_______ __ _

UNIVERSlTl
---· ,_

TEKNOLOGI
PETRONAS

COURSE MDB3033 - HEAT TRANSFERS

DATE 13 AUGUST 2018 (MONDAY)
TIME 9:00 AM - 12:00 NOON (3 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet.

2. Begin EACH answer on a new page in the Answer Booklet.
3. Indicate clearly answers that are cancelled, if any.

4. Where applicable, show clearly steps taken in arriving at the solutions and
indicate ALL assumptions, if any.
5. DO NOT open this Question Booklet until instructed.

Note
1. There are EIGHT (8) pages in this Question Booklet including the cover
page and appendix.
11. DOUBLE-SIDED Question Booklet.

Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

 MDB3033

1. a. Write FOUR (4) the assumptions to apply the heat conduction equation,

d 2 T/dx 2 =0.

[4 marks]

b. Steam in a heating system flows through tubes whose outer diameter is

3 em and whose walls are maintained at a temperature of 125°C. Circular
aluminium alloy fins (k = 150 W/m ·K) of outer diameter 6 em and constant
=2 mm are attached to the tube, as shown in FIGURE Q1. The
thickness t
space between the fins, S = 3 mm, and thus there are 200 fins per meter
length of the tube. Heat is transferred to the surrounding air at 30°C, with a
combined heat transfer coefficient of 50 W/m 2 ·K.

FIGURE Q1

1. Estimate the rate of heat transfer from the surface per meter length of
the finned tube.
[15 marks]

11. Determine the overall effectiveness of the fins tube.

[6 marks]

2
 MDB3033
2. In heat treatment to harden steel ball bearings (cp = 500 J/kg ·K, p = 7800 kg/m 3 ,
k = 50 W/m·K and a. = 1.282 X 1o- 5 m2 /s) it is desirable to increase the surface
temperature for a short time without significantly warming the interior of the ball.
This type of heating can be accomplished by sudden immersion of the ball in a
molten salt bath with 1300 K temperature and 5000 W/m 2 ·K heat transfer
coefficient. Assume that any location within the ball whose temperature exceeds
1000 K will be hardened. The ball is 20 mm diameter and its initial temperature
is 300 K.

a. Estimate the time required to harden the outer 1 mm layer of the ball.
[12 marks]

b. Estimate the center temperature of the ball once the surface heat treatment
is finished.
[5 marks]

c. Calculate the amount of heat transferred during the heat treatment process.
[8 marks]

3
 MDB3033
3. During a visit to a plastic sheeting plant, it was observed that a horizontal
60-m-long section of a 2-in nominal (6.03-cm-outerdiameter) steam pipe
extended from one end of the plant to the other with no insulation on it. The
temperature measurements at several locations revealed that the average
temperature of the exposed surfaces of the steam pipe was 170°C, while
the temperature of the surrounding air was 30°C. The air is assumed as an
ideal gas and the local atmospheric pressure is 1 atm. In order to decide the
importance of covering the pipe with insulation material, the rate of heat
loses need to be investigated.

a. If there is no wind, determine the rate of heat loss from the steam pipe
surface.
[1 0 marks]

b. When wind starts blows across the pipe at a speed of 5 m/s. Evaluate
the rate of heat loss from the surface of the steam pipe. Neglect the
natural convection.
[10 marks]

c. The outer surface of the pipe appeared to be oxidized, and its

emissivity can be taken to be 0.7. Determine the heat loss by radiation
from the surface of the steam pipe.
[5 marks]

4
 MDB3033

4. a. Engine oil (cp = 2048 J/kg·K) flows through a thin walled copper tube at a
rate of 0.3 kg/s which is the inner tube of a double pipe heat exchanger that
operates in counter flow. The engine oil that enters at an inlet temperature
of 82°C is to be cooled by cold water (cp=4200 J/kg·K) flowing at a
temperature of 24°C. It is desired to have exit temperature of the engine oil
not greater than 42°C. The individual convective heat transfer coefficients
on oil and water sides are 740 W/m 2 ·K and 340 W/m 2 ·K, respectively. A
thermocouple probe installed on the downstream side of the cooling water
measures a temperature of 35°C. Estimate the following parameters of the
heat exchanger that satisfies the given design conditions.

1. The overall heat transfer coefficient.

[4 marks]

ii. The surface area.

[9 marks]

b. A heat exchanger is stated to have an overall heat transfer coefficient of

220 W/m 2 ·K when operating at design and clean conditions. It is used to
cool ethylene glycol from 105 to 45°C using water which is· available at
32°C. The water and glycol flow rates are each 0.5 kg/s. Specific heat
capacity of ethylene glycol and water are 2650 J/kg·K and 4200 J/kg·K,
respectively.

i. Evaluate the effectiveness of the heat exchanger.

[6 marks]

11. Suggest the possible mode of operation, a parallel flow or counter

flow. Justify your answer with calculations.
[6 marks]

-END OF PAPER-

5
 MDB3033

APPENDIX

O.Y

(})\ ~~ ~l)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))~I}-
0.7 ~"'\ ~
~

06 ~0
~~
~"
;..,
~
::; 05 ~
"""'I = r lr
l
2 ~ ~ ~~?'Z~ I I
"= ~~~ ---...
~f\JlGf·
•.;
0.4
G:
{) _\

0.2 r-
"-
~-
-. T-
r,
,.----=----
r,_, _ = r,+r/2
L,.
Ap
-
= L+t/2
L,t
-
~~
)
;;::;::::::: --------- r--
-
0.1 -
() I I ,,
() 0.2 0..+ O.o O.X 1.2 !..+ l.tl I.X
<=:[-VJ.i.h//.:4.
':-- c • p
) 11 ~

Convection heat transfer Qconv = hAs (T, - Tx) (W)

Radiation heat transfer Qconv -- &4s (J (T4s - T4surr )

()=Stefan- Holtzman constant (5.67 x 10- 8 W/m 2 • K 4 )

Rate of heat transfer . ~T- ~T,
Q = UA,~~m· where ~~ = 1
"
· m ln(~7~/ ~T2 )

Heat transfer coefficient formula

between without scale and with 1 1 1 1 1
-=--=--=R=-+R + - -
scale formation UA UA U AS
hA wall h A I 1 0 0 I l 0 0

Reynolds number Re = VL = pvL

v Jl

Rayleigh number fJ(T' - T"' )L3c Pr

Ra = g 7
v-
Biot number for sphere Bi = hro
k
Fourier number at
r = -2
ro
e =To -TcfJ =A e-~r
0 l
T -T I x;

T(r)-T"' A --t'r sin(~r!rJ

= le '
T, - T"' A1r I ro

6
 MDB3033

I Average Nusselt number relations for fluid flow over a cylinder

~

Cross-section
of the cylinder Fluid Range of Re Nusselt number I

Circle 0.4-4 Nu !:!: 0.989Re 0 ·330 Prl/3

4-40 Nu = 0. 911 Re 0 · 38 ~· Prll3

0 t Gas or
f)
40-4000 Nu = 0.683Re 0 ·.t6 6 Pr 113
liquid
4000-40,000 Nu !:!: 0.193Re 0 ·6JB Prl/3
! 40,000-400,000 Nu = 0.027Re 0 ·805 Pr 113

r-
i
L __
I Combined:iVu=hL =(0.037Rc~x~871)Pr 1 J for 0.6:=:::Pr:=:::60. 5xl0' :=:::Re :=:::10 1
7

L _k_ _~---------------------1
~~r~~l~t:J~y~~~~selt number for natural convection over~ylinder haft surface
1·

0 Ra, s 10'- Nu =
0387 Ra~"'
Oo- - - - - - - - = - - - - l
1
,

l___c= .· ~;:i~if C) ~ <11.559/Pn"'l"" J

1

" ( II

F!.:i-.'P ~\·a;/ :, :(u :!c.~-::_.. Spnc:r~

Bl ,, A, ·'-1 A, .\, A,
0.01 0.0998 1.0017 0.1412 1.0025 0.1730 1.0030
0.02 0.1410 1.0033 0.1995 1.0050 0.2445 10060
0.04 0.1987 1.0066 0.2814 1.0099 0.3450 1.0120
D.06 D.2425 1.0098 0.3438 1.0148 0.4217 1.0179
0.08 0.2791 1.0130 0.3960 1.0197 0.4860 1.0239
0.1 0.3111 1.0161 0.4417 1.0246 0.5423 1.0298
0.2 0.4328 1.0311 0.6170 1.0483 0. 7593 1.0592
0.3 0.5218 1.0450 0.7465 1.0712 0.9208 1.0880
0.4 0.5932 1.0580 0.8516 1.0931 1.0528 1.1164
0.5 0.6533 1.0701 0.9408 1.1143 1.1656 1.1441
0.6 0.7051 1.0814 1.0184 1.1345 1.2644 1.1713
0.7 0.7506 1.0918 1.0873 1.1539 1.3525 1.1978
0.8 0.7910 1.1016 1.1490 1.1724 1.4320 1.2236
0.9 0.8274 1.1107 1.2048 1.1902 1.5044 1.2488
1.0 0.8603 1.1191 1.2558 1.2071 1. 5708 1.2732
2.0 1.0769 1.1785 1.5995 1.3384 2.0288 1.4 793
3.0 1.1925 1.2102 1. 7887 1.4191 2.2889 1.6227
4.0 1.2646 1.2287 1.9081 1.4698 2.4556 1.7202
5.0 1.3138 1.2403 1.9898 1.5029 2.5704 1.7870
6.0 1.3496 1.2479 2.0490 1.5253 2.6537 1.8338
7.0 1.3766 1.2532 2.0937 1.5411 2. 7165 1.8673
8.0 1.3978 1.2570 2.1286 1.5526 2. 7654 1.8920
9.0 1.4149 1.2598 2.1566 1.5611 2.8044 1.9106
10.0 1.4289 1.2620 2.1795 1.5677 2.8363 1.9249
20.0 1.4961 1.2699 2.2880 1.5919 2.9857 1.9781
30.0 1.5202 1.2717 2.3261 1.5973 3 0372 1.9898
40.0 1.5325 1.2723 2.3455 1.5993 3.0632 1.9942
50.0 1.5400 1.2727 2.3572 1.6002 3.0788 1.9962
100.0 1.5552 1.2731 2.3809 1.6015 3.1102 1.9990
X 1.5708 1.2732 2.4048 1.6021 3.1416 2.0000

7
 MDB3033

Properties of air at 1 atm pressure

Temperature Density Specific Thermal Kinematic Prandtl

oc p, kg/m 3 Heat(~ Conductivity, -viscosity, Number,
Jik..,g_.°C k,WI~ v, m 2/s Pr
0 1.292 1006 0.02364 1.338 X 10-5 0.7362
5 1.269 1006 0.02401 1.382 X 10- 5 0.7350
10 1.246 1006 0.02439 1.426 x 10-5 0.7336
15 1.225 1007 0.02476 1.470 X 10-5 0.7323
20 1.204 1007 0.02514 1.516 X 10-5 0.7309
25 1.184 1007 0.02551 1.562 X 10-s 0.7296
30 1.164 1007 0.02588 1.608 X 10- 5 0.7282
35 1.145 1007 0.02625 1.655 x 10- 5 0.7268
40 1.127 1007 0.02662 1.702 X 10-5 0.7255
45 1.109 1007 0.02699 1.750 X 10-5 0.7241
50 1.092 1007 0.02735 1.798 X 10-5 0.7228
60 1.059 1007 0.02808 1.896 X 10-5 0.7202
70 1.028 1007 0.02881 1.995 X 10-5 0.7177
80 0.9994 1008 0.02953 2.097 x 10-5 0.7154
90 0.9718 1008 0.03024 2.201 x 10-5 0.7132
100 0.9458 1009 0.03095 2.306 x 10- 5 0.7111
120 0.8977 1011 0.03235 2.522 X 10-5 0.7373
140 0.8542 1013 0.03374 2.745x to-) 0.7041