FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE o May 12, 1820 – August 13, 1910 o Born: May 12, 1820 Florence, Italy From England Older sister named Parthenope o 1837 Wrote about her Calling o 1851 Completed her nursing training at Kaiserwerth, Germany o 1853 Became the superintendent of the Hospital for Invalid Gentlewomen in London o 1854 Crimean War. Traveled to Scutari, Turkey with 34 new nurse recruits young, middle-class women with a basic general education
o Founder of modern nursing
o Addressed the environmental problems that existed, including the lack of sanitation and the presence of filth o The Lady of the Lamp, as immortalized in the poem “Santa Filomena” (Longfellow, 1857) o After the Crimean War, funds awarded to Nightingale were used to establish schools for nursing training at St. Thomas’s Hospital and King’s College Hospital in London. By establishing the two schools……….. She was able to provide framework for the establishment of nursing training schools thru a universal template that contains principles of nursing training These principles included instructions in scientific and practical experience for the mastery skills She also advocated the separation of nursing training from the hospital to a more appropriate learning environment in the school or university setting She believed that nursing student role is learning the art & science of nursing before being employed in the nursing service She believed that good nursing can only come from good education HER WRITINGS: 1. Notes on Matters Affecting the Health, Efficiency, and Hospital Administration of the British Army Founded Chiefly on the Experience of the Late War (Nightingale, 1858a) 2. Notes on Hospitals (Nightingale, 1858b), 3. Report on Measures Adopted for Sanitary Improvements in India, from June 1869 to June 1870 (Nightingale, 1871)
HER THEORY: focused on environment Its components o described the concepts of ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness, and noise Believed that healthy surroundings were necessary for proper nursing care and restoration /maintenance of health. Five essential components of environmental health: 1. pure air,
DOMINGO T. SO, JR., RN, MAN 1
NRG 101 OUTLINE V.2
2. pure water, 3. Efficient drainage, 4. cleanliness, and 5. light
ALSO EMPHASIZED: Proper ventilation & Room temperature Proper positioning Lighting (sunlight) Cleanliness – contamination, source of infection
ALSO EMPHASIZED: Daily Bathing Hand washing Quiet & diet
ANALYSIS & EVALUATION
DEGREE OF USEFULNESS 1. NURSING RESEARCH: Mother of Nursing Research o Scientific method of inquiry & statistics o Concepts of her theory still serves as bases for current research & adds to understanding to modern practice
2. NURSING EDUCATION: Able to provide framework for the establishment of nursing training schools Advocate for the separation of nursing training from hospital to school setting
3. NURSING PRACTICE: Principle of nursing practice is still being employed today Advent of modernization and technology becomes a threat to the environment Global warming, noise and air pollutions, diet and vanity continue to pose challenges to the nurse practitioner of today
NURSING METAPARADIGM CONCEPTS
1. PERSON : Patient Passive person- a patient that depends wholly on the nurse for task and control of his environment Needs nursing care regardless of social worth
2. NURSING : comparable to that of motherly instinct a vocation that needs formal learning and application of scientific principles be more skilled in observing and reporting patients’ health status while providing care
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NRG 101 OUTLINE V.2
3. HEALTH : Health as being WELL Living to ones potential to the full extent Disease & illness are viewed as reparative process that are instituted by MOTHER NATURE when a person did not attend to his personal health concerns Emphasize promotion and prevention of diseases thru: Prudent control of environment Social responsibility
4. ENVIRONMENT: External element which affects the health of sick and healthy individuals CENTRAL to the theory Therapeutic Environment Enhance comfort & recovery of the patient
CRITIQUE 1. CLARITY clear and easily understood. It contains the following three major relationships: 1. Environment to patient 2. Nurse to environment 3. Nurse to patient
2. SIMPLICITY Provides a descriptive, explanatory theory objective of setting forth general rules for the practice and development of nursing was met
3. GENERALITY have been used to provide general guidelines for all nurses universality and timelessness of her concepts remain pertinent the role of observation and measurement of outcomes as an essential component of nursing practice
4. EMPIRICAL PRECISION Concepts and relationships are presented as truths rather than as tentative, testable statements Practice should be based on their observations and experiences..
5. DERIVABLE CONSEQUENCES basic principles of environmental manipulation and care of the patient can be applied in contemporary nursing settings relevant to the professional identity and practice of nursing
DOMINGO T. SO, JR., RN, MAN 3
NRG 101 OUTLINE V.2
CASE STUDY (TYPE-WRITTEN, SHORT BOND PAPER, ARIAL 11, 1.15 SPACING, 1 INCH MARGINS, WITH COVER PAGE SECURED IN SHORT CARDBOARD FOLDER) – DATE OF SUBMISSION: SEPTEMBER 3, 2018.
You are caring for an 82-year-old woman who has been hospitalized for several weeks for burns that she sustained on her lower legs during a cooking accident. Before the time of her admission, she lived alone in a small apartment. The patient reported on admission that she has no surviving family. Her support system appears to be other elders who live in her neighborhood. Because of transportation difficulties, most of them are unable to visit frequently. One of her neighbors has reported that she is caring for the patient’s dog, a Yorkshire terrier. As you care for this woman, she begs you to let her friend bring her dog to the hospital. She says that none of the other nurses have listened to her about such a visit. As she asks you about this, she begins to cry and tells you that they have never been separated. You recall that the staff discussed their concern about this woman’s well-being during report that morning. They said that she has been eating very little and seems to be depressed. Based on Nightingale’s work, identify specific interventions that you would provide in caring for this patient.
1. Describe what action, if any, you would take regarding the patient’s request to see her dog. Discuss the theoretical basis of your decision and action based on your understanding of Nightingale’s work. 2. Describe and discuss what nursing diagnoses you would make and what interventions you would initiate to address the patient’s nutritional status and emotional well-being. 3. As the patient’s primary nurse, identify and discuss the planning you would undertake regarding her discharge from the hospital. Identify members of the discharge team and their roles in this process. Describe how you would advocate for the patient based on Nightingale’s observations and descriptions of the role of the nurse.
