GANIBAN, GIL RAPHAEL L.

BSN210

1. The doctor at situations like these may look and recommend alternative
treatments for prostate cancer, because surgery is not the only option to cure
prostate cancer. Treatments for prostate cancer maybe radiation therapy,
cryotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. When treatment is not
likely to be as effective and might cause serious complications, or when the risk
to the patient is not as clear, the ethical issues are more complex.

2. An example of consent for emergency situations would be the express consent.

Consent may be either express written or verbal or implied by behaviour or
actions of the patient. Express consent is not superior to implied consent in a
medico-legal context, but it is essential that the patient is competent when
making the decision. If a surgeon is confronted with an emergency which
endangers the life or health of the patient, it is his or her duty to do that which
the occasion demands within the usual and customary practice among
physicians and surgeons without the consent of the patient.

3. It is the health practitioner’s duty to inform the patient or his legal guardian the
full detail of the treatment which also includes the risks or complications. The
failure to disclose suck a thing is a medical malpractice. A health practitioner
could be sued successfully for failing to disclose a material risk if that risk
materializes and directly causes injury, and the judge or jury determines that a
reasonable person would have decided against the treatment had the risk been
disclosed prior to the treatment.

4. In the United States, there are consents called emancipated minors which
means minors who are mature enough and are capable of being independent
financially, socially, and economically do not need a legal guardian to sign the
consent for them. At his status in life it is stated that he has a place of
employment which means he may be have the emancipated consent.

5. One may be asked to witness a signature in all legal documents. Legal

documents need to be signed, but another common requirement is to have your
signature witnessed by a third-party. This is done for evidence. If a party to the
agreement says they did not sign, the person who witnessed the party signing
can be called to confirm it. The witness can confirm that the specific person
signed and that that was the signature they made.
6. As a health care practitioner, I believe I should reconsider whether they have
been given the information they want or need, and how well they understand
the details and implications of what is proposed. If process has been done, I
should ask the patient to take more time to finalize her decision where she
should be confident or sure of.

7. For situations like these, under the doctrine of informed consent, the physician,
having the knowledge how important the test is, should have stressed more
and gave more effort in persuading the client for this matter. These are tests
which are mandatory. It is necessary for the patient’s safety. A physician
should always do their best for the safety and health of a patient. Respecting of
client’s refusal is an exception in this matter.