Study Guide

Exam 2-BIO 201

Chapter 9:

1. Muscle structure (connective tissue layers)

2. Muscle fiber parts
3. Parts of the sarcomere (thin and thick filaments)
4. The action of muscle contraction (actin-myosin cross bridge) and what is happening in
the muscle fiber during each step
5. Regulatory proteins associated with the muscle fiber
6. Energy pathways used to generate ATP for different activities
7. Factors that influence muscle contraction
8. Different types of smooth muscle
9. Different types of voluntary muscle fibers and the activities for which they are well
suited

Chapter 11:

1. Difference between the CNS and PNS

2. Cells of the CNS and PNS
3. Parts of a neuron
4. Types of neuron based on structure
5. Transport and movement in the axon
6. Action potential graph and what is occurring to the cell during each phase (ion channels,
etc.)
7. Resting membrane potential
8. Examples of the types of neurotransmitters
9. Part of the synapse and how a AP leads to neurotransmitter being released

Chapter 12:

1. The 4 major regions of the spinal cord

2. The number of vertebrae/spinal nerves associated with each region of the spinal
cord
3. Parts of the grey and white matter
4. Ventral/Dorsal roots and which neurons utilize these pathways
5. The length of the spinal cord (C1-L2)
6. Differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
7. The 3 meningeal layers
8. Unique features of the CNS
9. Ascending and Descending pathways
 10. Types of spinal cord injections (epidural vs. lumbar)

Chapter 13:

1. Different types of receptors (classification and specific examples)

2. Examples of encapsulated vs. nonencapsulated nerve endings
3. Difference between pain tolerance and pain threshold
4. Connective tissue layers in the nervous tissue
5. Total spinal nerve count and the count for each region of the spinal cord
6. The 4 major nerve plexuses (Name of the branch/ID’ing them on an image/their spinal
nerve supply)
7. What effector organ (general area) each branch of the plexus supplies/innervates.
8. Difference between learned and inborn reflex and examples of each.
9. Cranial Nerves; what they supply, ID’ing them on an image, and what happens when
they are injured