SEMINAR REPORT

DIGITAL SUB-STATIONS(IEC-61850)
DEPAERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS
MSRIT BANGALORE
BY:DENNIS SAMUEL(1MS16EE015)

INTRODUCTION: A seminar talk was organised by EEE DEPT on 4th DEC 2019 on
digitization of conventional substation ,the talk was presented to us by Mr Sarasij Das.
The agenda of the seminar is as follows

 Understanding the need of digitization of the substation

 Various components used in a digital sub-station
 Advantages of digital sub-station over conventional sub-station
 Designing and construction of a sub-station according to IEC-61850 standard.
 The safety measures that are taken at a sub-station.

Brief Summary: The electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which

is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. There is
numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which
having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth
functioning of the system. The power system is having numerous ingredients such as
distribution, transmission, and generation systems and Substations act as a necessary ingredient
for operations of the power system. The substations are entities from which consumers are
getting their electrical supply to run their loads while required power quality can be delivered
to the customers by changing frequency and voltage levels. Sub-station automation is the act
of automatically controlling the power system via instrumentation and control
devices. Substation automation refers to using data from intelligent electronic devices (IED),
control and automation capabilities within the substation, and control commands from remote
users to control power-system devices.

Components Of A Conventional Sub-Station:

 Instrument Transformers
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer
 Conductors
 Insulators
 Isolators
 Busbars
 Lightning Arrestors
 Circuit Breakers
 Relays
  Capacitor Banks
 Batteries
 WaveTrapper
 SwitchYard
 Metering and Indication Instruments
 Equipment for Carrier Current
 Prevention from Surge Voltage
 The Outgoing Feeders
 Earth Mat

Components Of A Digital Sub-Station:

 Data acquisition system
 Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
 Meter
 Digital fault recorder
 Programmable logic controller (PLC)
 Protective relay
 Load tap changer (LTC)
 Recloser controller
 Communications process
 Optic fiber
 Optic CT&PT
From the above comparison of various components it is clear that digitization of the sub-
station has its perks over a conventional sub-station as most of the system are automated.

Why We Need IEC 61850 Standard:

The International Electro-Technical Commission(IEC) authors international standards for
all electrical, electronic and other related technologies. This standard collection addresses
product development, performance, compatibility. IEC standard enable you to:
 Increase market share
 Ensure product performance
 Integrate interoperable capabilities

Future Advancements and Discussions:-

Use of modified devices such as Optical CTs will make the communication easier. As
more and more digital substations are established, the manufacturers will be forced to design
the products to achieve interoperability atleast to some extent. Disadvantage of digitizing the
communication and computational units is reduced life and lesser reliability compared to the
traditional methods. Cost of implementation of digitized network ends up being costlier than
the traditional methods. Use of two master computational computers for security reasons and
data recording purposes will add up to the cost. However, data processing, analysis and
communication becomes easier. Cybersecurity becomes a great issue.
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