AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR SMALL BUILDINGS:

 WINDOW AIR CONDITIONERS

 SPLIT AIR CONDITIONERS SYSTEM

 PACKAGED TERMINAL UNITS AND

 CENTRALIZED AIR CONDITIONER SYSTEM

WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

 Window air conditioner is the most commonly used air conditioner for single rooms.

 In this air conditioner all the components, namely the compressor, condenser, expansion
valve or coil, evaporator and cooling coil are enclosed in a single box.

 This unit is fitted in a slot made in the wall of the room, or more commonly a window sill.

PARTS OF THE

WINDOW AIR CONDITIONERS

 Windows air conditioners are one of the most widely used types of air conditioners because
they are the simplest form of the air conditioning systems.
 Window air conditioner comprises of the rigid base on which all the parts of the window air
conditioner are assembled.

 The base is assembled inside the casing which is fitted into the wall or the window of the
room in which the air conditioner is fitted.

 The whole assembly of the window air conditioner can be divided into two compartments:
the room side, which is also the cooling side and the outdoor side from where the heat
absorbed by the room air is liberated to the atmosphere.

 The room side and outdoor side are separated from each other by an insulated partition
enclosed inside the window air conditioner assembly.

 In the front of the window air conditioner on the room side there is beautifully decorated
front panel on which the supply and return air grills are fitted (the whole front panel itself is
commonly called as front grill).

 The louvers fitted in the supply air grills are adjustable so as to supply the air in desired
direction. There is also one opening in the grill that allows access to the control panel or
operating panel in front of the window air conditioner.

 The various parts of the window air conditioner can be divided into following categories: the
refrigeration system, air circulation system, ventilation system, control system, and the
electrical protection system. All these have been discussed in details below along with the
front panel and other parts.
THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM OF THE WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

 The refrigeration system of the window air conditioner comprises of all the important parts
of the refrigeration cycle.

 These include the compressor, condenser, expansion valve and the evaporator. All these
components have been shown in figure. The refrigerant used in most of the window air
conditioners is R22.

 The compressor used in the window air conditioners is hermetically sealed type, which is
portable one. This compressor has long life and it carries long warranty periods. In case of
the maintenance problems it can be replaced easily from the company.

 The compressor used in the window air conditioners is hermetically sealed type, which is
portable one. This compressor has long life and it carries long warranty periods. In case of
the maintenance problems it can be replaced easily from the company.

 The condenser is made up of copper tubing and it is cooled by the atmospheric air. The
condenser is covered with the fins to enable faster heat transfer rate from it.
  The capillary tubing made up of various rounds of the copper coil is used as the expansion
valve in the window air conditioners.

 Just before the capillary there is drier filter that filters the refrigerant and also removes the
moisture particles, if present in the refrigerant.

 Like condenser, the evaporator is also made up of copper tubing of number of turns and is
covered with the fins. The evaporator is also called as the cooling coil since the rooms air
passes over it and gets cooled.

 Just in front of the evaporator there is air filter fitted in the front panel or front grill. As the
room air is absorbed, it is first passed over the filter so that it gets filtered. The filtered air is
then blown over the cooling coil and the chilled air is passed into the room.

 The refrigerant after leaving the cooling coil enters the accumulator where it is accumulated
and then it is again sucked by the compressor for recirculation over the whole cycle.

AIR CIRCULATION SYSTEM OF THE WINDOW AIR CONDITIONER

The air circulation system of the window air conditioner comprises of the following parts-

1. Blower: This is the small blower that is fitted behind the evaporator or cooling coil inside the
assembly of the window air conditioner system. The blower sucks the air from the room
which first passes over the air filter and gets filtered. The air then passes over the cooling coil
and gets chilled. The blower then blows this filtered and chilled air, which passes through the
 supply air compartment inside the window air conditioner assembly. This air is then delivered
into the room from the supply air grill of the front panel.

2. Propeller fan or the condenser fan: The condenser fan is the forced draft type of propeller
fan that sucks the atmospheric air and blows it over the condenser. The hot refrigerant inside
the condenser gives up the heat to the atmospheric air and its temperature reduces.

3. Fan motor: The motor inside the window air conditioner assembly is located between the
condenser and the evaporator coil. It has double shaft on one side of which the blower is
fitted and on the other side the condenser fan is fitted. This makes the whole assembly of the
blower, the condenser fan and the motor highly compact.

SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER

 The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit. The
outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser
and expansion valve. The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the
cooling fan. For this unit you don’t have to make any slot in the wall of the room. Further,
present day split units have aesthetic appeal and do not take up as much space as a window
unit. A split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms.
PARTS OF THE SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER:

 WALL MOUNTED INDOOR UNIT

The indoor unit of the split air conditioner is a box type housing in which all the important
parts of the air conditioner are enclosed. The most common type of the indoor unit is the wall
mounted type though other types like ceiling mounted and floor mounted are also used.

It is the indoor unit that produces the cooling effect inside the room.
EVAPORATOR COIL OR THE COOLING COIL:

 The cooling coil is a copper coil made of number turns of the copper tubing with one or more
rows depending on the capacity of the air condition system.

 The cooling coil is covered with the aluminum fins so that the maximum amount of heat can
be transferred from the coil to the air inside the room.

 The refrigerant from the tubing at very low temperature and very low pressure enters the
cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the hot room air or the atmospheric air and in doing so the air passes
over the cooling coil which leads to the cooling of the air. This air is then blown to the room
where the cooling effect has to be produced.

 The air, after producing the cooling effect is again sucked by the blower and the process of
cooling the room continues.
  After absorbing the heat from the room air, the temperature of the refrigerant inside the
cooling coil becomes high and it flows back through the return copper tubing to the
compressor inside the outdoor unit.

 The refrigerant tubing supplying the refrigerant from the outdoor unit to the indoor unit and
that supplying the refrigerant from indoor unit to the outdoor unit are both covered with the
insulation tape.

AIR FILTER:

 The air filter is very important part of the indoor unit. It removes all the dirt particles from the
room air and helps supplying clean air to the room.

 The air filter in the wall mounted type of the indoor unit is placed just before the cooling coil.
When the blower sucks the hot room air, it is first passed through the air filter and then
though the cooling coil. Thus the clean air at low temperature is supplied into the room by
the blower.

 One of the most popular types split air conditioners is the wall mounted type of split AC. In
these ACs the indoor

COOLING FAN OR BLOWER:

 Inside the indoor unit there is also a long blower that sucks the room air or the atmospheric
air. It is an induced type of blower and while is sucks the room air it is passed over the cooling
coil and the filter due to which the temperature of the air reduces and all the dirt from it is
removed.

 The blower sucks the hot and unclean air from the room and supplies cool and clean air back.

 The shaft of the blower rotates inside the bushes and it is connected to a small multiple
speed motor, thus the speed of the blower can be changed. When the fan speed is changed
with the remote it is the speed of the blower that changes. DRAIN PIPE:

 Due to the low temperature refrigerant inside the cooling coil, its temperature is very low,
usually much below the dew point temperature of the room air. When the room air is passed
over the cooling due the suction force of the blower, the temperature of the air becomes
very low and reaches levels below its dew point temperature.

 Due to this the water vapor present in the air gets condensed and dew or water drops are
formed on the surface of the cooling coil. These water drops fall off the cooling coil and are
collected in a small space inside the indoor unit.

 To remove the water from this space the drain pipe is connected from this space extending
to the some external place outside the room where water can be disposed off. Thus the
drain pipe helps removing dew water collected inside the indoor unit.
 To remove the water efficiently the indoor unit has to be a tilted by a very small angle of
about 2 to 3 degrees so that the water can be collected in the space easily and drained out. If
this angle is in opposite direction, all the water will get drained inside the room. Also, the if
the tilt angle is too high, the indoor unit will shabby inside the room.

LOUVERS OR FINS:

 The cool air supplied by the blower is passed into the room through louvers. The louvers help
changing the angle or direction in which the air needs to be supplied into the room as per the
requirements. With louvers one easily change the direction in which the maximum amount of
the cooled air has to be passed.

 There are two types of louvers: horizontal and vertical. The horizontal louvers are connected
to a small motor and there position can set by the remote control. Once can set a fixed
position for the horizontal louvers so that chilled air is passed in a particular direction only or
one can keep it in rotation mode so that the fresh air is supplied throughout the room.

 The vertical louvers are operated manually and one can easily change their position as per
the requirements. The horizontal louvers control flow of air in upper and downward
directions of the room, while vertical louvers control movement of air in left and right
directions.

INSTALLATION OF THE SPLIT AIR CONDITIONERS:

DECIDING THE LOCATION OF INDOOR AND OUTDOOR UNITS

 INDOOR UNIT: Here are the important suggestions when deciding the location of indoor unit
inside the room:

a) The indoor unit is located inside the room at the location from where the air can be
distributed evenly throughout the room.

b) As far as possible the indoor should be installed above the bed so that the maximum cooling
effect can be obtained. It should be located directly above the bed. If one has to avoid the
direct flow of chilled air on the body, one can always change the direction of the louvers. The
indoor unit can also be installed on wall towards your feet though it can be installed on other
side walls also.

c) The wall mounted indoor unit should be located at the height of about 8 to 10 feet from the
floor so that that most of the chilled air is used for cooling the room and not merely for
cooling the hot roof.

d) The indoor unit should be accessible easily so that one can conveniently clean the filter every
fortnight and the whole unit and also that one can manually change the position of the
louvers easily.
e) The indoor unit is meant to add to the aesthetics and not destroy the room.

 OUTDOOR UNIT: Here are some points to consider when deciding the location of the
outdoor unit:

a) The outdoor unit should be located in the open space preferably on the terrace so that the
air can flow freely over the compressor and the condenser. If the terrace is not available it
can be kept on the awning above the wall or it can be hanged on the external wall supported
by the angles.

b) The location of outdoor unit should be such that it is easily accessible for carrying out the
maintenance works of the compressor, condenser, and other devices. The installation and
gas charging also should be convenient.

c) There should not be any hindrances in front of the outdoor that would block the passage of
fan air from passing to the open space. Any blockages will seriously affect the performance
of the AC and can also lead to the burning of hermetically sealed compressor coil.

d) The surface on which the outdoor unit is to be installed should be rigid enough to avoid its
vibration. The vibration of the outdoor unit will raise excessive noise and also lead to the
breaking of the copper tubing and leakage of the refrigerant.

PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONER

 An HVAC designer will suggest this type of air conditioner if you want to cool more than two
rooms or a larger space at your home or office. There are two possible arrangements with
the package unit. In the first one, all the components, namely the compressor, condenser
(which can be air cooled or water cooled), expansion valve and evaporator are housed in a
single box. The cooled air is thrown by the high capacity blower, and it flows through the
ducts laid through various rooms.

 In the second arrangement, the compressor and condenser are housed in one casing. The
compressed gas passes through individual units, comprised of the expansion valve and
cooling coil, located in various rooms. The window and split air conditioners are usually used
for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons.

 The central air conditioning systems are used for where the cooling loads extend beyond 20
tons. The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between these two
extremes.

 The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15
tons. These units are used commonly in places like restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes,
small halls, etc.
 As the name implies, in the packaged air conditioners all the important components of the air
conditioners are enclosed in a single casing like window AC. Thus the compressor, cooling
coil, air handling unit and the air filter are all housed in a single casing and assembled at the
factory location.

 Depending on the type of the cooling system used in these systems, the packaged air
conditioners are divided into two types: ones with water cooled condenser and the ones
with air cooled condensers. Both these systems have been described below:

PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS WITH WATER COOLED CONDENSER

 In these packaged air conditions the condenser is cooled by the water.

 The condenser is of shell and tube type, with refrigerant flowing along the tube side and the
cooling water flowing along the shell side. The water has to be supplied continuously in these
systems to maintain functioning of the air conditioning system.

 The shell and tube type of condenser is compact in shape and it is enclosed in a single casing
along with the compressor, expansion valve, and the air handling unit including the cooling
coil or the evaporator.

 This whole packaged air conditioning unit externally looks like a box with the control panel
located externally.

 In the packaged units with the water cooled condenser, the compressor is located at the
bottom along with the condenser (refer the figure below). Above these components the
evaporator or the cooling coil is located.

 The air handling unit comprising of the centrifugal blower and the air filter is located above
the cooling coil.

 The centrifugal blower has the capacity to handle large volume of air required for cooling a
number of rooms. From the top of the package air conditioners the duct comes out that
extends to the various rooms that are to be cooled.


 PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS WITH AIR COOLED CONDENSERS

 In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the
atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like
the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve.

 The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of
the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and
blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of
several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally.


 The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones
with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous
flow of the water.

 The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and
the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling
unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.

COMPRESSORS AND CAPACITY CONTROL SYSTEM IN

THE PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS

COMPRESSORS AND CONTROL SYSTEM IN THE PACKAGED AIR CONDITIONERS

 The packaged air conditioners are used for the low to medium tonnage of air conditioning
load ranging from 5 to 20 tons also higher. For smaller loads up to 5 tons single compressor is
used.

 For the higher load of more than 5 tons two compressor are used in the package air
conditioning system forming two independent refrigeration systems. Though the two
systems are independent they are housed in the same supporting framework.

 The evaporator systems of these two systems are entwined together. With the two
compressors installed in the system there is facility for the capacity control of the air
conditioning plant thus one can run the plant fully or partially as per the heating load or as
 per the number of rooms to be cooled. At full capacity both the compressors can be kept
running, while at the partial load one of the compressors can be kept off.

 The capacity control can also be done automatically by thermostat. The two compressors
also ensure that the air conditioning plant won't stop completely when one of the
compressor breaks down, for the system can still keep on running though on partial capacity.

 The water cooled condenser used with the two compressor system can be single shell but
partitioned inside it for different passages for the refrigerant from the two compressors.
There can also be two different water cooled condensers for two different systems.

 If the condenser is of air cooled type, there would be two condensers either placed side-by-
side or entwined together just like the evaporator of the system.

THERMOSTAT SETTING FOR TWO COMPRESSOR SYSTEMS

 For controlling the operation of the two compressor packaged air conditioning system, two
different thermostats can be connected to the two cooling systems. This will allow for the
capacity control of both the compressors to ensure optimum running of the plant.

 In many cases the thermostat is connected to the compressor of one cooling system only. In
this case one compressors keeps on running at full capacity and the other compressor
remains shut or runs at partial or full capacity depending on the cooling load. To ensure that
one compressor won't wear and tear at the fast rate, the compressor running at the full
capacity is interchanged from time-to-time.

 The two compressor system is used for the cooling loads between 5 to tons 15 tons, for
higher loads more than two units can be installed as per the requirements. There can be
multiple air handling units in these systems sending the chilled air to different parts of the
building.

 The compressor and the condenser units are housed in the same location of the building thus
there is one common place for the return air. If these units have water cooled condenser, the
hot water coming out from them is cooled in the single cooling tower.

 During the full load all the compressors run at the full capacity, and when the load reduces
one or more compressors are stopped manually or automatically, which makes the other
compressors to run at the full load. When the compressor runs at full capacity it runs more
efficiently.

 Whether the packaged air conditioner consists of single compressor or the multiple
compressors, most of the components are assembled at the factory site, so the installation
of the package AC is quite easy
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING

CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

 Central air conditioning is used for cooling big buildings, houses, offices, entire hotels, gyms,
movie theaters, factories etc. If the whole building is to be air conditioned, HVAC engineers
find that putting individual units in each of the rooms is very expensive making this a better
option.

 A central air conditioning system is comprised of a huge compressor that has the capacity to
produce hundreds of tons of air conditioning. Cooling big halls, malls, huge spaces, galleries
etc is usually only feasible with central conditioning units

 Central Air Conditioning Plants Central air conditioning plants are used for applications like
big hotels, large buildings having multiple floors, hospitals, etc, where very high cooling loads
are required. The article describes various possible arrangements of central air conditioning
plants.

 The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels,
theaters, airports, shopping malls etc are to be air conditioned completely. The window and
split air conditioners are used for single rooms or small office spaces. If the whole building is
to be cooled it is not economically viable to put window or split air conditioner in each and
every room. Further, these small units cannot satisfactorily cool the large halls, auditoriums,
receptions areas etc.

 In the central air conditioning systems there is a plant room where large compressor,
condenser, thermostatic expansion valve and the evaporator are kept in the large plant
room.

 They perform all the functions as usual similar to a typical refrigeration system. However, all
these parts are larger in size and have higher capacities.

 The compressor is of open reciprocating type with multiple cylinders and is cooled by the
water just like the automobile engine. The compressor and the condenser are of shell and
tube type. While in the small air conditioning system capillary is used as the expansion valve,
in the central air conditioning systems thermostatic expansion valve is used.

 The chilled is passed via the ducts to all the rooms, halls and other spaces that are to be air
conditioned. Thus in all the rooms there is only the duct passing the chilled air and there are
no individual cooling coils, and other parts of the refrigeration system in the rooms. What is
we get in each room is the completely silent and highly effective air conditions system in the
room.
 Further, the amount of chilled air that is needed in the room can be controlled by the
openings depending on the total heat load inside the room.

There are two types of central air conditioning plants or systems:

1. DIRECT EXPANSION OR DX CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT:

 In this system the huge compressor, and the condenser are housed in the plant room, while
the expansion valve and the evaporator or the cooling coil and the air handling unit are
housed in separate room.

 The cooling coil is fixed in the air handling unit, which also has large blower housed in it.

 The blower sucks the hot return air from the room via ducts and blows it over the cooling
coil. The cooled air is then supplied through various ducts and into the spaces which are to be
cooled.

 This type of system is useful for small buildings.

DX CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT

A)THE PLANT ROOM:

 The plant room comprises of the important parts of the refrigeration system, the compressor
and the condenser.

 The compressor can be either semi-hermetically sealed or open type. The semi-hermetically
sealed compressors are cooled by the air, which is blown by the fan, while open type
compressor is water cooled. The open compressor can be driven directly by motor shaft by
coupling or by the belt via pulley arrangement.

 The condenser is of shell and tube type and is cooled by the water. The refrigerant flows
along the tube side of the condenser and water along the shell side, which enables faster
 cooling of the refrigerant. The water used for cooling the compressor and the condenser is
cooled in the cooling tower kept at the top of the plant room, though it can be kept at other
convenient location also.

DX CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT

A)THE PLANT ROOM:

 The plant room comprises of the important parts of the refrigeration system, the compressor
and the condenser.

 The compressor can be either semi-hermetically sealed or open type. The semi-hermetically
sealed compressors are cooled by the air, which is blown by the fan, while open type
compressor is water cooled. The open compressor can be driven directly by motor shaft by
coupling or by the belt via pulley arrangement.

 The condenser is of shell and tube type and is cooled by the water. The refrigerant flows
along the tube side of the condenser and water along the shell side, which enables faster
cooling of the refrigerant. The water used for cooling the compressor and the condenser is
cooled in the cooling tower kept at the top of the plant room, though it can be kept at other
convenient location also.

B) THE AIR HANDLING UNIT ROOM:

 The refrigerant leaving the condenser in the plant room enters the thermostatic expansion
valve and then the air handling unit, which is kept in the separate room.

 The air handling unit is a large box type of unit that comprises of the evaporator or the
cooling coil, air filter and the large blower. After leaving the thermostatic expansion valve the
refrigerant enters the cooling coil where it cools the air that enters the room to be air
conditioned.

 The evaporator in the air handling unit of the DX central air conditioning system is of coil type
covered with the fins to increasing the heat transfer efficiency from the refrigerant to the air.
There are two types of ducts connected to the air handling unit: for absorbing the hot return
air from the rooms and for sending the chilled air to the rooms to be air conditioned.

 The blower of the air handling unit enables absorbing the hot return air that has absorbed
the heat from the room via the ducts. This air is then passed through the filters and then over
the cooling coil. The blower then passes the chilled air through ducts to the rooms that are to
be air conditioned.

C) AIR CONDITIONED ROOM

 This is the space that is to be actually cooled. It can be residential room, room of the hotel,
part of the office or any other suitable application.
 The ducts from the air handling room are passed to all the rooms that are to be cooled. The
ducts are connected to the grills or diffusers that supply the chilled air to the room. The air
absorbs the heat and gets heated and it passes through another set of the grill and into the
return air duct that ends into the air handling unit room. This air is then re-circulated by the
air handling unit.

 Though the efficiency of the DX plants is higher, the air handling units and the refrigerant
piping cannot be kept at very long distance since there will be lots of drop in pressure of the
refrigerant along the way and there will also be cooling losses.

 Further, for the long piping, large amounts of refrigerant will be needed which makes the
system very expensive and also prone to the ma instance problems like the leakage of the
refrigerant. Due to these reasons the DX type central air conditioning systems are used for
small air conditioning systems of about 5 to 15 tons in small buildings or the number of rooms
on a single floor.

 If there are large air conditioning loads, then multiple direct expansion systems can be
installed. In such cases, when there is lesser heat load one of the plants can be shut down
and the other can run at full load.

 The DX expansion system runs more efficiently at higher loads. Even in case of the
breakdown of the plants, the other plants can be used for the cooling purpose.

 The DX types of central air conditioning plants are less popular than the chilled water type of
central conditioning plants.

2.CHILLED WATER CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT:

 This type of system is more useful for large buildings comprising of a number of floors. It has
the plant room where all the important units like the compressor, condenser, throttling valve
and the evaporator are housed. The evaporator is a shell and tube. On the tube side the
Freon fluid passes at extremely low temperature, while on the shell side the brine solution is
passed. After passing through the evaporator, the brine solution gets chilled and is pumped
to the various air handling units installed at different floors of the building.

 The air handling units comprise the cooling coil through which the chilled brine flows, and
the blower. The blower sucks hot return air from the room via ducts and blows it over the
cooling coil. The cool air is then supplied to the space to be cooled through the ducts. The
brine solution which has absorbed the room heat comes back to the evaporator, gets chilled
and is again pumped back to the air handling unit. The chilled water types of central air
conditioning plants are installed in the place where whole large buildings, shopping mall,
airport, hotel, etc, comprising of several floors are to be air conditioned.
CHILLED WATER CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT:

 While in the direct expansion type of central air conditioning plants, refrigerant is directly
used to cool the room air; in the chilled water plants the refrigerant first chills the water,
which in turn chills the room air.

 In chilled water plants, the ordinary water or brine solution is chilled to very low
temperatures of about 6 to 8 degree Celsius by the refrigeration plant.

 This chilled water is pumped to various floors of the building and its different parts. In each
of these parts the air handling units are installed, which comprise of the cooling coil, blower
and the ducts.

 The chilled water flows through the cooling coil. The blower absorbs return air from the air
conditioned rooms that are to be cooled via the ducts. This air passes over the cooling coil
and gets cooled and is then passed to the air conditioned space.
a) CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT ROOM:

 The plant room comprises of all the important components of the chilled water air
conditioning plant. These include the compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve
and the evaporator or the chiller.

 The compressor is of open type and can be driven by the motor directly or by the belt via
pulley arrangement connected to the motor. It is cooled by the water just like the
automotive engine.

 The condenser and the evaporator are of shell and tube type. The condenser is cooled by the
water, with water flowing along the shell side and refrigerant along the tube side.

 The thermostatic expansion valve is operated automatically by the solenoid valve.

 The evaporator is also called as the chiller, because it chills the water. If the water flows
along the shell side and refrigerant on the tube side, it is called as the dry expansion type of
chiller. If the water flows along tube side and the refrigerant along the shell side, it is called
as the flooded chiller.
a) CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT ROOM:

 The plant room comprises of all the important components of the chilled water air
conditioning plant. These include the compressor, condenser, thermostatic expansion valve
and the evaporator or the chiller.

 The compressor is of open type and can be driven by the motor directly or by the belt via
pulley arrangement connected to the motor. It is cooled by the water just like the
automotive engine.

 The condenser and the evaporator are of shell and tube type. The condenser is cooled by the
water, with water flowing along the shell side and refrigerant along the tube side.

 The thermostatic expansion valve is operated automatically by the solenoid valve.

 The evaporator is also called as the chiller, because it chills the water. If the water flows
along the shell side and refrigerant on the tube side, it is called as the dry expansion type of
chiller. If the water flows along tube side and the refrigerant along the shell side, it is called
as the flooded chiller.

 The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned. It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and
returns back to the plant room to get chilled again.

 The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch. In the central
air conditioning plant room all the components, the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve, and the chiller are assembled in the structural steel framework making a
complete compact refrigeration plant, known as the CHILLER PACKAGE.

 Piping required to connect these parts is also enclosed in this unit making a highly compact
central air conditioning plant. The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the
building that are to be air conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms. The air
handling units comprise of the COOLING COIL, AIR FILTER, THE BLOWER AND THE SUPPLY
AND RETURN AIR DUCTS. The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the
cooling coil thus cooling the air. This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the
ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

 The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned. It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and
returns back to the plant room to get chilled again.
 The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch. In the central
air conditioning plant room all the components, the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve, and the chiller are assembled in the structural steel framework making a
complete compact refrigeration plant, known as the CHILLER PACKAGE.

 Piping required to connect these parts is also enclosed in this unit making a highly compact
central air conditioning plant. The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the
building that are to be air conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms. The air
handling units comprise of the COOLING COIL, AIR FILTER, THE BLOWER AND THE SUPPLY
AND RETURN AIR DUCTS. The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the
cooling coil thus cooling the air. This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the
ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

 The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned. It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and
returns back to the plant room to get chilled again.

 The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch. In the central
air conditioning plant room all the components, the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve, and the chiller are assembled in the structural steel framework making a
complete compact refrigeration plant, known as the CHILLER PACKAGE.

 Piping required to connect these parts is also enclosed in this unit making a highly compact
central air conditioning plant. The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the
building that are to be air conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms. The air
handling units comprise of the COOLING COIL, AIR FILTER, THE BLOWER AND THE SUPPLY
AND RETURN AIR DUCTS. The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the
cooling coil thus cooling the air. This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the
ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

 The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned. It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and
returns back to the plant room to get chilled again.

 The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch. In the central
air conditioning plant room all the components, the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve, and the chiller are assembled in the structural steel framework making a
complete compact refrigeration plant, known as the CHILLER PACKAGE.
 Piping required to connect these parts is also enclosed in this unit making a highly compact
central air conditioning plant. The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the
building that are to be air conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms. The air
handling units comprise of the COOLING COIL, AIR FILTER, THE BLOWER AND THE SUPPLY
AND RETURN AIR DUCTS. The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the
cooling coil thus cooling the air. This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the
ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

 The water chilled in the chiller is pumped to various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned. It enters the air handling unit, cools the air in cooling coil, absorbs the heat and
returns back to the plant room to get chilled again.

 The amount of water passing into the chiller is controlled by the flow switch. In the central
air conditioning plant room all the components, the compressor, condenser, thermostatic
expansion valve, and the chiller are assembled in the structural steel framework making a
complete compact refrigeration plant, known as the CHILLER PACKAGE.

 Piping required to connect these parts is also enclosed in this unit making a highly compact
central air conditioning plant. The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the
building that are to be air conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms. The air
handling units comprise of the COOLING COIL, AIR FILTER, THE BLOWER AND THE SUPPLY
AND RETURN AIR DUCTS. The chilled water flows through the cooling coil.

 The blower absorbs the return hot air from the air conditioned space and blows it over the
cooling coil thus cooling the air. This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the
supply air ducts into the space which is to be air conditioned. The air handling unit and the
ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the cooling effect.

CHILLED CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONERS

B) AIR HANDLING UNIT ROOMS:

 The air handling units are installed in the various parts of the building that are to be air
conditioned, in the place called air handling unit rooms.

 The air handling units comprise of the cooling coil, air filter, the blower and the supply and
return air ducts.

 The chilled water flows through the cooling coil. The blower absorbs the return hot air from
the air conditioned space and blows it over the cooling coil thus cooling the air.
 This cooled air passes over the air filter and is passed by the supply air ducts into the space
which is to be air conditioned.

 The air handling unit and the ducts passing through it are insulated to reduce the loss of the
cooling effect.

C) AIR CONDITIONED ROOMS:

 These are the rooms or spaces that are to be air conditioned. These can be residential or
hotel rooms, halls, shops, offices, complete theater, various parts of the airport etc.

 At the top of these rooms the supply and the return air ducts are laid. The supply air ducts
supply the cool air to the room via one set of the diffusers, while the return air ducts absorbs
the hot return air from the room by another set of the diffusers.

 The hot return air enters the air handling unit, gets cooled and again enters the room via
supply duct to produce air conditioning effect.

d) Cooling Tower:

 The cooling tower is used to cool the water that absorbs heat from the compressor and the
condenser.

 When water flows through these components some water gets evaporated, to make up this
loss some water is also added in the cooling tower.

 The cooling tower is of evaporative type. Here the water is cooled by the atmospheric air and
is re-circulated through the compressor and the condenser.