Pavement Distress Summary

DISTRESS POSSIBLE CAUSE MAINTENANCE SUGGESTIONS

Pot Hole 1. Weak pavement, surface, base, Cut wet material out, clean and fill
subgrade with asphalt mix. Allow an extra
2. Thin surface 25% of volume for compaction. Use
a straight edge to restore patch to
3. Excess or deficient fines existing roadway section.
4. Poor drainage

Base Failure 1. Consolidation of subgrade Remove all surface and base to a fine
2. Overload in area material and replace with an asphalt
mix to a minimum depth according to
3. Lack of lateral support
required structural design.
4. Poor drainage

Raveling 1. Lack of compaction Skin patch, spot seal, fog seal or

2. Constructed in cold or wet slurry seal. If required for entire
project a thin overlay may be
weather
required.
3. Dirty aggregate
4. Dry mix
5. Over heating mix

Bleeding 1. Excess asphalt Blot with screenings, apply chip

2. Low air voids surface treatment, or thin overlay. If
3. Excess prime or tack project is pushing or other signs of
plastic movement roto-mill/overlay.
Corrugations 1. Plastic mixture Roto-mill plastic mixture off and
2. Low air voids replace with proper mixture. If base
material is responsible, remove
3. Excessive asphalt or fines
pavement, scarify and re-compact.
4. Unstable base material

Depressions 1. Consolidation of subgrade Clean area, tack and place a hot-mix

2. Poor construction skin patch. The area should be string
3. Poor drainage lined for limits of patch.

Alligator Cracks 1. Weak surface, base or subgrade Remove all distressed area to a depth
2. Thin surface or base of firm material and replace with the
3. Poor drainage proper asphalt mix, allowing 25%
times depth of patch for compaction.
Dry 1. Old and dried out mix Fog seal, slurry seal or overlay.
Surface/Cracking 2. Mix was placed too dry
Edge Cracks 1. Lack of lateral support Improve drainage. Remove trees,
2. Settlement of underlying material shrubs etc., close to edge. Fill cracks
3. Shrinkage of drying out soil with asphalt emulsion slurry or
emulsified asphalt.
Edge Joint 1. Wetting and drying beneath Improve drainage by removing the
Cracks shoulder surface source that traps the water. Fill with
asphalt emulsion slurry or light grade
2. Poor shoulder drainage due to a
of asphalt mixed with fine sand.
sholder higher than main Provide side drainage ditches.
pavement
3. Depression in pavement edge
4. Shoulder settlement, mix
shrinkage and trucks straddling
the joint.

Slippage Cracks 1. Lack of a good bond between Remove surface layer from around
surface layer and the course crack until good bond between layers
is found. Patch with plant-mixed
beneath
asphalt material. Tuck with an
2. Lack of bond due to dust, oil, asphalt emulsion.
dirt, rubber, water and other non-
adhesive material
3. Tack coat has not been used
4. Mixture has a high sand content

Rutting 1. Results from consolidation or Level pavements by filling with hot

lateral movement under traffic plant-mired asphalt materials. Follow
with thin asphalt plant-mix overlay,
2. Displacement in the asphalt
or roto-mill and overlay.
surface layer Remove plastic mix by milling and
3. New asphalt pavements with too replace with stable win.
little compaction during
construction
4. Plastic fines in mix that does not
have enough stability to support
traffic. (high -200 material
causing low air voids)

Loss of 1. Not spread immediately (1 Spread over affected areas hot coarse
Aggregate on minute) sand. After spreading it should be
Surface rolled immediately with a pneumatic-
2. Asphalt may have cooled to
Treatments tired roller.
much
3. Aggregate too dusty or too wet
when spread
4. Not rolled immediately after
placing it may not become seated
 5. Steel-wheeled roller alone was
used for compaction
6. Weather too cool when treatment
applied
7. Fast traffic too soon after
application

Longitudinal 1. Spray bar not set at correct height Re-seal surface using proper
Streaking 2. Nozzle on spray bar not set at the procedure and adjustment of
correct angle equipment.
3. Wrong asphalt pump seed
4. Asphalt too cold
5. Pump pressure too low

Moisture 1. Moisture in pavement by high Remove and replace with good mix.
Damage voids/low density, usually
(stripping) trapped in lower or intermediate
Identified by
pavement layer
shoving, 2. Excessive minus 200 material
bleeding or high fines/asphalt ratio
rutting
Transverse 1. Low temperature thermal Should use softer grade asphalt.
uniform crack cracking, asphalt grade is too Pour with ASTM 3405 joint material.
spaces hard for climatic conditions.

1. Retak kelelahan/retak buaya (fatigue/alligator) kerusakan bisa disebabkan akibat

kelebihan muatan dan/atau drainase yang buruk.
2. Retak memanjang (longitudinal) dapat disebabkan oleh prosedur pengaspalan
yang tidak benar sehingga tidak tersambung dengan baik.

3. Retak reflektif, dimana lapisan atas keretakan muncul kembali di permukaan.

4. Delaminasi, deformasi permukaan akibat kurangnya perekat pada lapisan atas.

5. Bleeding, deformasi permukaan akibat terlalu banyak campuran aspal

6. Aus/raveling, disintegrasi akibat kualitas campuran aspal yang buruk dan akan
menjadi aus jika tidak segera dilapisi.
7. Lubang, disintegrasi akibat campuran permukaan yang buruk.

8. Geser/Shoving, akibat kandungan aspal terlalu tinggi

9. Alur/rutting, akibat konsolidasi pergerakan lapisan aspal

Apa yang menyebabkan cacat mutu seperti contoh gambar di atas? Tentunya banyak
faktor, namun tulisan ini membahas beberapa hal yang dapat menyebabkan cacat
mutu pada aspal

1. Tidak ada pemisahan tumpukan agregat

2. Agregat tercemar dengan material kotor

3. Agregat yang pipih

4. Lapisan eksisting tidak diperbaiki sebelum dihampar

Disclaimer:

Gambar di atas didapatkan dari salah satu pelatihan yang diselenggarakan oleh salah
satu instansi terkait penyelenggaraan jalan