REGULAR AGENDA ITEM #7.

VANCOUVER POLICE DEPARTMENT

REPORT TO THE VANCOUVER POLICE BOARD

REPORT DATE: January 23, 2020

BOARD MEETING DATE: February 20, 2020
BOARD REPORT # 2002P01
Regular

TO: Vancouver Police Board

FROM: Drazen Manojlovic, Director, Planning, Research & Audit Section

SUBJECT: Year-End 2019 Key Performance Indicators Report

RECOMMENDATION:

That the Vancouver Police Board receive this report for information.

BACKGROUND:

The quarterly Key Performance Indicators (KPI) reports review: violent crime; property crime;
apprehensions under section 28 of the Mental Health Act (MHA); calls for service; average priority
1 response time; the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia’s (ICBC) reported traffic injuries;
traffic fatalities; and VPD attended motor vehicle collisions with injuries. This report provides a
macro-level perspective of organizational performance and overall public safety.

Beginning in 2018, Statistics Canada has changed crime counting standards to include
‘unfounded’ incidents. KPI reports throughout 2019 reflected this change and previous years’
results were retroactively calculated to include unfounded incidents. Also, crime statistics record
the date the incident was reported to the police (‘reported date’) and the date the incident occurred
(‘occurred date’). Previous KPI reports used the occurred date as this date was more reflective
of active crime trends emerging in Vancouver. Statistics Canada uses the reported date to report
crime statistics and KPI Reports use that standard to maintain consistency. Previous years’
results have been retroactively calculated to reflect the reported date.

DISCUSSION:

The following is a summary of the year-end 2019 KPI Report (note – all results compare 2019 to
2018 based on a full year):
Violent Crime
• The 2019 violent crime rate increased 7.2%; however, the rate is 13.9% lower than the rate
in 2010.
o There were 10 incidents of culpable homicide in 2019 and 15 in 2018
o Sexual offences reported in 2019 decreased 3.9% from those reported in 2018 (for
offences that occurred in 2019, and compared to those that occurred in 2018, sexual
offences decreased by 14.2% - please see page 4)
o There were 23 bank robbery incidents in 2019 compared to 39 in 2018. The year 2019
marked the lowest reported number of bank robbery incidents in the past 10 years.
o There were 29 shots fired incidents in 2019 compared to 19 in 2018
o The reason for the increase in violent crime is as a result of an 11.2% increase in assaults
o There was a 39.5% increase in assaults against peace officers

Property Crime
• The property crime rate (per 1,000 population) increased 5.2%.
o B&E - Business incidents increased by 21.0%
o B&E - Residential incidents decreased by 10.5%
o Theft from Auto <>$5K incidents increased by 12.9%

Section 28 MHA Apprehensions

The annual average number of section 28 MHA apprehensions increased by 0.2%, from 2,899
incidents in 2018 to 2,906 incidents in 2019.

Calls for Service

From 2018 to 2019, calls for service have decreased by 0.2% (from 265,653 to 265,232).

Priority 1 Response Time

Vancouver’s 2019 priority 1 response time (10:34) was 4.3%, or 27 seconds, slower when
compared to 2018 (10:07). Also, there was a 2.8% increase in the number of priority one calls
received.

Traffic Injuries & Deaths

ICBC data shows Vancouver experienced 8.5% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with
injuries in 2019 (10,017) compared to the same period in 2018 (10,943). VPD attended motor
vehicle collisions with injuries (MVI) declined from 2018 (1,147) to 2019 (778). This represents a
decrease of 32.2%.

There were 14 fatal motor vehicle collisions in 2019 and 13 fatalities in 2018.

REPORT SCHEDULE:

The VPD will provide the Vancouver Police Board four quarterly KPI reports scheduled for
meetings in April (Q1), July (Q2 YTD), October (Q3 YTD), and February 2021 (year-end 2020).

Author: Correen Smitas Telephone: 604-717-2689 Date: January 23, 2020

Submitting Executive Member (signature):

DCC Steve Rai Date: February 4, 2020

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 VIOLENT CRIME

A summary of violent crime incidents reported city-wide shows, in 2019, there were 5,799
incidents. The number of violent crime incidents increased when compared with reported
incidents in 2018 (5,338).

The below table shows that District 1 incidents rose by 15.7%, District 2 incidents increased by
7.0%, and District 4 incidents increased by 8.5%. District 3 was the only District that experienced
a decrease (2.0%).

Violent Crime Incidents: 2018 Compared to 2019

2018 2019 % Change

Incidents 5,338 5,799  8.6%

District 1 1,565 1,811  15.7%

District 2 2,127 2,276  7.0%

District 3 864 847  -2.0%

District 4 698 757  8.5%

Assaults are the most prevalent form of violent crime, accounting for 76.3% of all violent crimes
in 2018 and 78.1% in 2019. Comparing 2018 (4,064) to 2019 (4,521), there were 457 more
assaults, for an increase of 11.2%. Assaults were up in every District and, notably, assaults
against peace officers increased by 39.5%, where there were 114 incidents in 2018 and 159 in
2019.

The following graphs depict the 10-year trend for culpable homicide, bank robberies, shots fired
calls for service, and sexual offences. It is important to note that the number of sexual offences
that have occurred in 2019 mark the second lowest number of incidents since 2010.

10-Year Trend for Selected Violent Crime Incidents

Culpable Homicides
Number of Incidents

19
15 16 15
12
10 9 10
8
6

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 Number of Incidents Bank Robberies

96
83 81
68
47 52
35 39
27 23

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Shots Fired
Number of Incidents

31 29
26
19 18 19
16
13 13 11

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

As previously mentioned, 2019 KPI reports count unfounded and founded incidents, and use the
reported date of the offence (as opposed to the occurred date). These changes were made to
ensure consistency with Statistics Canada crime reporting standards. From a statistical
perspective, the largest impact resulting from these changes is seen in the reporting of sexual
offences. Specifically, it is the change from occurred date to reported date that has the greatest
impact, where 22.6% of the sexual offences reported to the VPD in 2019 occurred in previous
years. This is compared to 98.7% of all property crimes reported in 2019 also occurred in 2019,
or compared to robbery, this percentage is at 100%, and for assaults the percentage is at 99.3%.

Sexual offences are often reported historically which is reflected in the difference between the
reported date and the occurred date. In order to provide a clearer indication of non-historical
sexual offense reporting results, sexual offences have actually decreased by 14.2% (comparing
2019 to 2018 – see red bars in the chart on the top of the following page) under the previous
method of using the occurred date to count sexual offences.

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 Sexual Offences
646
621
588
Number of Incidents

580
552 555 548
525 512 520

578 541 537 563

512 527 504 487 483
478

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rep Date Occ Date Linear (Rep Date) Linear (Occ Date)

City-wide, the rate of violent crime violations increased from 7.89 to 8.45 victims per 1,000
population. This is an increase of 7.2% when compared with the 2018 violent crime rate yet a
24.2% decline from the 2010 rate (or 11.16 violent crimes per 1,000 population).

10-Year Trend for Violent Crime Rate

Violent Crime Rate per 1,000

11.16 10.99
10.21
9.58
8.63 8.45
8.21
Population

7.81 7.88 7.89

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 PROPERTY CRIME

City-wide, there were 44,538 property crime incidents reported in 2019. This is 6.6% higher when
compared with the previous year’s statistics (41,773). All Districts experienced an increase in
property crime when compared to the same time last year.

Property Crime Incidents: 2018 Compared to 2019

2018 2019 % Change

Incidents 41,773 44,538  6.6%

District 1 13,482 14,100  4.6%

District 2 9,722 10,923  12.4%

District 3 7,722 8,158  5.6%

District 4 10,468 11,006  5.1%

The following figures reflect year-end data for break & enters (B&E) into businesses and
residences, and thefts from automobiles (over and under $5,000) over the past 10 years. The
ten-year trend for business B&Es shows to be increasing whereas the trend line shows residential
B&Es are decreasing.

10-Year Trend for Selected Property Crime Incidents

Break & Enter - Business

Number of Incidents

2,481 2,689
2,269 2,443
2,209 2,019
1,669 1,735 1,803 1,845

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 Number of Incidents Break & Enter - Residence

2,589 2,589 2,612 2,319 2,252 2,275 2,140

1,758 1,560 1,396

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Theft from automobiles (TFA) is the offence that is most often reported to the VPD. Its latest result
marks the ninth consecutive year these incidents have worsened and TFAs make up 37% of all
2019 property crime incidents, making this crime type the largest driver of property crime. In fact,
68% of the increase to property crime in 2019 is as a result of the increase to TFAs.

Theft from Auto (<>$5K)

Number of Incidents

14,606 16,483
12,372 12,560
8,385 9,709 10,259
7,266 7,798 8,051

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Overall, the property crime rate was up 5.2%, from 61.73 offences per 1,000 population in 2018
to 64.94 in 2019. The 2019 property crime rate is 22.3% higher than the 2010 property crime rate.

10-Year Trend for Property Crime Rate

Property Crime Rate per 1,000
Population

61.99 60.88 61.73 64.94

53.10 55.57 56.91
50.07 51.09 51.13

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 S. 28 MENTAL HEALTH ACT (MHA) APPREHENSIONS

Under section 28 of the MHA, a police officer may apprehend and immediately take a person to
a physician for examination if satisfied that the person is acting in a manner likely to endanger
themselves or others, and is apparently living with a mental illness.

From 2010 to 2015, VPD apprehensions under section 28 of the MHA increased each year (from
2,278 to 3,050). However, although these apprehensions decreased in 2016 (2,832) they have
since increased three consecutive years. Comparing 2019 to 2010, apprehensions are up 27.6%.
Over the past year, apprehensions are up 0.2%. More specifically, this marginal increase
represents an increase of seven apprehensions. Overall, the total number of section 28 MHA
apprehensions calls have remained relatively stable over the past four years.

10-Year Trend for Section 28 MHA Apprehensions

Number of Incidents

2,873 3,022 3,050 2,851 2,899 2,906

2,636 2,832
2,489
2,278

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 CALLS FOR SERVICE

Calls for service (CFS) are an important strategic metric as they are a more accurate reflection of
the total workload of members as opposed to crime alone. Comparing 2018 (265,653) to 2019
(265,232), the below figure shows there was a marginal decrease of 0.2% (or 421 fewer CFS) in
the total number of CFS. Over the past decade, CFS have increased 19.8% since 2010 (221,385).
Overall, changes to the amount of CFS have remained relatively stable in the pas decade,
increasing an average of1.5% each year.

10-Year Trend for Calls for Service

Total Calls for Service

257,622 267,937 265,653 265,232

235,959 244,869
221,385 211,339 208,331 215,663

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

PRIORITY 1 RESPONSE TIMES

The following figure compares priority 1 (P1) response times from 2010 to 2019. Vancouver’s
2019 priority 1 response time (10:34) was 4.3%, or 27 seconds, slower when compared to 2018
(10:07). In fact, P1 response time increased in all Patrol Districts. It should be noted that the
number of P1 CFS have increased by 2.8% in 2019 compared to 2018. Since 2011, there have
been consistent annual increases, with 2019 having the highest response time (10:34) recorded
in the past 10 years.

10-Year Trend for P1 Response Times

Response Times (mm:ss)

09:46 10:07 10:34

08:59 09:10 09:29 09:45
08:44 08:17 08:38

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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 TRAFFIC RELATED INJURIES & DEATHS

ICBC updated their claims database and it is recommended that 2017 be a base year to compare
motor vehicle collisions that resulted in an injury and reported to ICBC. ICBC data shows
Vancouver experienced 8.5% fewer ICBC reported motor vehicle collisions with injuries in 2019
(10,017) compared to the same period in 2018 (10,943). Whereas VPD attended motor vehicle
collisions with injuries (MVI) have mostly declined from 2016 (1,400) to 2019 (778) or a 44.4%
decrease. This figure also shows a decrease of 32.2% when compared to the 2018 figure (1,147)
and a decrease of 14.4% when compared to 2010 (909).

Year-end ICBC Reported and VPD Attended MVIs

VPD Attended MVIs ICBC Reported Linear (VPD Attended MVIs)

12,000 11,101 10,943 1,600
10,017
1,400
10,000
1,200
8,000
1,000
6,000 800
1,400
1,129 1,160 1,099 1,200 1,147 600
4,000 1,046
909 885 400
778
2,000
200
0 -
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

In 2019, there were a total of 14 fatal victims of motor vehicle related crashes in the city of
Vancouver and 13 in 2018.

10-Year Trend for Traffic Fatalities

Number of Incidents

19
16 15 15
13 14 14 13 14
10

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

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REGULAR AGENDA ITEM #7.1
APPENDIX