AI IN THE FIELD OF MEDICAL SCIENCE

It’s a mis conception that the term "artificial intelligence" (AI) is about robots doing our jobs. In the
field of medical, AI basically refers to doctors and hospitals accessing vast data meant for life saving
information. This might include methods of treatments and their final results, geographical locations
and innumerable and sometimes interconnected health conditions. David B. Agus, MD, a professor of
medicine and engineering at the University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Viterbi
School of Engineering says, it's important to separate fact from science fiction, because AI is already
here -- and its fundamentally changing medicine.

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES:

ACTIVITIES OF AI WORLDWIDE CONTRIBUTION

1. PATIENT PREDICTION 40%
2. ELECTRONIC RECORD 20%
3. REAL TIME ALERTING 5%
4. PATIENT ENGAGEMENT 10%
5. PREVENT OPOID ABUSE 1%
6. STRATEGIC PLANNING 3%
7. ONCOLOGY 1%
8. PREDICTIVE ANALYSIS 5%
9. MEDICAL IMAGING 8%

PIE CHART DEPICTING THE ACTIVITES AND CONTRIBUTION OF AI IN THE

FIELD OF HEALTH SCIENCES:

New figuring force can distinguish and break down enormous and little patterns from the information
and even make expectations through AI that is intended to recognize potential wellbeing results.
Major IT companies like Microsoft, Google and IBM are now investing in the development of AI for
healthcare and research.

The leading 10 disease types considered in the artificial intelligence (AI) literature.

APPLICATIONS OF AI IN HEALTHCARE AND RESEARCH

The road map from clinical data generation to natural language processing data enrichment, to
machine learning data analysis, to clinical decision making. EMR, electronic medical record; EP,
electrophysiological.
Health care organisation

AI has the potential to be used as a tool in planning and resource allocation in health and social care
services. For example, the IBM Watson Care Manager system is being piloted by Harrow Council with
the objective of improving cost efficiency. How it works is that, it matches an individual with a care
provider that meets his/her need criteria, within his/her respective budget constrain. AI is also used
to provide better and improved patient experience. Alder Hey Children’s Hospital in Liverpool is
working with IBM Watson to create a ‘cognitive hospital’, which includes an application to further
simplify interaction with patients. The app aims to identify patient anxieties before a visit, provide
information on demand, and equip clinicians with information to help them to deliver appropriate
treatments.

Medical Research

AI can be helpful in analysing and recognize patterns in large and complex data base, in a more
precise manner than before. It can also be used to search the scientific literature for relevant
studies, and to mix different types of data; for example, to aid drug discovery. The institute of
Cancer Research’s canSAR database combines clinical data and genetic from patients with
information available through scientific research, and uses AI to forecast about new targets for
cancer drugs. Researchers have developed an AI ‘robot scientist’ named Eve which is developed to make the
process of drug discovery faster and more economical.

Clinical Care
Computer based intelligence can possibly help the analysis of sickness and is right now being trialed for this
reason in some UK clinics. Utilizing AI to break down clinical information, examine distributions, and expert
rules could likewise advise choices about treatment. Possible uses of AI in clinical care include:

 Medical imaging-

medical scans have been efficiently gathered and stored for quite some time and are readily available to prepare
AI frameworks. AI could diminish the cost and time associated in analysing scans, potentially enabling more
scans to be taken to better target treatment. AI has demonstrated promising outcomes in recognizing
conditions, for example, pneumonia, bosom and skin tumors, and eye illnesses.

 Echocardiography-
The Ultromics system, trialled at John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford, works with AI to inspect
echocardiography scans that observe patterns of heartbeat and diagnose coronary heart
disease.

• Screening for neurological conditions-

AI is being designed and developed in a way that it is able to analyse speech patterns to
estimate psychotic episodes and identify and monitor symptoms of neurological conditions
such as Parkinson’s disease.

 Surgery-
Robotic tools controlled by AI have been utilized to complete specific task in keyhole surgery,
for example, tying knots to close injuries.

 Patient and Consumer-facing Application-

A few applications that utilization AI to offer customized wellbeing assessments and home
care advice are right now available. The application Ada Health Companion utilizes AI to work
a talk bot, which joins data about side effects from the client with other data to offer
conceivable diagnoses.32 GP at Hand, a comparable application created by Babylon Health, is
presently being trialed by a gathering of NHS medical procedures in London.
Data apparatuses or talk bots driven by AI are being utilized to help with the administration
of constant ailments. For instance, the Joint pain Virtual Assistant created by IBM for Arthritis
Research UK is learning through communications with patients to give customized data and
guidance concerning meds, diet, and exercise.34 Government-subsidized and business
activities are investigating courses in which AI could be utilized to control automated
frameworks what's more, applications to help individuals living at home with conditions, for
example, beginning period dementia, geries in London potentially reducing demands on
human care workers and family carers.
AI applications that screen and bolster understanding adherence to endorsed medicine and
treatment have been trailed with promising
results, for instance, in patients with tuberculosis.36 Other instruments, for example,
Sentrian, use Man-made intelligence to break down data gathered by sensors worn by
patients at home. The point is to recognize indications of weakening to empower early
mediation what's more, avoid emergency clinic affirmations.

Public Health
AI can be used to detect infectious diseases before hand and source of epidemics.it can be
also used to detect adverse drug reactions, which are estimated to cause upto 6.5 per cent of
hospital admissions in the UK.

The AI devices: ML and NLP

AI devices (or techniques) that have been found useful in the medial applications are
categorise into three groups: the classical machine learning techniques, the more recent deep
learning techniques and the NLP methods.

Classical ML
ML constructs data analytical algorithms to extract features from data.
Support vector machine
SVM is mainly used for classifying the subjects into two groups, where the outcome Yi is a
classifier: Yi = −1 or 1 represents whether the ith patient is in group 1 or 2, respectively.

Neural network
One can think about neural network as an extension of linear regression to capture complex
non-linear relationships between input variables and an outcome.
Current Trend for deep learning. The data are generated through searching the deep learning in
health and disease category on PubMed.

Reference

https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/features/artificial-intelligence-helps-health-care#1

https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/healthcare/publications/ai-robotics-new-
health/transforming-healthcare.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6616181/