Question Bank – UNIT-1

1. Let x(n) be the sequence

x(n)=δ(n+1)-δ(n)+2δ(n-1)+3δ(n-2) which has a DTFT X (ejw) = XR (ejw)+jXI(ejw)
where XR (ejw) and XI(ejw) are the real part and the imaginary part of X (ejw) respectively.
Find the sequences y(n) that has a DTFT given by Y (ejw) = XI (ejw)+jXR(ejw). ej2w
2. Let x(n) be a sequence with a DTFT X (ejw). Find the DTFT of x (n)* x*(- n) in terms of
X (ejw).
3. Define the following terms as referred to LTI discrete time system:
i. Stability
ii. Causality
iii. Time invariance
iv. Linearity.
4. Determine whether the following system is
i.Linear
ii.Causal
iii. Stable
iv. Time invariant
y (n) = log10 |x (n)|. Justify your answer.
5. Show that X (ejw) is real and even if, x(n) is real and even.
6. Verify Parseval’s theorem for the DTFT i.e.
∞ 𝜋
2
1
𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑋(𝜔) 2 𝑑𝜔
2𝜋
𝑛=−∞ −𝜋
7. Find the convolution of the given two signals graphically
x(n)=u(n)-u(n-5) and h(n)=2[u(n)-u(n-3)]
8. Verify the result of question 7 by evaluating directly the convolution sum.
9. Consider a sequence x(n) of length L. Consider its DTFT Xd(w) is sampled and N is the
number of frequency samples. Discuss the relation between L and N for inverse DTFT =
inverse DFT. Comment on the aliasing problem
10. Determine the frequency response, magnitude response and phase response for the
3 1
system given by 𝑦 𝑛 − 4 𝑦 𝑛 − 1 + 8 𝑦 𝑛 − 2 = 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
11. A causal LTI system is described by the difference equation 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑦 𝑛 − 1 +
𝑦 𝑛 − 2 + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1), where x(n) is the input and y(n) is the output. Find
𝑌(𝑧)
i. The system function 𝐻 𝑧 = 𝑋(𝑧) for the system, plot the poles and zeroes of
H(z) and indicate the ROC
ii. The unit impulse response of the system
Is this system stable or not?
12. An LTI system is described by the equation
𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 0.81𝑥 𝑛 − 1 − 0.81𝑥 𝑛 − 2 − 0.45𝑦(𝑛 − 2). Determine the transfer
function of the system. Sketch the poles and zeroes on the z-plane.
13. Define stable and unstable systems. Test the condition for stability of the first order IIR
filter governed by the equation 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑏𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
14. Explain how the analysis of Discrete time invariant system can be obtained using
convolution properties of Z- transform
15. Determine the impulse response of the system described by the difference equation
𝑦 𝑛 − 3𝑦 𝑛 − 1 − 4𝑦 𝑛 − 2 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 2𝑥 𝑛 − 1 using Z transform
n
1
16. a) Test the stability of the system whose impulse response h(n)    u (n)
2
b) Determine if the following systems are time- invariant

(i) y (n)  x(n)  x(n  1) (ii) y ( n)  x (  n) (iii) y (n)  n.x(n)

17. Determine the impulse response of the causal system given below by finding the
homogeneous and particular solutions and discuss on stability

y (n)  y (n  1)  2 y (n  2)  x(n  1)  2 x(n  2)

18. Determine the particular solution of the difference equation

5 1
y ( n)  y (n  1)  y (n  2)  x(n) When the forcing function is
6 6
x ( n)  2 n u ( n)
19. Find the convolution sum of given signals

x1 (n)  2n u (n) & x2 (n)  u (n)

20. State and prove the circular time and frequency shift properties in DFT
21. Compute the circular convolution of the sequences x1 ( n)  1,2,0,1 and
x2 (n)  2,2,1 using DFT approach and verify using concentric circle method.
n 0  n  7
22. Given x( n)   Find X (k ) using DITFFT algorithm
0 otherwise
23. Draw the signal flow graph for 16-point DFT using DIT-FFT and DIF-FFT algorithms.

24. A digital filter that is implemented on a DSP chip is described by the linear constant
coefficient difference equation
3 1
y ( n)  y (n  1)  y (n  2)  x(n)
4 8
 Determine he response of the filter to the input x ( n)   ( n) for all n  0. The output
of the filter contains the effect of the initial conditions, which are y ( 1)  1 and
y (2)  1

25. Obtain the Direct form II realization of the LTI system governed by the equation

3 3 1
y ( n)  y (n  1)  y (n  2)  y (n  3)  x(n)  3x(n  1)  2 x(n  2)
8 32 64

26. a) With reference to Z-transform, state and prove Initial and Final value theorems

b) Determine the causal signal x(n) having the Z-transform

z2  z
X ( z)  2
 1  1
z   z  
 2  4
27. Consider an LTI system, initially at rest, described by the difference equation
1
y ( n)  y (n  2)  x(n)
4
a) Determine the impulse response of the system
b) What is the response of the system to the input signal

 1  n  1  n 
x(n)        u (n)
 2   2  
c) Determine the cascade and parallel structures for this system
d) Sketch roughly the magnitude response of this system
28. Find the complete response of the system described by the difference equation
19 1
𝑦 𝑛 + 12 𝑦 𝑛 − 1 − 12 𝑦 𝑛 − 2 = 𝑥 𝑛
Whose initial conditions are 𝑦 −1 = 𝑦 −2 = 1 when the input signal
𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢(𝑛)
b) Determine whether the following discrete – time systems are time – invariant or
not
(i) 𝑦 𝑛 = ln⁡ {𝑥 𝑛 }
(ii) 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)
 c) Check whether the following systems are causal or not
(i) 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑁−1𝑛=0 𝑥 𝑛
(ii) 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑛)

29. Obtain the Direct Form – II realization for the system described by the
difference equation
𝑦 𝑛 + 4𝑦 𝑛 − 1 + 2𝑦 𝑛 − 2 + 𝑦 𝑛 − 3 = 𝑥 𝑛 + 3𝑥 𝑛 − 1 + 4𝑥 𝑛 − 2 + 5𝑥(𝑛 − 3)
30. Find the constant coefficient difference equation,
1 𝑛
if the input to the system is 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 and
2
1 𝑛 1 𝑛
the output of the system is 𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑢 𝑛 +2 𝑢 𝑛
2 3
 Question Bank – UNIT-2

31. Distinguish between DFT and DTFT

32. Compute the DFT of x(n) = {1,0,0,0} and compare with Xd(w)
33. Define DFT of a sequence x(n). Obtain the relationship between DFT and DTFT
34. Consider a sequence x(n)={2,-1,1,1} and T = 0.5. Compute its DFT and compare it with
its DTFT
35. Compute DFT of the following finite length sequence considered to be of length N
i. 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝛿 𝑛 + 𝑛𝑂 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0 < 𝑛𝑂 < 𝑁
ii. 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 0 < 𝑎 < 1
36. If x(n) denotes a finite length sequence of length N, show that x((-n))N = x((N-n))N
37. If x(n) is a periodic sequence with a period N, also periodic with period 2N. X1(k) denotes
the discrete Fourier series coefficient of x(n) with period N and X2(k) denote the discrete
Fourier series coefficient of x(n) with period 2N. Determine X2(k) in terms of X1(k).
38. Let x(n) be real valued sequence with N-points and let X(k) represent its DFT, with real
and imaginary parts denoted by XR(k) and XI(k) respectively. So that X(k) = XR(k) + j
XI(k). Now show that if x(n) is real, XR(k) is even and XI(k) is odd
39. Compute the FFT of the sequence x(n)={1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}
40. Implement the DITFFT algorithm for N=16
41. How many non – trivial multiplications are required in DITFFT for N=16
42. Find the Discrete time Fourier coefficients for
2𝜋 2𝜋 6𝜋 8𝜋 𝜋
𝑥 𝑛 = 1 + sin 𝑛 +cos 𝑛 + 2cos 𝑛 + 3 sin 𝑛+
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 3
b) What is zero padding? Find the 8-point DFT for the given data sequence
𝑥 𝑛 = 1,2,3,4
c) Find the circular convolution of the given data sequences
𝑥 𝑛 = 1, 2,2, 1 ; 𝑦 𝑛 = 1, 1, 1 using matrix method and get the linear
convolution of the above two sequences from the result obtained above.

43. a) Explain the Radix 2 DIT FFT Algorithm in finding the N-point DFT of a
given sequence.
b) Calculate the N-point DFT of the given data sequence
𝑥 𝑛 = 2𝑛 and N = 8 Using DIF FFT algorithm
 Question Bank – UNIT-3

1. Design low pass Butterworth filter that has a 3-dB cutoff frequency of 1.5 kHz and an
attenuation of 40dB at 3 kHz. Also realize the designed filter
2. Describe digital IIR filter characterization in time domain.
(𝑠+0.1)
3. Convert analog filter with transfer function (𝑠+0.1)2 +9 into a digital IIR filter using Bilinear
𝜋
transformation. The digital filter should have a resonant frequency of 𝜔𝑟 = 4
4. If the specifications of analog low pass filter are to have a 1dB attenuation at cutoff
frequency of 1kHz and maximum stop band ripple 𝛿𝑆 = 0.01 for 𝑓 > 5𝑘𝐻𝑧, determine
required filter order
a) Butterworth
b) Chebyshev- I
c) Chebyshev - II
5. Determine the system function H(z) of the lowest order chebyshev digital filter that meets
following specifications
a) ½ dB ripple in the pass band 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.24𝜋
b) At least 50dB attenuation in the stop band 0.35𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
Use Impulse Invariant Method
6. Design a Digital low pass Butterworth filter using Impulse Invariant technique with
passband and stopband edge frequencies 200Hz and 500Hz respectively. The passband and
stopband attenuations are -5dB and -12dB respectively. The sampling frequency is 5000Hz
7. Explain Frequency warping in Bilinear Transformation technique.
 Question Bank – UNIT-4

1. What is an FIR filter? Compare an FIR with an IIR filter.

2. Discuss frequency sampling method for an FIR filter design
3. Describe the FIR filter characteristics in time domain
4. Determine the frequency response of a linear phase FIR filter given by
𝑦 𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎2 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 + 𝑎3 𝑥 𝑛 − 2 + 𝑎2 𝑥 𝑛 − 3 + 𝑎1 𝑥(𝑛 − 4)
5. Compare the frequency domain characteristics of different windows used in FIR filter
design
6. Use a rectangular and hanning windows to find fourth order linear phase FIR filter to
approximate ideal low pass filter 𝑒 −𝑗 2.5𝜔 for 𝜔 ≤ 1 and zero for 1 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
7. Design an ideal LPF whose frequency response
𝜋 𝜋
1, − ≤𝜔≤
𝐻𝑑 𝑒 𝑗𝜔 = 3 3
𝜋
0, 𝜋≥𝜔>
3
Using Bartlett window
i) Determine the impulse response for N = 9
ii) Determine H(Z)
 Question Bank – UNIT-5

1. Consider the signal x(n)=an u(n), |a|<1

a) Determine the spectrum of a signal
b) The signal is applied to an Interpolator that increases sampling rate by a factor by
‘2’. Determine its output spectrum
c) Show that the spectrum in the part (b) is simply fourier transform of x(n/2)
2. Consider a signal x(n)=u(n)
i) Obtain a signal with a decimation factor ‘3’
ii) Obtain a signal with an interpolation factor ‘3’
3. Consider a signal x(n)=sin (𝜋𝑛).u(n)
i) Obtain a signal with a decimation factor ‘2’
iii) Obtain a signal with an interpolation factor ‘2’
4. Define Multirate signal processing.
5. Explain the process of Decimation with necessary equations.
6. For the given data sequence 𝑥 𝑛 = {1, 4, 6, 8, 10}, Find the output sequence which is
up-sampled version of 𝑥 𝑛 by

i) 2
ii) 3