Literacy and Numeracy

Education NKRA Lab

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY

Any use of this material without specific permission is strictly prohibited
Introduction to Literacy and Numeracy sub-NKRA

NKRA – Widening access to quality and affordable education

NKPI 3.2:
Every child* will be able to acquire basic
literacy and numeracy skills after 3 years
of mainstream primary education by the
end of 2012.

*For the special needs students - defined as students with

learning disabilities, hearing impaired, speech impaired,
visually impaired, mentally retarded, multiple disabilities and
physically disabled, a special literacy and numeracy curriculum
has been designed.

CONFIDENTIAL 1
Rationale why Literacy and Numeracy was chosen as a sub-NKRA/NKPI

Literacy and numeracy are basic skills needed to prepare

students for the next level of education

Literacy and numeracy skills are implicit in the basic right to

education

A sizable population of students in Malaysia still do not have

basic literacy and numeracy skills

▪ 54,000 Year 1 students without basic literacy skills from KIA2M

in 2008

▪ 117,000 Year 4 students without basic numeracy skills from

PROTIM in 2008

To eradicate drop-out rate due to inability to cope in mainstream

education
The drop-out rate for Malaysia was 31,939 in 2008 (primary and
secondary levels)

CONFIDENTIAL 2
Current National Literacy and Numeracy Standards

Number of students who have not Number of Year 4 students who

reached targeted literacy standards have not reached targeted
by end of Year 1 (% in brackets) numeracy standards (% in brackets)

117,024
(24%)

100,000 100,000

80,000 80,000
50,253 51,486 54,272
60,000 (11%) (10%) (13%) 60,000

40,000 40,000

20,000 PROTIM started

20,000
in 2008
0 0
2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

SOURCE: KIA2M for literacy rates and PROTIM for numeracy rates
CONFIDENTIAL 3
 Low illiteracy
We aspire to get almost 60,000 students to be literate by 2012 Medium illiteracy
High illiteracy

Number of Year 5 students without basic literacy skills in 2009

(Percentage of total students without literacy skills nationwide)
437(0.7%)
5,767(9.6%)

Perlis 5,022(8.4%)
3,402 (5.8%)
Kedah 115 ( 0.2%)
Kelantan
Pulau Pinang
2,151(3.6%)
3,999(6.7%) Perak
Sabah
W.P. Labuan
Terengganu

3,414(5.7%)
9,252(15.4%) 6829(11.4%)
Selangor Pahang
5,508(9.2%)
W.P. Kuala Lumpur 682 (1.1%)
W.P. Putrajaya
Negeri Sembilan Melaka
Sarawak
2,761(4.6%) Johor

Total No. Of
1,036(1.7%) 64 ( 0.1%) Students in PROTIM (2M)
9,511(15.9%) ~ 59,950

SOURCE: PROTIM Scores for 2M, 2009

CONFIDENTIAL 4
District with the Most Number of Illiterate Students for selected states

Number % of total illi-

of illiterate terate students
States District students in the state
Kuala Muda/Yan 870 22.0
Kedah Kota Setar 721 18.2
Kulim Bandar Bharu 709 17.9
PPD will need
Kuala Krai 446 19.4 to understand
Kelantan Tanah Merah/Jeli 672 19.1 the root causes
behind the low
Bachok 505 18.0 literacy rates in
Seremban 907 43.1 these districts
Negeri and come up
Jempol/Jelebu 477 22.7
Sembilan with a tailored
Port Dickson 310 14.7 intervention
strategy
Pasir Gudang 934 17.9
Johor Johor Bharu 895 17.1
Batu Pahat 739 14.1
Miri 807 11.4
Sarawak Kuching 743 10.5
Padawan 655 9.2

CONFIDENTIAL 5
What is LINUS Programme?

LINUS is an acronym for Literacy and Numeracy Screening

LINUS is a remedial programme designed to ensure

students acquire basic literacy (Bahasa Malaysia) and
numeracy skills at the end of 3 years of primary education

LINUS is targeted at students who have difficulties in 3Rs

i.e. Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic

CONFIDENTIAL 6
 Screening 1 (March)
Literacy Targets for 2010-2012
Screening 2 (June)

% Screening 3 (Sept)

97 99 100
100 91 93 95
87 88 90
80

60

40

20

0
2010 2011 2012

Initial Stage (Year 1) Programme Stabilises (Year 2) Year 3

▪ A moderate 3% increase from
87% in 2009 to 90% by the
end of 2010
▪ Expect larger improvements
and targeted to reach 95%
(5% increase) by the end
of 2011
▪ Expect all students to be able
to acquire literacy skills and to
reach the target of 100%
literate (5% increase) by the
end of 2012

CONFIDENTIAL 7
 Screening 1 (March)
Numeracy targets for 2010-2012
Screening 2 (June)
Screening 3 (Sept)
%
100
100 95 96 98
90 91 93
85
80 77

60

40

20

0
2010 2011 2012

Initial Stage (Year 1) Programme Stabilises (Year 2) Year 3

▪ 13% increase from 77% in
2009 to 90% by the end of
2010
▪ Significant jump expected as
numeracy skills required for
Year 1 is less complex
▪ Improvement and targeted to
reach 95% (5% increase) by
the end of 2011
▪ Expect all students to be able
to acquire numeracy skills and
reach the target of 100%
numerate (5% increase) by the
end of 2012

CONFIDENTIAL 8
Definition of Basic Literacy and Numeracy under LINUS programme
Basic Literacy
Ability to read, write and understand words, simple and complex sentences (using conjunctions) in Bahasa Malaysia and
apply such knowledge in learning and everyday communication
Skill Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Able to read, ▪ Minimum of 500 simple ▪ Minimum of 800 simple ▪ Minimum of 1000 simple
write and common words common words common words
understand ▪ Simple sentences ▪ Simple & compound sentences ▪ Simple & compound sentences
with conjunctions with conjunctions in short
paragraphs

Basic Numeracy
Ability to solve basic mathematical operations, understand the idea of simple mathematics and able to apply mathematical
skills in everyday life
Skill Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Read, write, count ▪ Numbers up to 50 ▪ Numbers up to 100 ▪ Numbers up to 1000

and arrange
(in order) whole
numbers
Basic Operations ▪ Basic facts for addition and ▪ Basic facts for addition and ▪ Basic facts for addition and
subtraction subtraction, multiplication subtraction, multiplication (for
(for 2, 5 & 10) and division 3,4,6,7,8 & 9) and division (for
(for 2, 5 & 10) 3,4,6,7,8 & 9)
Application ▪ Count money up to RM 10 ▪ Count money up to RM 50 ▪ Count money up to RM 100
▪ State time of day ▪ State time in hours on an ▪ State time in hours on an
▪ Measure length of objects in analogue clock analogue clock
relative units ▪ Measure length of objects in ▪ Measure length of objects in
correct units correct units (in cm only)
SOURCE: BPK 2009
CONFIDENTIAL 9
LINUS programme screening process

Year 1

Screening 1
(March)
No Yes
No
LINUS

Screening 2
(June)
Special
Yes Medical Yes
needs Main
students No Assessment No No stream
No education
LINUS

Screening 3
(September)
No Yes
No
LINUS

Year 2

CONFIDENTIAL 10
LINUS programme is different from previous efforts

1 Program will focus on early intervention (Year 1 – 3) for both literacy and
numeracy skills. Previous programs either only focused on literacy skills
(KIA2M) or only in Years 4-6 (Protim)

2 Reduced remedial teacher to student ratio to 1:15 from

currently 1 per school

3 Nurses in schools to identify students who require tailored special needs

programmes

4 Management and supervision is decentralised to District Education

Office & monitored by the School Inspectorates. Previously, this was done by
the MOE

5 Best performing teachers will now be allocated to Year 1 and 2

i.e., LINUS program. (Not just exam year, i.e. Year 6)

6 Professional support for LINUS teachers via dedicated facilitators

(FasiLINUS)

CONFIDENTIAL 11
We have identified several factors which will be critical to the success
of the LINUS programme

Success Factors

Remedial Teachers (1:15 students)

Establishment of FasiLINUS (1:20 schools)

Nurse in schools (1:700 students)

Enhancement of Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills through
In-service and pre-service training.
All schools must participate unconditionally in LINUS
Programme.

CONFIDENTIAL 12
Currently, we plan to increase the number of remedial teachers to ensure
sufficient coverage for students

From … … To

Under KIA2M Proposed under LINUS programme

Ratio of remedial teacher to Ratio of remedial teacher to

1:1 schools 1:15 students. This ratio allows for 1:4
ratio per session (4 sessions daily)

~7000 Remedial teachers currently Additional remedial teachers

+ 3,246 required for LINUS programme

1 teacher for 59 4 remedial teachers

Example:
students in Year 2 for 59 students in
SK Seri Permai
remedial classes LINUS
Gua Musang

CONFIDENTIAL 13
We plan to place nurses permanently in schools, to assess children with
disabilities and special learning needs
▪ Currently, nurses come to schools once annually to conduct normal
Current situation health check-up. Therefore, special needs children are not identified,
unless teachers refer these cases to the parents

▪ Plan to place nurses in schools, with the ratio of 1 nurse for every
Proposed solution 700 students
▪ Nurses will conduct the following work at the schools:
– Test eyesight, hearing and normal health check-up
– Nurse will monitor children identified as potential candidate for
special needs programme (e.g., dyslexia)
– Referrals to doctors for specific cases
– Other medical duties

▪ 2,100 new posts to be created

Implications
▪ RM 71.8 million emolument and RM13.6 million
equipment cost for 5 years

CONFIDENTIAL 14
We plan to enhance teachers’ pedagogical skills to ensure various
learning strategies for effective learning
▪ Currently, the number of teachers who are experts in teaching basic
Current situation literacy and numeracy are limited. Thus, we need to train teachers
various teaching styles and techniques to enhance students’ learning

▪ Plan to conduct professional training courses for LINUS and remedial

Proposed solution teachers in teaching literacy and numeracy
▪ Training should include:
– Incorporating various pedagogical methods
– Enhancing teaching skills using technology
– Providing a variety of teaching and learning resources
– Exposing to best practices in teaching basic literacy and numeracy
▪ Reengineering of in-service and pre service training
Implications

Findings from Nationwide Poll (2009) by TNS international research:

This solution needs a
▪ 69% of respondents suggested that improving teacher quality change of mindset among
should be a priority for the government
teacher trainers and
▪ 30% of respondents suggested that improving students’ outcomes in teachers
primary education should be a priority for the government

CONFIDENTIAL 15
We plan to establish at the PPD level, a group of FasiLINUS, who will play
a prominent role in ensuring success at the district level
▪ Good experienced teachers (jurulatih utama) who are based at each of the 154 PPDs
Who are they? ▪ About 884 new FasiLINUS required, with minimum of 4, and maximum of 12 per
PPD
▪ Ratio of roughly 1 FasiLINUS per 20 schools

What is their
▪ Advice state for deployment of remedial teachers
role? ▪ Dissemination of LINUS programme to Head Teachers and Teachers
▪ Coaching and mentoring of LINUS programme
▪ Capacity building of remedial teachers, other teachers, and schools administrators
▪ Helping schools prepare corrective action plans

Case study: Brazil (state)

Goal Approach Result

▪ Obtain 100% literacy by
2010, for ~300 thousand
children in 2500 schools
▪ Creating and preparing a
central and regional team to
visit and support all schools
▪ 1,500 central and regional
educational analysts trained
in supporting teachers
across 2,450 schools (1 to
1.6 schools)
▪ Jump in literacy rates from
25% to 75% in short span

CONFIDENTIAL 16
We need to ensure SJKC and SJKT students able to read and write in
Bahasa Malaysia

▪ There were 28,198 students (20081) from SJKC and SJKT who were
Current situation placed in Remove Classes in Form 1. These students were
considered weak in Bahasa Malaysia. At present, there is an
inadequate number of Bahasa Malaysia teachers and remedial
teachers in SJKC, especially Chinese teachers whose option is
Bahasa Malaysia

▪ Suitably qualified Bahasa Malaysia teachers will be provided by MOE

Proposed solution and accepted by these schools to fill the vacancies to teach this
subject in schools

▪ Bahasa Malaysia must be upheld as the national language in all

Implications schools, in parallel with emphasis on mother tongue languages
▪ Communication to school and public will be managed, emphasizing
the literacy and numeracy support offered to ensure acceptance by all
parties

1 Data as of June 2008: EPRD, MOE

SOURCE: Education Lab
CONFIDENTIAL 17
LINUS: Management & Administration
BPK ▪ Secretariat for LINUS Programme
MOE ▪ Development of LINUS Curriculum, T&L modules
BPG ▪ Teacher Training – In-service & Pre service, training modules
LPM ▪ Development of Screening Instrument
JNJK ▪ Development of Monitoring Instrument, Monitoring, Supervision & Assessment
▪ Deployment of Remedial teachers
BPKhas ▪ Special Education Needs
▪ Form cooperation with MOH, Welfare Department, JHEOA
BPSH ▪ School & LINUS Data Management, LINUS awareness programme/
road shows promotion materials – brochures, electronic media
▪ Deployment of Teachers
JPN
▪ Coordination of Monitoring, Supervision & Assessment Activities at State Level

▪ Implement FasiLINUS initiative

PPD ▪ Facilitate LINUS Programme (assist teachers, plan, monitor, supervise, assess LINUS
Programme)
▪ Implement LINUS Programme – LINUS teachers (Bahasa Malaysia & Mathematics);
School
▪ Build linkages with parents, community, NGOs
▪ Build smart partnerships with universities & private sector

1 Data as of June 2008: EPRD, MOE

SOURCE: Education Lab
CONFIDENTIAL 18
Delivery chain for LINUS programme
MOE
(NKRA)

BPK
Curriculum div

BPG LPM JNJK BPKhas BPSH

Training div Exam div Inspectorate Special ed. School div

▪ State education MOH

offices (SEO) Min. of Health
JHEOA
Dept. of Orang
Asli

▪ District Education
Dept. of
Offices (DEO)
Welfare
▪ FasiLINUS

▪ Parents Schools
▪ Community ▪ Head Teachers
▪ NGOs ▪ LINUS Teachers
▪ Universities ▪ Remedial Teachers
▪ Private sectors

CONFIDENTIAL 19
6 Strategies for the Implementation of LINUS Programme

Screening of Students
1
(Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3)

2 Development of Materials

Enhancement of Teachers
LINUS Programme 3
Pedagogical Skill
(Literacy and
Numeracy Screening)
Awareness Programmes for
4
Schools and Community

Monitoring, Supervision &

5
Evaluation

Establishment of
6
FasiLINUS

CONFIDENTIAL 20
Strategy 1: Screening for Students in Year 1, Year 2, and Year 3

Screening for students in Year 1 (2010) will be

conducted in March, June and September

Health screening to identify children with special needs

Students who do not achieve the screening target will

be placed in the LINUS Programme

Students who are identified with learning disabilities will

be channeled to special education classes

CONFIDENTIAL 21
Strategy 1 – Development of Screening Materials
Lead agency ▪ LPM
▪ Dr. Jamil Adimin

Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome

Development of screening instrument ▪ Instrument developed
▪ Instrument Year 1 ▪ Oct 22, 2009
▪ Instrument Year 2 ▪ May 1,2010
▪ Instrument Year 3 ▪ May 1, 2011
Quality control ▪ Instrument piloted
▪ Instrument Year 1 ▪ Nov 13, 2009
▪ Instrument Year 2 ▪ Jun 1, 2010
▪ Instrument Year 3 ▪ Jun 1, 2011
Validation ▪ Instrument validated
▪ Instrument Year 1 ▪ Dec 3, 2009
▪ Instrument Year 2 ▪ July 1, 2010
▪ Instrument Year 3 ▪ July 1, 2011
Printing & distribution of screening instrument ▪ Jan1 – 30,2010 ▪ Materials delivered to schools
Materials ▪ May 1- 31,2010
▪ Year 1 ▪ Aug 1-31, 2010
Printing & distribution of screening instrument ▪ Jan 1-30, 2011 ▪ Materials delivered to schools
Materials ▪ May1 - 31 2011
▪ Year 2 ▪ Aug 1-31, 2011
Printing & distribution of screening instrument ▪ Jan 1-31, 2012 ▪ Materials delivered to schools
Materials ▪ May 1-31, 2012
▪ Year 3 ▪ Aug 1-31, 2012
CONFIDENTIAL 22
Strategy 2: Development of Teaching & Learning Materials

Development of Learning Modules

Development of Teachers’ Guide

CONFIDENTIAL 23
Strategy 2 – Development of Teaching and Learning Materials
Lead agency ▪ BPK
▪ En. Mohd Fauzan Hamzah (Literacy)
▪ En. Mazlan bin Awi (Numeracy)
Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome
Development of teaching and learning modules
▪ Year 1 ▪ Oct 15, 2009 ▪ Modules developed
▪ Year 2 ▪ Aug 19,2010
▪ Year 3 ▪ May 1, 2011
Refinement of Modules
▪ Year 1 ▪ Oct 29, 2009 ▪ Modules piloted
▪ Year 2 ▪ Sep 9, 2010
▪ Year 3 ▪ Jun 1, 2011
Quality control
▪ Year 1 ▪ Nov 12, 2009 ▪ Modules validated
▪ Year 2 ▪ Oct 8, 2010
▪ Year 3 ▪ July 1, 2011
Printing & distribution of Modules
▪ Year 1 ▪ Modules delivered to schools
▪ Feb 28, 2010
Printing & distribution of Modules
▪ Year 2 ▪ Nov 30, 2010 ▪ Modules delivered to schools

Printing & distribution of Modules

▪ Year 3 ▪ Jan 31, 2012 ▪ Modules delivered to schools

CONFIDENTIAL 24
Strategy 3: Enhancement of Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills

In-service Training for Teachers

▪ LINUS programme
▪ Enhancement of Pedagogical Skills
▪ Insitu Training at Schools and District Levels

Pre service Training

• Revised of curriculum to include T&L of
literacy and numeracy

• Work shops on “Add On” Module

CONFIDENTIAL 25
Strategy 3 – Enhancement of Teachers’ Pedagogical Skills
Lead agency ▪ BPG (Development of Training Modules, In-service and Pre-service Teacher Training)
▪ En. Roomainoor Rabbu (Development of Training Modules & In-service Teacher Training)
▪ Dr. Kartini bt Baharom (Pre-service Teacher Training)
Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome
1. Development of Training Modules

▪ Development ▪ Oct 10, 2009 ▪ Training module

▪ Quality Control ▪ Nov 13, 2009 ▪ Training module piloted

▪ Validation ▪ Nov 19, 2009 ▪ Validated training module

2. In-service Teacher Training
▪ Training of trainers – National Level ▪ Nov 26, 2009 ▪ 60 teachers’ trained
▪ Training of trainers – State Level ▪ Dec 12, 2009 ▪ 800 teachers’ trained
▪ Discussions with State Education Offices ▪ Mac – Dec, 2010 ▪ Discussions (4 times)
▪ Teacher training
Phase 1 ▪ Jan 28, 2010
Phase 2 ▪ Feb 25, 2010 ▪ 16000 teachers’ trained
▪ Recordings of Best Practices in LINUS ▪ Aug, 2010 ▪ Recorded T&L Best Practices
▪ Feb, 2011
▪ Support Programmes (In-situ) ▪ May-Jun, 2010 ▪ 154 support programmes

2. Pre-service Teacher Training

• Revised of curriculum to include T&L of • May-June, 2010 • Revised curriculum
literacy and numeracy
• Work shops on “Add On” Module • May 31, 2010 • Number of work shops

CONFIDENTIAL 26
Strategy 4: Awareness Programme for Schools and Community

Dissemination of Information on LINUS

to Schools and Community

Dissemination of Brochures on LINUS

Programme to the Public

Promotion of LINUS Programme to the

Public
▪ Exhibitions
▪ Mass media (e.g.: Newspapers, Radio
& Television, Eduweb)
▪ Literacy & Numeracy Day in Schools

CONFIDENTIAL 27
Strategy 4 – Schools and Community Awareness Programme
Lead agency ▪ BPSH
▪ En. Bilezan Bahgdadi

Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome

1. Dissemination of Information on LINUS to
Schools and community
▪ Discourse with Head Teachers ▪ Jan 31,2010 ▪ 7,669 head teachers

▪ Discourse with PTA ▪ March 31,2010 ▪ 15,000 Head teachers

and parents
▪ Discourse with SEDs & DEOs ▪ Dec 2009-2012 ▪ 154 SEDs & DEOs

2. Dissemination of Brochures on LINUS

Programme to the Public
▪ Print & Distribute LINUS Brochures ▪ Jan 7, 2010 ▪ Brochures printed and
distributed

3. Promotion of LINUS Programme to the

Public
▪ Open house ▪ Dec 18, 2009 ▪ Well-informed public
▪ Literacy and numeracy day in schools ▪ Mac 31,2010 ▪ Well-informed public
▪ Publish information on LINUS programme ▪ Feb 28, 2010 ▪ Well-informed public
through newspapers, radio & television,
Eduweb)
CONFIDENTIAL 28
Strategy 5: Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation

Development of Monitoring Instrument

▪ Teaching and Learning Methodology
▪ Students Assessment
▪ Management of LINUS in School

Monitoring and Supervision

▪ Schools
▪ Teacher Training Institutes
Evaluation of LINUS Programme

▪ Evaluation Research

CONFIDENTIAL 29
Strategy 5 – Monitoring, Supervision and Evaluation (School Inspectorates)

Lead agency ▪ JNJK

▪ Pn. Dayang Rositer
Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome
1. Development of Monitoring Instrument
▪ Development Instrument and briefing on Data entry ▪ Feb 26, 2010 ▪ Instrument for monitoring
and analysis
▪ Briefings on Monitoring Process ▪ Apr 15, 2010 ▪ 150 MOE personnel
2. Monitoring and supervision
▪ Monitoring (8% of 8,000 Schools = 640 Schools) ▪ 640 schools
Phase 1 (6 zones) ▪ May 14, 2010
Phase 2 (6 zones) ▪ Sep 17, 2010
3. Evaluation of LINUS programme
▪ Workshops on Data Analysis on Screening & Monitoring
Phase 1 (6 zones)
▪ May 28, 2010 ▪ Analyzed Data
Phase 2 (6 zones)
▪ Sept 24, 2010
▪ Report Writing ▪ Monitoring report
Phase 1 ( 6 zones) ▪ Jun 5, 2010
Phase 2 (6 zones) ▪ Oct 8, 2010

CONFIDENTIAL 30
Strategy 6: Establishment of FasiLINUS

Teacher Deployment

FasiLINUS Capacity Building

Dissemination of LINUS to Head Teachers and

Teachers

Coaching and mentoring by FasiLINUS

Professional Support Action Plan

CONFIDENTIAL 31
Strategy 6 – Establishment of FasiLINUS
Lead ▪ PPD Seberang Perai Tengah: Tn Hj Khalid Ahmad
agency

Action Plan Target Date Output/outcome

▪ Special Task Force Meeting ▪ Nov 12,2009 ▪ Strategic plan on implementation of
▪ Jan 15, 2010 FasiLINUS
▪ Teacher Deployment to replace FasiLINUS ▪ Dec 31, 2009 ▪ 884 teachers
▪ Dec 31, 2010
▪ FasiLINUS Capacity Building ▪ Jan 31, 2010 ▪ 221 FasiLINUS trained
▪ Mac 30, 2010 ▪ 221 FasiLINUS trained
▪ Jun 30, 2010 ▪ 221 FasiLINUS trained
▪ Dec 31,2010 ▪ 221 FasiLINUS trained
▪ Dissemination of LINUS Programme to Head ▪ Feb 28, 2010 ▪ 23 000 Head teachers and teachers
Teachers and teachers

▪ Coaching and mentoring ▪ Apr-Dec, 2010 ▪ 15 338 LINUS teachers monitored

▪ Monitoring and supervision Screening Process 1, 2 & 3 ▪ Mac , Jun and ▪ Number of students for LINUS
Sept 2010-12 programme
▪ Management of Screening Data (Screening 1, 2 & 3) ▪ Mac-Apr ▪ Clean Data obtained
▪ Jun-July
▪ Aug-Sept
▪ 2010-12
▪ LINUS Audit Meeting with Head Teachers (1, 2 & 3) ▪ May 31, 2009 ▪ 7669 Head Teachers
▪ Aug 31, 2009
▪ Oct 30,2009
Professional Support Action Plan
▪ Teacher Capacity Building ▪ Apr-Dec,2010 ▪ 15 338 LINUS teachers trained

CONFIDENTIAL 32
Financial requirement for LINUS programme – submitted to EPU
Activities 2009 (RM) 2010 (RM) 2011 (RM) 2012 (RM)
Screening Instrument
Cohort 1 -
279,200.00 12,117,305.00 9,600,352.00
Cohort 2 4,233,755.00
- - 8,704,172.00
Cohort 3 4,704,172.00
- - -
Development of Learning & Training
Modules
Cohort 1 397,200.00 7,933,870.00 6,538,225.00 -
Cohort 2 - - 7,243,730.00 2,919,357.00
Cohort 3 - - - 3,243,730.00
Enhancement of
Teachers’ Pedagogical Skill
Cohort 1 776,200.00 9,579,780.00 8,085,400.00 8,085,400.00
Cohort 2 - - 7,961,846.00 3,961,400.00
Cohort 3 - - - 1,900,800.00
Awareness Programmes
for Parents and Community
Cohort 1 699,000.00 619,500.00 885,000.00 885,000.00
Cohort 2 - - 533,650.00 433,650.00
Cohort 3 - - - 270,000.00
Monitoring & Supervision
Assessment, Data Mgmt System
Cohort 1 391,600.00 1,749,545.00 3,309,300.00 2,309,300.00
Cohort 2 - - 1,138,325.00 1,131,557.00
Cohort 3 - - - 1,921,879.00

Total 2,543,200.00* 32,000,000.00* 54,000,000.00 36,000,000.00

Total RM 124,543,200.00
* Approved
CONFIDENTIAL 33
LINUS programme additional operational budget

Activities 2010 (RM) 2011 (RM) 2012 (RM) Priority

Establishment of 36,332,400 36,332,400 36,332,400 High

FasiLINUS (1:20 = 884)

Laptops for FasiLINUS – 4,420,000

one off (882 x 5,000)

Remedial Teachers 39,111,600 78,223,200 115,414,776 High

(1:15; 3,246 teachers)

Nurse in School 14,359,8671 28,719,734 43,079,601 Med

(420 nurses/year)

Health Equipment 2,713,000 2,713,000 2,713,000

(420 unit/year)

Total 96,936,867 145,988,334 197,539,777

1 Cadre Post for Nurses: Nurses attached in schools

SOURCE: Education lab
CONFIDENTIAL 34
Stakeholder engagement plan (1/2)
Stakeholder Engagement plan Responsibility Date
▪ Parents ▪ Promote LINUS programme during school activities. ▪ Head Teachers ▪ Jan-Mar
E.g. during Year 1 registration day, PTA General 2010
Meeting
▪ Engage parents to support literacy programmes
through various activities such as:
– Literacy Day
– Parent to child Reading Programme
– Recruit Volunteers to read & work with students
– Engage parents to contribute materials and
money to schools
– Make sure their children do their homework
– Make sure they talk to school/teachers about the
progress of their children
– Outreach programme - send teacher/officer to the
homes to solve truancy problem

▪ Teachers ▪ Disseminate information regarding LINUS ▪ Head Teachers ▪ Jan 2010

programme during the First Teachers’ Meeting
▪ Develop Buddy Support System and Team
Teaching (expert-novice teachers)
▪ Conduct Reflective Practice on Teaching

▪ Head teachers ▪ Hold dialogues among Teachers, Head Teachers, ▪ Head Teachers ▪ Jan 2010
FasiLINUS and Community
▪ Construct Strategic Plan for LINUS

▪ Politicians & ▪ Campaign for Literacy and Numeracy ▪ MOE

community leaders ▪ House to House Visitation Campaign
▪ Publicity through dialogue and mass/popular media
CONFIDENTIAL 35
Stakeholder engagement plan (2/2)
Stakeholder Engagement plan Responsibility Date
▪ Ministry of health ▪ Engage MOH to screen students’ health as early ▪ MOE
as aged 4 to identify learning disabilities
▪ MOE and MOH collaborate to screen students
beginning Year 1 in school
▪ MOE and MOH create a post of Nurse in School
to screen students periodically

▪ Welfare department ▪ Expedite the registration of children with ▪ MOE ▪ Jan 2010
disabilities as OKU (OKU Cards will be issued for ▪ Head Teachers
these children to receive benefits entitled for them)
▪ Work closely with schools to address drop-out
issues

▪ Universities ▪ Create linkages with universities to do research on ▪ MOE

illiteracy and adopting schools with LINUS
Programme

▪ NGOs & Private ▪ Encourage the NGOs and private sector to finance ▪ MOE
Sectors programmes and activities concerning LINUS as ▪ Head Teachers
part of their social resposibilities

CONFIDENTIAL 36
Appendix: Screening instrument – literacy
The instrument is developed based on the definition of literacy i.e. Ability to read, write
and understand words, simple and complex sentences (using conjunctions) in Bahasa
Malaysia and apply such knowledge in learning and everyday communication

Instrument Constructs
1. Ability to pronounce and write vocal and consonant alphabets
2. Ability to pronounce and write open and close ‘suku kata’
3. Ability to pronounce and write words of ‘suku kata terbuka dan tertutup’
4. Ability to pronounce and write words to distinguish between vowel of ‘e taling’,
‘e pepet’ and ‘o’
5. Ability to pronounce and write words containing ”suku kata tertutup ’ng’’
6. Ability to pronounce and write words containing dipthong and ‘vokal
berganding’
7. Ability to pronounce and write words containing “digraf ’ng’, ’ny’, ’sy’’
8. Ability to pronounce and write word with prefixes and suffixes
9. Ability to pronounce and write simple sentences
10. Ability to pronounce and write complex sentences
11. Ability to read and understand paragraphs
12. Ability to relay information in stimulus materials in oral and written form

CONFIDENTIAL 37
Appendix: Screening instrument – numeracy
The instrument is developed based on the definition of numeracyi.e. Ability to solve
basic mathematical operations and understand the idea of simple mathematics and able
to apply mathematical skills in everyday life

Instrument Constructs
1. Ability to recognise numbers in oral and written form
2. Ability to count
3. Ability to understand the value of numbers
4. Ability to arrange numbers in sequence
5. Ability to perform basic mathematical operations
6. Ability to recognise Malaysian currency
7. Ability to tell time
8. Ability to perform basic mathematical operations using Malaysian currency
9. Ability to measure length, mass and volume of objects
10. Ability to translate normal sentences into mathematical equation and vice versa
11. Ability to apply knowledge and skill of round number in everyday life
12. Ability to apply knowledge and skill which involve currency, time and
measurement in everyday life

CONFIDENTIAL 38
Teaching and Learning Module
Aim: To help teachers in LINUS teaching and learning process. At the end of Year 1,
students will be able to:

Modules
1. Write small and capital letters correctly
2. Read ‘suku kata terbuka dan tertutup’ correctly
3. Build and write ‘suku kata terbuka dan tertutup’ correctly
4. Read words containing ‘suku kata terbuka dan tertutup’ correctly
5. Write words containing ‘suku kata terbuka dan tertutup’ correctly
6. Read words containing “digraf’ and dipthong correctly
7. Write words containing digraf and dipthong correctly
8. Read words containing ‘vokal berganding’ and ‘konsonan bergabung’ correctly
9. Write words containing ‘vokal berganding’ and ‘konsonan bergabung’ correctly
10. Read words containing prefixes and suffixes correctly
11. Write words with prefixes and suffixes correctly
12. Read phrases correctly
13. Write phrases correctly
14. Read simple sentences clearly and with correct intonation
15. Build and write simple sentences correctly

CONFIDENTIAL 39
LINUS System Conceptual Framework to produce data and reports
Teachers’ Students’
Profile Profile
(EMIS) (SMM)

School
Profile NKRA
(EMIS) LINUS Database

PPD/JPN Report School Report

School Literacy Students’ Literacy

Performance Report NKRA Portal Performance Report
Students’ Screening
School Numeracy Form Students’ Numeracy
Performance Report (Literacy, Numeracy) Performance Report

Student Linus Teacher- Student

Screening History Linkage List

School Performance Student Linus

Progress Report Screening History
(Traffic Light) MOE Report

School/PPD/JPN Literacy School/PPD/JPN Numeracy Student Linus School/PPD/JPN

Performance Report Performance Report Screening History Performance Progress
Report (Traffic Light)

CONFIDENTIAL 40
Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (1 of 3)
Q1: What is LINUS?
A: LINUS is an acronym for Literacy and Numeracy Screening. LINUS is a remedial programme
designed to ensure students acquire basic literacy (Bahasa Malaysia) and numeracy skills at the
end of 3 years of primary education.

Q2: Who are the targeted students in the LINUS Programme?

A: LINUS is targeted at students in Year 1, 2 and 3 in primary schools who have difficulties in 3Rs i.e.
Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic.

Q3: When will the LINUS programme be implemented?

A: The LINUS programme will be implemented in 2010 in all government and government aided
primary schools?

Q4: Why must LINUS Programme focus on literacy only in Bahasa Malaysia (BM) instead of other languages?
A: Bahasa Malaysia is the national language of the country. Bahasa Malaysia is also the language of
unity. All Malaysian citizens must be able to read, write and communicate in the language to foster
understanding and unity in the spirit of 1Malaysia.

Q5: Will numeracy also be taught in BM?

A: No. Students will learn numeracy in the respective medium of instruction in the schools. E.g.: BM
in SK; Chinese language in Chinese schools and Tamil language in Tamil schools.

CONFIDENTIAL 41
Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (2 of 3)
Q6: How do schools identify students for the LINUS programme?
A: Students will undergo a screening process at school level. Students who do not meet the required
target will go through a medical assessment. A nurse will assess students’ learning ability and
refer them to a medical doctor to confirm their status.

Q7: How does a student in the LINUS programme consider to be literate and numerate?
A: A student is considered to be literate and numerate when he/she managed to achieve the target set
after the screening in the LINUS programme.

Q8: What are the targets set under the LINUS Programme for special needs children?
A: No targets has been set for special needs children. They will be channelled into special education
programme.

Q9: What is the difference between LINUS and previous intervention programmes on literacy and numeracy?

A : LINUS will focus on early intervention (Year 1 – 3) for both literacy and numeracy skills. Previous
programs either only focused on literacy skills (KIA2M) or only in Years 4-6 (PROTIM)

Q10: What are the indicators that measures students’ ability in reading, writing and arithmetic under the LINUS
programme?

A: Twelve constructs have been developed to assess the level of literacy and numeracy. The
achievement in each construct will determine the students’ ability in reading, writing and
arithmetic . Students have to successfully master the 12 constructs.

CONFIDENTIAL 42
Literacy and Numeracy FAQs (3 of 3)
Q11: What are the measures taken to ensure teachers are able to increase students’ literacy and numeracy
skills?

A. Teachers are taught the pedagogical skills in teaching the 3Rs during the preservice training. In-
service training is also provided to enhance teachers’ content knowledge and pedagogical skills.

Q12: What are other strategies to assist teachers in ensuring the success of LINUS?

A: One of the initiatives taken by the MOE is to establish FasiLINUS at the district level. FasiLINUS
are experienced teachers who act as facilitators to assist teachers in their teaching and learning
(T&L). They will coach teachers and also act as mentors to devise lessons, develop T&L materials,
and monitor teachers’ delivery. The FasiLINUS will also collect and analyse students’ achievement,
and work with teachers to designed alternative learning T&L modules.

Q13: How does the MOE ensure parents and community understand the purpose of the LINUS programme?

A: The MOE will disseminate information concerning the programme through various mechanism.
First, the head teachers will be informed about the programme. The head teachers will then share
the knowledge with parents through Parents Teachers Associations. The ministry will also hold
open houses for the public to explain about the program to ensure better understanding and
support among parents and community. In addition, publicity will be carried out using mass
media.

CONFIDENTIAL 43
 NKRA LAB TEAM
(LINUS)

NO NAME AGENCY
1 Dr. Naimah Ishak BPPDP
2 Dr. Amin Senin BPK
3 En. Zuhari Duhashim NKRA
4 Hj. Khairul Zaman Ishak BPK
5 Pn. Khatijah Yusof SK Jln Enam, Bdr. Baru Bangi
6 Cik Norliah Abdul Aziz BPPDP

CONFIDENTIAL 44
Stakeholders we have syndicated with
No NAME AGENCY ISSUES DISCUSSED

1 Dr. Lee Boon Hua BPK Teacher Training Module

En. Romai Noor bin Rabbu BPG Teaching & Learning Module
En. Mohd Faudzan bin Hamzah BPK
En. Aziz bin Naim
BPK (N)

2 En. Mat Kassim Malek BP Khas Remedial teacher

Pn. Zaleha bt. Osman BP Khas
Pn. Norzalina Nasir BP Khas
Ms. Mona Mourshed Consultant Global
Co-head of
Education
BPSM
BPSM
BPSM
3 Dr. Saidatul Norbaya bt. Buang MOH Nurse in school
Dr. Nik Rubiah bt. Nik Abdul
Rashid

4 En. Mohd Khir b. Omar JKM Welfare for special needs student

CONFIDENTIAL 45
Stakeholders we have syndicated with

No NAME AGENCY ISSUES DISCUSSED

5 Tn. Hj Khalid bin Ahmad PPD Seberang Perai Establishment of
Tengah FasiLINUS
En. Menteri bin Abdullah PPD Kota Setar,
Tn. Hj. Muhd Zahari bin Othman PPD Gua Musang,
Tn. Hj. Aminudin bin Adam PPD Johor Bahru
Dr. Hj. Mohd Kassim bin Mohd Ibrahim PPD Kota Kinabalu
En. Ahmad Shukree bin Hj. Doya PPD Raub

6 Dr. Haili bin Dolhan TKPPM (Dasar) Screening Instrument for

Dr. Jamil bin Adimin LPM Literacy and Numeracy
En. Ahmad bin Yusof LPM
En. Mohd Tamri bin Abd Halim, LPM
Pn. Safinat bt. Atan LPM
En. Shafiron bin Hashim LPM

7 Cik Dayang Rositer bt. Awang Ibrahim JNJK Monitoring , Supervision

En. Ishak bin Arif JNJK and Evaluation
- Monitoring Instrument

CONFIDENTIAL 46
Stakeholders we have syndicated with
No NAME AGENCY ISSUES DISCUSSED

8 En. Mohd. Khir Den BTP Video on NKRA (Preschool & LINUS)
En. Mahthir Mohmood
Pn. Yusniwati Mohd. Yusof
En. Mohd. Khairy Jamadi
En. Mohd. Hizwan Mohd. Noor
Pn. Zian Fazeha Saripin
En. Azmi Mohd. Yussof
9 Dr. Maria bt. Mansor BPG •Curriculum for Orang Asli and PENAN
Pn. Norliza Mohammad Basiron JHEOA • Development of Screening Instrument
En. Menteri bin Abdullah PPD
En. Mohd Suhaimi bin Yaidi PPD
Tn. Hj. Muhd Zahari bin Othman PPD
Hj. Misnan bin Mohd Damin PPD
En. Mohammad Azwan Iqbal bin Tahir PPD
En. Aslie bin Sahat PPD
En. Hairulizam bin Abd Rahman BPK
En. Mohd Ali Henipah bin Ali BPK

10 Dr. Azwan bin Abd Aziz BPPDP Data Collection Template for LINUS
En. Bilezan bin Baghdadi BPSH programme
Dr. Azlin Norhaini binti Mansor EPRD
En. Wan Azhan bin Wan Yaacop LPM
En. Hairunizam bin Hussein BPSH
11 En. Bilezan bin Baghdadi BPSH Road show for LINUS programme

CONFIDENTIAL 47