TEST 2

Part A. LISTENING
Part 1: You will hear two people talking about an advertisement about volunteers. Listen and
complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer.
Volunteer Schemes
- Scheme 1: Volunteers work in an office, helping with maintaining database of members
- Scheme 2: Volunteers help with raising money, 1. running events and sending out letters
- Scheme 3: Volunteers help old people with different things, (e.g. doing the shopping for them, but not
dealing with 2. medication)
Application process
With the application, a CV and the names of 3. two referees are needed.
Volunteers have an induction course which lasts 4. some mornings.
The application can be completed and submitted online.
The minimum volunteering hours per week is 5. two.
Part 2: You will hear an interview with Paul Hanks, a member of The International Fair Trade
Association. For questions 1-5, choose the answer A, B, C or D, which fits best according to what you
hear.
6. Paul Hanks states that the basic aim of Fair Trade is to
A. marginalise small producers in developing countries.
B. make ends meet.
C. exploit international marketeers.
D. safeguard the welfare of small producers.
7. Paul Hanks clearly believes that Fair Trade
A. does away with inequalities between rich and developing nations.
B. assists in making small producers economically autonomous and stable.
C. determines the fickle nature of demand and supply.
D. receives a premium from small producers.
8. What must farmers do to get Fair Trade certification?
A. meet preconditions
B. accumulate capital
C. own processing plants
D. finance community projects
9. Paul Hanks states that
A. none of the families whose children work want to send them to school.
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 B. children may work hard but they receive good pay for the work they do.
C. the Fair Trade movement takes measures to fight child labour.
D. certified farmers are not obliged to send their children to school if they don't want to.
10. What is true of Fair Trade produce?
A. It has a large market share.
B. It is limited in variety.
C. It accounts for 70 per cent of the market.
D. It is easily distinguished by the Fair Trade label.
Part 3: You will hear a journalist talking about alphabetism, which he calls a new type of
discrimination. As you listen, complete the notes for questions 11 – 20.Write your answers in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
Types of discrimination mentioned: racism; sexism; 11. ; alphabetism Alphabetism = discrimination against
those whose surnames begin with a letter in the 12. of the alphabet.
Number of US Presidents before George W Bush whose names began:
with a letter in the first half of the alphabet 13.
with a letter in the second half of the alphabet 14.
Other groups of people who illustrate the same phenomenon include the world’s top three 15. and the five
richest men in the world.
Children whose names are at the beginning of the alphabet are made to sit at the 16. of the class in infant
school and so get 17. from the teacher.
Lists of people at graduation ceremonies, for job interviews, etc. are usually drawn up in alphabetic order
and by the end the audience, interviewers, etc. have 18. .
What can women do to change this? 19. .
One consolation for those whose names begin with a letter in the ‘wrong’ half of the alphabet is that such
people are better at 20. .
Part 4: You will hear a talk about one of the seven natural wonders. Listen and decide if the statements
are true or false. Write T (for True) or F (for False).
21. Cairns has the fifth busiest airport in the southern hemisphere. F
22. Great Adventures is the name of a travel company. T
23. Green Island is 6,000 years old. T
24. It takes 45 minutes to fly to Green Island from Cairns. F
25. You are only allowed to go to the pontoon once. F

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Part B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
V. For questions 26 – 45, choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.
26. There is a great deal of pressure in the newspaper industry, editors might work a 12-hour day with no
__________.
A. come-down B. letdown C. let-up D. crackdown
27. I’ve got such a __________ headache that I can’t concentrate on the lecture.
A. beating B. drumming C. hammering D. throbbing
28. I have no idea whether the restaurant will be open – we’ll just have to take pot __________.
A. choice B. chance C. luck D. fortune
29. I had an amazingly __________ dream last night. I was flying and I could see the whole football field
from a bird’s eye view.
A. dull B. logical C. incoherent D. lucid
30. “At least give this supplement a try. My sister _________ it. It will help you sleep better,” said Lucy to
her roommate.
A. gets by B. drops by C. swears by D. stands by
31. The government stopped the local companies from importing fake milk powder ________ of public
health.
A. in the interest B. to the best C. for the attention D. on the safe side
32. The threat of a general strike can only be __________ through government intervention.
A. averted B. converted C. subverted D. diverted
33. It isn’t easy to make friends with him, he puts up a __________ between himself and other people.
A. barrier B. barricade C. border D. boundary
34. That little man goes unnoticed in the street, but he __________ immense power.
A. swings B. handles C. wields D. practices
35. Space travel would not be possible without the right source of __________ , which currently still comes
from chemical fuel.
A. propulsion B. emulsion C. compulsion D. expulsion
36. The lecture was rather boring, but the ___________ discussion proved fruitful.
A. subsequent B. latter C. consecutive D. successive
37. The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been ___________ from generation to
generation.
A. handed over B. handed down C. handed across D. handed out
38. By an unfortunate ___________, the bride’s sister was not invited to the wedding.
A. insult B. oversight C. neglect D. disregard
39. __________ a fire, hotel guests are asked to remain calm.
A. As a result of B. In the event of C. By reason of D. In the time of
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40. Too many hotels have been built and this has ___________ down prices, making holidays cheaper.
A. forced B. cut C. slowed D. reduced
41. She can’t be interested in the lessons, ___________ that she always arrives late.
A. viewing B. seeing C. noting D. judging
42. The lecture __________ from prehistory to modern times and gave the audience much to think about.
A. covered B. included C. ranged D. dealt
43. It’s a foregone ___________ that he’ll be top of the class again.
A. concept B. proposal C. conclusion D. prediction
44. But ___________ some countries have ruined their agriculture, squandering money on uneconomic
factories, the Ivory Coast has stuck to what it is good at.
A. after B. during C. when D. while
45. No one really knows who composed this piece of music, but it has been ___________ to Bach.
A. identified B. associated C. referred D. attributed
VI. The passage below contains 10 errors in spelling, grammar, or word form. For questions 46 - 55,
underline the errors and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes in the answer-
sheet.
Lines
1. The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to
2. read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and
3. at a speak. In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at
4. level adequate for communication, or at a level that enables one to
5. successfully comprehend and communicate in printing society.
6. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization
7. (UNESCO) has drafted the following definition: “Literacy
8. is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate
9. and compute, using printed and written materials associated with
10. continuum varying contexts. Literacy involves a continua of learning to enable
11. an individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his or her ability
12. and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society.”
13. Many policy analysts consider literacy rates a crucial measure of a
14. region’s, made region human capital. This claim is done on the grounds that literate
15. people can be trained less expensively than illiterate people, generally
16. status have a higher socio-economic state and enjoy better health and
17. employment prospects. Policy makers also argue that literacy increases
18. access to job opportunities and access higher education. In Kerala, India, for

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19. example, female and child mortality rates declined in the 1960s, when
20. educated girls educating in the education reforms after 1948 began to
21. raise families. Recent researchers, however, argue that correlations
22. such as the one listed above may have more to do without the effects of
23. of schooling rather than literacy in general. Regardless, the demand for
24. includes educational systems worldwide include a basic context around
25. test communication through text and print, which is the foundation of most
26. definitions of literacy.

VII. For questions 56 - 65, complete each sentence with the correct form of a phrasal verb in the box.
Use each ONCE only. There are two extra phrasal verbs which you do not need to use.

drop out pull out fall out put forward pull up own up fly at
make up go off stand up to be over get down

56. None of the children would ______________ to breaking the window.

57. She decided to ______________ of the weight lifting competition because she sprained her wrist.
58. The Prime Minister will ______________ a new plan to reduce the budget deficit.
59. She ______________ of university in the second year because it was too stressful.
60. When you are a student you must ______________ to studying during exam time. If you don't concentrate hard
you will fail.
61. I wish you wouldn’t ______________ me like that every time I make a mistake.
62. The piece of equipment is very well made and ______________ the roughest treatment. You won’t have
any trouble with it.
63. I am not friends with Beck any more. We have ______________.
64. I knew I ______________ the hill when I started needing glasses to read.
65. My son has ______________ computer games. They are not as interesting as before.

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VIII. For questions 66 - 75, read the text below. Use the word given in capital at the end of each line to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

For many people Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) is the most (0) ……. 0. influential
figure in the history of western classical music. His (66) ______________
talent was already clearly evident as a young man, (67) 66. ORDINARY
________________ surviving a somewhat (68) ______________ 67. MERCY
upbringing during which his eccentric father would often force him to take 68. CONVENTION
music lessons in the middle of the night.
The young Beethoven's ability won him the admiration of the leading
contemporary musical figures. Throughout the 1790s he worked hard to
secure the interest of wealthy patrons. Such (69) ______________ enabled 69. PATRONISE
him to concentrate on becoming a successful composer.
Whatever his awe-inspiring musical (70) ______________, however, 70. ACHIEVE
his personal life was something of a disaster. His day-to-day relationships with
people (71) ______________ turned out to be rather (72) ______________. 71. VARY
Although he apparently fell in love with a number of society women, the 72. TURBULENCE
identity of the girl who lay closest to his heart remains
(73)______________ to this day. 73. ELUDE
However, just at the point when Beethoven was beginning to reap the rewards
of his early endeavours, he had to come to terms with the (74)______________ 74. CRUSH
realisation that his increasing deafness was (75) ______________ . From that 75. CURE
point on, his music displayed a striking change in style, becoming both
heavier in tone and larger in scale.

PART C: READING COMPREHENSION

IX. For questions 76 - 85, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.

I suffer from a debilitating condition called “procrastination” – the ability to put off endlessly the
things I have to do. Each morning when I wake up, my mind launches into its own decision-making
(76)________. Shall I get up or shall I press the snooze button? By the time I get to what I should wear, the
complexity of the decision would need an advisory committee to solve it. I’m ready hours behind
(77)________, and I haven’t even eaten my breakfast yet.

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 I have always been a procrastinator. I’m tortured by menus and holiday brochures, paint colour
(78)________ and satellite television. So much so that I decided to invest in a new book on the subject,
which (79) ________ it could treat my condition. According to the book, I should identify my weaknesses,
then become more productive and develop priorities that (80) ________ my personal goals.

My problem, I am told, is that I put off doing something because I (81) ________ the outcome. But
even filling in a tax form is rarely as dreadful as we think. Apparently, each day I should think of something
I don’t want to do, stick to it, then use a kitchen timer to (82) ________ how long it actually took. If I still
can’t (83) ________ the task, I should visualize newspaper headlines (84) ________ my achievement.

So when do I start my new (85) ________? That’s the big problem. I just can’t decide.

76. A. course B. process C. development D. case

77. A. timetable B. schedule C. programme D. communication
78. A. maps B. diagrams C. graphs D. charts
79. A. claimed B. demanded C. challenged D. pretended
80. A. exhibit B. imitate C. display D. reflect
81. A. expect B. fear C. worry D. panic
82. A. establish B. authorise C. secure D. institute
83. A. head B. back C. shoulder D. face
84. A. announcing B. notifying C. informing D. stating
85. A. structure B. control C. regime D. management

X. For questions 86 - 95, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only
ONE word in each gap.

Football is traditionally a man’s sport, but now the women are muscling in on their act, or so it seems.
So many top male footballers have been transferred (86) ______________ astronomical sums of money that
the game has become more a high-powered business than a sport. This is (87) ______________ the women
come in, more motivated, more interested in the game rather than in promoting themselves and generally
better behaved both (88) ______________ and off the pitch, (89) ______________ a strong contrast to (90)
______________ male counterparts’ greed and cynicism. Indeed, according to FIFA, the world football
governing body, the future of football belongs to women, and the organization has (91)______________ out
to actively promote women’s football. Perhaps, in (92) ______________ of the fact that women are half the
world population, this is how it should be. In the USA, many members of national women’s football teams
are better known than male footballers, and some professional female players in both North America and
Europe have attracted lucrative sponsorship deals. Generally, two problems beset women’s football: the
need to be taken more seriously and for more funding to be made available. (93) ______________ these
have been achieved (94) ______________ with the blessing of FIFA, we should see footballers who are

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accessible, cooperative, decent and supporting in (95)______________ of the spoiled mercenary star boys of
sport.

XI. For question 96 – 105, read the passage and answer all of the questions about them.
The Underground Railroad
Slavery was legal for over 200 years in some parts of North America, particularly the southern states of
the United States, where the plantation system of agriculture depended on the labor of slaves, most of whom
came from Africa. Slaves had no rights or freedoms because they were thought of as property. From the time
of its origin, slavery had opponents. The abolitionist movement began in the 1600s when the Quakers in
Pennsylvania objected to slavery on moral grounds and wanted to abolish the institution.
In 1793, Canada passed a law abolishing slavery and declared that any escaped slaves who came to
Canada would be free citizens. Slavery was already illegal in most northern states; however, slaves captured
there by slave hunters could be returned to slavery in the South. Canada refused to return runaway slaves or
to allow American slave hunters into the country. It is estimated that more than 30,000 runaway slaves
immigrated to Canada and settled in the Great Lakes region between 1830 and 1865.
The American antislavery movement was at the height of its activity during the 1800’s, when
abolitionists developed the Underground Railroad, a loosely organized system whereby runaway slaves were
passed from safe house to safe house as they fled northwards to free states or Canada. The term was first
used in the 1830s and came from an Ohio clergyman who said, “They who took passage on it disappeared
from public view as if they had really gone to ground.” Because the Underground Railroad was so secret,
few records exist that would reveal the true number of people who traveled it to freedom. The most
active routes on the railroad were in Ohio, Indiana, and western Pennsylvania.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of 16
and 35. The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in steamers
and on rafts. They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each night, using
the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. Boys disguised themselves as girls,
and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by walking in a funeral
procession from Kentucky to Ohio.
The “railroad” developed its own language. The “trains” were the large farm wagons that could conceal
and carry a number of people. The “tracks” were the backcountry roads that were used to elude the slave
hunters. The “stations” were the homes and hiding places where the slaves were fed and cared for as they
moved north. The “agents” were the people who planned the escape routes. The “conductors” were the
fearless men and women who led the slaves toward freedom. The “passengers” were the slaves who dared to
run away and break for liberty. Passengers paid no fare and conductors received no pay.

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 The most daring conductor was Harriet Tubman, a former slave who dedicated her life to helping other
runaways. Tubman made 19 trips into the South to guide 300 relatives, friends, and strangers to freedom.
She was wanted dead or alive in the South, but she was never captured and never lost a passenger. A
determined worker, she carried a gun for protection and a supply of drugs to quiet the crying babies in her
rescue parties.
A number of white people joined the effort, including Indiana banker Levi Coffin and his wife Catherine,
who hid runaway in their home, a “station” conveniently located on three main escape routes to Canada.
People could be hidden there for several weeks, recovering their strength and waiting until it was safe to
continue on their journey. Levi Coffin was called the “president of the Underground Railroad” because he
helped as many as 3,000 slaves to escape.
The people who worked on the railroad were breaking the law. Although the escape network was never as
successful or as well organized as Southerners thought, the few thousand slaves who made their way to
freedom in this way each year had a symbolic significance out of proportion to their actual numbers. The
Underground Railroad continued operating until slavery in the United States was finally abolished in 1865.
96. Why did thousands of runaway slaves immigrate to Canada?
A. They preferred the climate of the Great Lakes region.
B. Working conditions for slaves were better in Canada.
C. Canada had no laws restricting immigration.
D. Former slaves could live as free citizens in Canada.
97. The phrase The term in paragraph 3 refer to _________.
A. antislavery movement B. abolitionist
C. Underground Railroad D. free state
98. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph
3? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The Underground Railroad kept secret records in which all of the passengers and trips were
documented.
B. Few people understood why the Underground Railroad would not reveal how many people chose to
travel in this way.
C. The Underground Railroad’s records were not accurate, so the true number of travelers is difficult to
estimate.
D. We do not know exactly how many slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad because it was a
secret organization.
99. The word fugitives in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ________.
A. leaders B. old men C. runaways D. brave ones
100. All of the following are mentioned as methods of escape on the Underground Railroad EXCEPT
________.
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 A. hiding in a hay wagon B. wearing a disguise
C. finding in a railcar D. walking in a procession
101. The author discusses the language of the Underground Railroad in paragraph 5 in order to ________.
A. trace the history of American English words
B. illustrate the secret nature of the escape network
C. point out that some words have more than one meaning
D. compare the Underground Railroad to other railways
102. Which of the following statements is true about passengers on the Underground Railroad?
A. Their destination was in the northern states or Canada.
B They were not allowed to make stops during the journey.
C. Their babies were disguised to look like baggage.
D. They paid the conductors at the end of the journey.
103. Why was Harriet Tubman wanted dead or alive in the South?
A. She was a criminal who carried a gun and sold drugs.
B. She refused to return the runaway slaves that she captured.
C. She was an escaped slave who led others to freedom.
D. She became the president of the Underground Railroad.
104. It can be inferred from paragraph 8 that the author most likely believes which of the following about
the Underground Railroad?
A. The people who worked on the railroad should have been arrested.
B. The railroad was unsuccessful because it could not help every slave.
C. Southerners did not know about the railroad until after it closed.
D. The railroad represented a psychological victory for abolitionists.
105. Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D which indicate where the following
sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?
Women and children also escaped, but they were more easily captured.
Runaway slaves usually traveled alone or in small groups. Most were young men between the ages of
16 and 35. A The fugitives hid in wagons under loads of hay or potatoes, or in furniture and boxes in
steamers and on rafts. B They traveled on foot through swamps and woods, moving only a few miles each
night, using the North Star as a compass. Sometimes they moved in broad daylight. C Boys disguised
themselves as girls, and girls dressed as boys. In one well-known incident, twenty-eight slaves escaped by
walking in a funeral procession from Kentucky to Ohio. D
XIII. Use the word given in brackets and make any necessary additions to write a new sentence in
such a way that it is as similar as possible in meaning to the original sentence. Do NOT change the
form of the given word. You must use between THREE and EIGHT words, including the word given.
106. The news of the merger came as a complete surprise to the workers. (aback)
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 The workers were completely taken aback by the news of the merger.
107. Everybody in the audience stood to applaud the actor's performance. (standing)
The actor was given a standing ovation for his performance.
108. Would it be possible to speak to you in private for a moment? (having)
Is there any possibility of me having a word with you?
109. What explanation can we offer for this sudden drop in temperature? (account)
How can we account for the situation that temperature has suddenly dropped?
110. There is a remarkable similarity in how the two sisters dress. (alike)
The two sisters are remarkably alike in the way they dress.

XIV. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word
given. Do not change the word given.
111. I used to find computers difficult before I started taking these lessons.
 Since I started taking these lessons, I haven’t found computers so difficult.
112. Government guidelines really do emphasize the importance of starting education early.
 A lot of emphasis on the importance of staring education early is put by the government
guidelines.
113. He doesn’t shop there anymore because that store sells clothes made by child labour in foreign factory.
 He doesn’t shop there anymore on account of the fact that that store sells clothes made by child
labour in foreign factory.
114. My brother and I have the same liking for junk food.
 My brother likes junk food just as much as I do.
115. The moment I saw the dirty state of the restaurant kitchen, I no longer felt hungry.
 I lost my appetite as soon as I saw the dirty state of the restaurant kitchen.

THE END

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