Stem124 Arquero Keith

LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE
WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

(MALUNGGAY SEED AND BANANA PEEL).
A Research Paper
Submitted to the Faculty of the International School
Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the

International School, Senior High School Program
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
ARQUERO, KEITH MARK JOHN Q.

BACATAN, EISEN B.
FLORES, GENE LEONARD N.
GREPO, ROBERT STALIN E.
ILAGAN, LORENZO MIGUEL D.
May 2019
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

APPROVAL SHEET
This research paper entitled WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED

MATERIAL(MALUNGGAY SEED AND BANANA PEEL) submitted by KEITH
MARK JOHN Q. ARQUERO, EISEN B. BACATAN, GENE LEONARD N.
FLORES, ROBERT STALIN E. GREPO, and LORENZO MIGUEL D. ILAGAN
has been reviewed and recommended as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand of the Academic Track of the
Senior High School Program
CHRISTOPHER A. MALAY, M.Sc., LPT EUNICE E. LAUDATO, LPT

Research Adviser Technical Critic
Accepted and approved by the panel of examiners following a successful Oral Defense
on May 16, 2019.
CIREL JAN PERITO DAVID JOHN GUMBA

Panelist Panelist
ENGR. CREESELLE D. DADIVAS ENGR. PATRICIA C. NOVENO

Panelist Panelist
MS. MICHELLE-CHUNG WU-CRUCIDO, MBA

Senior High School Coordinator
Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand of the Academic Track of the Senior
High School Program
MR. MHAR ANGELO A. BAYOT

Headmaster, International School
ii

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
We hereby declare that the research paper entitled:
WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

(MALUNGGAY SEED AND BANANA PEEL).
is our own work and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, it contains no
material previously published or written by another person except where due
acknowledgement is made in the text.
We also declare that the intellectual content of this research is the product of our
own work, even though we may have received assistance from others on style,
presentation and language expression.
ARQUERO, KEITH MARK JOHN Q.

BACATAN, EISEN B.
FLORES, GENE LEONARD N.
GREPO, ROBERT STALIN E.
ILAGAN, LORENZO MIGUEL D.
Proponents
Date of completion: May 16, 2019
Attested by:
CHRISTOPHER A. MALAY , M.Sc., LPT Date of completion: May 16, 2019

Research Adviser
iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers would like to express their utmost gratitude and sincerest appreciation to
the following:
To our Creator, for all knowledge and wisdom come from Him.
Mr. Christopher A. Malay, our research adviser, for always giving the most
advantageous suggestions and for looking out for us throughout the whole process.
Ms. Eunice E. Laudato, our III teacher, for the continuous support, knowledge,
and useful critique for this research.
Ms. Luzvie Mae F. Manalaysay, our Class Adviser, for her continuous support,
motivating attitude, valuable advices and suggestions.
Ms. Vargas, laboratory coordinator of LPU-C, for her numerous assistances in

this study and her support for the studies of different students.
Our parents, for being the most supportive people in the success of this research
both financially and mentally.
We would never have finished this study without all of them. We are beyond
grateful.
KEITH MARK JOHN Q. ARQUERO

EISEN B. BACATAN
GENE LEONARD N. FLORES
ROBERT STALIN E. GREPO
LORENZO MIGUEL D. ILAGAN
iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE …...…………………………………………….…………….………….….i

APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………….. ……………...……ii
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY ………………………………………………..…...iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ……………………………………..………….. ……………iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………..……………..…….…………...v
LIST OF TABLES …….…………………………………………...............……………vii
LIST OF FIGURES …...…………………………………………......……...………….viii
LIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………......…………………...x
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………..…………...xii
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………….……….1
Background of the Study ………………………………………………….……...1
Statement of the Problem ……………...…………………………………..……..3
Hypothesis…………… …………………………………………………...............4
Significance of the Study …………………………………….. ………….............5
Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………... …………….……6
Definition of Terms………………. …………………………..…………….…….7
LITERATURE REVIEW ….……………………………………………………………..8
METHODOLOGY ………...…………………………………………………………...11

Research Design ………….……………………………..…………………….....11

Locale …………………….…………...……………………………..………......12
Sources of Data ...…………………….………..……………….....…...………..12
Procedure ……………….………………………………………..……………...12
Research Instrument …………………………………………………………….26
Data Analysis ……………………………………………………..…………….27
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………..………….……………...14

Results and Discussion for Malunggay seed……..…………….……..……..…. 14
Results and Discussion for Banana peel ……..………………...…………….....16
Results and Discussion for Mixture of Malunggay seeds and Banana peels.…...18
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………..........….19

Summary of Findings ……………………………………………….………...…19
Conclusion ………………………………………………….…………………...20
Recommendations …………………………………………………..………..….21
APPENDICES ………………………………………………………………….……….24
vi

Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite International School

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Strand
Abstract
WATER PURIFICATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

(MORINGA OLEIFERA AND BANANA PEEL).
Keith Mark John Q. Arquero1, Eisen B. Bacatan1, Gene Leonard N. Flores1, Robert
Stalin E. Grepo1, Lorenzo Miguel D. Ilagan1 and Christopher A. Malay2
Proponents1 and Research Adviser2
This research is about water filtration using a plant based material such as moringa
oleifera seed, musaacuminata peel, and the mixture of the both said plants. The
objective of the study is to used the Morianga oleifera, Musa acuminata and mixture of
both plants to clean a sample water and use it for daily usage, that it can be used as a
filter, so the researchers put one teaspoon (5g) of the treatment per cup to the waste
water sample then observe it with time of 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours.the result show
that Banana peel 2hours have the best result in terms of pH level with average score of
5.96 while in TDS banana peel 3hours have the best result with average score if 0.01,
and in TSS banana 1 hour have the best result with average score of 1.However in an
over all result malunggay seeds 3hours have the best result in all categories in terms of
lowering the alkalinity, low TSS and TDS value. The researchers found out that the
plants can clean the water. For every hour the sample water shows different result in
terms of pH level, TSS, and TDS. After it takes some test in the laboratory the
researchers found out that the water becomes acidic.
Key words: Morianga oleifera, Musa acuminata, Total Dissolved Solids, Total
Suspended Solids , pH Level, river water
vii

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Background of the Study
Nowadays the supply of usable water is running low because of the increasing
pollution in the water resource. As stated by Frankel T.(2015) New NASA data show
how the world is running out of water. More than half of Earth’s 37 largest aquifers are
being depleted, according to gravitational data from the GRACE satellite system. As
stated by Brown M. (2019) 50 million gallons of polluted water pours daily from mine
sites across the U.S., including Colorado. Everyday gallons of water with a metal
substance such as arsenic, lead, and other toxic metals flows from mining sites that
connect to surrounding water streams and ponds without being treated, they found out
that this substance poisons aquatic life and taint the water supplies. The contaminant is
found in solution, such as chemicals, and synthetic substance like pesticides. These
impurities can harm our health and can cause some minor or/and major diseases thus, the
quality of water resources should be evaluated based on their quality because usable
water should not be used unless their quality is appropriate for the specific use. Usable
water is essential for an organism to survive, especially us humans who have been using
water every day to clean, to cook, for energy supply. The availability of clean usable
water is having a problem in terms of harmful effects on human health. In rural areas,
people use water from deep wells and sometimes in the river, not knowing the effects of

the bacteria to the health of the human body such as skin rashes, dizziness, and even
death.
Locals have a difficulty for purifying water because it is expensive and it is not
available in those rural areas, so in this situation there is a need for the researchers to find
alternative supply of water purifier which are malunggay seed powder (Moringa olifera)
that are less expensive and less toxic than aluminum sulfate that can clean the water and
it is always available in rural areas, banana peel can be used for removing impurities and
bacteria from the water because there are substances in banana peels, that can stick to any
toxic materials and remove them from water. Thereby making it safe and clean.
According to Ceniza and Clapanoc(2013). “Moringa oleifera is a pan-tropical
species that is native in the Philippines were all parts are edible and usable and also
known to be a miracle plant because of its many uses, this includes water purification
using powdered seeds”.Other researchers found that using malunggay seeds as a filter
showed a significant difference in chemical and microbiological analysis. According to
Ceniza and Clapano (2017)." In chemical analysis, hardness, total dissolved solids,
turbidity, and acidity increases except for pH and alkalinity. In the microbiological
analysis, malunggay seeds reduced the total number of coliform and heterotrophic
bacteria as the concentration of the powdered seeds increases. In conclusion that
malunggay seed is effective in reducing the number of bacteria presented in the water".
Furthermore the study of Subashree R., Surya Praba N., Anusha G. (2017). Carbonization
method is used to remove the organic substance from wastewater using lemons and
2

banana peels, the carbonization the method is found to be more efficient for lemons and
banana peels in terms of effects on pH level, time, adsorbent dosage and particle size.
The researchers found that there is no researchabout the mixing of malunggay (Moringa
oleifera) seeds and banana peel used as a material for a water filter. So the researchers
decided to mix malunggay and banana peel. Therefore the purpose of the study is to
discover how much can plant cleanse the water. It could contribute information that there
are ways to clean dirty water and turn it into clean tap water for the community. Future
researchers can use this study as a basis of information and further improve the whole
research. In addition, Wijeyaratne stated that using powdered leaves of Moringa oleifera
could drastically reduce the pollutants in the contaminated river water, thus cleansing the
water. However, the researchers will be using powdered seeds of Moringa oleifera
because it is more likely to clean the substances, especially the river water.

Statement of the Problem
The researcher aims to solve the problem of clean water supply in the area of
Mataasna Burol, Malabag, Silang, Cavite due to the lack of water in that area. The
researchers need to find an alternative water supply that can solve the lack of water in
that area
1. What will be the effect of the plant-based material to the water sample in terms of
pH level, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)
2. What is the difference between the first two treatment which is the treatment of
malunggay seed, and the banana, then the mixture of banana and malunggay seed
through the pH level, TSS, and TDS .
Hypothesis
1.) There is no significant difference between the three treatments that is used to
clean the wastewater in terms of TSS, TDS, and pH level test.
2.) There is a significant difference between the three treatment that is used to clean
the wastewater.

Scope and Limitation of the Study
The scope of this study is to only clean a sample of contaminated river water to
see if it can reach certain levels to be used as a substitute for tap water, there would be no
comparing with the water, just the components itself that could be called clean. The limit
of this study is to help the locals to use the river in Mataas na Burol, Silang Cavite by
gathering a pail of water and filtering it to be used in a daily usage such as for gardening
and laundry.
Significance of the Study
This study will give importance to nature itself, it will potentially give the people
an idea to reuse/relive the polluted river into a natural source of tap water.
• Locals of MataasnaBurol Silang Cavite - the locals will benefit from this
because they can use their own river water again. It can reduce the locals who get
easily sick because of contaminated water.
• The future researches – this can be a ready reference for them when they
conduct a related or similar study.

Definition of Terms
1. Musa acuminata- The scientific name of banana that can be found in southeast Asia.
2. Moringa oleifera- Scientific name of malunggay.
3. Zeta potentials- The potential difference existing between the surface of a solid particle
immersed in a conducting liquid.
4. pH level- the level of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
5. TSS- Total Suspended Solids- A type of test to identify the dry-weight of suspended
particles, that are not dissolved.
6. TDS- Total Dissolved solids – A type of test to measure of the dissolved combined
content of all inorganic and organic substances present in a liquid in molecular, ionized,
or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter will show you the review of related literatures significant to the
study. The following scriptures gathered by the researchers will make you understand the
study more.
Related Literature of Moringa oleifera
As stated by Amagloh Z., Benay A. (2009) that the matured dried Moringa
Olifera seeds can use an absorbent of bacteria in contaminated water and the result of that
can use drinking water. The Moringa Oleifera is abundant in the place of Mataas na
Burol, Malabag Silang Cavite so it makes the people around there to find an easy way for
an alternative water filter. Likewise, the study of Nand V., Maata N., Koshy K.,
Sotheeswaran S. (2012) That the local seeds of Moringa Olifera can clean heavy metals
like chromium, copper, lead, and zinc. It is a great way to purify the contaminated water
to make it safe because it can remove the heavy metal in the contaminated river.
Furthermore based on Jodi M. L., Birnin-Yauri U. A., Yahaya Y. and Sokoto M. A.
(2012) This study was intended at finding the effectiveness of powdered seeds of M.
olifeira, H. Sabdariffa and C. Tidens as a normal water treatment agents alternative to use
of synthetic chemicals. The obtained results, when each plant was mixed with alum were
much better and it makes the study to find another way or a more effective way to
improve the purification of water in moringa olifera.

Also according to Kulkarni (2017). Humans use water for several purposes but
the purity level of the water being consumed is very critical since it has a direct effect on
health. In the existing study effectiveness, Moringa Oleifera seed extract as a natural
water treatment coagulant was investigated. Highly impure water was collected from a
river. Water samples that were collected were treated with varying concentrations of
Moringa. Water safety is very important in every place so the locals in the Mataas na
Burol, Malabag Silang Cavite use Moringa Olifera to purify the contaminated riverbank
water. In addition Oleifera seed extract: 50 mg/l, 100 mg/l, 150 mg/l, 200 mg/l and 250
mg/l. The water samples that were collected from the river were analyzed before and
after the treatment with Moringa oleifera seed extracts at the varying concentration for
different parameters. – pH, turbidity, conductivity and total solids – to evaluate the
appropriateness and the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera seed extract in treating highly
impure water. Therefore, Moringa Oleifera seed extract was concluded to act as a natural
coagulant for treating highly impure water. This should be an encouragement for
developing countries.

Related Literature of Musa acuminata
As stated by Subashree R., Surya Praba N., Anusha G. (2017). Lemon peels are
more effective than the banana peels in terms of removing impurities from the
wastewater. The carbonization method is found to be more efficient in terms of effects on
pH level, time, adsorbent dosage and particle size. But in this case, the researchers will be
using bananas because it is less expensive for the community and bananas are abundant
in the community besides bananas are still effective for removing pollutants in the
contaminated
Water river. Bananas are very abundant in every place that is why the bananas are
another source of purifying the river water. In addition Yin, CY. (2010).The study of
plant-based coagulant sources, procedure, efficiency and related coagulating mechanisms
for the treatment of water and wastewater is shown. These coagulants, overall, the use of
point-of-use technology in less-developed communities since they are comparatively
cost-effective compared to chemical coagulants, can be processed easily in a usable form
and biodegradable. The use of banana as a water filter is safe and it is biodegradable and
easy to make.

Related Literature for Water Borne Diseases
As studied by Chan L., Chan M. and Wang J. (2009) The citizens in third world
countries battle waterborne illness every day. Therefore, to have access to safe drinking
water is a luxury. Yet, it is very difficult to devote to a water filter with a low annual
income. An inexpensive water filter can serve as a substitute such that every household
can take advantage of this luxury. The locals in the place of Mataas na Burol, Malabag
Silang Cavite needs an alternate way to purify water because water disease is very
common in the most area with contaminated water. Furthermore the study of Nwabor
Oziona Forstinus, Nnamonuem Manuel Ikechukwu, Martins Paul Emenike and Ani
Ogona Christiana (2015) is that the effort of the government and other agencies in water
and its safety, Waterborne diseases is still a major environmental concern, even though it
is worth spending but it has not shown any expected results and it continues to infect the
country and Africa and Asiais the most affected. The major causes of the water born are
the lack of hygienic practices of the residence and the unavailability of pipe borne water
are often contaminated. This review is focused on waterborne diseases and the different
methods of in the bacterial analysis of water. Water safety is most important in every
local that have a water problem because some locals can't find an alternate way to find
water resources or some may not prevent the water diseases in the contaminated water
10

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design and methodology, including the
sampling technique, materials, data gathering procedure, and other mediums.
Research Design
This study will be using an experimental design. It will require the researchers to
perform tests to gather the data that are needed for the research. Once the data is
collected, it would provide a clear result for the experiment. It also various materials such
as the filter itself, Moringa Oleifera seeds, banana peel, and the contaminated river water
sample in order to measure the data that are needed. And for the tools, the researchers
will be using measuring cups and weighing scale to measure the amount of the materials
that would be used for the research. The t-test will be used for the research because the
research will be used to test the pH level, TSS(total suspended solids), and TSD(total
dissolved solids) This study will be using an experimental design. The researchers will
perform several tests to gather the data that are needed for the research. Once the data is
gathered, it would provide clear results for the study.
11

Locale
This study will be conducted in the house of Mr. Bacatan at MataasnaBurol,
Malabag Silang Cavite. based on the source of the water river and plant material that will
be used in this research can be gathered near their house.
Sources of Data
The researchers will be using primary data in the study which will be composed
of the results of the experiment. In addition, secondary data source which will be
composed of journals, articles and other studies that are related to this study.
Data Gathering Procedure
The procedure is divided into two parts. the first step taken is to utilize sample
water from the river of MataasnaBurol, Silang Cavite. the result of the water will be
based in the study. The materials that use by the researchers are the Moringa oleifera
seeds and banana peel. the first thing that needs to do is to get a full grown Moringa
oleifera fruit and get the seed of it that will dry out for 14 days under the sun. for the
banana peel, the researchers will go to the nearest market or houses to get a banana peel.
The second step of the procedure is the experiment itself. after getting all the
materials that in need the researchers will follow the procedure on how to filter using a
plant based material. Each water sample will get a one teaspoon per cup of the dried
12

malunggay seeds, banana peel, and the mixture of the two, with the time of 1 hour, 2
hours, and 3 hours. The outcome of this experiment will be compared to the first water
sample that was taken from the river. After gathering all the data, the researcher will
analyze and validate the data.
13

CHAPTER IV
Results and discussion
This chapter is part of the study where the results and the analyzed data of the
experiments. The data are interpreted according to the tables, after the interpretation of
the data the researchers discuss and answer the research questions using the results and
table that are supported by other related studies and articles.
Results and Discussion for Malunggay seeds
Time (hour) / Average Score

Test
1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs
pH Test 5.57 5.14 5.06
Total Dissolved Solids 0.07 0.05 0.05
Total Suspended
Solids
1.13 1.1 1.03
Table 1. pH level, TDS, and TSS average score; Malunggay seeds
Table 1 shows that the pH level of Malunggay shows a significant difference
when it comes to time. Shows that due to time the average score of the pH level decreases
or it becomes more acidic, this is also supported by the Hanna instrument were During
fermentation, the pH should be lower to accommodate the yeast and also to ensure
microbial stability and consistent flavoring of the beer. For the best results, an optimal pH
range during fermentation is between pH 4.1 and 4.3. In the end, fresh beer has a pH of
about 4, dropping as oxidation occurs that shows that the malunggay needs to ferment for
the treatment to be effective to lower the alkalinity of the water samples. Table 1 also
shows that the average score of the Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) that it decreases the
14

weight it has in terms of time this is also supported by Mr. Brian Oram, PG (2014)
Dissolved solids" refer to any minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved in water.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium,
magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates) and some small
amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. That shows that the malunggay
contains one or more of inorganic salts, namely calcium yet the ratio of the calcium are
lessen due to time and also, table 1 shows that the Total Suspended Solids(TSS) that due
to time it decreases the suspended solids that it contains this can be supported by Rossi,
L., Fankhauser R., and Chevre N. (2012) major potentially harmful substances such as
heavy metals, PAHs and organic matter are adsorbed onto TSS and later settle on
sediment. in this study cover the short-term impact of TSS on fish (acute quality criteria
AQC), taking into account the duration of their exposure in the receiving water.
The concentration-exposure duration-effect curve proposed here thus predicts "ill
effects" on fish for different exposure times and TSS concentrations. Therefore,
malunggay does not contain any heavy metal and due to time in decreases the suspended
time of the malunggay seeds.
15

Results and Discussion for Banana peels

Test
1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs
pH Test 4.32 5.96 9.88
Total Suspended
Solids
1 1.133 1.339
Table 2. pH level, TDS, and TSS average score; Banana peels
Table 2 shows that the average score of pH level increases or it becomes more
alkaline due to time this is also supported by Annadural G., Lee D., JuangR.(2013). The
time of adsorption increases, increasing pH and reached a plateau at pH > 7, which was
confirmed by the variations of zeta potentials. It shows that due to time, the water
becomes more alkaline and also table 2 shows that the average score of Total Dissolved
Solids(TDS) decreases in terms of time this is also supported by Mr. Brian Oram, PG
(2014) Dissolved solids" refer to any minerals, salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved
in water. Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium,
amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. That shows that banana peels
contain one or more of inorganic salts namely potassium yet the ratio of the potassium
are lessen due to time that it spent, and also table 2 shows that the average score of Total
Suspended Solids(TSS) increases due to time this is also supported by Rossi, L.,
Fankhauser R., and Chevre N. (2012) major potentially harmful substances such as heavy
metals, PAHs and organic matter are adsorbed onto TSS and later settle on sediment. in
16

this study cover the short-term impact of TSS on fish (acute quality criteria AQC), taking
into account the duration of their exposure in the receiving water. The concentration-
exposure duration-effect curve proposed here thus predicts "ill effects" on fish for
different exposure times and TSS concentrations. That shows that the banana peel
increases the average score due to time and can do harm.
Results and Discussion for Mixture of Malunggay seeds and Banana peels

Test
1 hr 2 hrs 3 hrs
pH Test 5.64 5.6 5.37
Total Suspended
Solids
1.1 1.2 1.233
Table 2. pH level, TDS, and TSS average score; Malunggay seeds and Banana peels
Table 3 shows that the average pH level of the mixed formula of malunggay seeds
and banana peels shows a significant difference when it comes to time. This shows that
the pH level of the water will decrease or makes it more acidic when the formula is
soaked longer in the water. This is also supported by the Hanna instrument were during
fermentation, the pH should be lower to accommodate the yeast and also to ensure
microbial stability and consistent flavoring of the beer. For the best results, an optimal pH
range during fermentation is between pH 4.1 and 4.3. In the end, fresh beer has a pH of
about 4, dropping as oxidation occurs that shows that the mixture of the malunggay and
banana needs to ferment for it to lower the pH level of the water sample and Table 3 also
17

shows the average score the Total Dissolved Solids(TDS) decreases in terms of time this
is also supported by Mr. Brian Oram, PG (2014) Dissolved solids" refer to any minerals,
salts, metals, cations or anions dissolved in water.
Total dissolved solids (TDS) comprise inorganic salts (principally calcium,
amounts of organic matter that are dissolved in water. That shows that the mixture of
banana peel and malunggay seeds contains one or more of inorganic salt namely
potassium and calcium however the ratio of the inorganic salt are lessen due to the time
that it spent, and also Table 3 shows the average score of the Total Suspended
Solids(TSS) increases due to time this is also supported by Rossi, L., Fankhauser R., and
Chevre N. (2012) major potentially harmful substances such as heavy metals, PAHs and
organic matter are adsorbed onto TSS and later settle on sediment. in this study cover the
short-term impact of TSS on fish (acute quality criteria AQC), taking into account the
duration of their exposure in the receiving water. The concentration-exposure duration-
effect curve proposed here thus predicts "ill effects" on fish for different exposure times
and TSS concentrations. That shows that the mixture of the malunggay seeds and banana
peels increases the average score due to time and can do harm.
18

CHAPTER V
Summary
The main purpose of this study is to know if moringa oleifera and banana peel can
be an alternative water filter. The study will answer the following question: What could
be the significant difference between the filtered water with malunggay seeds, banana
peel and mix in terms of their microbiological content. What could be thesignificant
difference between the filtered water with malunggay seeds, banana peel and mix in
terms of their physical attributes (suspended solids and dissolved solids). The
effectiveness of the water filter in terms of the pH level of the sample water. This study
used an experimental design that has a procedure of 2 parts where the first part is were
the researchers collect the sample water and plant materials for the filter and the second
part were the researchers conduct the experiment and test, during the experiment were
they have 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours per solutions and tests with 3 samples per
experiment then the data were gathered and interpreted and discussed by the researchers.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the use of Malunggay Seeds in wastewater can decrease the pH
Level, TSS, TDS. while the Banana Peel cannot decrease the in terms of pH Level, TSS,
TDS, and the mixture of the malunggay seed and banana peel the pH level of wastewater
19

but the TDS and TSS did not decrease. This result of the study is based on the data
gathered by the researchers in the experiment, the water became acidic.
The main findings of this research are that the malunggay seed, banana peel and
mixture of banana and malunggay shows a significant difference when it comes to time.
the result shows that the water sample cannot be used for daily usage for the household.
the result came up with the significance of (p>0.05).
Recommendation
The researchers recommend that the locals should use the water as much as
possible when it was filtered. It is also recommended that when filtering the water, it
should not be soaked for a long period of time or else it would produce a foul odor. Since
the water is acidic and has a very bad TDS and TSS it should only be used for household
and it should never come to any contact in the skin. Other researchers can use this data to
make a different study that is related to time when it comes to the difference between
TDS and TSS and pH Level. Also, the researchers recommend that the future researchers
to test the metal content of the water to prove furthermore the effectiveness of the plant
materials to clean the water.
20

REFERENCES
Amagloh, F. K., &Benang, A. (2014). Effectiveness of Moringa oleifera seed as
coagulant for water purification, (February 2009).
Nand, V., Maata, M., &Sotheeswaran, S. (2012). Water Purification using Moringa
oleifera and Other Locally Available Seeds in Fiji for Heavy Metal Removal Water
Purification using Moringa oleifera and Other Locally Available Seeds in Fiji for Heavy
Metal Removal VikashniNand The University of the South Pacific, (June 2017).
Jodi, M. L., Yahaya, Y., & Sokoto, M. A. (2014). The use of some plants in water
purification.
Wang, J. (2009). Design of Water Filter for Third World Countries.
Forstinus, N. O., & Ikechukwu, N. E. (2016). Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review
Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review, (January).
https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2016/21895
Yin, C.-Y. (2010). water and wastewater treatment. Process Biochemistry, Emerging
usage of plant-based coagulants for water and wastewater treatment, 45, 1437–1444.
Gupta, P. (2019). Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed as a coagulant for water treatment
Evaluation of Moringa oleifera seed as a coagulant for water treatment, (November
2017).
21

Subashree, R., Praba, N. S., & Anusha, G. (n.d.). Investigation of Coagulation Activity of
Lemon and Banana Peel Powder in Water Treatment, 852–855.
Wang, J. (2009). Design of Water Filter for Third World Countries
Forstinus, N. O., & Ikechukwu, N. E. (2016). Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review
Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review, (January).
https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2016/21895
22

APPENDICES
Water Filter
23

Moringa oleifera seed, Musa acuminate peel, a mixture of the malunggay and
banana peel TDS(Total Dissolved Solids) and data collection
Moringa oleifera seed, Musa acuminate peel, a mixture of the malunggay and
banana peel TSS(Total Suspended Solids) and data collection
24

Letter of Communication for laboratory usage
25

SPSS Table
26

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LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY CAVITE

WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the

ARQUERO, KEITH MARK JOHN Q.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

This research paper entitled WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED

CHRISTOPHER A. MALAY, M.Sc., LPT EUNICE E. LAUDATO, LPT

CIREL JAN PERITO DAVID JOHN GUMBA

ENGR. CREESELLE D. DADIVAS ENGR. PATRICIA C. NOVENO

MS. MICHELLE-CHUNG WU-CRUCIDO, MBA

MR. MHAR ANGELO A. BAYOT

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

We hereby declare that the research paper entitled:

WATER FILTRATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

ARQUERO, KEITH MARK JOHN Q.

Date of completion: May 16, 2019

CHRISTOPHER A. MALAY , M.Sc., LPT Date of completion: May 16, 2019

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Ms. Vargas, laboratory coordinator of LPU-C, for her numerous assistances in

KEITH MARK JOHN Q. ARQUERO

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

TITLE PAGE …...…………………………………………….…………….………….….i

LITERATURE REVIEW ….……………………………………………………………..8

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Research Design ………….……………………………..…………………….....11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………..………….……………...14

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ………………..........….19

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Lyceum of the Philippines University – Cavite International School

WATER PURIFICATION USING PLANT BASED MATERIAL

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Background of the Study

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

According to Ceniza and Clapanoc(2013). “Moringa oleifera is a pan-tropical

showed a significant difference in chemical and microbiological analysis. According to

bacteria as the concentration of the powdered seeds increases. In conclusion that

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Statement of the Problem

pH level, TSS (Total Suspended Solids), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)

through the pH level, TSS, and TDS .

clean the wastewater in terms of TSS, TDS, and pH level test.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

easily sick because of contaminated water.

conduct a related or similar study.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

2. Moringa oleifera- Scientific name of malunggay.

immersed in a conducting liquid.

4. pH level- the level of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

particles, that are not dissolved.

or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature of Moringa oleifera

Furthermore based on Jodi M. L., Birnin-Yauri U. A., Yahaya Y. and Sokoto M. A.

improve the purification of water in moringa olifera.

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL PROGRAM

Related Literature of Musa acuminata

wastewater. The carbonization method is found to be more efficient in terms of effects on

plant-based coagulant sources, procedure, efficiency and related coagulating mechanisms

Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review, (January).

Water and Waterborne Diseases : A Review, (January).