Alchemy DR Musallam

Dr.
Musallam: Alchemy – The Art of Producing the Philosophers’ Stone
Dr. Musallam
ALCHEMY
The Philosophers’ Stone
Adonistischer Verlag
Berlin Weissensee
translated into English by
Jens Borgwardt
© 2004
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Dr. Musallam: Alchemy – The Art of Producing the Philosophers’ Stone
ALCHEMY
Or
The Art to Produce the Philosophers’ Stone,

which has the power to heal all illness and to
change ordinary metal into gold.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Universally understandably described

by
Dr. Musallam.
Note: published in Berlin, circa 1922

Adonistische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin-Weißensee
Note: Published in Berlin circa 1922, from Horst E. Miers “Lexikon des
Geheimwissens” (Encyclopaedia of Secret Knowledge), Goldmann Verlag 1993:
Dr. Musallam (Pseud.) = Dr. phil. Franz Sättler; * 7.3.1884 Brüx (Bohemia), died after
1942; the Pseudonym is Arabic and means "unharmed"; Founder of Adonism and the
“Adonistic Society for the German-Speaking Area”, served as its Grand Master;
according to its brochures Musallam was also member of the order “Nizam el-Khaf”.
Around 1926/27 Musallam was the publisher of the magazine “Dido – Okkultistische
Monatszeitschift” (Occult Monthly Magazine). Frater Albertus, in his novel “The
Alchemist of the Rocky Mountains” copied the exact description of Bit Nur from Dr.
Musallam’s Chapter “The Alchemy of the Philosophers of Bit Nur”. Incidentally,
Nuristan lies at 36° longitude north and 70-72° latitude east.
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Content
P R E F AC E .......................................................................................... 4
I. T H E N AT U R E AN D H I ST O R Y OF A L C H E M Y ............................................ 5
Chronological index of selected important alchemistic publications: ......................16
II. A T THE S C H O OL OF THE A D E P T S .................................................... 18
1. The Laboratory...................................................................................................18
2. Questions and Answers. ....................................................................................19
Explanation of Terms .............................................................................................29
Excerpts from alchemistic writings. ........................................................................36
III. T H E A L C H E M I S T I C P RO B L EM IN T O D A Y ' S R E S E AR C H ......................... 42
1. Modern Ideas in Medieval Alchemy. .................................................................42

2. The Study of the Elements in the 19th Century..................................................44
3. The Discovery of Radioactivity and its Consequences.......................................47
4. Decay and Transformation of “Elements”...........................................................49
5. Micro-Astronomy and Macro-Chemistry.............................................................53
6. Macro- and Microcosm.......................................................................................57
7. The Law of Analogy. ..........................................................................................62
IV. T H E A L C H E M Y OF THE P H IL O S O P H E R S OF B I T N U R ........................... 64
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Preface
It is possible that the reader asks with astonishment why a treaty on alchemy
enters into the brochure collection of the “Magic Bible”, which is supposed to be
reserved exclusively for occult subjects, in other words: humane studies. For the
art of making gold, which focuses on the study of matter, its transformation and
modification, would rather be considered anything but a humane study.
And yet, dear reader, this objection is only partially justified, as can be proven
without difficulty. Although alchemy is mainly concerned with matter, it does so on
the premise of occult preconditions, indeed, the whole system of true alchemy –
not that pseudo-alchemy, which in the times of decay replaced it – was and is
based exclusively on occult wisdom.
This has also been emphasized in a clear and unambiguous fashion by the
adepts in that they declared that alchemistic processes are nothing more than the
imitation of the creation process on a small scale, and that especially Jewish
alchemists, knowledgeable in the Kabala, such as Samuel Baruch and Rabbi
Abraham Eleazar, rely heavily on the Thora and the Book Jezirah.
They assure us of what Hermes Trismegistos (Thot) and later Raimundus Lullus
already reminded their erring contemporaries: that such alchemy, which merely
works with retorts and melting pots, and which relies entirely on manual labor
cannot achieve any real success. When Adonis, our Lord, created the visible
world, he spoke his powerful “Be!” and in the same manner, the alchemist, as
creator on the small scale, requires the effective power of the word.
In part IV of this booklet, which discusses the “Alchemy of the Philosopher’s of Bit
Nur”, we shall have an opportunity to return to this issue in more detail and will
also learn about alchemistic transformation formulas, which are already
mentioned in “Sifr Waswasät – Book of Magic Incantations.” For now, these
insinuations may suffice to point out to the diffident that alchemy is, contrary to its
outward appearance, a true occult science and thus rightly deserves its space in
our “Magic Bible”.
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I. The Nature and History of Alchemy

It is generally assumed that alchemy is a medieval science and that it has only
recently been attempted to trace its origins to earliest antiquity in an effort to
provide it with a higher degree of reverence and authority. Furthermore, one
frequently encounters the postulation that alchemy stems from a fundamentally
wrong conclusion, in that scientists of earlier periods saw the separation of metals
from their ores and the exchange of places of metals, which occurs for example,
when a piece of iron is deposited in a vitriol of copper solution, as a true
transformation. And thirdly, it seems that it has been commonly assumed that
purpose and intent of alchemy has always been the refinement of metals.
All these three assumptions or postulations, however, are erroneous und a history
of alchemy, based on such presumptions must naturally draw the wrong picture.
To correct this, I would primarily like to note that alchemy was never based on
practical – regardless whether wrongly or correctly understood experiments – but
on theoretical considerations. Yes, I do not shy away from saying: based on
divine inspiration or revelation. Even the oldest natural science knows the
composition of the entire bodily world to be made up of four elements: earth,
water, air, and fire; and from this realization grew the next higher one in a purely
mental fashion, namely that those four elements can all be reduced to the same,
general original matter.
The investigation and extraction of this hypothetical original matter then, which is
quite different from the four known elements, this fifth entity or “quinta essentia”
(quintessence), was the most original and most important task of alchemy.
However, from this the believe that once in possession of this original matter, one
could, by using it directly or in a circumventional manner through the use of the
four elements, be able to create any desired matter: minerals, metals and
therefore, also gold.
This scientific cognition and the resulting alchemistic desire is, as mentioned
earlier, ancient. Conformingly alchemists report – and I must add, this is
confirmed by the secret teachings – that the first, who occupied himself with this,
the first, who clearly stated alchemistic principles in the above mentioned sense,
was no other than the Egyptian Thot, who was mentioned already in earlier
discourses, who is also known by his Greek name Hermes Trismegistos, i.e.
Hermes the tree times greatest.
We must acquaint ourselves with this man. – However, occidental tradition and
historical research do not report much about him. The French philologist
Turnebus preambles the Paris edition(1554) of his so-called “Hermetic Letters” –
which, as we shall see are comprehensively falsified – with the following
annotation: “Hermes Trismegistos was Egyptian by origin, but nothing is known
about his parentage. He lived, as many historians claim, before Pharaoh’s time1.
Others, among them Cicero, identify him as the Egyptian Thot, who is said to
have been a contemporary of the same Pharao, to which, however, I find it
impossible to agree to for the following reason: Thot is claimed to have been an
1
I am referring to the biblical Pharao of the Exodus, Menophthah, who reined Egypt from 1826 to
1807 b.C.
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Egyptian King, like Pharaoh, then that would mean that Egypt had two Kings at
the same time. From that one can only conclude that Thot must have lived either
before or after Pharaoh. However, he does not appear after him in the list of
Kings. Therefore, he must have lived before him, i.e. he must also have lived
before Moses. As we are told, he left his home country and wandered the entire
world in search of virtue and wisdom.
He is said to have taught men to believe in one God and to honor him as creator
and originator or all beings (material and immaterial). After his return home he is
reported to have written many letters on mystic philosophy and theology, some of
which are directed at his son Tat, others at his pupil Asklepios.
The next edition of pseudo-hermitic letters comes from Franziskus Flussas
(Bordeaux 1574), who says about their presumed author: “Johannes Functius
testifies in his historical work that Hermes Trismegistos lived 21 years before
mosaic law at the time of the exodus of the Jews from Egypt. That, however,
cannot be right, because the ancients generally agree that Hermes was called the
three times Greatest, because by Egyptian tradition he, as the greatest
philosopher was called into priesthood, and as highest priest achieved regality:
therefore, as philosopher, priest, and King he was the three times Greatest.
Incidentally, archeologist argue that there have been three men by the name of
Hermes; however, which one of these was the three time Greatest cannot be
determined.
His own writings testify that he stems from Uranos and Cronos2; also he is
claimed to be the inventor of Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Since Moses already studied Egyptian wisdom, which would have been hardly
possible without writing, he must have lived before Moses. Also he could not have
been the son of Cronos, because he3 lived at the time of Sarug, great grandfather
of Abraham. Therefore, Hermes Trismegistos must have lived approximately at
the time of Abraham.
As a third, Patricius may have a word. He published his pseudo-hermetic letter in
Ferrara in 1591. “It appears, however,” he says, “Hermes Trismegistos was a
contemporary of Moses, just a little older. For Ersebius writes in his history that
Kath (= Tat), the son of Trismegistos, lived at the time of King Armeus. That,
however, was about 20 years before the death of Moses.”
How then does modern archeology respond to this dispute, on which the ancients
have produced so many contradictory interpretations? – Here we must emphasize
that the lack of authenticity of letters in Greek language in the name of Hermes
Trismegistos is beyond question. Even if we assumed them to be genuine, their
sheer number, there are only 14 in total, represents only a negligible remnant,
because the ancients report the number of his books to be around 40.000.
That seems to be exaggerated, but it is not impossible, considering that what was
called a “book” in Egypt, frequently was nothing more than a more or less lengthy
2
The passage in question in that treatise, which is titled “The Key” and dedicated to his son Tat, is
ambiguous, however: “Those, who want to revel in the sight (of the God), depart from their body into
the most beautiful vision, as has been experienced by our ancestors Uranos and Cronos.”
3
Here Cronos is identified as the biblical Nimrod.
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papyrus role, and if you compare it to how much some more contemporary mass
writers, like for example Hans Sachs, have produced.
As far as the origin of these pseudo-hermetic letters is concerned, which in part
are speeches by Hermes to Tat or Asclepios, in part dialogues between him and
either of these people and observations on the divinity as the One, the soul,
transmigration and reincarnation, and similar issues, a philosophically trained
reader will realize immediately that these are not translations of original Egyptian
works, but Greek originals from the last century before or the first century after the
birth of Christ, which were not very effective propaganda pieces for those neo-
platonic, i.e. pantheistic ideas, of that era.
With regards to the personage of the real Hermes Trismegistos it is now
commonly assumed that he is identical with Thot, in other words that in ancient
times there actually was a man by this name, who was the founder of Egyptian
science and Egyptian writings, and who was revered by later generations as
being one of the deities due to his wisdom.
Without hesitation we can now expand this interpretation by adding what is
reported in the secret teachings of the philosophers of Bit Nur about Thot or
Hermes Trismegistos. Allow me to to present you with the relevant passage from
the chaldaic "Sifr Makriun - Book of the Chosen" in literal translation:
"During the third century of the first millennium of the fifth Aeon lived in the land of
Mazrun a wise man called Ta' ut, the alleged son of King Naschti and his
successors. But he was secretly conceived by his mother Nu' , the King's first wife,
in the Temple of Sib. For the demon appreciated her beauty, so he lay with her.
And Ta' ut grew up and excelled through wisdom and soon there was no teacher
left in the land who could teach him. And after some time had passed the spirit
moved him to begin teaching himself. And he gathered young men and virgins
around him, the noblest of the nobles. There were seven, three young men and
four virgins. The young men were:; Imutif, Mut, and Faramut; the virgins were:
Chasifit, Nahamit, Tafnit, and Tamit - none of them were sired by human fathers,
but, just as Ta' ut, by demons. And the young men consorted with the virgins and
they had children to whom they imparted their wisdom: Ta' ut with Chasttit [sic],
Mut with Tafnit, Imutif with Nahamit, and Faramut with Tamit. And Ta' ut wrote
many books, among others a book of prophecy and a book of transfiguration. And
from the book of transfigurations they took the great formula and engraved it onto
a slate of emarald. And Ta' ut sired with his sister Chasifit a son and a daughter,
Ta' ut and Farfarit, who ruled Egypt after him. And his son' s son was Manut, the
first King of the dynasty ..."
This highly important information on Egyptian history begs further explanation.
The "Sifr Makriun, in which it is found, is a sort of biographical encyclopedia and
records the founders and propagators of the secret teachings from most ancient
times to about 1,000 before our time. The edition before us hails from
Sakkunjatan of Berytos, whom we already know from the booklet on Chartomantik
and who used the oldest and most reliable sources for his mythological, historical,
and other writings.
As far as the timeframe is concerned: "in the third century of the first millennium of
the fifth eon", we know refers to the 47th century before our time, because the
fifth Eon, also known as the "eon of the others", starts in the year 5000 before our
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time and with it actual history. For what passed before, during the golden age of
Adonis and Dido, escapes human memory. - Mazrun (Hebrew Mizraim, Arabic
Masr) is the name of the land of Egypt. - As you know, with regards to ancient
Egyptian royal history we still have to rely on Herodot and Manethos, whose
reports are partially contradictory: Both report the first King of the so-called old
kingdom Menos, but according to Manetho he must have lived around 5800
before our time, whereas Herodot places him at around 3500 before our time.
Later archeologists, who attempted to find congruence between the two, waver
between 6500 and 2000. The "Sifr Makrin" settles this dispute once and for all,
because it explicitly says of Ta'ut: "his son's son was Manut (Menes), the first
King of the dynasty (i.e. the book of Kings) ..." Therefore, Menes must have lived
around 4600 before our time.
Let us return to Ta' ut'
s biography. His mother was Nu' , the wife and probably
sister (because in ancient Egypt, marriage between siblings was quite common,
especially in royal families) of King Naschti. However, the latter was only the
alleged father of Ta' ut; the real sire is reported to be the demon Sib, who is the
same as the Phoenician Cahzur or the Greek Cronos, so that this in fact confirms
the cited reports found in the pseudo-hermetic book "The Key". The phrase "the
King' s first wife" seems to indicate, that King Naschti had more than one wife. The
names of the young men and virgins listed further down the text are also reported
in that story; they are:
Imuteph, Mui, Phannuti; Chaseph, Nehimen, Taphne, and Tme, and form together
with Thot himself the circle of the eight so-called "worldly divinities", the founders
of art and science, the stewards of state and social life. Incidentally, Jmuteph is
identified as the Greek Aesclipios.
What we are interest in primarily though, are the sentences in the second part of
this biographical article: "And Ta'ut wrote many books, among them a book of
prophecy and a book of transfiguration". Should we still doubt that the "Book of
Transfiguration" is a treatise on the transfiguration of matter, in other words, an
alchemistic book, then the following sentence will clarify this beyond doubt: "And
from the book of transfigurations they took the great formula Waswasa Kabira and
engraved it onto a slate of emerald (Lich Izmargad)." - This slate of emerald,
Tabula Smaragdina, does indeed play a major role in alchemistic tradition. Even
the oldest alchemists mention it and it is purported to Hermes Trismegistos. The
formula engraved on it has been cited over and over again, but its genuinity
remained in question until it became known that the original can be found at the
Museum of Bit Nur. Right away I shall give you the exact words in Latin and
English, exactly as it is commonly found in alchemistic works:
Verum est, certum et verissimum, quod est superius, naturam habet inferioris et
ascendens naturam descendentis. Conjungas unica via et dispositione. Sol
rubens est eius cuningii pater et alba Luna mater; tertius succedit, lit gubernator,
ignis Cra sum lac subtile et hoc spissum reddito. Ad hunc modum gloriam habes
huius mundi.
It is true, surely and undoubtedly: The upper has the nature of the lower and the
ascending has the nature of the descending. Connect it in a common way and by
partition. The reddish sun is father of said marriage and the white moon the
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mother; thirdly joins in fire as the ruler. Make fine that, which is coarse and thicken
it again. Thus, you will have the acclaim of this world.
These then are the traditional words, which, however, differ significantly from the
original text on the emerald slate. We will study them and identify the differences
later. However, especially this one sentence, which is almost exactly the same in
both texts: " The upper has the nature of the lower" - especially this one has
caused later annotators the most difficulties. In the fourth chapter we will see that
he, who first wrote it down, must have already have had such thorough insight
into the structures of matter, as it has been rediscovered by us only after a long
period of erring in the dark and only through means of the most recent research
results in chemistry, especially in the area of radio activity.
Furthermore it must be pointed out that the general understanding of that
inscription was based on a common misconception: it was taken as some sort of
recipe for the creation of the Philosophers’ Stone or as some universal tincture,
and not as what it truly was: a magic formula for transformation. They
comprehended better the Chakimin of Bit Nur, which can already be deduced
from the fact that they called it a "Waswasa" in a Chaldaic translation of Ta'
ut'
s
biography and even accepted it into the "Sifr Waswasat" (collection of magic
formulas). In Chaldaic the word "waswas" means "to whisper"; Therefore,
waswasa is something whispered and serves as a description of magic formulas,
because these are usually spoken in a low voice.
And now I believe to have discussed Hermes Trismegistos in sufficient detail.
However, I could not possibly have been more brief about him, since he is the
actual founder of alchemy and his Tabula Smaragdina literally is the cornerstone
of the construction. Rightfully, therefore, alchemy is called an ancient Egyptian
science. However, if you wish to take its name from chemistry, the old local name
for Egypt, you take it too far. I prefer the other derivation, according to which the
name alchemy stems from the Arabic article al- and the Greek word
= "juice",
or = "the study of the juices".

In Egypt alchemy was practiced by priests until the middle of the 7th century of
our time, that is, counted from the times of Hermes Trismegistos, a time period of
almost five and half millennia. Then followed the invasion of the Arabs and the
destruction of the great library of Alexandria. Fortunately the conquerors had
some consideration for natural sciences and were not ashamed to learn from the
Egyptians in this respect. And thus, soon after the foundation of the caliphates in
Spain, we find that notable scholars there study alchemy: the Arab medical doctor
Abu Mus a Dshabir as-Sufi, commonly known as Geber, was the one, who first
postulated, after thorough experimentation, that all metals consist of sulfur and
quicksilver and differ only in the quantitative proportions of those two materials,
which transformed the alchemistic problem to a simple mixture problem, which
should be solvable by melting, distilling, subliming, and similar procedures.
Unfortunately, Geber'
s theory caused more misfortune than blessing, because it
was misunderstood. The Arab scholar did not mean that "sulfur" and "quicksilver",
as we know them by those names, but the chemical carriers of flammability and
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meltability, which is also untiringly emphasized by knowledgeable alchemists over

and over again: "This solaric and lunaric wonder-sulfur is indeed contained in all
creatures in form of their soul, but only truly wise ones comprehend, how to
separate it from the coarse and impure." (G. v. Welling, Opus magocabalisticum,
1735); "And therefore, common quicksilver does not enter into our doing; from this
our mercury is wholly different. Our' s is spirit and seed of metals ..." (F.S.F.
Melvolodemet, Non plus ultra veritatis, 1751).
Geber' s name, however, does not only deserve acclaim in alchemy, but also in its
derived science, chemistry. For he was the first to discover the production
procedures of different acids and he described them explicitly: he extracted
sulfuric acid by distillation of alum, hydrochloric (muriatic) acid by distillation of
sodium nitrate with vitriol and produced aqua regis from sodium nitrate and
ammonium chloride.
From Spain alchemy slowly spread across all of Europe. In Germany a skilled
alchemist appeared already in the 11th century: Paulus, a baptize Jew, who
worked for the archbishop Adalbert von Bremen and claimed that he learned the
art of turning copper into gold in Greece.
In the 13th century there are centers of alchemy and numerous "adepts" (that is
what the initiated called themselves) in France, Italy, and England - too numerous
to be named here individually. We have to limit ourselves to name only but a few,
namely the most brilliant ones, from that literally endless international list.
However, there were of course also quite a few adventurers, who used alchemy
solely as a pretence in defrauding gullible people in that atmosphere of general
voracity for gold.
Naturally this caused the true science of the initiated to come into disrepute. If you
carry it as far today, as to claim with regards to these lamentable occurrences that
it does not deserve any credibility whatsoever, to actually deny that there ever
was a true initiate and to claim that all, who taught and wrote about this, were all
either cheats or were cheated themselves and all in part very well documented
transformations of ordinary metals into Gold were merely slights of hand or even
self-delusion, then that does not really require serious rebuttal.
Already the first name, which shall be mentioned here, that of Albertus Magnus,
deserves our fullest trust. This man, who with his extraordinary mind mastered the
sum-total of knowledge of his time and therefore was called "Doctor universalis",
stems from the noble family of the Earl of Bollstädt and was bon in 1193 in
Lauingen in Swabia. He studied in Padua, later taught at convent schools in
Cologne, Hildesheim, Freiburg, Regensburg, Strassburg; lived in Paris for a while,
became Provincial of the Order of the Dominicans in Germany in 1254 and was
Bishop of Regensburg from 1260 to 1262. Since 1262 he lived in Cologne again,
where he devoted himself exclusively to scientific research and eventually died
on November 15th, 1280. He mainly studied philosophy, medicine, and alchemy.
In philosophy he contributed significantly to the propagation of Aristotelian
teachings and his miraculous successes as a medical doctor caused speculation
that he was a magician.
His alchemistic ideas were fairly in line with those of Geber, with the exception
that he identifies as the constituents of metal not only sulfur and quicksilver, but
also water (which naturally cannot be taken to be common water either, but the
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carrier of the liquid as elementary property) and he assumed sulfur to contain all
four Aristotelian elements (earth, water, fire, and air), whereas quicksilver was
made up only of water and earth.
His most famous contemporary in England was Roger Bacon, born 1214 in
Ilchester in County Somerset. He studied at Oxford and received his Doctor of
Theology in Paris. Following this, he joined the Order of the Franciscans and
lectured at Oxford University with such success that he came to be called "Doctor
Mirabilis". He, too, was no stranger to all sciences of his times, but he applied all
his fervor towards physics and alchemy and was tireless in his experiments. He
invented magnifying glasses and is reported to have known gun powder long
before Berthold Schwarz and knew phosphor before Brandt (see below!). His
conviction that it is possible to transform metals and of the existence of the
Philosophers’ Stone and universal tincture were unshakable. As a consequence
of his liberal and for his times progressive ideas and his opposition to the
prevalent corruption of the monks it was unavoidable that he was slandered with
the pope and imprisoned for many years. He died in Oxford on June 11th, 1294.
Next came Arnoldus de Villanova, born in Provence around 1235, who led a very
adventurous life. His main contribution was the production and application of new
chemical preparations for curing illnesses, among them the so-called "drinkable
gold" (lat. aqua auri or aurum potabile).
The appearance of Raimundus Lullus was a turning point in alchemistic research.
He was born in 1234 in Palma de Mallorca. After having led a rather frivolous life
at the court of Aragon, he suddenly became smitten with remorse and began to
diligently apply himself to studying. He undertook long journeys, during which he
even met with Roger Bacon and Arnoldus de Villanova, who became his
teachers. He concluded his life by choosing a martyr' s death in Tunis in 1315,
where he had gone as a missionary to convert Muslims to Christianity. His
proverb "Mare tingerem, si Mercurius esset - I would transform the ocean into
gold, if it were quicksilver" was characteristic of his alchemistic self-esteem.
He summarized his studies and experiments in one of his books, which he titled
"Apertorium de compositione lapidis philosophorum". He was the first who
brought alchemy back on its mystic religious tracks after it had become a
somewhat profane science after being transplanted from its Egyptian origins and
he pointed out that it is not enough to use retorts and melting pots to accomplish
the grand opus, but that calling upon higher powers is a necessary requirement
for success. Chemistry owes to him the distillation of alcohol, ammonium
carbonate, and the production of etheric oils from rosemary leaves.
We now turn our attention to Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa of Nettesheim, born in
Cologne in 1487 as heir to a dynasty of knights. He was one of the most unique
characters of the 16th century. For seven years he served Emperor Maximilian I.
as soldier in Italy, then he turned to studying classic languages, medicine, and
philosophy; and already in 1509 he taught as Professor of Philosophy at Dole
(France) and in Cologne in 1510. During the following year he gave lectures on
Hermes Trismegistos in Pavia and in 1518 he appeared in Metz, later in Freiburg
and Geneva and in 1524 as medical doctor in Lyon. As medical doctor of the
mother of Franz I. he fell into disgrace and answered a call to Flanders by
11
Margaret of Austria, who was instrumental in his appointment as imperial

historian.
His treatise "De incetitudine scientiarum" caused him to make countless enemies,
though, and his book "De philosophia occulta", in which he declared magic to be
the most noble of all science and in which he proofed himself to be an eminent
scholar of the Kabbalah, completely discredited him as being a magician. He was
forced to escape and died in a hospital in Grenoble in 1535. The treatise on occult
philosophy also contains his alchemistic views.
Basilius Valentinus also belonged to the first half of the 16th century. Not much is
known about his life. He was born on the upper Rhine, traveled much of Europe
and lived as a Benedictine monk at the Peter' s Monastery in Erfurt. He was a
confident alchemist, but at the same time took pains to expand medical chemistry.
He wrote a treatise on the description and properties of numerous antimon
compounds, which he recommended for healing purposes. Besides this book,
"Chariot of Antimon", he also wrote many more treatises, which, however, were
not published before the 17th century by Senator Thölde in Frankenhausen. He
expanded Geber' s teachings on the constituents of metals, which he called "metal
seeds", by adding salt as carrier of fire resistance and solidity to sulfur and
quicksilver.
Theophastus Paracelsus was his contemporary but considerably more famous.
His actual name was Philippus Aureolus Bombastus of Hohenheim. He was born
in 1493 in Maria Einsiedeln in Carinthia as son of a medical physician. For years
he was alumnus to the abbot Tritheim, then led an unsteady life as traveling
student and army doctor visiting all of Europe, even Africa and Asia. In
possession of excellent medical, well, natural science knowledge, he lectured as
professor at Basel from 1526 to 1527. He despised traditional healing methods
inherited from ancient Romans and Arabs with all their complicated mixtures,
enemas, and phlebotomies and sought to establish a more natural art of healing
by reinforcing trust in the body's own healing powers and by simplifying
medicines. Homoeopathy was popularized somewhat later by Hahnemann, but it
was actually developed by Paracelsus. His philosophy with its concept of nature
as the highest living being and man as microcosm is ingenious. All in nature, so
he tells us, thrives on the urge of self-preservation. His alchemistic research led to
the discovery of zinc. He died in Salzburg in 1537.
The name of the Hamburg alchemist Brandt must not be omitted in this list. In
1669, while attempting to produce a gold elixir from urine, he discovered
phosphor. Other names honorably follow his on our list: Libavius, the Brussels
physician von Helmont, J. R. Glauber, discoverer of sulphate sodium bicarbonate
(sal mirabile, Glauber Salt), Robert Boyle, and many others, who eventually made
the transition from alchemy to chemistry.
One further true and significant alchemist was Johann Konrad Dippel (1673-
1734) from Hessen. He was a man of profound mind and knowledge. He had
studied theology, pharmacology, and law. Originally he was an orthodox
protestant, but later he converted to pietism. He is the inventor of Prussian blue
(iron III hexacyanoferrat II) and animal oils. - According to his teachings God is
the soul of the world and the world is the body of God, the divine being itself,
however, is surrounded by light and fire matter, in which the seed of the entire
12
bodily world can be found. Individual spirits are merely sparks of the same. He
personified natural forces and assumed a so-called "gold seed" in all three natural
realms, which he attempted to extract and describe for himself. Dippel, too, led a
rather unsteady life, sometimes gracefully accepted at some court, at others
persecuted, and eventually dying in poverty.
In summary, alchemy became more and more wide-spread during the 15th, 16th,
and 17th century and in consequence simultaneously fell into decay. The number
of adepts, those who aimed for candid and altruistic efforts to follow nature's
tracks and to explore its darkest secrets in all creation and transformation of
matter, grew smaller and smaller; while at the same time the number of greedy
adventurers, who hoped to effortlessly gain riches with the assistance of the
Philosophers’ Stone, grew. These were joined by a conspicuous horde of
downright fraudsters.
The "auri sacra famas" - the cursed greed for gold - had seized upon the entire
known world, commoners and farmers, monks and soldiers, and not to forget
even worldly and spiritual princes, who would have welcomed such an untiring
source of gold they so desperately needed for the costly bellicose activities and
wasteful habits of holding court. Emperors, Kings, and Princes all had their own
court alchemists and with expectations for large sums of money being earned as
a result, a lot of money was spent on equipping alchemistic laboratories. In a very
limited number of cases these expectations were met. It is important to take note
of this to contradict repeated claims that the creation of the Philosophers’ Stone
has never been successful and that everything that has ever been written about it
was sheer nonsense.
Emperor Rudolf II, who himself was an adept, and who sponsored several
alchemists in Prague (in small cottages below the Castle, which are sightseeing
destinations to this very day). He spent a large part of his life in laboratories
occupying himself with projections, i.e. throwing small parts of the Philosophers’
Stone onto molten metal in order to effect there transmutation. At the time of his
death he left a legacy of no less than 85 hundredweights of Gold and 60
hundredweights of silver.
Emperor Leopold' s I court alchemist was an Augustine monk by the name of Sa
yler, who produced gold in large quantities, which was used for ducates coined in
1657, embossed with: "From Wenzel Sayler’s powder' s might I have been turned
from tin to gold." With the help of an alchemist Emperor Ferdinand II also became
owner of a Philosophers’ Stone, which he used himself to transform two-and-a-
half pounds of quicksilver into gold. One of the medals coined from this gold was
still in existence in Vienna in 1797.
Around the same time the German Imperial Court had to settle a curious legal
battle between Countess Laßwitz and her husband: The countess had brought a
considerable set of silver dishes into the marriage and this had been turned into
gold by an alchemist by simply touching it with a Philosophers’ Stone. The
countess challenged the husband’s claim to common property to the dishes after
their transformation. - Unfortunately there is no record in which manner the
Imperial Court, famous throughout the world for its salomonic judgments,
managed to distance itself from this delicate affair.
13
The most diligent among the disbelievers, who tried to ridicule alchemy during the
18th century and who tried to deny the mere existence of the Philosophers’ Stone,
was Professor Crusius of Halle University. One day, when he was just closing his
lecture with yet another pseudo-superior damnation of that "lunacy", a stranger,
whom he had never noticed among his listeners before, rose and courteously
requested to demonstrate a transmutation ad oculos for those present. This offer
could hardly be refused. So they put some lead into a melting pot and heated it up
over a flame. As soon as it had become liquid, the stranger tossed a pea-size
piece of some yellow substance into the pot and immediately the molten lead took
on the color of gold. After it had solidified and cooled down sufficiently, those
present verified that in fact, what they held in their hands, was pure gold. The
stranger, however, removed himself muttering the words: "Nunc solve mihi hoc
aenigma!" and left the professor and his students speechless.
That failure in alchemy may sometimes have caused beneficial results in another
aspect can be demonstrated by the well known example of the pharmacist
Böttger. The courts at Prussia and Saxony fought over this man, who claimed to
have described the Philosophers’ Stone already at the age of sixteen. Having
luckily escaped his Prussian persecutors, he promptly fell into the hands of his
Saxon persecutors and, upon the order of the Elector Friedrich August II, was
brought to Castle Königstein. There the Elector furnished a laboratory for Böttger,
who had vowed to produce gold. Desperately Böttger started experimenting until
he created - not the Philosophers’ Stone, but porcelain. At first it was the brownish
red porcelain of the area around Meißen, the so-called Jaspis porcelain, but a few
years later he also produced porcelain. This invention, which became a source of
tremendous riches for Saxony, saved him from falling into disgrace with the
Elector and thus from serious punishment.
The secret societies of Illuminates and Rosicrucians involved themselves with
alchemy. In the same realm the two famous 18th century adventurers Cagliostro
and Count Saint Germain claimed to be adepts. The former answered a question
from Lavater, the well-known founder of physiognomy, who travelled to
Strassbourg just to meet the wondrous man, where he derived his knowledge
from and what his secrete power was, with those significant words: "In verbis, in
herbis, in lapidibus." - The last important event in the history of alchemy was the
foundation of the "Hermetic Society" by physician K.A. Kort, who authored the
"Jobsiade" in Bochum in 1810.
Alchemistic efforts died off entirely during the 19th century. The secret of the
Philosophers’ Stone was completely lost and alchemy had to give way to its
derived science chemistry. Decisive for the victory of the latter was the
increasingly more pervasive new study of the elements, whose founder was the
above mentioned Robert Boyle and which was now developed further by
Lavoisier. According to this science there were more than the four Aristotelian
elements (earth, water, fire, air), namely a larger, yet to be determined number of
base elements, which cannot be broken down further and which form the base
constituents of all matter. However, since all metals belonged to this group, it
became clear transmutation, which requires a total breakdown into their
constituent parts followed by a new combination, cannot be considered a
possibility anymore.
14
Following this theory of the elements the modern theory of molecules and atoms
developed: a molecule - the smallest mechanically producible part (pulverization,
or solution in liquid) that cannot be disassembled further, the atom - the smallest
chemically producible (heating, application of electricity) part, which cannot be
disassembled further. In this way modern science found a connection to the
theory of atoms of the old Greek philosophers with the exception that die smallest
indivisible particles of those atomist were all thought of in the same manner,
whereas in modern chemistry they were distinguished in terms of their individual
elements.
We have to stop at this point. If this new theory of the atoms was correct, then
there was no chance that alchemy could ever be revived. Worse yet: then all
those had to be right, who declared the Philosophers’ Stone a figment of the
imagination and denied that the alchemistic master piece or magisterium
magnum, transmutation of ordinary metals into noble metals ever occurred in an
alchemistic laboratory; then Raimundus Lullus with his "mare tingerem" was
nothing more than a vain braggart, Paracelsus a foolish buffoon, who was not
able not distinguish Gold from any other yellow mass, and Emperors Rudolf II,
Leopold I, and Ferdinand II, who had coins made from such metals, were nothing
more then counterfeiters - not to mention the German Imperial Court of Justice,
which in the case of Countess Laßwitz mistook superficially gilded silver dishes
for pure gold and therefore embarrassed itself with its (as mentioned unrecorded)
judgment.
However, in the third part of this booklet we shall see, what upheavals in
chemistry have been caused by the latest research since the discovery of
radioactivity. Because of it the theory of the "elements", which dominated science
for more than two centuries, was dealt a deadly blow and is, like many other
glorious theories (e.g. Newton' s theory on gravity and Darwin's evolution theory),
about to disappear into nothingness. Since it has been proven that the "element"
lead is nothing more than a degradation product of radium and that the "element"
nitrogen can be broken down into hydrogen and helium, this theory has been
stripped of its last defenses. The theory of atoms has been replaced by the theory
of electrons and by the development of the latter the alchemistic problem has
stepped back into the foreground.
15
Chronological index of selected important alchemistic publications:

Samuel Baruch: "Gift of God".
Rabbi Abraham Eleazar: "The Big Secret".
Johann von Sternberg: "Gloria Mundi, Little Paradise Tablet or Description of the
Acient Science Lapidis Philosophorum".
Johann Siebmacher: "The Golden Fleece".
Henry Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes): "Opened Entry to the Kings Sealed
Palace"
-: "Treatise on the Transmutation of Metals"
-: "Anthroposophia Magica".
-: "Anima Magica Abscondita".
Josaphat Friedrich Hautnorton: "Treatise on Philosophic Salt"
Johanna Leade (Leonina Constantia): "Sunflower of the Philosophers".
Dr. Johann Grashofer (Chortolassaeus): "The Secrets of the Big and Small
Farmer"
-: "Physica Naturalis Rotunda".
-: "Visiones Chemicae Cabalisticae".
Benedikt Gutwasser: "Candid Confession of Faith"
Georg von Welling: "Opus Mago-Cabalisticum et Theosophicum".
Graf Franciscus Onuphrius de Marsciano: "Hermetic Investigation of the
Philosopher`s Stone"
-: "Hermetic Letter to my Chosen Pupil of the Art"
L e o n h a r d von Altenburg: "Delarvatio Tincturae Philosophorum or Short
Simple Explanation of the Lapidis Benedicti"
Hermann Fictuld (Baron Meinstoff): „Hermetica Victoria, i.e. The Victory and
Triumph of the Famous and yet Dispised Hermaphrodite over the Hords of the
Patrons of the Realm of the Metals and Minerals.
- : "Test Stone".
-: "Turba Philosophorum or Collection of Proverbs of the Philosophers on the
Philosopher`s Stone"
-: ,,Moses'Testament or the Princely-Monarchistic Rose of Jericho"
Franz Sebastian Melvolodemet: "Non Plus Ultra Veritatis".
Johann Ferdinand Frydau: "Letter to a Royal Prince of the German Empire"
-: "Light of the Light, that is the Description and Illumination of the Philosophers’
Stone, as it is to be Placed into the Realm of Nature and How it is to be Attained"
Dydacus Senertus: "Commentary and Letter on True Hermetic Scholars"
16
Elias Artista: "The Secret of Salt as the Noblest Creature of the Highest Devine
Blessing in the Realm of Nature, investigated both in its Characters and
Properties". A new edition of this important publication, which was written by a Rosicrucian, has
been published by E. Barteis Publishers, Berlinweißensee!
C. F. K: "The Light that breaks free from Darkness in three Italian Songs,
accompanied by the Interpretation of a French Author on the Secret of the
Philosophers’ Stone"
Anonymus: "The True Path to the Hermetic Art, accompanied by Commentaries
on Aberrations"
-: " Hermetic A. B. C. of the True Philosophers of Ancient and Modern Times on
the Philosophers'Stone
-: "Microcosmic Prelude to a New Heaven and a New Earth"
17
II. At the School of the Adepts

1. The Laboratory.
And now ... how do I best perform my duty to introduce you, kind reader, into the
secrets of alchemy? - For this purpose I take the liberty to first set you back about
a quarter millennium, into the period of prosperity of the "hermetic art", and to
invite you on a personal visit to a laboratory. For he, who without prejudice seeks
enlightenment, who has the honest wish to explore the heights and depths of the
secret sciences, cannot and must not be satisfied with what modern lack of
understanding reports about it, but must go to the sources, where it is still
unclouded, and learn from the adepts themselves.
However, before we start out on our visit, I believe it advisable to prepare the
reader a little and to draw his attention to various things, which might irritate him
otherwise and thus blemish the comprehension of what he will see and hear.
Alchemy is - let me remind you once more - a true secret science and those who
practiced it formed something like a spiritual brotherhood, which sought to close
itself off to the outside world and protect itselves by all available means against
profane curiosity. They had agreed upon signs and words, so one adept could
immediately recognize another and when they talked amongst each other about
their art, they used a curious language, rich with imagery, which remained
completely incomprehensible to the uninitiated. The same language you find in
books and letters, which also have been written for the exclusive use by adepts,
because the lectures to students, who wished to become adepts, were only given
orally.
The great secret of the Philosophers’ Stone was passed on orally only. The
creation of the precious matter was taught clearly and unambiguously and
explained in practical training. Writings, however, which were originally done in
script and later in print, are purposely designed to confuse the masses, while
being perfectly comprehensible for the initiated. These works are available in
large numbers, however, the thread of oral tradition has been severed a long time
ago and that is the reason, why we still hold the secret of the Philosophers’ Stone
and at the same time do not: we have the letter, but the spirit, which is relevant,
has escaped us and all effort to recall it are in vain.
Another curious characteristic of the hermetic brotherhood, which we should soon
notice in talking with any representative, is their highly emphasized piety. An
unsuspecting reader or listener, unfamiliar with the general atmosphere at that
time will get the impression from all those extolments of God and the Savior, from
those countless citations of bible quotes, which frequently seem totally arbitrary,
that there cannot ever have been any Christians with more conviction then those
alchemists. And yet, the same applies here, which I have already pointed out in
another publication with regards to magicians and witches of medieval times: true
adepts were, just like true magicians, initiates to our secret teachings, which, once
you comprehended their true believes, all would invariably have made their way
into the torture chambers and eventually burned at the stake. Despite of all their
care, many failed to escape that destiny and we have seen from the biographies
of Albertus Magnus and Agrippa von Nettesheim, how close even these great
men came to falling victim to the dark fanaticism of their contemporaries. I believe
18
I do not need to expand on this point and the reader will know how to evaluate the
Christianity of the adepts. This whole image of apparently devoted piety is much
too prevalent and deliberate to be taken seriously.
And now, dear reader, let us enter into the sanctus sanctorum!
The alchemistic laboratory we are visiting is a spacious vault covered in a
secretive dark twilight to which our eyes need to get used before we are able to
notice and distinguish details. The only window that allows a little light to enter is
not particularly large and consists of colored stained glass with wide leading.
There is a large table at the center of the room, holding a large stone plate
cluttered with bowls, glasses, skillets, pots, and numerous tools.
A bleached skull - a grisly memeto mori - grins at us from the bookshelf in the
corner across the room, its shelves filled with fat foliates bound in pig-skins. Right
across the window there is a wide recess in the wall topped by the chimney. A
protrusion serves as a kind of hearth, on which the actual work of the alchemist is
done: a metal tripod holds a retort of immense proportions, reddishly illuminated
by the glowing hot coal beneath it. Next to it is a second one on a complicated
copper oven.
Coal thongs and bellows are lying conveniently at the edge of the fireside. The
alchemist himself, a tall, honorable figure with a long wavy beard to his chest
stands bend over the hearth and watches both retorts with tense attention, so that
he does not even notice our entry. He wears a long robe and a strangely shaped
cap, which has some similarity to the so-called phrygish cap. - When he finally
notices us, he approaches and greets us with friendly words and a handshake.
Our concern to learn more about the noble art to which he has dedicated his life
and work is received with exceptional benevolence. He agrees to answer all our
questions and to show and explain anything that attracts our interest
However, I must ask the kind reader to trust me with conducting the interview, if
we are to achieve a satisfactory result. I shall try to ask my questions in a manner
that will give us fairly straightforward answers, which will be comprehensible even
to the uninitiated. As Chakim of Bit Nur, where alchemy is practices as well, of
course in a more advance form then the medieval one, I know a fair bit and
hopefully shall succeed in prompting the old master to provide more in depth and
honest revelations than they have ever been admitted to by one of his equals to
any curious visitor.
2. Questions and Answers.

I: "What is the nature and true purpose of alchemy?"
The Adept: "True alchemy teaches us, how all natural bodies and products,
especially the matter of the philosophers'stone though, that some thing in the
world, which we call gold, can be dissolved completely in transformed into a
medication to cure all ills and to improve some lesser metals."
I: "Can anybody who desires it partake in such delightful wisdom?"
The Adept: "No. This is the greatest secret of nature, which nobody can achieve
without special benediction from God and is dedicated only to those who truly love
Him and the Next in Jesus: that is why the philosophers swear their pupils with
oath and God to secrecy. No godless creature shall or may achieve it, regardless
19
how scholarly, funny, rich, powerful, or sanctimonious he may be, so that God’s
anger and punishment will not be raised by multiplying their sins, because abuse
would be rampant. That is why God holds his protective hand over it."
I: "Which special properties is the philosophers'stone reputed to have?"
The Adept: "The virtue of our stone is delightful, manifold, and wondrous; in noble
improvement of lesser, impure and immature metals, as well as in eliminating
illness, recovery and maintenance of health over all other medications. It also
softens glass, ennobles lesser stones and makes small pearls large. It is and by
dissolving it in wine provides us with true agua aurum for our health, which is not,
as some fraudsters would have it, made of ordinary metal gold, but rather made of
gold of wisdom."
I: "Which basic assumptions does alchemy make in its research and efforts for the
philosophers'stone?"
The Adept: "There are two effective causes in this world: nature and art. Nature
creates new things every day, cares for them, and destroys them again; art
assists nature in its efforts for improvement. Those are the true philosophers and
physicians, who explore the powers and virtues of things in the moon circle, taken
from the properties of the elements as well as the heavens and stars, the same is
true for the nature of animals, plants, minerals, metals, and jewels."
I: "If I understood you correctly, alchemists strive to produce noble metals and
jewels in the same manner, in which plants and animals are produced?"
The Adept: "Absolutely! However, there is a difference: plants and animals carry
their own seed, metals on the other hand cannot be multiplied or improved, if they
are not first turned back into the spermatic matter."
I: "In other words, the materia prima! But what is this materia prima?"
The Adept: "The first matter of metals is nothing other than sulfur and mercury."
I: „What? Ordinary sulfur and ordinary mercury?"
The Adept: "Not at all. The philosophers'sulfur and mercury and not ordinary
brimstone and quicksilver, but the heavenly. The philosophers'metallic sulfur can
be found in virgin earth, just like jewels are found in rocks. And the philosophers'
mercury, although extremely important for the entire world, cannot be simply
found on earth: it does not show itself: it is naked, and yet, nature has
miraculously enveloped it."
I: "I presume - based on what I just heard - that the philosophers seek to win their
heavenly sulfur and mercury, the two base constituents of metals or metal seeds
from a common material that contains both."
The Adept: "That assumption is correct. Secretly the metals have the same
matter, it is mercury with its sulfur; they only differ in purity, mixture, boiling, or
timing. However, there is one matter, our virgin earth, the virgin mother, which
carries both in her pregnant womb, to whom our hermetic art provides midwife
services. In this one and only thing or beginning of our work are all forces of this
world, a mercurial sulfur and a sulfaric mercury, i.e. a fiery water and a watery
fire."
20
I: "Your insinuations, master, make me desirous to learn more about this virgin
earth."
The Adept: "The know that that thing is known to all men, young and old. You can
find it in fields, mountains, villages, towns and nobody pays it any attention. Poor
and rich men have it; frequently women and girls throw it out into the street, also
the handle it the most. In the same realm children in the street play with it. Yet,
after the soul it is the most valuable in man, the most beautiful, at the same time
the worst and most despised thing in all the world, expelled and disposed of by all
men; yet, so good that it cannot be paid once it has been incorporated."
I: "Now I am truly in the dark. Won'
t you tell me the solution to this riddle straight
away?"
The Adept: "Oh alright -- the name of our subject, in Latin as well as in Hebrew,
ends in three letters and is also called by four signs or characters."
I: "I see. Then my suspicion, which I was just afraid to voice, was correct: I are
talking about salt, which is salt in Latin and in Hebrew, in which only consonants
are written, it is called Melach! But I am surprised that this simple stuff should
have such astonishing properties."
The Adept: What virtues the salt of the earth has is best known to the explorers of
natural secrets; for that reason Christ uttered to his apostles with deepest
conviction: You are the salt of the earth! Yes, he even used salt and fire as
synonyms, when he said in Marc 9:49: Everything must be salted with fire!" -- And
therefore, there is tremendous power hidden in ordinary salt. Its nature extends to
all three realms, because like sourdough in every body with which it is mixed, it
permeated and changes its nature. In truth it is the quintessence, the forceful
being, soul and life of the earth and all elements, the good thing, the benevolence
of the Lord in all things."
I: "And yet, not all apostles of the hermetic art appear to agree on this point. I
recall having heard from others that they are using different matter for producing
the philosophers'stone; the metals themselves, air, blood, urine, human semen,
human feces, egg shells, flint, even meteors and such. -- What about that,
master?"
The Adept: "You have indeed accounted for all major fallacies of a pitiful pseudo-
alchemy in just one breath. There are primarily the metal forgers who aim to force
a life giving stone or dieing tincture from gold, silver, or mercury or attempt to
elevate silver to gold. If you try to turn ordinary gold, silver, and other metals back
to their materia prima, you are a fool. You cannot create bodies from bodies, only
from seeds: this, however, is already eliminated in metals and therefore they
cannot multiply. And those so-called air-fisher are no better. They laboriously
want to gather their materia prima at the right time, gather it purely and, yes,
savor it perfectly in pure glass vessels. The look for Hermes’s bird before sunrise,
when in spring it stands in the zodiac sign of Aries, fiery, full of astral salt, to
capture it and collect a good constant stock by attracting the breath of free air,
with their tongue and blowing it into convenient glass bottles for the purpose of
distilling their force.
Those who, from the tenth hole of man, collect saliva, which they let rot and then
extract the pure matter, follow them. Pointless and negligible are also all attempts
21
the produce the secret from blood, urine, human or animal excrements. Finally I
shall mention the key makers and the concrete artists. Those have small, large
and a main or universal key, depending on the differences in locksmiths. These
consist primarily of corrosive waters, depending on different production methods,
or from putrid urine as main key. Your water, too, does not come from the right
fountain! Your corrosive fumes are more detrimental than beneficial to the metals.
Look for another, more metal friendly water, which is related to them and stays
with them! Your corrosive waters always evaporate and steal from the metals
instead of ennobling them! - The concrete artists on the other hand believe to
achieve as much on the dry way as the aforementioned on the wet, and instead of
improving the metals, they spoil them. Who can truthfully produce gold from
blood, iron rust, calamine, vermilion, ammonium chloride, and such? Yes, it will be
dispersed, but it will not be transmuted to gold!"
I: "Then let us turn away from these fumblers and their fruitless efforts and back to
out salt. -- How then is this treated by the true philosophers, of whom you yourself
are one, to produce this wondrous stone?"
The Adept: "I thank God and our Lord Jesus Christ for this invaluable gift from
their immeasurable riches with which I have been blessed from my childhood to
this very day and which delights me every day! Praise and prayer be yours my
most wonderful Jesus, in eternity! - Hear then, dear friend, the great secret; pay
attention to each word and guard it truly in your heart! For there is a deep
meaning hidden in this image. Do not allow the plain, rough exterior of our virgin
to deter you; although her garments are ugly before disrobing, gray, dirty, and
smelly, but once she sheds them, the naked, glowing white Diana stands before
your eyes and beneath her feet lies the locked chest containing her dowry. This
cleanse now of its rough exterior and your stench of soiled clothes, with the
solution that has sprung from the same; then you shall not require a key to open
it; but it will open on its own volition and you shall find therein a white silver box
full of diamonds and another one of gold full of wonderful solar rubies. The
diamonds are the snow-white teeth and the rubies the bloody sweat of the naked
virgin. Finally note that the red cover or surface of the box shall be incinerated
and cleansed by the artificial fire of the philosophers. Then to work. Everything
lies at your feet, everything springs from the land and shall be found there."
I: "Many thanks, master! I believe to have understood enough of your instruction
to know that the virgin in the gray garments is your ordinary rock salt, whereas by
naked Diana you mean the purified salt. By bloody sweat and snow-white teeth
you probably mean sulfur and mercury, which can be extracted from the purified
salt by means of solution and sublimation."
The Adept: "Indeed, exactly that! And I believe they are also called blood and
milk, which flow from the virgin'
s womb and breasts, or the red and white flowers
on a green garden bed; that warm, dry and manly, that cold and moist female.
Only after they have been combined again can they be called materia prima
metallorum, sprung from the four elements; under the auspices of the heavens
and he stars; both substances are also constituents of the great stone and that is
probably why they are hidden within the gray box."
22
I: "Master, I would like now to be taught in more detail on the entire procedure, not
just to the extraction of sulfur and mercury, but also their unification, the final
creation of the lapis philosophorum and its use in ennobling metals."
The Adept: " This whole process, my friend, is separated into seven steps:
calcination, solution, sublimation, reduction, fixation, multiplication, and
projection."
I: "What is calcination?
The Adept: "Calcination, which precedes solution and sublimation, is the
cleansing of our earth of all excrements, as I had indicated earlier. It is the
spiritual, invisible damping of the ephemeral beings from our earth and the drying
of it with maintenance, yes, even increase of the finite root moisture, so its
ephemeral part can easily be replenished, which is being separated from its
infinity by miraculous art. In this manner the parched earth desirously drinks up its
own essence, which it had lost. Then, by repeated drenching and drying out of the
life essence the natural warmth of the body rises. This makes the virgin earth and
its metallic seed come alive through it fiery-spiritual life water and heavenly fire;
for this is the life-giving, creating, and maintaining father."
I: "And what can you tell me about solution?"
The Adept: "The solution is the key to the entire are. Just as ice turns into water
when exposed to fire, so it is with our stone. It only requires the aid of our artist’s
handiwork and natural fire, because the matter cannot do this on its own volition
as though it was eternally lying within the earth. Therefore, help it, but do not add
strange or disgusting material. It must decompose at its own leisure through the
application of mild warmth and reintroduction and solution into the original water,
so that the invisible, unfathomable, bogus spirit can be expelled and the
coarseness of the salt can be made more subtle through rebirth and with it an
inseparable union will be achieved."
I: "Forgive me, master, but despite all effort I am not certain that I have
understood you correctly. - The solution occurs in the retort on a slow flame?"
The Adept: "Exactly. You place the purified matter into the philosophers'egg and
seal it well. However, be careful not to take too much or too little, so its flower will
neither dry out too fast nor suffocate. Three parts of the vessel must be empty
and one vessel must not contain more than two ounces at most. Then place it in
your stove and manipulate it wisely, so that the external warmth will not exceed
the inner warmth. Because, if it is too high, the union cannot occur, because the
heat would destroy it. If, however, the external, living, moving warmth is less than
required, then the spirit of the matter will remain immovable and latent and will not
congeal with the base moisture."
I: "I shall remember that, master! And now I think we can proceed to sublimation.
What is the significance of that?"
The Adept: "Sublimation is the unified body' s elevation and exaltation through our
pure and at the same time its pure spirit. For this everything that belongs to it
must be pure in order to be unified. To achieve this pureness, it is necessary that
our ephemeral spirit be poured liberally over its body so it can take it with it into its
heaven. Also, you must pay attention, if spirit and body are to be united, the spirit
23
must slowly flow onto the body on a slow fire until the body has completely
dissolved and the spirit within the pores of the water has been completely
absorbed by the body, when both embrace each other and one finds easy entry
into the other, because they are of the same nature. If the external fire is very
mellow, then they accept each other in an ever increasing measure and will
become one, different from the originals. The result will be a watery substance,
which can undergo a separating treatment when this watery substance is
reintroduced into the purified body, so the both can bear the son of the fire, sulfur,
which is not watery, not earthly, not fiery, not ephemeral, but the same as silver
foil, from which our stone is produced without further intermediary action."
I: "I see! Now it gets interesting. And the process, by which both sulfur and
mercury, which we have extracted by sublimation, are united to produce from that
the philosophers'stone, is called reduction, I suppose?"
The Adept: "Yes, reduction is the unification of both highly purified beginnings into
an inseparable mass. Note, however, that they are different: one is the active and
suffering and the other of the red mercury and the leafed earth or sulfur. In the
first instance you must place the earth into a glass vessel together with its highly
rectified water, so that the airy and fiery moisture of our mercury become part of
the earth. The phlegm of our mercury, however, can be extracted by means of an
alembicum. In the other reduction the ephemeral part of the earth by a subtle,
fiery smoke, which it contains, coagulates and solidifies. This smoke, which is
lodged inside our earth, affects an ephemeral beginning to turn into their solidified
nature; then the elements cease all movement. And so it continues in repetition
until both, the spiritual moisture and the earthly dryness, thicken, indicated by
their blackness. Then open the vessel, apply an alembicum and distill all
unpleasant phlegm on a slow fire as much as possible. Once it is all gone, seal
the vessel; in this manner the moisture will be solidified."
I: "Stop, master! I appears, you have already proceeded from reduction to fixation;
or is there another procedure that is called thusly?"
The Adept: "No, however, fixation does indeed follow directly after reduction. The
modus of this fixation, as completion of this work, is, as we just discussed, that
the light, ephemeral parts are cleverly kept on the fire, until the get accustomed to
it and will eventually endure a bigger fire. All that matters is the fixation of the
spirit in its own purified body; repeated solution and fixation impart its forces on it
to enter into the body and permeate it. After prolonged treatment the mass turns
into a white, then a red and finally a yellow diaphan, semi-liquid firm and
shimmering in gold. Once the blackness is replaced by the whiteness and the
redness and finally the yellowish diaphane coloring and properties, the
philosophers'stone is completed."
I: "Then what purpose does multiplication serve?"
The Adept: "The purpose is, as the name indicates, the proliferation of our work in
quality as well as in quantity. When the stone of the first order is completed and
perfected, we dissolve it again with our moist white and red mercury - white on
white and red on red -, which shall increase the stones power and virtue: because
the spirit will strengthen from this cooking and will promulgate the solid part,
which, if promulgated repeatedly, will achieve the highest power, which shall
conquer everything. However, there is a second way to perform multiplication,
24
which is that you apply a part of the finished and perfected stone, about the size
of a bean to one hundred ounces of gold or one thousand ounces of quicksilver,
which are transmuted into red powder by this process. Of this take one ounce to a
hundret ounces of molten gold or to a thousand ounces of quicksilver or any
molten ordinary metal; this will turn all into gold, which is of higher quality the gold
from mines."
I: "So in the latter case it is not multiplication anymore, but already projection,
correct?"
The Adept: "Indeed. In the follow-up you perform the projection step-by-step, on
part of the stone on ten parts of the metal to be transmuted; thus it will soon
permeate and mix without lengthy or elevated heating, so it can promptly be taken
off the fire and allowed to cool off. Therefore, if in the future you apply one part to
one hundred, the stones substance will be maintained until it is transmuted in its
entirety; for it holds quicksilver, due to its coldness, the medication over the fire,
until it mixes but does not evaporate anymore. Finally you may apply it to a
thousand parts. However, all beginnings of the stone must be subtle and feigned;
for the more subtle and feigned it is done, the more redundant its effect will be."
I: "This was a very educational lecture, revered master, for which I cannot thank
you enough. However, I fear, I shall not succeed remembering everything and it
would be a shame for each word I forget."
The Adept: "For that reason, my friend, I wish to review the entire work' s
completion in brevity. - First take the renowned stone, our secretive salt, and
make it pure and mellow by means of continuous work until you achieve the
highest degree of purity and ephemerity. Then firm it up bit-by-bit until it can sit in
a blazing fire; extremely white on silver and extremely red on gold, through boiling
timing until it takes on the white and finally red collar. Purification is the first,
making it subtle and ephemeral the second and third step, timing the fourth,
fixation the fifth grade; the sixth grade is multiplication and elevation, as much and
as frequently as to allow it to easily flow and melt, so that with it unified ferments it
can ascend to the last grade, projection. From the repetition of the sixth grade
evolves the quality of the medication and its ability to transform imperfect bodies
and to improve silver and gold, to heal all illness, to cheer up your mood, to
strengthen your powers, and to cure all hot and cold fevers."
I: "Then, please allow me on or the other further question, master, and assign it to
my thirst for knowledge."
The Adept: "Proceed, ask! For the field of our hermetic art is large indeed and it
holds many secrets, which are not readily obvious to the uninitiated."
I: "Primarily, I believe to recall that in the alchemistic letters I did not read about
those seven steps just recounted by you, master, but more or less, and with
different names."
The Adept: "True, however, this is merely a result of the fact that some of those
aforementioned tasks are taken together under one name, or that individual task
are subdivided into several subcategories. Solution and sublimation, for example,
are frequently bundled as putrefaldion, whereas calcination in subdivided into
distillation and alteration, and fixation into circulation and coagulation. However,
25
that is just a matter of terminology; the nature of the processes remains

unaffected by that."
I: "Furthermore, I only heard you speak of the materia prima. However, this leads
me to assume there must be materia secunda and tertia, which is indeed
mentioned by some alchemists. And what relation do these materials have to the
frequently cited essentia quinta, which, amazingly, you neglected to mention at
all?"
The Adept: "You do me injustice, my friend. I have spoken of all of these, albeit, I
have not mentioned them explicitly. So, listen! Yes, listen carefully, especially
since less conscientious alchemists frequently confuse these names, so that their
letters contain many erroneous statements. Learn and remember primarily that
materia prima and quinta essentia are one and the same, the heavenly original
matter from which everything else has been created. It is called materia prima,
because it was at the beginning, because from it the Creator formed the visible
world; quinta essentia, however, because it is the fifth property of the four
elements, which in themselves are the materia secunda. All other materials, which
are not formed directly form the materia prima, but are compounds of the four
elements, are materia tertia."
I: "Forgive me, master, one objection: I believe I recall that at the beginning of our
discourse you used the term materia prima with reference to sulfur and mercury,
which are extracted from salt."
The Adept: "Indeed, however, I explicitly called that matter materia prima
metallorum, a term, which is much more specific than the term materia prima
universalis. The former is already a modification of the latter and one must not be
confused with the other."
I: "I would also much desire to hear some detail on external aides, on vessel in
which the work is done and the fire that is used."
The Adept: "There is nothing especially artful about the vessel and the hearth. It is
simply a cast vessel, wherein purified and separated matter is reunified, boiled,
soaked, coagulated, sublimated, calcinated, and crushed. The bottom on the
inside is rounded, thick, strong, somewhat elevated and the top is formed rather
like a piston or flask; however, in such a manner that it can be sealed off properly
with a linen cloth of paper, so nothing can fall into it, yet at the same time moisture
can escape it. You will not need any other vessel. The hearth, too, is of the
simplest kind and made so that you can maintain a continuous soft warmth."
I: "Is that the same hearth I see over there? The same that is called althanor by
the philosophers?"
The Adept: "Yes, that is what it is called, because it constantly replenishes its fuel
from a larger store. Some irreverently call it '
lazy John."
I: "However, I know, that instead of direct fire, some also use steam, water, ash,
sand, and dung baths. What do you think about such methods?"
The Adept: "Since the only criterion is correct and mild warmth, it is irrelevant,
how you generate it. I am well aware that especially the water bath, which is
called balneum maris, is very popular, but I cannot see anything special in it. The
26
same goes for some of those rather elaborate contraptions of those who use
convex mirrors or lenses and yet, return to ordinary fire when the sun set."
I: "And what amount of the matter, I mean our virgin earth, the salt, is required, to
produce a sufficient piece of that precious stone?"
The Adept: "A sufficient piece - that would be at least an ounce, as I indicated
earlier on the occasion of discussion multiplication and projection. Well then, with
just a little matter and without much time the deed cannot be done. You must
have at least three pounds of purified earth, of prepared salt."
I: "So you are saying the whole process takes a long time?"
The Adept: "The whole period, from the outset to completion take one year and
sixteen weeks. Of that the first three tasks, in other words from calcination to
sublimation, one-and-a-half quarter years. In this time the two magic lights are
born, white and red, and from these, during the remaining time the purified golden
star will rise, which is the result of reduction and fixation. Multiplication and
reduction, however, are not entered into this calculation, because they involved
the already completed stone."
I: "What does the completed stone look like?
The Adept: "It is golden-yellow and transparent like pure glass."
I: "However, aside from the lapis philosophorum I hear also spoken of tinctura
universalis and aurum potabile. What connection do the latter have to the
former?"
The Adept: "Tinctura universalis or the Great Elixir is nothing other than a solution
of the stone in aqua destillata, therefore also known as vinegar of the
philosophers. This solution is ruby-red, regardless of the original yellow color of
the stone. However, if you dissolve the stone in wine instead of in aqua destillata,
you will produce aurum potabile."
I: " And now one last question, master: Among the many wondrous properties of
the stone you also mentioned that it is capable of making glass soft. That would
be a rather strange thing, although, if I am not mistaken, it has already been
reported by the ancients."
The Adept: "You are not mistaken. Pleinius already told us the following tale: One
day a man came to visit Emperor Tiberius and offered him a magnificient glass
goblet as a present. However, when the Emperor wanted to take it, the man, with
obvious awkwardness, let it slip to the floor. The Emperor was startled, but his
immediate surprise was even greater, when he noticed that the goblet did not
break on the hard floor, but was merely dented. Immediately the man produced a
hammer with which he repaired the dent as though the goblet was made of
metal."
I: "And what was the artist'
s reward for his unique gift?"
The Adept: "A reward worthy of Tiberius. The emperor questioned him whether
anybody else besides him mastered the art of producing such glass and when this
was denied Tiberius had the man arrested and beheaded, so that, as Plinius
claims, gold would not loose its value because of such a precious material. I
27
believe, however, he only wanted to raise the value of the goblet by making it
unique in this manner."
I: "That is a remarkable tale."
The Adept: "Oh, there are other reports with regards to soft glass. The ancient
Egyptians already knew of it and when Caliph Harun er-Rashid had ordered to
have the pyramids investigated, thirty treasuries were discovered, which were
brimming with jewels, earthen vessels, weapons and tools of all kinds, among
those they also found glass that could be bent without breaking, as we are told by
the reporter Abd el-Kerim."
28
Explanation of Terms
to facilitate the study of alchemistic writings.
Abdorossa: Name of the Virgin, i.e. the salt as raw material for preparation of the
philosophers'stone.
Abyssi naturae: abysses of nature, the three realms of nature (animals, plants,
minerals).
Adamah: the earth, from which God created Adam, symbol of salt.
Adept: someone initiated into alchemy
Adesia: the philosophers'stone prior to multiplication.
Aether: "air of paradise"; as opposed to "heavenly lima", the spiritual constituents
of salt.
Agat, black: salt prior to extraction of sulfur and mercury.
Air fishermen: pseudo-alchemist, who attempted to extract the raw material for
the production of the Philosophers'Stone from air.
Alcahest: menstruate, philosophers'mercury extracted from salt
Alchemy: the art of producing the philosophers'stone.
Alchymus: the fiery essence; salt during its treatment in a retort.
Alembicus: melting pot
Alteration: part of sublimation
Androdamas: By-nae of salt as raw material for producing the philosophers'
stone.
Androgyn: hermaphrodite, hybrid; salt, because it is extracted from a male and a
female constituent (sulfur and mercury).
Apollo: red mercury of the philosophers.
Archaeus: "Spirit of the World", the inner fire that achieves transmutation in a
retort.
Arez: ordinary earth as opposed to Adamah.
Athanor: alchemistic hearth, which automatically replenishes its fuel.
Aurum potabile: (drinkable gold, aqua auri): solution of the philosophers'stone in
wine.
Balneu in maris: water bath for indirect warming of a retort.
Beja: philosophers'mercury.
Bird of Hermes (Pantaura): philosophers'salt.
Brother and sister: sulfur and quicksilver of the philosophers as male and female
constituents of materia prima.
Calcination: purification of rock salt of its feces.
29
Cameleon: salt, because it takes on different colors during transformation to the

philosophers'stone.
Capricus: philosophers'sulfur.
Caput mortuum: (skull): residue in distillation.
Caraha: Arabic term for retort.
Carbunkel: philosophers'mercury, extracted from black agat stone
Central fire: warmth from the sun, which has the same significance in nature as
the artificial fire of the alchemist to the material in the retort.
Central salt: "virginal earth", salt as raw material in the production of the
philosophers'stone.
Chamaeleon: salt, because it takes on different colors during transformation to
the philosophers'stone.
Chaos: salt, because it contains extractable constituents for the production of the
philosophers'stone.
Circulation: the process of mixing liquid and spiritual constituents in a retort.
Coal, white, philosophical: water of balneum maris, by which material is heated
in a retort.
Corruption: destruction of things in nature, as opposed to their generation.
Crassum: "greasiness of the earth" in the animal kingdom; the same as
philosophers'sulfur in the mineral realm.
Cucurbit: alembic. "philosophical distillation": part of solution.
Diamond: philosophers'sulfur, extracted from black agat.
Diana, snow-white: salt after calcination, i.e. after purification
Digestion: part of sublimation.
Dispasma: "magic smoke, consisting of sapphiric earth and aether"; sulfur and
mercury after unification by reduction.
Dove, white: white swan; philosopher'
s salt after calcination.
Dowry of the Virgin: "diamonds and rubies", sulfur and mercury.
Dragon of the philosophers: salt as raw material for producing the philosophers'
stone.
Earth, philosophic: "virginal earth", "virgin mother"; salt as raw material for
production of the philosophers'stone.
Earthly fire: volcanic fire of the inner earth as opposed to the "central fire" of the
sun.
Egg of the philosophers: retort, in which the seven operations are executed.
Electrum minerale immaturum: salt prior to processing.
Elixation: boiling, heating; slow heating of raw material in a retort.
Elixir, metallic: sulfur and mercury as "metal seeds".
30
Essence of Lillie: solid, red: philosophers'mercury.

Essentia quinta (quintessence): the original raw material of all things, identical
with materia prima.
Evacuation: part of calcination
Fattiness of Earth: crassum; in the animal realm the same as philosophers'
sulfur in the mineral realm.
Ferment of the Philosophers' Stone: gold, because it is mixed with it in
multiplication.
Fimus: "virginal earth", salt, because in the production of the Philosophers'Stone
it first smells bad and later lovely.
Firespirit (Prester): the archaeus, "Spirit of the World", the inner fire that
achieves transmutation in a retort.
Fixation: the task following reduction in the production of the Philosophers'
Stone.
Flask: "philosophers'egg", retort.
Fleece, golden: Philosophers'Stone, because is has the power to transform
ordinary metals into gold.
Flowers, red and white: mercury and sulfur extracted from salt
Generation: creation of things in the circle of nature as opposed to corruption.
Gluten aquilae: "solid, red essence of lilies", philosophers'mercury.
Grading water cooks: pseudo-alchemists, who attempted to produce gold by
elevating silver.
Hag, old: unpurified salt prior to calcination.
Hag, white: philosophers’ brimstone, as opposed to "red man" (mercury).
Heavenly daughters, snowy-white, of the naked virgin: virginal milk,
philosophers'sulfur.
Helmet: connection between retort and template.
Hermaphrodite: androgynous, hybrid; salt, because from it male and female
constituents (sulfur and mercury) are extracted.
Hyanthe, she who is garbed in green damask: salt prior to calcination.
Hyle: materia prima, the original raw material of all things.
Iliastus: salt as raw material for the production of the Philosophers'Stone.
King: (male) philosophers'sulfur prior to unification with mercury in reduction.
King's Fontana: philosophers'mercury.
Lapis philosophorum: Philosophers'Stone, which has the power to heal all
illnesses and to transform ordinary metals into gold.
Laton (leo rubens): philosophers'mercury.
31
Lead of the Philosophers: salt as raw material for the production of the
philosophers'stone.
Leo rubens (red lion): philosophers'mercury.
Lilies, white and red: philosophers'sulfur and mercury as carrier of chemical
properties of burnability and meltability.
Lion, green: salt prior to calcination.
Lion, red: philosophers'mercury (quicksilver)
Luna, heavenly: solid constituents of salt as opposed to "aether".
M.B.: maris balneum, commonly used abbreviation for water-bath.
Magisterium magnum: the great masterpiece, production of the Philosophers'
Stone.
Magnesia, dark-red (Ethiopian earth): salt prior to solution.
Maja: earth as mother of all living things.
Man, old: salt prior to calcination.
Massa confusa: Hyle, materia prima, original raw material of all things.
Materia prima metallorum: sulfur and mercury as base-constituents of metals or
"metal seeds".
Materia prima: original raw material of all things, identical with essentia quinta
(quintessence).
Materia secunda: the four Aristotelian elements: earth, water, air, and fire.
Materia tertia: materials consisting of the four elements (metals and minerals).
Matter of the Philosophers' Stone: salt as raw material for the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Maya (Hebrew): water.
Maya bath: balneum maris, water-bath for indirect heating in a retort.
Metal smith: pseudo-alchemists, who sought to produce the Philosophers'Stone
from metal rather than salt.
Mother, old: unpurified salt prior to calcination.
Multiplication of the Stone: propagation and elevation of the Philosophers'
Stone by application of molten gold.
Nutrimentum: salt during treatment in a retort.
Ocean of Fire: "blessed salt", salt as raw material for the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Operations: the seven tasks of the alchemists: calcination, solution, sublimation,
reduction, fixation, multiplication, projection.
Pantaura: "bid of Hermes", philosophers'salt.
Particular of the Philosophers' Stone: part of the prepared mass after
reduction, to which propagation and elevation are applied.
32
Pelican: flask, retort.

Philosophers' mercury: not ordinary quicksilver, but carrier of the chemical
property of meltability.
Philosophers' brimstone (sulfur): not ordinary brimstone, but carrier of the
chemical property of burnability.
Philosophers' Eagle: mercury (quicksilver) of the philosophers, carrier of the
chemical property of meltability.
Philosophers' Fire: mild warmth, added to the material in a retort by means of
the athanor or the balneum maris.
Philosophers' hearth (athanor): alchemistic hearth, which automatically
replenishes its fuel.
Philosophers' Magnesia: salt as raw material for the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Philosophers' Magnet: philosophers'magnesia.
Philosophers' menstruate or "menstruum universale": Philosophers'Stone,
because it dissolves all metals and minerals.
Philosophers' quicksilver (mercury): not ordinary quicksilver, but carrier of the
chemical property of meltability.
Philosophers' salt: ordinary rock salt, which serves as raw material in the
production of the Philosophers'Stone.
Philosophers' solvents: dissolution agent for salt solution, consisting of its own
expelled moisture.
Philosophers' Stone: That miraculous stone derived from salt after the seven
operations, which has the power to heal all illness and to transform ordinary
metals into gold.
Philosophers' subjectum: salt as raw material in the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Philosophers' tincture (tinctura universalis, universal tincture): dissolution of
the Philosophers'Stone in distilled water.
Philosophers' Universal: Philosophers'Stone.
Philosophers' vitriol: salt as raw material in the production of the Philosophers'
Stone.
Philosophers' water: dissolved salt during solution.
Phoenix: the Philosophers'Stone after reduction.
Plant- and herbal philosophers: pseudo-alchemists, who attempted to produce
the Philosophers'Stone from vegetable matter.
Prester: the archaeus, the "fire spirit", the inner fire that achieves transformation
in a retort.
Projection: application of the Philosophers'Stone onto molten ordinary metals to
transform them into gold.
33
Proteus: the hermaphrodite, the chameleon; term for salt, because of its many
appearances it takes on in nature.
Queen: (female) philosophers'mercury prior to unification with sulfur in reduction.
Quintessence (essentia quinta): original raw material of all things, identical to
materia prima.
Raven, black: (caput mortuum): residues in distillation.
Raven head: philosophers'mercury.
Rebis, Res bi (na): Philosophers'Stone, because it is produced by unifying to
separate constituents (sulfur and mercury).
Rectificatione per se, septem: the seven operations or tasks: calcination,
solution, sublimation. reduction, fixation, multiplication, and projection.
Reduction: unification of sulfur and mercury to form the Philosophers'Stone.
Regeneration: retrogressation of materia tertia (minerals, metals) into their base
constituents.
Resina: in the plant kingdom the "fattiness of the earth"; the same as "crassum"
in the animal kingdom or "sulfur" in the realm of minerals.
Restauration: part of sublimation.
River of pearls: "naked virgin", or "snowy-white Diana"; salt after calcination.
Root, red: philosophers'mercury.
Salamander: Philosophers'Stone, because it is derived from fire.
Salt of nature: salt as it occurs in nature.
Salt of the Earth, philosophical: "philosophical earth", salt as raw material for
production of the philosophers'stone.
Saturnus: son of Uranus (of the heavens) and Gaya (earth); salt, because it is
found in the earth, but of heavenly origin.
Sister and brother: quicksilver and sulfur of the philosophers as male and female
constituents of materia prima.
Smoke, black and white: sulfur and mercury of the philosophers as carriers of
the chemical properties of burnability and meltability.
Smoke, magic (diaplasma): sulfur and mercury after unification by reduction.
Snake, winged: the "general spirit of the world", materia prima or quintessence.
Solution: dissolution of purified salt in a retort.
Spagyria: hermetic wisdom and art.
Sperm of metals: materia prima metallorum, philosophers'sulfur and mercury.
Spirit of the World, coagulated: salt as raw material in the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Spirit fire, watery: "spirit water, fiery", philosophers'mercury.
Spiritus mundi: the "general spirit of the world", materia prima or quintessence.
34
Spit gatherers of the 10 hole of man: pseudo-alchemists, who sought to

produce the Philosophers'Stone from human sperm.
Sublimation: the third of seven tasks of the alchemists, consisting of purification
of the alt and extraction of sulfur and mercury.
Swan, white: salt after calcination.
Sweat bath: blaneum maris, maya bath; water-bath for indirect heating of a retort.
Sweat, bloody, of the naked virgin: mercury (quicksilver) of the philosophers.
Template: the vessel in which distilled water is gathered and which is connected
to the distillation flask by a helmet (see graphic).
Terra adamica: Adamah, the earth, from which God created Adam; symbol for
salt.
Thalia, garbed in green silk: salt as raw material in the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Thing, disdainful: salt, because the ignorant scorn it.
Toad, which nourishes itself in slime: salt prior to calcination.
Umbra solis: "sheen" or "blood of the sun", dry, fiery spirit", "archaeus", or "fiery
spirit"; the inner fire that accomplishes the transformation in a retort.
Universal mercury: philosophers'quicksilver, carrier of the chemical property of
meltability.
Universal tincture: dissolution of the Philosophers'Stone in distilled water.
Virgin milk: "snowy-white heavenly daughters of the naked virgin", philosophers'
sulfur.
Virgin mother: "virgin earth", salt as raw material in the production of the
Philosophers'Stone.
Virgin, naked: salt after calcination, i.e. after purification.
Volcano: external fire which is used to heat material in a retort.
Wondrous thing from your water: distillation product during solution.
35
Excerpts from alchemistic writings.

1. From Jahanna Leade: "Sunflowers of the Philosophers".
Go with the wise men to Bethlehem, yes, to the newborn King' s crib, and you
shall find the philosophical reason and root in some subjects, wherein you shall
discover hidden all three beginnings: spirit, soul, and body, the work' s beginning,
middle, and finish. ...
This subject must first be cleaned most thoroughly, then opened up, broken down,
turned into ash and oil. He, who recognizes the oil and its solution, and also its
coagulation and distillation, he knows the wise Tartari' s secret and reason:
however, the innermost of the oil must be brought forward and inverted; because
it is the spirit that gives life to everything, the mere body accomplishes nothing. If
you have this spirit, you also have the oil.
Since God through his word, his spirit, and his breath made all creatures, types,
and forces with two substances, yes, with four elements, he combined the
heavenly eternal and the worldly temporal, good and evil in one special matter,
and within this matter is our unique matter to produce the Philosophers'Stone or
medicine.
By solution and sublimation in such works the body is transformed into a spirit and
the spirit is transformed into a body and both are combined, because one
transmits its properties to the other, the warm and the dry, the hard and the cold,
the moist and the soft. The solution of the body in its water is murder and revival
of the body at the same time und spirit in a very mild warmth. Our moist water will
cleanse the entire work.
A union of the elements occurs in such natural solution and sublimation, a
separation of the pure from the unclean: the pure, white rises upwards, while the
unclean earthly matter remains at the bottom of the vessel. The key is to
thoroughly study and practice this preparation and finishing work.
Solution and sublimations are preceded by calcination; all this occurs over a not
too short period of time. It is a Herculean work, because you will have to make a
tremendous effort, first in searching for the true materia prima, then to find it in the
right composition of bother internal as well as external proportions. What
immense toil, work, and time, until the eagles are ready and prepared to fly? What
immeasurable time until from our toad, which lives in the slime, the raven is born?
Until the raven lets the dove fly from its mouth? Finally, how much time until the
birth of the salamander that lives in the fire?
This is the tree of life, for the health of our body, and the source of early well
being. If you achieve it, praise God and be ready to lay everything back before his
feed, when the Highest demands it. For these miracles are merely vanishing
moments in time and cannot be compared with eternal splendor in any fashion;
especially since the entire worldly life is nothing than misery and sorrow until
death.
From J. F. Hautnorton: „Treatise on Philosophical Salt".
36
Amsterdam, 1656.
Beg God for wisdom, mercy, and benevolence; by that this art shall be achieved;
and do not adorn each thing with a sense as though it existed for your benefit; in
the fountain of salt of our son and moon.
You shall find the treasure of the son of the sun.
It is a thing of this world,
So it always contains;
Earth, fire, air, water it is not;
Yet none of these will break.
For it can transform into fire,
Into air, into water, and into earth,
While it has manifold nature
In it, quite clean and pure.
It is a stone, and yet not a stone,
In which alone the art is found;
It has been created so by nature,
Yet, not brought to perfection,
Therein lies the total art:
Who has this same thing'
s aura;
The red lion'
s golden sheen,
Mercurium, quite pure and fine,
And in it knows red sulfur,
He has the whole foundation.
From these two you may create
The greatest treasure on the earth.
When this thing you hold,
Make it your deity.
Salt alone is the key,
Without salt our art cannot exist:
As well, this salt, as I say,
Does not appear like salt at first,
It is salt, nonetheless,
In the beginning black and with a stench even,
Once in process it shall smell,
Until it seems like thickly blood,
37
And when at last it is white and pure,

Sluices itself and on its own.
Therefore right and well protect the stone,
Not in sophistic fashion,
No, but in the sense of the philosophers:
No corrosive must be allowed therein,
No water must be included,
So solve then our stone;
Only a fountain, pure and light
Opens up, that is the source,
Wherein the solution is to term,
Hidden from any gaze,
Which heats up out of its own volition.
Hence the stone sweats tears.
Yet, like ice by fire'
s might
Becomes water in itself.
A mild bath it just deserves,
In it it will itself dissolve.
With the aide of putrefaction,
The water then take away.
The earth turn into red oil,
That is the purple colored soul.
Hear this valuable note:
Think only of a slow fire;
Do not let it be elemental,
Material at all,
But only water of mercury,
Which fire is over nature,
Essential, heavenly pure,
Therein sun and moon are unified;
The same reign with external fire
And bring our work to finish!
When now you hold both these things,
Nicely introduce them to each other
And put them into the philosophers'egg,
38
And seal this well.

Then set it into the athanor,
With manifold manner, tradition, and meaning;
Reign it on a slow fire,
Like a hen breeds here eggs.
Then the water will attempt
To attract all brimstone.
Then proceed to their dispute,
So they arise on either side,
Yet subside again,
And rise again above,
Until, if they do this for a term,
They finally remain below.
After the earth is well prepared,
To drink its humidity,
Then immediately take spirit, soul, and life,
These you must add to the earth.
For what is earth without seeds?
A body, which has no soul!
So note this well, and pay its due,
Mercury will be brought
To his mother, from which he came.
Throw him in, and you will have godliness;
So the seed will loose the earth,
The earth shall coagulate the seed.
After that all will turn black,
Like in a hearth a shiny resin,
And is called the raven'
s head,
A symbol, too, of gifts from God.
When that occurred, you shall soon
See colors manifold:
Red, yellow, blue, white, and many more,
Which get lost though in the end;
Yes, further you shall see that
Everything shall turn green as grass in vain.
39
Hence the moon shall shine;

Now let the fire grow,
Let is always stay within the same,
So an old man can see it readily,
Quite gray like ice, almost as silver white.
Reign the slow fire with diligence,
So in your glass
The materia shall turn snowy-white.
Thus appears the moon and shines;
Now let the warmth grow,
It is ready now for whitening,
But will also turn red in time:
Therefore raise the fire once more,
So it shall be yellowish all over
And finally all ruby-red -
Now thank the Lord Zebaoth.
The philosophers'gold is not ordinary,
Rather just water, light and pure,
Over it levitates the spirit of the Lord,
On that every being lives.
Therefore our gold is spiritual,
By the spirit let through the helmet;
His earth remains in black,
Which before could not be found,
Which now resolves itself
And also turns into thick water,
Thirsting for the noble life,
That it shall be returned to it.
For thirst it loosens and breaks up,
By which it experiences what it well deserves:
For if it did not become water-oil,
Then spirit and soul could not
Enter into union with it;
It may occur now though,
That only one being arises from it,
40
In total perfection,
Unified so completely,
That it shall never be separated ever again.
You now accomplished such a treasure,
That nothing on earth can be its equal.
Metals shall be raised to gold,
Yes, you should know much more.
That all illness in addition
You shall heal with it.
With all you heart give thanks to God
And help your neighbor in his need.
So use it now to honor God,
So he shall welcome you in his realm!
From Elias Artista: „The Secret of Salt". 1770.

A new edition of this important work, whose author was a Rosicrucian, has been published by E.
Barteis, Berlin-Weißensee!
Even though salt originates from the earth and is made of earth, it still is not a
mineral and does not have any mineral properties, as though it would be
coagulated in the earth, as if it would have taken on the guise of a rocky being,
firm and hard, so it could be crunched, but it is coagulated water, which has
coagulated in the earth; like a crystal that is frozen water in the earth and turns
into ice, as it can be turned back into water in art without some of its feces.
Therefore, naturally, the earth has no union with salt, or even with water.
Because, when salt that is dissolved in water flows through felt, then water can be
steamed out, and when salt flows with water into the earth, then the salt with
remain in the earth and the water will flow right through the organs. Water is like
seed vessels or like a receptaculum, because salt flows into the earth by means
of the water, i.e. into its matrix or element, so it will improve and become perfect;
as nor only salt or the seed of salt, but also the seed of minerals, metals, and
rocky bodies lie in the water and will be introduced into the earth by it. But the
water also has the benefit that when it sinks into the earth and looses itself, it
relieves itself of its burden, plants its seeds and after its organs, and permeates
light and clear as if by distillation, the salt, however, can be extracted from the
earth; however, unlike with bodies of the natural realm, which must be burned by
fire and afterwards calcinated, and then can be extracted from the ashes, if you
wish to have their salt; and that the more calcination, solution, filtration,
coagulation occurs, the purer, lighter, and more crystalline it becomes, even if it
occurs a hundred or a thousand times; which no other thing in the world is able,
therefore it is apparent that it is not mineral, but beginning and seed of all
minerals and metals and can be dissolved in water although it is hard as rock.
41
III. The Alchemistic Problem in Today's Research

1. Modern Ideas in Medieval Alchemy.
I do not know, whether I really succeeded in allowing the reader a deeper insight
into the philosophical concept of nature of the scholarly minds of that time with my
dialogue with the adept, my explanations of terms, and the selection of excerpts
from alchemistic works, so that he will recognize some ideas that appear truly
modern with their own eyes. In any case, I shall now try to emphasize them in the
following passage and attempt to clarify them.
Without doubt this needs to be preceded by that all-important term "life", which
those alchemists understood in considerably broader sense than our "exact"
scientist of the past and current century; to them animals, plants, and minerals
merely represented three different levels of nature; they did not know or recognize
the razor sharp distinction between organic and inorganic, between living and
dead matter. Animals and plants, they grow and propagate, carry seeds and can
be propagated through outside help. Do not object that we cannot artificially
propagate animals and plants either. That we are not able to do indeed, but we
can breed and improve, and that was all the alchemists ever wanted to achieve
with the Philosophers'Stone.
Equally interesting is that based on the basic understanding some kind of
development theory for minerals and metals was developed already back then; in
fact, one in which the characteristics described in the much later Darwinian theory
for humans, animals, and plants and Häckel' s biogenetic basic rules are unified.
According to this minerals and metals merely represent differently far developed
forms of the realm of nature with jewel stones and noble metals at the summit.
Therefore, lead and gold only differ in that the development of the former was
simply interrupted at an earlier stage, whereas the latter was allowed to develop
to perfection due to better conditions.
These better conditions are what alchemy attempts to provide artificially to
continue from this point on, where nature had left off.
With regards to these two paragraphs we should note that modern research has
contributed a lot, for example in the field of crystallography: discovery of liquid
crystals, which behave quite similarly to primitive single-cell life forms, and some
others have contributed significantly to shake traditional beliefs about the basic
differences between living and non-living materials, to smudge to boarder
between both and to open doors for new wisdoms (like so many "new" wisdoms,
which in reality are quite ancient), that the nature of all things is merely one and
physiological processes differ little from chemical processes (and these, I would
like to add on my own accord, from mechanical), but differ only by their degree of
complexity. However, this is not aimed at de-throwning life as such, but quite
contrary to generalize and intensify.
Alchemistic development theory, of course, assumes a naturally active original
force, which initiates this development, and an original matter, which it affects -
original force and original matter, which, in a philosophical sense, are merely
different appearances of the same, only truly existing, i.e. divinity, which today'
s
monists have retermed into the doubtlessly better sounding term "substance".
42
Original force and original matter, therefore, are inseparable; both exists since the
beginning of the universe, one through the other, in as far as the matter could not
have come into existence with the force, force on the other hand could not have
had any effect without matter.
An alchemist searching for materia prima, therefore, must also search for the vis
prima at the same time; if he attains it, he at the same time mandates it, which
cannot be noticed by any of the senses, because they are hidden in the matter,
but their effects are clearly visible.
Let us first take a closer look at original matter. The way to it, according to the
contemporary science back then, was through the four Aristotelian elements:
earth, water, air, and fire to which later chemistry barely afforded a tired smile;
that, however, was quite unjust. Because ordinary earth, ordinary water, ordinary
air, and ordinary fire did not fulfill the requirements that have been expected of
"elements" since Lavoisier (inseparability by chemical means), it was believed
that it was permissible to accuse Aristotle of making a naive mistake. In reality it is
quite different though and the same applies to the four Aristotelian elements, as
for philosophers'sulfur and mercury; he was not talking about the ordinary ones
among them, but rather their carriers, rather what we call "aggregate state" today:
the solid, the liquid, the gaseous, and the aetheric state. And now you will have to
grant that with this understanding even the four alchemistic elements appear quite
modern.
It follows that fire is the highest and finest state matter can be in and its character,
as experience teaches us, is warmth and light. Therefore, if the alchemist wished
to produce materia prima, then he had to first try to transform the raw material
with which he was working into its aetherical state and this could only be achieved
be applying constant, low heat.
This completely explains character and purpose of that work, which used to be
called sublimation. Of course, a pure aetheric state was never achieved, only an
approximation; for in its pure aetheric state all matter is the same and identical
with what me know as light.
This is what the alchemists and individual, especially cabbalistic philosophers,
taught us and finally modern researchers turned back to this old wisdom. Moses
Maimonides, for example, in famous treatise "More Nebuchini", calls raw matter of
which the bodies of the visible world consist, "darkened light". And the most
famous chemist of the present time, E. Rutherford, hypothesized - albeit with that
cravenness so typical of exact scientists - that light is not only identical with the
original matter, but is also the dissolution of the matter into power and that in
certain circumstances matter can be converted to power and power can be
converted to matter.
To discuss this highly interesting issue in more detail here would be too early in
the progression of this treatise. These latest discoveries and hypotheses are the
results of research in radioactivity and for that we still have quite some way to go.
43
2. The Study of the Elements in the 19th Century.

We shall now return to where we left off at the end of part one on "Nature and
History of Alchemy".
There we heard how Robert Boyle in the middle of the 17th century and later, in
the 18th century, Lavoisier laid the groundwork for a new conception of chemical
elements, which than were considered true throughout the 19th century and
eventually led to the modern study of molecules and atoms. To detail their
development would lead us too far off track; we have to be content just looking at
the last phase, just prior to the revolutionizing discovery of radioactivity.
Let us consider a sample of water, which used to be considered an "element"
(even though only due to a misinterpretation of Aristotelian and alchemistic
teachings), separated into smaller and smaller droplets thus eventually resulting
in smallest water particles, which may not be broken down further by mechanical
means. These we call molecules. We experience the same with other materials:
salt, glass, camphor, protein, and so on. - Molecules are the smallest parts, which
cannot be divided further by mechanical means.
Let us take one such water molecule and expose it to the effects of electricity. It
will divide into three even smaller parts, which, however, are no longer water and
no longer liquid, but gaseous, where two are the same and the third is different.
The two are hydrogen, the other is oxygen. These smallest parts, achieved by
chemical means, which now truly cannot be divided any further, are called atoms.
In this manner a salt molecule can be broken down into one natrium atom and
one chlorine atom; glass breaks down into two atoms of calium, one atom of lead,
6 atoms of silicon, and 14 atoms of oxygen; camphor breaks down into 10 atoms
of carbon, 16 atoms of hydrogen, and 1 atom of oxygen; protein breaks down into
72 atoms of carbon, 113 atoms of hydrogen, 1 atom of sulfur, 18 atoms of
nitrogen, and 22 atoms of oxygen. - Atoms, therefore, are the smallest parts,
which cannot be broken down further by chemical means.
Simultaneously this provided for a categorization of all matter into to large groups:
heterogeneous, whose molecule consisted of different atoms and homogenous,
whose molecules consisted of equal atoms. The former were called chemical
compounds and the latter were called elements. They were always the same
elements: hydrogen, chlorine, lead, gold, and so on, which occur in all chemical
compounds: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, potassium, sodium. In those, it was
believed, the base elements could be found and in the atoms were believed to
contain natures building stones. Soon chemistry developed the use of formulas to
describe chemical compounds by adding to the abbreviations of the latin names
the number of the atoms that are found in one molecule of the element. The
formulas are, for example, for salt: NaCL, for glass: K2PbSi6O14, for camphor:
C10H16O, for protein: C72H112SN18O22.
Now chemists made some rapid progress. First they succeed in researching the
atoms'proportional weights in different elements, by noting how many times of
other elements are outweigh a hydrogen atom, which they assumed to be the
lightest atom. The number that tells how many hydrogen atom weights would go
into a given atom is called the atomic weight, and it was assumed that this is the
determining property of an element and that it determines its chemical properties.
44
Thus, one carbon atom weighs 12 times as much as a hydrogen atom, one
nitrogen atom 14 times, one sodium atom 23 times, one silicon atom 28 times,
one sulfur atom 32 times, one chlorine atom 35 times, one potassium atom 39
times, on silver atom 107 times, and one gold atom 197 times heavier than one
hydrogen atom.
In the meantime the number of those alleged elements increased from year to
year. In 1903 we already knew 70, which are shown in the following table, sorted
by their atomic weights. The first column contains the order number, the second
the common name, the third the usual abbreviation of the Latin name as used in
formulas, and the final column shows the atomic weight, reduced to one tenth:
1 Hydrogen H 1.0 25 Manganese Mn 54.9 49 Tin Sn 118.7

2 Helium He 4.0 26 Iron Fe 55.8 50 Antimony Sb 120.2
3 Lithium Li 6.9 27 Cobalt Co 58.9 51 Tellurium Te 127.5
4 Berylium Be 9.1 28 Nickel Ni 58.6 52 Iodine J 126.9
5 Bor B 10.9 29 Copper Cu 64.5 53 Xenon X 130.2
6 Carbon C 12.0 30 Zinc Zn 65.3 54 Cesium Cs 132.8
7 Nitrogen N 14.0 31 Gallium Ga 69.9 55 Barium Ba 137.4
8 Oxygen O 16.0 32 Germanium Ge 72.5 56 Lanthanum La 139.0
9 Fluor F 19.0 33 Arsenic As 74.9 57 Cerium Ce 140.2
10 Neon Ne 20.2 34 Selenium Se 79.2 58 Ytterbium Yb 173.5
11 Natrium Na 3.0 35 Brome Br 79.9 59 Tantalum Ta 181.5
12 Magnesium Mg 24.3 36 Krypton Kr 82.9 60 Tungsten W 181.0
13 Aluminum Al 17.1 37 Rubidium Rb 85.4 61 Osmium Os 190.9
14 Silicone Si 28.3 38 Strontium Sr 87.6 62 Iridium Ir 193.1
15 Phosphor P 31.0 39 Yttrium Y 88.7 63 Platinum Pt 195.2
16 Sulfur S 32.0 40 Zirconium Zr 90.6 64 Gold Au 197.2
17 Chlorine Cl 35.4 41 Niobium Nb 93.5 65 Quicksilver Hg 200.6
18 Argon A 39.9 42 Molybdenum Mo 96.0 66 Thallium Tl 204.0
19 Potassium K 39.1 43 Ruthenium Ru 101.7 67 Lead Pb 207.2
20 Calcium Ca 40.0 44 Rhodium Rh 102.9 68 Bismuth Bi 209.0
21 Scandium Sc 45.1 45 Palladium Pd 106.7 69 Thorium Th 232.1
22 Titan Ti 48.1 46 Silver A 107.8 70 Uranium U 238.2
23 Vanadium V 51.6 47 Cadmium Cd 112.4
24 Chromium Cr 52.0 48 Indium In 114.8
The reader will easily notice in this table that some elements are not sorted
exactly according to their atomic weight; for example, A with 39.9 should follow K
with 39.1, Co with 58.9 should follow Ni with 58.6, Te with 127.5 should follow J
with 126.9. - This is due to the fact that the atomic weights were measured
incorrectly, but were not reassigned to their proper position, because the once
agreed upon order was not to be disturbed.
Development of this table soon led to a new, important discovery. - If you read
through the table and simultaneously compare the chemical characteristics of the
45
elements, you find that elements with rather similar characteristics occur in
regular intervals, for example, the so-called "noble gases" helium (2.), neon (10.),
argon (18.), krypton (36.), and xenon (53.), or the "heavy metals" copper (29.),
silver (46.) and gold (64.), and such.
In 1869 Dimitri Mendeleyev based his periodic system of the elements on this
observation. However, it was and still is quite imperfect, but its imperfection and
irregularity were easily excused, considering that there were still a large number
of yet unknown elements. Once these were discovered and entered into their
proper places, they would complete the picture in surprising perfection. They
could even tell in advance, how many would be placed approximately where in
the table, and if you left those places vacant, you arrived at the graphic
description of the periodic system below, in which the elements on the spiral are
sorted by their atomic weights, whereas on the radii they are sorted in order of
their chemical relationships.
It is not surprising to find that the new theory of the elements was not disposed to
answer the quest for materia prima, for the original base matter of the visible
world or to at least muzzle it. Quite the opposite: the more the number of alleged
elements increased due to new discoveries, the more improbable it became that
they would truly be the base matter and their atoms the final building blocks of
nature. In 1815 the English physician W. Prout postulated a new hypothesis,
according to which hydrogen as the element with the lowest atomic weight, would
be the original matter and all atoms of the heavier elements consisted of several
whole hydrogen atoms.
Soon we shall see, if and in how far Prout'
s hypothesis was proven correct.
46
3. The Discovery of Radioactivity and its Consequences.

Several decades ago the French physicist Becquerel noted that specimen of the
heaviest element, uranium (atomic weight 238.2) had three important properties:
the blackened a photographic plate, the induced fluorescent substances to glow,
and they made the surrounding air electrically conductive. Further investigations
by Mr. and Mrs. Curie showed that those effects where the result of invisible
radiation, which emanated mainly from an unknown element that was contained in
uranium salts, and therefore it was called radium.
Further they found that radium radiates no less than three types of rays, which
were termed alpha-, beta-, and gamma rays and of which the first two had
material properties, i.e. the emanated tiny particles, whereas the latter emanated
ether oscillations, similar to light rays, but of much shorter wavelength.
We are only interested in alpha- and beta rays. The former are positive electrically
charged particles that move at a speed of 15 to 20.000 km per second; the latter
are negative electrically charged particles, which move at a speed of 100 to
300.000 km per second. Both types of ray are capable of moving through solid
matter and beta rays do this at a much higher rate than alpha rates due to the
much higher speed.
So much for the facts, but now on to the consequences! Immediately it became
apparent how revolutionary this discovery was and how it would shake the whole
artificial construction that was chemistry in its foundations! - Just consider: if the
particles emanated by radium had been atoms (which up to this point had been
thought of as the smallest parts), then one gram of radium, for example, should
have vanished in the shortest period of time. That was not the case, however, as
a matter of fact, even after years, not even the slightest loss of weight could be
47
observed. There was only one explanation: the particles emanated by radium had
to be infinitesimally smaller yet than the atoms!
So atoms were not the smallest parts after all? Not inseparable and
homogeneous, but rather heterogeneous compounds? - That was truly bad news
for the theory of the "elements" as building blocks of nature! For there could not
be any mistaking it: if a material, such as radium, continuously emanates such
particles, then this process had to be accompanied by some sort of transformation
of the nature of the material; it had to mean a decay or transformation of the
same.
48
4. Decay and Transformation of “Elements”

Blow on blow further observations and discoveries followed. To address them
individually is simply not possible here. We have to content ourselves with just
taking a cursory look at the most important results of the research in this area,
which, incidentally is not even completed yet, and summarize them briefly in just
two main point.
A. First it became apparent that not just radium featured such radiation, but a
whole host of others, some already known elements, some elements discovered
only during research into radium that these natural processes cannot be artificially
induced, interrupted, or otherwise manipulated and that indeed they are nothing
but the decay of the element in question, from which a new one arises, which
itself after either a longer or shorter lifespan will be transformed into yet another,
and so forth.
Of those aforementioned known elements (table from 1903) the following were
found to be radioactive or products of radioactive processes: potassium, rubidium,
thallium, lead, thorium, and uranium; new additions were or would be in the years
to come: radium (a. w. 225.9), the so-called radium-emanation (222), polonium
(210), mesothorium (228), actinium (226), protactinium (230), jonium (230), and
various others. In terms of their radiation these materials are distinguished by
alpha-radiation and beta-radiation, their "lifespan" varies between 100 billion
years (thorium) and one billionth of a second (thorium C' ') half life, where half life
signifies the period of time, during which half the number atoms present at the
beginning decays.
The following table should enlighten you with respect to an element'
s relations, its
natural connections, and development of the one into another. This table, which,
especially due to those many yet unknown element names, may not be readily
comprehensible by the layman, simply says the following:
49
The one starting point is uranium (a.w. 238). This, as opposed to a later one,
which is chemically identical to the development product, is termed U1 and is first
exposed to alpha-radiation (half life 45 billion years) and becomes uranium X1
(234), this, with the aide of beta-radiation (half life 24 days), becomes uranium X2
(234) and this in turn, if treated with beta-radiation (half life 1 to 15 minutes) finally
becomes uranium II.
Now the string parts into two branches: one part of the alpha-radiation (half life 20
million years) delivers jonium (230), the other produces uranium Y (230).
Let us explore the jonium branch first: with the aide of alpha-radiation (half life
100.000) the jonium is turned into radium (226), this, with alpha-radition (half life
1600 years), transforms into the so-called radium-emanation (222), which in turn
with further alpha-radiation (half life 3.81 days) becomes radium A (218), further
alpha-radiation (half life 3 minutes) leads to radium B (214), when this is exposed
to beta-radiation (half life 27 minutes) it is transformed into radium C (214).
Here they branch off again: for RaC, if exposed to alpha-radiation (half life 19.5
minutes), forms radium C' '(210), on the other hand beta-radiation transforms it
into radium C'(214), which with the aide of alpha-radiation (half life 1/10th of one
millionth of a second) becomes radium D (210), which when exposed to beta-
radiation (half life 16 years) transforms to radium E (210), this, with beta radiation
(half life 5 days) becomes radium F (211), and this, finally, if exposed to alpha-
radiation (half life 138 days), is transformed into radium G or radium-lead (206).
Now let us take a look at the uranium Y string: Uranium Y, when exposed to beta-
radiation (half life 25 hours) transforms into protactinium (230), this, with alpha-
radiation (half life 100,000 years) becomes actinium (226), which with beta-
radiation (half life 20 years) becomes radio actinium (226), which with alpha-
radiation (half life 19 days) becomes actinium X (222), which in turn with alpha-
radiation (half life 11.5 days) transforms into the so-called actinium-emanation
(218), which with the aide of alpha-radiation (half life 2.9 seconds) becomes
actinium A (214), which under alpha-radiation (half life 0.002 seconds) transforms
into actinium B (210), and finally this, when exposed to beta-radiation (half life 36
minutes), is transformed into actinium C (210).
Thorium (a.w. 232) is the other starting point. This string runs as follows: When
exposed to alpha-radiation (half life 150 billion years) thorium transforms into
mesothorium 1 (228), this under beta-radiation (half life 6.7 years) becomes
mesothorium 2 (228), further beta-radiation (half life 6.2 hours) transforms it into
radiothorium (228), then alpha-radiation (half life 1.9 years) turns it into thorium X
(224), which, when exposed to alpha-radiation (half life 3.7 days), transforms into
the so-called thorium-emanation (220), from this alpha-radiation (half life 54
seconds) arises thorium A (216), and more alpha-radiation (half life 0.14 seconds)
transforms it into thorium B (212), and when this is exposed to beta-radiation (half
life 10.6 hours), it is transformed into thorium C (212).
50
At this point this string, too, breaks of into different branches: The ThC with the
help of alpha-radiation (half life 61 minutes) transforms into thorium C'(208) on
the one hand, and on the other hand, with beta-radiation it turns into thorium C' '
(212), which in turn, if exposed to alpha-radiation (half life 1 billionth of a second),
transforms into thorium D or thorium-lead (208).
If you study this list carefully, you cannot help but realize that the whole lengthy
process is nothing other than three ways to naturally transform uranium or thorium
into lead, where one utilizes radium, the other actinium and the third
mesothorium. Furthermore, there should be many more observations. Primarily a
comparison of the atomic weights demonstrates that each alpha-transformation
(i.e. each transformation with the aide of radiation with alpha particles) results in a
reduction of the atomic weight by 4 units, whereas, a beta-transformation (i.e.
transformation with the aide of radiation with beta particles) leaves the atomic
weight unaffected.
If you go as far as taking the effort to enter all elements (we really can only call
them that it jest now), which arise in the process of transformation, into their
proper places in the periodic system, sorted by their atomic weight, then you shall
find that each element created by alpha-transformation moves down two groups,
whereas each element created by beta-transformation moves up one group from
the position of the original substance.
The most interesting aspect, however, is the end result. - Since time immemorial
humankind has known lead and when Boyle proclaimed the metal to be an
element and when Lavoisier determined its atomic weight to be 207.2, chemists
did not dare dream up, what today they grudgingly must admit: that, in fact, this
"element" lead, as we find it in nature, is reality is a compound of three different
kinds of lead and that the atomic weight 207.2 is no more than an average of the
atomic weights of these three lead types, 206, 206, and 208. From this it
invariably had to follow that materials with different atomic weights may well have
the same properties, so that they cannot be extracted by regular chemical means
and as a consequence the must be assigned the same place in the periodic
system.
Such element as RaG, AcD, and ThD are called isotopes. The can be
distinguished with the aide of the x-ray spectrum only (by the so-called radiation
traces they project onto a photographic plate). And so one could, or rather had to,
return to Prout'
s hypothesis.
You may recall that Prout postulated that hydrogen is the original matter and that
all atomic weights must be multiples of its own atomic weight. Unfortunately the
latter was not the case. To stay with lead, for example: the atomic weight of
hydrogen is 1.008, that of ordinary lead is 207.2; according to Prout' s hypothesis
207.2 = n * 1.008, which would result in an integer. However, if you divide 207.2
by 1.008, the result is not an integer number; you will be left with fractions, which
are too big to be considered simply a matter of inaccurate measuring of the
atomic weights.
Suddenly everything changes, once you realize that lead, and once you conclude
that numerous other things are "compound elements" (this name, which implies
such a neat contradictio in adiecto, was coined by the German Professor Paneth)
and that their atomic weights are merely averages; for then you are always left
51
with the possibility, that the individual atomic weights of the compound materials
do in fact comply with Prout' s hypothesis.
B. The decay process and elemental transformation we have investigated so far
are natural processes, which, as we have noted specifically, cannot be
manipulated by chemists in any way. However, manifold experiments were
eventually crowned by success, which demonstrated that artificial breakdown of at
least one element was doubtlessly possible.
In 1919 Rutherford published a paper, in which the great scholar reported that he
had succeed in producing hydrogen and helium by treating nitrogen with alpha
particles of radium. Hydrogen, as you know, has an atomic weight of 1, helium 4,
nitrogen 14. From this we can conclude the following composition for nitrogen: N
= 3 He + 2 H = (3x4) + 2 = 14. In words: one nitrogen atom consists of 3 helium
and 2 hydrogen atoms. Unfortunately a reversal of the procedure, i.e. artificially
combination of hydrogen and helium atoms to produce nitrogen, has not yet been
accomplished.
At least this discovery soon lead to an expansion of Prout' s hypothesis in that
science now tended to believe that not just hydrogen, but hydrogen and helium
are the base matter for all elements. However, I suppose this is merely yet
another early presumption, which is so popular in exact science. There is still the
question, and it has been the prime question for thousands of years, is not
original matters in the plural, but one original matter. If we speak of one "original
matter", then logic does not permit us to use the plural.
I would appear, therefore, that the experience with first 30, then 60, then 80
ordinary elements repeats itself: given time more such "original matter" in addition
to hydrogen and helium will be discovered until there are so many that science
can no longer refuse to admit that these cannot be the original matter of nature,
but that the true original matter is yet to be discovered. And even if they
succeeded in demonstrating the recurrence of hydrogen and helium in many of
these "elements", nothing will be gained: for example, the chemical compound
SO4 appears in many formulas (H2SO4 = sulfuric acid, FeSO4 = vitriol of iron,
CuSO4 = vitriol of copper) and yet, since their composition of sulfur (S) and
oxygen (O) was already known, they were never considered original matter.
52
5. Micro-Astronomy and Macro-Chemistry.

Verum est, certum et verissimum: Superius naturam habet inferiosis et inferius
naturam superioris. - Hermes Trismegistos.
Once science was ready to accept their so-called elements as compound
materials, the delusion of the indivisibility of atoms was destroyed, because
arbitrary breakdown of a material like nitrogen was only possible by violent
shattering of its atoms. This, however, brought the quest for the internal structure
of atoms to the foreground, which was not that easy to answer and could only be
accomplished step by step. Once more we have to forego accompanying this
development at every step and instead will have to be satisfied with a simplified
description of the results, which are best expressed in Rutherford' s theory on
electrons.
According to this theory each atoms consists of a positively charged nucleus,
which is orbited by a given number of negatively charged "electrons". The positive
charge of the nucleus equals the negative charge of the electrons, so that the
entire structure (in its normal state) is electrically neutral. The number of electrons
that surround the nucleus and therefore the number of positive unit charges of the
latter, is exactly correspondent with the position number of the element in
question in the periodic system, i.e.: in hydrogen the atomic nucleus, charged
positively with on power unit has one negatively charged electron, in helium the
atomic nucleus is charged with two positive units and has two negative electrons,
lithium has three positive units and three negative electrons, and so on.
Since, as you know, positively and negatively charged bodies attract each other,
but research indicated a certain distance between the electrons and the nucleus
of the atom, it could only be deduced that they orbit the nucleus at a high velocity
so that the centrifugal force of the electric attraction provides the necessary
balance. Based on this the German Professor Fajans postulated literally - as is so
typical for an exact scientist: "Therefore, an atom can be compared to a small
solar system." Obviously the man does not dare say: "An atom is a small scale
solar system," although research results, which are certainly well known to him,
allow for no other conclusion.
Here we need to focus on the atoms size proportions: the average diameter of a
nucleus is approximately one thousand-billionth of a millimeter, the distance of the
outer electrons to the nucleus is approximately one billionth of a millimeter; that
corresponds perfectly to the proportions of the diameter of our sun to the distance
to Neptune.
Furthermore: the paths, which electrons as planets take around the atomic
nucleus as sun, are ellipses just like those of our planets; as a matter of fact, we
can even apply the well known Keppler-laws, which state that the central body sits
at the focal point of these ellipses and that the squares of the orbital periods
relate to the cubes of their distances to the sun and that their vectorial radii (the
connecting lines between the planets and the sun) cover equal areas in equal
times.
Of course, the atomic nucleus is not always just one body, just as there is not
always just one sun in a planetary system. In our solar system it just happens to
53
be only one sun, but we know of other systems in the universe, which have two or
three suns at their center, frequently of differing colors.
Today astronomy know of hundreds of so-called "double-stars" and of the triple-
star systems the most curious example can be found in the Andromeda system:
of the three stars on is blue, one green, and the third is orange.
Chemists are still uncertain, when there are several electrons present in an atom,
whether these are all at the same distance from the nucleus, i.e. following each
other in the same orbit or ellipse, or whether the have different distances on
concentric orbits, like the planets in our solar system. It is possible that both types
can be found; we also still know too little about the structure of other solar
systems to claim that the order of planets of our system is generally applicable.
Each atom then represents a small-scale solar system. - However, we must not
stop here. If we consider, how much self-denial even this has required of our
Professor, we should not expect too much of him and his peers with regards to
following up all the way with all its consequences. We, however, who do not know
such prejudice, may allow our healthy imagination - which is the important
ingredient - to run freely. And that leads us to the following conclusions:
If an atom truly is a solar system on a small scale (a "micro solar system"), then a
solar system is nothing but an atom on a big scale (a "macro atom"). Atoms do
not exist on their own, but are building blocks from which the molecules of our
known materials a constructed. Therefore, macro atoms, i.e. our and the other
known solar systems, must form "macro molecules" of some material form that is
superior to ours. Astronomical observations confirm this conclusion: our solar
system, so they say, belongs to the so-called Milky Way system together with
countless others. It is a similar structure to those other star clusters we see in the
sky - a later state of development of the spiral star nebulae.
Our Milky Way system and the other star clusters (and star nebulae) are
molecules of the aforementioned superior matter. However, since - as we know
from our own world - molecules build a body, those "macro molecules" must also
form bodies of a superior world, which has been termed "supra world".
And now we want to switch into reverse. Let us go to one of those "micro planets"
in our minds, i.e. on an electron our or material order and let us take a look
around. - The exact scientists still doubt that planets in our solar system, other
than earth, or even planets of other solar systems are settled by living beings, our
plants, animals, and humans. We, who, as mentioned before, are not hampered
by scientific prejudice, will not be surprised to find living being on the electron as
"micro planet".
Maybe the would look a little different than on earth, maybe the landscape will
look a little strange to us, exotic, but just like on earth, we shall find animals,
plants, and minerals, and if investigated the latter chemically, we would discover
that they consists of molecules, which consist of atoms, which consists of
electrons, just like ours. This world, below ours, has been termed "infra world".
Of course, these three worlds: ours, the supra-, and the infra world do not exhaust
our universe, because the bodies of the supra world, built from macro atoms,
belong to yet another electron of the next higher order world, and the electrons of
the infra world are again world bodies of some lower order world. In one word:
54
there is an infinite series of levels of forms of matter above ours and equally there
is an infinite series of levels of forms of matter below our own, and all these
matter levels are organized according to this order: body, molecule, atom,
electron.
Surprisingly, it follows that the science we call astronomy is nothing other than
chemistry of the supra world or macro chemistry, and in reverse, the science we
call chemistry is nothing other than astronomy of the infra world or micro
astronomy. If our scholars could just accept this point of view without hesitation
and would use this idea as guideline for their research, then we would have
achieved much in terms of a new philosophy and new findings would be much
accelerated (e.g. that electricity is gravitation in the infra world and gravitation in
our world is electricity in the supra world).
The following table summarizes the aforementioned in a more lucid fashion:
Infra World Our World Supra World

Star Cluster
Solar Systems
Star Cluster Molecules
World Bodies
Micro Solar Systems Macro Atoms
Molecules
World Bodies Electrons
Atoms
Electrons
In this table you will notice that it contains only six branches, whereas, as we
know, everything in nature is based on the number seven (see also the treatise on
"Spirits and Invocation of Spirits" included in the booklet "Magic"). In fact, the
seventh branch is not missing, but we shall ignore it for the time being, and shall
return to it at a later, more appropriate point.
In any case, what has been illustrated up to this point suffices to shed an entirely
new light on Hermes Trismegistos'5000 year old teachings; and it is especially
sufficient to explain the much contested sentence, with which I preamble this
section, and it lets it shine in its true meaning: „Verum est, certum et verissimum:
superius naturam habet inferioris et inferius naturam superioris." - "True is, surely
and quite certainly: the upper has the nature of the lower and the lower has the
nature of the upper."
With this proverb that old Egyptian wise man wanted to postulate a maxim for
that, what our modern scholars call "structure of matter", and applied to that it is
such a perfect match, as though it would not stem from the laboratory of an
alchemist, who lived only a few centuries after the Flood, but from the laboratory
of a Becquerel, Curie, or Rutherford of the 20th century of our time.
"But that has to be coincidence!" doubters will say. How could Hermes
Trismegistos with his primitive technical means, which were probably limited to
pots, retorts, and a fireplace, how could he gain such deep insight into the
structure of matter, as we achieved only with the aide of spectral analysis, x-rays,
55
and ultra-microscopes. - How did he do it? - Simply because he not only lacked
our modern aides, but also the limited horizons of modern science. And
furthermore, because he had something, which modern science most definitely
does not have: divine inspiration and, as the descendent of a higher being,
superhuman perception.
56
6. Macro- and Microcosm.

Thanks to his superhuman acumen and the divine inspiration he was granted
Hermes Trismegistos realized five thousand years ago, what we are searching for
today in utter blindness: the original matter, the original force, the original law. The
original matter - that is the matter in its fines solution or the light. The original
force - that is the attraction of the different and rejection of the equal. The original
law - that is the generally applicable law of analogy, which became so
convincingly clear in the preceding section.
By the way, I do not believe that Hermes Trismegistos spent a lot of time
experimenting; he probably spent more time contemplating. Today' s scholars on
the other hand experiment too much and think too little. The loose themselves in
details and forget to look at the problem as a whole. And that is the reason, why
right now the sit on a humongous heap of individual results form their astronomic,
chemical, biological, and physiological research, and are further away than ever
from understanding the universe.
Ancient scholars were quite familiar with terms like "microcosm" and
"macrocosm", and medieval alchemists also used them with ease, but in our
times scholars have no idea quite what to do with these concepts. What did they
mean? What does it mean: man is a microcosm? Literally nothing other than that
he is a living part of the universe, he himself is a small universe.
Therefore, "macrocosm" describes the big universe as opposed to this small one.
But there is more in this understanding of nature than is expressed literally by
these terms. Because, when the being man is a small scale universe or micro
cosmos, than by extension the macro cosmos must be a large scale being,
indeed, the largest of all imaginable beings and therefore should properly be
called megistozoon (in accordance with our secret knowledge).
Let us try to approach this curious idea: The universe is a large-scale living being.
What is a living being and what do we mean by the word "life"? Since determined
growth, propagation, and metabolism as criteria of life, the latter consists of an
individual taking on nourishment and expelling exhausted matter. By and large
the exhaustion of the matter in a living organism, however, is a sort of burning
process.
Indeed, these criteria for life apply to all living beings, from the lowest form, the
cell, to the most advanced, man, who consists of a multitude of differentiated
cells. Here we encounter a striking analogy: the most advanced living being is a
multiple of the most simple living being, just as the most advanced element
(uranium) is a multiple of the most simple element (hydrogen) in Prout' s
hypothesis.
On the other hand this opens up a whole new way of looking at the problem. Let
us take a look at the most simple living being, the cell, and let us investigate its
structure. We will find that it is made up of complicated molecules, which in turn
are made up of our well-known atoms and those are made up of electrons.
Therefore, the living individual is the perfection, it is the zenith of development of
matter and at the same time it is the link between molecules and world bodies,
our missed seventh link from before. It is positioned at the center of matter levels,
57
exactly where the next lower and next higher matter levels come together in this
curious shifting around.
It follows that if we take our table from above and extend it up and down
accordingly and add those intermediate links we just identified, then we find an
infinite series of levels of matter and in the same way an infinite series of levels of
living beings. If we call the beings of our world simply living beings as such (zoa),
then logically those of the infra world must be small beings (microzoa) and those
of the supra-world must be large beings (macrozoa).
Infra World Our World Supra World

Star Cluster
Solar Systems
World Bodies
Macro
Living Beings
Solar Systems Atoms
Living Beings
Solar Systems Atoms

Micro
Living Beings
Molecules
Atoms
Electrons
We already noted that cell molecules are especially complicated. Frequently they
consist of many hundreds of atoms. Let us look at our solar system as macro
atom and let us ask ourselves, whether this atom belongs to a simple or
complicated macromolecule. Doubtlessly the answer is: not hundreds, not
thousands, no, countless such macro atoms, unfathomable for the human mind,
make up that macromolecule, which is our "milky way system". The star cluster, to
which our sun belongs as a fixed star, is, according to its degree of complication,
a molecule of a much higher order than we have known in "our world" thus far.
This molecule doubtlessly belongs to some cell - a macro cell of a macro zoon.
I believe I do not need to spin this thought process any further. The intelligent
reader, free of prejudice, will doubtlessly have realized, where this is going, what
prospects open up. But I shall allow myself to illustrate my dissertation with the
help of two interesting quotes. In his moody "The Innocents Abroad" Mark Twain
58
tells us of a "giant dream" as he calls it, he had during his stay in Sidney: "In
Sidney I had a giant-dream, which I recounted to a missionary, who had come
from India and was on his way to visit relatives in New Zealand. I dreamt that the
visible universe is the bodily appearance of God; The suns and planets that form
the constellations of the billion billion solar systems and go pouring, a tossing
flood of shining globes, through the viewless arteries of space are the blood
corpuscles in the veins of God; and the nations are the microbes that swarm and
wiggle and brag in each, and to think God can tell them apart at that distance has
nothing better to do than try."
A similarity of ideas with Mark Twain's "giant-dream" can be found in Charles
Kingsley's "Hypatia", of which I already quote a few sentences, which raised the
question whether earth may not in fact be a living being, in the second chapter of
my booklet on astrology. The remainder of that quote shall follow here, which
addresses man from this point of view:
"Oh, what a base satire on ourselves and our notions of the fair and fitting, to say
that a thing cannot be alive and rational, just because it goes steadily on upon its
own road, instead of skipping and scrambling fantastically up and down without
method or order, like us and the fleas, from the cradle to the grave! Besides, if
you grant, with the rest of the world, that fleas are less noble than we, because
they are our parasites, then you are bound to grant that we are less noble than
the earth, because we are its parasites. Positively, it looks more probable than
anything I have seen for many a day.... And, by the bye, why should not
earthquakes, and floods, and pestilences, be only just so many ways which the
cunning old brute earth has of scratching herself when the human fleas and their
palace and city bites get too troublesome?"
Mind you, dear reader, both passages, Mark Twain' s giant dream as well as
Kingsley' s human fleas do not quite pan out with our view of nature as we had
developed it above, do not quite hit the target. Earth is neither a blood globe in
God' s veins, nor an "old, cunning animal", and therefore, man is neither a microbe
within such a blood globe, nor is he a parasite on this animal. But by and large
both, in their unscientific contemplations, come closer to the truth than many an
artificial philosophical system or man an exact-scientific hypothesis.
At least they are already projections of the truth, granted, still rather obscure and
unclear, yet not quite non-sensical. I have already mentioned Giordano Bruno in
my astrological booklet in the chapter "Our World in the Change of Time". Already
some 400 years ago he accomplished a great deed, when he forcibly broke
through the alleged heavenly vault, which according to contemporary belief was a
crystal ball and surrounded the entire world. He was the first to teach that the
entire infinite space is filled with solar systems. To this very day science has not
succeeded to proceed beyond this infinite space filled with solar systems.
Please do not think of me as arrogant or egocentric, when I claim for myself a
similar meritoriousness, as is accorded Giordano Bruno, for claiming for myself,
who, as initiate of a ancient oriental secret science and messenger of the masters
of Bit Nur, endeavor to challenge this infinite space filled with solar systems. What
purpose would such space have? What sense would it make? Let us imagine
ourselves as micro beings on the micro world body of a protein molecule, which
belongs to a human organism, which lives organized as micro-man - analogous to
59
the conditions in our world - in the infra world. Would not then our environment on
that matter level also appear to us as infinite space filled with solar systems?
Truly, exact science has not yet outgrown its baby-booties, no, it is still wearing
diapers, and the only big aspect is its humongous hydrocephalus and conceit!
Of course, if you propose such an exceptional concept, as the teachings, which I
have just proclaimed, then you must not shy away from exposing its ultimate
consequences. And what are these ultimate consequences in this case?
The assumption of levels of matter that are superior to ours, with living beings that
are superior to us, and of levels of matter that are inferior to ours, with living
beings that are inferior to us, will eventually lead to an ultimate and highest level
of matter, an ultimate and greatest living being on the one hand and a most
inferior and lowest level of matter, an inferior and lowest living being on the other
hand: the megistozoon corresponds to the microtatozoon. Or not? Or maybe the
series of levels of matter suns and living beings continues up and down in infinity?
The reader will not have overlooked that my parlance thus far allows for both
apparently contradictory possibilities. I have talked about an infinite series of
levels of matter and used the term megistozoon to describe the universe. How
can this contradiction be resolved? First of all, I do not seriously consider
resolving the contradiction, but actually to aggravate it by declaring that the
highest and greatest living being on this infinite series of levels is also the most
inferior and lowest at the same time, and that each living being on each level of
matter is megisto and micro tatozoon at the same time.
The solution to this enigma cannot be found in astronomy, chemistry, or biology;
we have to look for the solution in metaphysics. Here, at this point, I cannot and
will not give you more than an oracular explanation in the form of an parable: on a
circle the uppermost point is also the lowermost point at the same time and each
point on the circle coincides with this uppermost and lowermost point when the
radius of the circles becomes zero. Besides, this solution hidden in the parable is
nothing new: If you are able to follow the ideas of a true philosopher like Leibnitz
in his monadology, then it should be easy to follow this basic idea. As I said, I
cannot discuss this in detail here. The discussion of the metaphysical aspect of
the problem will have to be reserved for a later treatise in a later volume, in which
I will describe the philosophy of Oeheim in all due detail.
Perhaps some readers will think that I have gone too far already by introducing
terms like "micro and macro cosmos", megisto and microtatozoon" in this booklet
on alchemy, however, I had good reason to do so. Not only, as I emphasized
before, was the use of the terms macro and micro cosmos quite common among
alchemists, but their concept of nature and man actually led them attempt the
creation of artificial beings and to put the homunculus problem right next on the
same level with the Philosophers’ Stone. Amazingly, now in our most enlightened
time, when in the believe in the inviolability of the "elements" no serious
researchers even considered producing a Philosophers’ Stone, they
experimented on the other problem with even more fervor and hoped to soon let
artificial protein be followed by the first artificial cell and thus, if not a true
homunculus, to at least create the first living organism. This dream has not yet
been fulfilled and will not be fulfilled. Why? Because the creation of life requires
more than merely joining atoms and molecules; because it requires the life-giving
60
creator-word, which is only known to our Lord and therefore cannot be found in
any magic book, not even in the "Sifr Waswasat" of Bit Nur.
61
7. The Law of Analogy.

"Into the core of Nature" -
O Philistine -
"No earthly mind can enter."
The maxim is fine;
But have the grace
To spare the dissenter,
Me and my kind.
We think: in every place
We' re at the center.
Goethe, who wrote these insightful verses, was not an exact scientist, but a poet,
i.e. even though he does not have the superhuman origins like our Hermes
Trismegistos, but he shares the same spark of divine inspiration, which helps
develop the mind more than any lengthy studies and experiments.
At least the philosophers and scholars at whom Goethe had directed his words
tended to be more humble than ours today, who do not say: ""Into the core of
nature no earthly mind can enter," but believe themselves capable to penetrate
nature and would love at anybody, who confronts them with the truth: that they
cannot possibly penetrate any further than they have already! And yet, it is exactly
so.
You have invented the ultra-microscope to make molecules visible and now you
only regret that you cannot reach the electron? Just look around you! You yourself
live on just such an electron. On an electron of 40.000 kilometers circumference,
which you truly do not need to enlarge by means of a magnifying glass. - You
want to investigate the universe? Well, then why are you constantly looking into
that giant telescope? Better just look into the mirror!
To put it into plain words and without humility, the philosophy we described in the
preceding chapter is the summit of physical understanding of nature, beyond
which there are no further options. If we follow the development and progress in
science from this point of view throughout the millennia, throughout human
history, then we shall observe the achievement of gradual expansion due to
tireless research of the originally limited horizon after the collapse of the golden
age - a gradual expansion, marked by Ptolomaeus, Giordana Bruno, Laplace, and
Rutherford, who today, with astronomy and chemistry reaching out to each other,
have finally progressed far enough for the summit to come into view, to climb it
with a vigor, exact science would never dare. Those, however, who climb it these
days, the initiates of the secret knowledge, they already knew it since the
beginning of time and had already climbed it millennia ago when the uneducated
masses still believed in the heavens and okeanos.
Of course, this truth tends to diminish our view of what our scholars'have
achieved: After all, in reality in their efforts over the millennia they have only
succeeded in proving by trial and error what the initiates had already known by
means of abstract contemplation and supernatural revelation. Tragically, now, as
they finally have come so close to the summit - as we said, without daring to
actually climb it - now the time has come to recognize that all their efforts have
62
been in vain, because with the return of the golden age in human history, the pure
cognizance, which had to be strived for on those rocky experimental roads, will
return and the naked truth shall reveal itself.
And therefore, the initiated, who as confessor of the rightful Master of the Worlds
had already been found worthy to hear these revelations, will look at all this
laborious research throughout the millennia, during the eons of the "Other", as
nothing more than idle pastime. In this chapter we have investigated the
progress of research by means of scientific material, but I shall repeat it once
more, I cannot emphasize it sufficiently, that the true initiates of all times, even the
most ancient times of our eon, had come to the same conclusion and have
reached the zenith of revelation without telescopes and microscopes, without x-
rays, and so on. They have comprehended the original law of nature, which
always applies to everything, simply by deepest contemplation: the law of
analogies!
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IV. The Alchemy of the Philosophers of Bit Nur

On the left hill of the temple and cloister complex of Bit Nur, on the upper floor,
you will find the multi-room chemical laboratory of the Chakimim. During my first
visit I only had the opportunity for a brief introduction and the same was true for
the archive, the museum, the library and the astrological observatory; but on the
occasion of my second visit, after I had been initiated into the Order of the
Chakimim and after being given the name Mussalam, Ava Manas, the Chakim
Hachkimim4, my friend and patron, personally introduced me to the secrets of this
ancient shrine.
Many years have passed since, but I still remember the conversation we had prior
to our visit to the laboratory as though it was only yesterday. We talked about the
"coming realm", i.e. the coming return of the golden age at the turn of the
millennium after eons of "the Other" and the external changes, which this new
period of happiness will bring to humankind. "Please, do not misunderstand me,
my friend," Arya Ananas said while we were sitting on the balcony of one of his
rooms, smoking our hookah (water pipe), occasionally taking a sip of Scharbit5,
and enjoying the marvelous views of the wide landscape lying before us.
"Do not misunderstand me! No that suddenly over night from the night of
December 31st, 2000 to January 1st, 2001, as if by magic, the entire world will be
changed and human, who are still semi-animal beings, lumbered down by
passions, vices, and diseases and who went to bed oppressed the night before,
will now in the morning suddenly awake as saintly, angelic beings in some sort of
paradise. Such, my friend, would be an entirely incorrect vision. - No, no, the
magnificent change, this last great revolution will come to pass in an entirely
different manner. It shall start several decades before this point in time and shall
last for many centuries thereafter. Yes indeed, it has actually begun already and
the initiated, who can read the signs of the times and can interpret them correctly,
will already have noticed them. The Great War created conditions on the earth,
which cannot possibly last. They carry the seed for new, enormous events. The
next decades shall bring previews of such events: new, small wars and
revolutions, which nevertheless shall agitate the people radically and will lead to
the formation of a giant nation towards the end of the 20th century."
"A giant nation in Europe? I interrupted him curiously. "And which nation shall be
the dominant people? What type of nation? Republic or monarchy?
"The latter," said Arya Manas, ignoring my first question. "Such a realm can only
be a monarchy."
"And who shall be the monarch? From which people, which dynasty does he hail
from?" I insisted.
"His name will be: Peace on Earth," was is secretive Answer, "and his kingdom
will reach from the Ural Mountains to the Pillars of Hercules. The people he hails
from is one that has been toppled and lies in a lingering state and its dynasty has
been almost extinguished, cruelly stomped into the ground. I cannot and must not
4
The Highest of the Chakimim, Grand Master of the Order and Ruler of Nuristan.
5
Ice cold lemonade.
64
tell you more at this moment, my friend. Once you will have learned to read the
stars, you yourself shall be able to unveil this secret."
I tried, as well I could, to veil my disappointment. What would I have sacrificed at
this moment to lift just a corner of the veil and to illuminate myself about the
destiny of my own people! - Today, as I am writing this down, my curiosity has
long been satisfied. I have learned to read the stars, whose gilded writing in the
skies never misleads, but if the reader now asks me those same questions with
which I assailed Arya Manas back then, then I have to answer in the same
manner: at this time nothing about this matter can be revealed.
"However, something I do not need to veil from you," my noble friend continue
after a period of silence, "is the manner in which this giant kingdom will come to
pass at the gate to the new era."
"How else," I interjected, "than any of the other great empires before this? By
cruel wars, murder, and bloodshed."
But Arya Manas smiled. "That would be a poor path to an empire of peace. True,
entirely without war, entirely without bloodshed it cannot be achieved, but the
primary weapons shall be an entirely different one this time. Not large-caliber long
distance cannons, not fire and poison gas, not gunboats and submarines,
airplanes and airships shall be the deciding factors, but - the donkey of Philipp of
Macedonia."
"The donkey of Philipp of Macedonia!"
I immediately comprehended the allusion. Those of my readers, however, who
are less knowledgeable in history, may know that that King of Macedonia, the
father of Alexander the Great, once said that a donkey laden with Gold can
overcome even the strongest battlements.
"Yes," Arya Manas continued, "the gold laden donkey of King Philipp." He shall
not prove himself to be the best general, but he shall be the best diplomate."
"But I think, " I objected, "that would require - to stay with the simile - not just one
gold laden donkey, in fact not donkeys at all, but probably an entire long chain of
gold laden camels, or better yet, elephants. Because today, unlike in Philipp' s
times, it is not just a question of bribing a few cities, but large nations, which in
some cases are quite rich in their own rights...."
"No!" Arya Manas interrupted me, "not nations, but statesmen! States are merely
terms, but statesmen are human beings, and as human beings they can always
be had for gold. The price is irrelevant."
I gave him a doubtful glance. "I don' t know ... to cleanse the world of all the
different, sometimes contrary political interests, which are represented by our
present day statesmen, - I just don' t know, whether all the gold on earth today,
whether minted or unminted, would suffice!"
"Probably not," he calmly admitted after taking a considerable drought from the
Nargile. - "But then we simply have to produce more until there is enough."
"That might be difficult. As far as I know, gold production in all countries where it
can be found, is on the decline and year after year, day by day, becomes less
profitable, so that soon not even operating costs will be covered. But assuming
65
the current supply and its increase by the production of the coming decades
would be sufficient - how are we to succeed in bringing it all into on hand, which
obviously would be indispensable."
Again, Arya Manas smiled. "My dear friend, you misunderstood me a little. I was
not referring to the gold hoard of the financial world and the natural production of
this precious metal."
"Not?" "Well, then what did you mean?"
"What would you say, if I shared with you that we Chakimim her at Bit Nur are
already are, producing a much larger gold hoard for the future ruler than the
relative small deposits of gold that occur naturally on earth, which, incidentally, we
do not even consider adding to our hoard?"
"Ah!"
"And if I further assure you that our hoard is already a multitude of the natural
hoard? That we are already storing many hundredweights of gold bars in our
subterranean vaults cut into the rocks beneath Bit Nur?"
"Ah!" My surprise was too complete to allow me to utter more than mere
monosyllabic interjections.
Arya Manas continued in the some impressive tone: "We only wait for the day of
birth of the future Prince of Peace - for has not been born yet - to give generously
to the loyal of his dynasty, who are in exile now."
"So you are alchemists?" I finally burst out. "And does that exiled dynasty know
that here an empire is being prepared for them? And do you, who are well versed
in reading the stars, know the day of birth of the Prince of Peace?"
"I shall answer your last question first: the birth date is May 7th, 1986. However,
to seek relations to the ruling family at this time would be premature. And with
regards to our alchemy - that you may judge from your own observation!"
The chemical laboratory of Bit Nur consisted of several rooms, as I had
mentioned before, of which I saw only two during my first visit to Nuristan. They
were furnished and equipped in much the same manner as any modern institute
of this type. The other rooms remained closed to me back then.
When I hurried to follow Arya Manas upon his invitation this time, I was surprised
that he simply passed the entry door, through which we had entered the last time.
But he immediately gave me an explanation: "The laboratory has five rooms in all,
two of which you know already. In the third we make our Philosophers’ Stone, the
fourth is a kind of chapel in which it is kept, and in the fifth the Chakimim gather
when they are summoned for the Inkilaeb ceremony6."
"So you master the art of producing the Philosophers'Stone?"
"Yes, but our Philosophers'Stones is not quite the same those medieval
alchemists produced. Theirs was a rough, yellowish mineral, which was thrown
onto molten metal, dissolved, and by being absorbed by the metal caused the
transformation. Ours on the other hand is a transparent crystal that emanates its
6
Geber already used this Arabic word to describe transmutation of metals.
66
own light and with this emanation transforms each metal in the vicinity into its
equivalent within the next higher group, i.e. copper into silver, silver into gold."
"And if you wish to transform copper into gold?"
"Then you only need to repeat the process."
During this conversation we had stopped in front of the next door, which Arya
Manas unlocked. The room we entered was about ten meters long and ten meters
wide. The only light came through a window on the right-hand wall and it had
wooden shutters. The short wall across the room also had a door, but it was
closed. This door probably led into the so-called "chapel". The floor was covered
with thick straw mats; walls and the ceiling were just painted white. To the left of
that other door there was a large trunk and on its cover lay about a dozen dark
eyeglasses, glasses with massive gold frames.
I had already notice one curiosity: in the entire building the doorknobs were made
of copper, including the doorknobs on the outside of the door to this room; on the
inside, however, it appeared to be gold. When I stepped towards it once more to
make sure, Arya Manas immediately explained:
"This doorknob, too, was once of copper, just like the frames of those glasses on
that trunk. They have been transformed to gold, when they were exposed to the
radiation that emanates from our crystal. We shall use those glasses later; right
now we have no need for them. And now, let us continue!" With these words he
opened the door that led to the "chapel".
This room was exactly half the size of the anteroom and formed a perfect square.
However, it did not have a window, but only a second door on the left. The light
that entered from the anteroom was quite sufficient to see what it looked like
inside. Here, too, the walls and ceiling were painted in white and the floor was
covered with a large straw mat. In the center of the mat stood a small octagonal
table and in a circle around it there were seven similar ones. The latter were
empty; but on the center table there was a round alabaster plate and on it a dome
of the same material. It had a diameter of about 30 centimeters.
"The next room," Aray Manas said, "is our actual alchemistic workshop, which
immediately follows our chemical laboratory. We shall look in there some other
time. Today I only want to show you the effect of the Billur - that'
s what we call our
crystal in our language."
"That shall interest me enormously," I assured him.
"Then just be patient for a moment longer. I shall summon the Chakimim to the
Inkilab right away."
With those words he went to the side-door and knocked on it three times in a
specified rhythm. From there, i.e. from the laboratory, the signal apparently was
somehow carried throughout the entire building, because before a minute had
passed, we could hear various doors open and shut and soon thereafter the first
Chakimim appeared in the anteroom.
Since they all knew me already, they showed no surprise at my presence. There
were altogether seven, who came for the ceremony, and after greetings had been
exchanged, each hurried to put on one of those glasses. Arya Manas did the
same and admonished me to follow their example. The blackness of the glasses
67
turned out to be so intense that I could barely make out my own nose tip and my
hands before my eyes. It was as though I was in a very dark room. In the
meantime Arya Manas had opened the connecting door to the "chapel" and one
of the Chakimim had lifted the lid of the trunk that was sitting next to the door.
Pushing my glasses up for one last moment in order to be able to see, I found that
the trunk was filled with shiny, glimmering copper and silver bars.
The Chakimim now all stepped towards the trunk and each took one of the bars
without needing any special prompting from Arya Manas. With their bars they now
marched, one after the other like in a procession, into the chapel, were they
ceremoniously placed them on the seven empty tables that surround the center
table with the alabaster plate and dome. Then they returned to the anteroom and
lined up against the opposing wall. Now Arya Manas closed the window shutters
and we suddenly stood in utter darkness.
All of this happened in silence. Silently Arya Manas now took my hand and led me
into the furthest corner of the chapel. Then I felt his hand on my face. He made
sure that my glasses were properly covering my eyes. Then he left me. - For
about a minute both rooms were filled with noiseless silence and I anticipated the
great moment to come. And so it was.
"Bishum Adunna - in the name of the Lord!" Arya Mana' s voice pealed from the
center of the chapel and simultaneously lifted the alabaster dome off the center
table.
What was to follow almost let me cry out in surprise. An intense light suddenly
filled the entire room, a light so pure and snowy-white, like none of those most
artfully prepared carbon coils of or electric lights can produce, and also, infinitely
stronger. Yes, it was so strong that, if I had not been entirely certain, I would have
never believed that I was wearing blackened glasses. It was as though this light
completely negated the blackening of the glasses so that I could now see through
it as though they were colorlessly transparent.
I have to point out, though, that it was not a blinding light, despite its intensity. But
that was probably thanks to the protective glasses. Without them it would
probably have been unbearable for the eyes. Where did this miraculous light
come from? From an about fist-sized crystal object that was sitting at the center of
the alabaster plate on the center table. Upon closer inspection I found it to be in
the form of a regular ikositetraeder (24 surfaces).
But listen! What was that now? The Chakimim in the anteroom had raised their
voices and monotonous singing entered my ears. Listening carefully I could
understand every word. It was some sort of hymn in which I soon noticed certain
terms and phrases, which reminded me of text passages from Hermes
Trismegistos'tabula smaragdina. The hymn represented its original version, as I
was to learn later. It was sung in chaldaeic language, but I shall reproduce it here
in the English translation:
"Acclaim and praise to our Lord, who created heaven and earth by his word! And
he created the upper equal to the lower and the lower equal to the upper.
His father is the sun, his mother the moon, and his windy breath inseminates the
earth.
68
And the creatures below mix their powers with those of above
And they conceive a wondrous being. It harbors four elements.
Our Lord is in his earth. Our Lord is in his water. Our Lord is in his air. Our Lord is
in his fire.
Earth, water, air, and fire obey his will and follow the orders of our Lord. Thus the
world is created and the name of our Lord is the key to all its secrets."
These seven verses were repeated three times, and then the singing subsided.
Arya Manas, who had come to my side and stood motionless throughout, now
stepped toward the center table and set the alabaster dome, which he had set on
the floor next to the table before, back over the crystal. Immediately the white light
disappeared, but when I took of my glasses, I noticed that it had not become
really dark around us, because the seven metal bars on the tables in the circle
now were fluorescent. Some now shone in a lively bluish, others in a greenish
light. However, this lasted only a few seconds.
Now the window shutters next-door were also re-opened and the Chakimim
entered to gather up the bars. When I inspected them outside in daylight, the rest
of my doubts evaporated: I was holding in my hands pure silver and gold. Later
Arya Manas offered a detailed explanation of the whole process of the Inkilab and
of the nature and creation of the Billur - explanations, however, which I cannot
reveal here in their entirety, because they were revealed to me under the veil of
confidentiality. Only a few cursory details may be outlined here.
In any case, they convinced me that today' s chemistry is still quite far away from
the answer to its ultimate question, the detailed structure of matter, the mutual
relationship of those "elements", which are not elements, and their periodic
system. As I said, in detail; for by and large the observations in the preceding
chapter are correct. Particularly this periodic system, which after the latest update
by A. Werner and P. Pfeifer comes closest to the truth, does still have serious
holes and will require extensive reorganization.
As you may recall, Arya Manas hat told me that the Billur always transforms metal
into a corresponding one of the next higher group, i.e. copper to silver, silver to
gold. If you compare this with the following table, you will find this to be correct.
But what about, for example, iron, platinum, quicksilver, lead? The correct order
has not yet been established.
69
Note: abbreviations that were not yet included in the earlier table (1903):
Pr = Praseodym, Nd = Neodym, Sm = Samanum, EU == Europium, Gd =
Gadolinium, Tb = Terbium, Dy = Dysprosium, Ho = Holmium, Er = Erbium, Tu =
Tullium, Lu = Lutetium, Po = Polonium, Em = Emmanation, Ra == Radium, Ac =
Actinium, Pa = Protactinium
Further Arya Manas, who was well informed about modern research, disclosed to
me that the so-called "order numbers" (so far 1-92), which are purported to
correspond to the positive nuclear charge of the atom and the number of its
negatively charged electrons, in reality have nothing at all to do with that, but are
the atomic weights. For now the atomic numbers must still be considered to be
quite arbitrary and shall have to be changed repeatedly after discovery of further
intermediate elements (which are not isotopes!).
Finally, with respect to the nature and creation of the Billur he shared with me that
this is the original Philosophers'Stone, as Hermes Trismegistos knew it, and
which differs from the medieval one not only in the material, but also in its
crystallization. In this latter already science is also still quite behind. The crystal is
the individual in the realm of minerals and therefore, it observes a law of
development.
However, this is not meant to mean that each mineral allows for just one specific
shape of crystal and that these different shapes form some sort of scale; no, the
same mineral can develop crystal shapes of differing levels or can be created
artificially, depending on the conditions in which crystallization is to occur.
I also learned a sort of chemical formula for the Billur - a formula, which specifies
both, composition and crystalline shape. Alas, I am not permitted to publish it
here. And when I chemically analyzed the artificial silver and gold (the laboratory
at Bit Nur has all the necessary equipment), to my surprise I found that the atomic
weight of the silver was not 107.88, but 108; and that of the gold was not 197.2,
but 196 - from which we can deduce that both must be considered "compound
elements" as well. Without a doubt there are many more such "compound
elements", in fact, we would not be mistaken in concluding that all naturally
occurring elements are actually compound isotopes made up of seven
components...
70
With this I shall close. I believe I have succeeded in demonstrating the point I was
trying to make in this booklet. If we look around today, we will find that of the
occult sciences the long ago abandoned astrology was the first, which enjoyed a
jubilant resurrection. Today almost everyone believes in the effect the stars have
on human life. The book markets are flooded with new astrological publications
and the classified sections of our daily newspapers are full of announcements
from astrological offices. In some larger cities you can get your horoscope from
more or less talented astrologers in almost any café or on any street-corner.
And now alchemy will doubtlessly follow the example of astrology. The obstacles,
which stood in the way of resurrection, have been eliminated and the path is free
again for Europe’s scholars and amateurs to search for the ultimate prize, which
oriental initiates have achieved long ago, and the secret of which they shall
protect for a little while longer: the Philosophers'Stone!
71

Alchemy DR Musallam

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Dr.

Musallam: Alchemy – The Art of Producing the Philosophers’ Stone

The Art to Produce the Philosophers’ Stone,

Universally understandably described

Note: published in Berlin, circa 1922

Chronological index of selected important alchemistic publications: ......................16

II. A T THE S C H O OL OF THE A D E P T S .................................................... 18

III. T H E A L C H E M I S T I C P RO B L EM IN T O D A Y ' S R E S E AR C H ......................... 42

1. Modern Ideas in Medieval Alchemy. .................................................................42

IV. T H E A L C H E M Y OF THE P H IL O S O P H E R S OF B I T N U R ........................... 64

I. The Nature and History of Alchemy

or = "the study of the juices".

meltability, which is also untiringly emphasized by knowledgeable alchemists over

Margaret of Austria, who was instrumental in his appointment as imperial

Chronological index of selected important alchemistic publications:

II. At the School of the Adepts

2. Questions and Answers.

that is just a matter of terminology; the nature of the processes remains

Cameleon: salt, because it takes on different colors during transformation to the

Essence of Lillie: solid, red: philosophers'mercury.

Pelican: flask, retort.

Spit gatherers of the 10 hole of man: pseudo-alchemists, who sought to

Excerpts from alchemistic writings.

From J. F. Hautnorton: „Treatise on Philosophical Salt".

And when at last it is white and pure,

And seal this well.

Hence the moon shall shine;

From Elias Artista: „The Secret of Salt". 1770.

III. The Alchemistic Problem in Today's Research

2. The Study of the Elements in the 19th Century.

1 Hydrogen H 1.0 25 Manganese Mn 54.9 49 Tin Sn 118.7

3. The Discovery of Radioactivity and its Consequences.

4. Decay and Transformation of “Elements”

5. Micro-Astronomy and Macro-Chemistry.

Infra World Our World Supra World

6. Macro- and Microcosm.

Infra World Our World Supra World

Star Cluster Molecules

Solar Systems Atoms

World Bodies Electrons

Star Cluster Molecules

Solar Systems Atoms

World Bodies Electrons

7. The Law of Analogy.

IV. The Alchemy of the Philosophers of Bit Nur

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