REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Inquiry is an approach to learning whereby students find and use a variety of sources of

information and ideas to increase their understanding of a problem, topic or issue of importance.

It requires more than simply answering questions or getting a right answer. It espouses

investigation, exploration, search, quest, research, pursuit and study. By inquiring, community

involvement is strengthening and making them aware of what is happening in their environment.

On the other hand, almost all student transactions is to get information, but their problem is the

manual way of disseminating information. Currently, there are some universities and colleges

which are converting their manual way and existing standalone data bases into an online based

inquiry due to the reliability, speed, efficiency and more convenience of the web based inquiry

method of providing information.

There are other institutions that are still using not fully automated data bases in record

keeping and the distribution of information. Moreover, they are still studying on developing a

system that was fully accommodate the needs of the students and slowly converting the manual

way into computerized data banking system. According to (Kuklthau, et.al. 2007), inquiring of

grades is the most common transaction made by the students in school and it involves the

performance and activities he/she attained. On the other hand, inquiry is used by the people in

getting information regarding on the specific topic they wanted an answer.

Grading System

Grading system is designed to provide incentive reward for achievement and assist in

identifying problems of students. The grade of the student is a scale which determines students

who need more improvement and require more assistance which will help teachers in guiding
them towards their development. It also shows where the students excel most so they can be

honed and encouraged to continue their good work improve more and aim higher. At the end, it

was the reference for the judgments of whether a student can step up to a higher level of learning

or remain to be polished. From these reasons, it is clearly concluded how important to it is to

make sure that the grades of students are accurately calculated and safely stored in a well-

founded database (Melvin, 2011). On the other hand, the grade of the students must store in the

secured database for the safety and for easy retrieval of data for long term purposes.

Furthermore, education is the first training ground for the students before sending it into the real

world of challenge; therefore, the grades of the students must be secured wherein it is their

credentials which was used for their own personal purposes in the future. According to (Sahin

and Kucuk, 2013), in order for the reliability and efficiency as well as the speed to shorten the

process of distribution of grades to the students, therefore, institution must provide a better way

of rendering services and accommodating them well. Moreover, it creates a convenience way of

providing information in which the students was more comfortable rather than in using a manual

one.

Importance of Grading System

Grade is the agent and treasure of the students; it shows the ability and excellence of the

students in school during classes. Furthermore, the grade of the students is one of the essential
qualities and products of school works. Grades reflect and measure the performance of a student

and determine whether a student passes the subject or not. It also helps the professors to guide

and facilitate the students’ learning development. Thus, students’ grades must be accurately

calculated, safety accumulated or stored in a database and must be well distributed to the

students. Knowing the grades at the end of every semester is the most awaited and most

important part of individual student, particularly students in college (Bibeako, 2012).

According to Babyruth and Grabrieldoy (2012), grade is the most important treasure of

the students, especially the students in colleges. It is the credential of the students in entering to

the next step of attaining their goals in life. It is the basis of the student in school which shows

what are the achievements and the performance of the students. The grade is the weapon of the

students when deploying in the real world of challenge, in order to secure the database and

information of the students, especially the grades, therefore it should be enter and store in a

firewalled database system for security reasons. The computerized database system is reliable

and convenience compared to traditional way of inquiring grades which results to a slow

processing and dissemination of information is obsolete. But, it will never end into the

computerized database system only, the researchers study to improve the existing system and

slowly converting all the automated databases into an online based wherein the reliability and

convenience will attained.

Online Grading System

Grading System is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of the teachers. It

involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students’ achievement or performance over

a specified period of time. Through this process various types of descriptive information and

measures of students’ performance are converted into grades that summarize students’
accomplishments. In consumption to the statement of (Balboa, 2013), online Grading System is a

web-based application that can be use to store the students grades. It post the grades of the

students online. The student has an account credentials to access their grades. Parents can view

and be updated on the status and performance of their children in school.

According to (Hearspiker and Verma 2011), Online grading system is the database

system that is capable of encoding and viewing of student’s grades online in order for the process

to be minimize, limit the amount of time consumed and easy retrieval of data for a long term

period. Moreover, it is also a web-based applications that can be captivating and may obscure

the fact that modeling an application’s business logic, whether it is being implemented in a web

page, a component or an object remains the central focus of the project. Web-based application

development requires project management best practice as much as any other type of application

development.

Moreover, the used of online based inquiry is not only for the consumption of the

students but, it is more advantage to the parents and provides a way from which they can monitor

the status of their children in school anytime and anywhere. The online system provides a way in

which the communication between the university and the parents are still connected even though

they are far from the school. Furthermore, according to (Cholzki, 2011), with the online grade

inquiry system the parents can monitor their children in school even abroad. On the other hand,

the importance of online grade inquiry system for the parents who are always busy in their own

business provides a better way in which they can access their child’s grade online without

spending their time in manually go to school just to inquire for the status and performance of

their children.
Importance of Online Grading System

Through online grading system the limit of time and speed of the distribution of

information not only the student grades is more efficient and convenience compared to the

manual way of inquiring. Moreover, according to (Kapre, 2011), the home works of the students

are now done online. Through this method, the students was more knowledgeable and encourage

them to be more resourceful in terms of getting information and accessing the web

systematically. Online home works will also benefits the instructors and faculty members.

Furthermore, it is more convenient than in paper-based way of giving assignments to the students

which tons of papers was used. The grades of the students in judging their output for their home

works will automatically viewed and printed by the students at the end of the semester. There is

no need to summarize the student’s grades as the system does that for the professor.

On the other hand, the online grading programs can have a role in school/community

relations. Properly managed, the online grading program can effectively and efficiently deliver

timely information from the school to students and parents. Online grading programs are not

difficult to set up and can be maintained with a minimum of effort. However, like all school

reform, the use of an online grading system must be implemented thoughtfully and with

determination. Teachers must all buy into the idea of an online grading system. Teachers must be

trained to use the grading system effectively and efficiently.

Furthermore, according to (Jaentang and Jimson, 2013), the school administration will

have an easier way of viewing grades to the students through internet, the professors do not need

to go to school just to input the grades of students, the students will no longer to go to school just

to check their grades if there’s already grades in office. Students can access/see their grades
online from school or wherever they are. Standalone grading system is reliable, efficient, and fast

but it is more usable if it was taking up to online or put it on a website. Moreover, using online

grading inquiry system are very popular today and aside of being a service within the internet

that allows faculty to submit grades to the school and making online applications is one of in

demand opportunities around the world.

In summary to the statements of the different authors regarding on the impact and

importance of online grade inquiry system to the society, based on the result of their study, it is

clearly stated that it is better and more efficient to use than in manual way of inquiring of grades

to the registrar. Moreover, almost all universities from urban areas are now using the online

based grade inquiry system. Furthermore, it is scientifically proven and tested the reliability and

efficiency of the Online Grade Inquiry System by the other universities based on the result of

their study. The coverage of the system is not only for the students consumptions but, it is more

advantage to the parents where they was able to know the status and performance of their

children in school. On the other hand, the researcher has encourage to propose a Web Based

Grade Inquiry System in Marinduque State Colleges Campus in order to minimize the process of

grade inquiry by using traditional method. In consumption to the statements of the authors, one

factor that affects the rapid growth of students enrolled every semester is the well

accommodation and the services rendered by the school is fully disseminate.

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