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- De nitions

Table of Contents

- Calculator
- De nitions
- Geometry
- Moment of Inertia
- Elastic section modulus
- Plastic section modulus
- Radius of gyration

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See also

Properties of a I/H section

Properties of a Channel (U) section

Properties of a non-symmetric I/H section

Moment of Inertia of a Tee

All Cross Section Property tools

Properties of Tee (T) Cross-Section

- By Dr. Minas E. Lemonis, PhD - Updated: October 16, 2019

This tool calculates the properties of a tee cross-section. Enter the shape dimensions h, b, t f and t w below. The
calculated results will have the same units as your input. Please use consistent units for any input.

h= 425

b= 160
tf =
25

tw = 16

Geometric properties:

Area = 10400

Perimeter = 1170

yc = 143.269231

Properties related to x-x axis:

Ix = 1.96695513 x108

Sx = 698168.373

Zx = 1.24000000 x106

ypna = 100

Rgx = 137.524653
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Properties related to y-y axis:

Iy = 8.66986667 x106

Sy = 108373.333

Zy = 185600

Rgy = 28.8728424
 Other properties:
Iz = 2.05365379 x108

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Table of Contents

- Calculator
- De nitions
- Geometry
- Moment of Inertia
- Elastic section modulus
- Plastic section modulus
- Radius of gyration

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De nitions
Geometry
The area A and the perimeter P of a tee cross-section, can be found with the next formulas:

The distance of the centroid along y axis, from the top edge can be found using the rst moments of area of the
web and the ange:

Moment of Inertia
The moment of inertia of a tee section can be found if the total area is divided into two, smaller ones, A, B, as shown
in gure below. The nal area, may be considered as the additive combination of A+B. Therefore, the moment of
inertia I x of the tee section, relative to non-centroidal x0-x0 axis, is determined like this:

where h the tee height, b the width of the ange, t f the thickness of the ange (parallel to x-x) and t w the thickness
of the web (perpendicular to x-x).

Knowing I x0 and y c , the moment of inertia I x relative to centroidal x-x axis, may be determined, using the Parallel
Axes Theorem:

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The moment of inertia I y of the tee section, relative to centroidal y-y axis, can be found directly, by the additive
combination of C+D sub-areas:
The moment of inertia (second moment or area) is used in beam theory to describe the rigidity of a beam against
exure. The bending moment M applied to a cross-section is related with its moment of inertia with the following
equation:

where E is the Young's modulus, a property of the material, and κ the curvature of the beam due to the applied
load. Therefore, it can be seen from the former equation, that when a certain bending moment M is applied to a
beam cross-section, the developed curvature is reversely proportional to the moment of inertia I.

The polar moment of inertia, describes the rigidity of a cross-section against torsional moment, likewise the planar
moments of inertia described above, are related to exural bending. The calculation of the polar moment of inertia
I z about an axis z-z (perpendicular to the section), can be done with the Perpendicular Axes Theorem:

where the I x and I y are the moments of inertia about axes x-x and y-y that are mutually perpendicular with z-z and
meet at a common origin.

The dimensions of moment of inertia are .

Elastic section modulus

The elastic section modulus S x of any cross section about axis x-x (centroidal), describes the response of the
section under elastic exural bending. It is de ned as:

where I x the moment of inertia of the section about x-x axis and Y the distance from centroid of a section point
(aka ber, typically the most distant one), measured perpendicularly to x-x axis. For the tee section, the elastic
section modulus S x , relative to the x-x axis, due to the unsymmetry, is di erent for Y measured from the top or the
bottom ber. The bigger Y results in the smaller S x , which is usually preferable for the design of the section.
Therefore:

where the min designation is based on the assumption that , which is valid for any tee section.

For the section modulus S y , relative to y-y axis, which, for this section, happens to be a symmetry axis, the section
modulus is found by:
If a bending moment M x is applied on axis x-x, the section will respond with normal stresses, varying linearly with
the distance from the neutral axis (which under elastic regime coincides to the centroidal x-x axis). Along neutral
axis the stresses are zero. Absolute maximum σ will occur at the most distant ber, with magnitude given by the
formula:

From the last equation, the section modulus can be considered for exural bending, a property analogous to cross-
sectional A, for axial loading. For the latter, the normal stress is F/A.

The dimensions of section modulus are .

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Plastic section modulus

The plastic section modulus is similar to the elastic one, but de ned with the assumption of full plastic yielding of
the cross section due to exural bending. In that case the whole section is divided in two parts, one in tension and
one in compression, each under uniform stress eld. For materials with equal tensile and compressive yield
stresses, this leads to the division of the section into two equal areas, A t in tension and A c in compression,
separated by the neutral axis. The axis is called plastic neutral axis, and for non-symmetric sections, isn't the same
with the elastic neutral axis (which again is the centroidal one). The plastic section modulus is given by the general
formula:

where Y c the distance of the centroid of the compressive area A c from the plastic neutral axis and Y t the
respective distance of the centroid of the tensile area A t .
For the case of a tee cross-section, the plastic neutral axis for x-x bending, can be found by either one of the
following two equations:

where y pna the distance of the plastic neutral axis from the top edge of the ange. The rst equation is valid when
the plastic neutral axis passes through the web, while the second one when it passes through the ange. Generally,
it can't be known which equation is relevant beforehand. Once the plastic neutral axis is determined, the calculation
of the centroids of the compressive and tensile areas becomes straightforward. Expressions for these are not
included here.

For y-y bending, the plastic neutral axis passes through centroid (due to the symmetry). The calculation of the
plastic modulus can be easily formulated:

Radius of gyration
Radius of gyration R g of a cross-section, relative to an axis, is given by the formula:

where I the moment of inertia of the cross-section about the same axis and A its area. The dimensions of radius of
gyration are . It describes how far from centroid the area is distributed. Small radius indicates a more
compact cross-section. Circle is the shape with minimum radius of gyration, compared to any other section with the
same area A.
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See also

Properties of a I/H section

Properties of a Channel (U) section

Properties of a non-symmetric I/H section

Moment of Inertia of a Tee

All Cross Section Property tools

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