(Dr. Naik) Moment Distribution PDF

Structural Analysis II
Dr. Engr. Naik Muhammad Babar

Department of Civil Engineering
BUITEMS, Quetta
1
Reference Books: 2
Dr. Engr. Naik Muhammad Babar (Ph.D. Structural Engineering, PE in Structures, Consulting Engr))
Reference Books:
I. Structural Analysis, eight edition by RC Hibbeler
II. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Using Classical and Matrix
Methods, Fourth Edition by Jack C. McCormac
III. Structural Analysis, Fourth Edition, by Aslam Kassimali
IV. Matrix Structural Analysis, Second Edition by William
McGuire
V. Matrix Methods of Structural Analysis by Praveen
Nagarajan
VI. A First Course in the Finite Element Method, Fifth
Edition, by Daryl L. Logan
Displacement Method
of Analysis: Moment
Distribution
Moment Distribution Method 4
• The moment-distribution method is a displacement method of analysis.
• It was developed by Hardy Cross, in 1930. it has been recognized as one of the
most notable advances in structural analysis during the twentieth century.
• Moment distribution is a method of successive approximations that may be

carried out to any desired degree of accuracy.
• Essentially, the method begins by assuming each joint of a structure is fixed.

Then, by unlocking and locking each joint in succession, the internal moments at
the joints are “distributed” and balanced until the joints have rotated to their final
or nearly final positions.
• It will be found that this process of calculation is both repetitive and easy to
apply/
Sign Convention: We will establish the same sign convention as that established
for the slope-deflection equations: Clockwise moments that act on the member are
considered positive, whereas counterclockwise moments are negative.
Fixed-End Moments (FEMs): The moments at the fixed joints of a loaded

member are called fixed-end moments. Will be calculated in same way as done for
slope deflection method.
Member Stiffness Factor (K):
K is referred to as the stiffness factor at A and can be defined as the amount
of moment M required to rotate the end A of the beam θ A = 1 rad.
4 EI 4 EI
M AB = θA K AB =
L L
Joint Stiffness Factor:
• If several members are fixed connected to a joint and each of their far ends is
fixed, then by the principle of superposition, the total stiffness factor at the joint
is the sum of the member stiffness factors at the joint.
KT = ∑ K
Distribution Factor (DF):
• If a moment M is applied to a fixed connected joint, the connecting members
will each supply a portion of the resisting moment necessary to satisfy moment
equilibrium at the joint. That fraction of the total resisting moment supplied by
the member is called the distribution factor (DF).
M i = K iθ
M = M 1 + M n = K1θ1 + K nθ n
Then the distribution factor for the ith member is

Mi K iθ
=
DF =
M θ ∑ Ki
i
K
⇒ DF =
∑K
Member Relative-Stiffness Factor:
Quite often a continuous beam or a frame will be made from the same material so
its modulus of elasticity E will be the same for all the members. In this case
4 EI i
K Li
=
DF =
∑ K 4E ∑ Ii
Li
Ii I
⇒ Ki = ⇒ KR =
Li L
Use this for computation of DF (when far end is fixed)

Carry-Over Factor:
• The carry-over factor represents the fraction of M that is “carried over” from the
pin to the wall or fixed support.
• Consider again the beam in Fig. 12–3.

We know that
4 EI 2EI 1
M AB = θA M BA = θA ⇒ M BA = M AB
L L 2
1
• Hence, in the case of a beam with the far end fixed, the carry-over factor is +
The plus sign indicates both moments act in the same direction. 2
Moment Distribution for Beams:
Example 1:
Solution:
1. Member stiffness:
2. Distribution Factors:
3. Fixed End Moments (FEMs):
Moment Distribution Method
11
• Example 2: Consider now the same beam, except the support at C is a roller,
Fig. 12–6a. In this case only one member is at joint C, so the distribution factor
for member CB at joint C is
• Second way
13
14
15
Example 3: Determine the internal moments at each support of the beam shown in
Fig. 12–7a. EI is constant.
Solution:
• 3. Fixed End Moments (FEMs):
17
18
Example 4: Determine the internal moment at each support of the beam shown in
Fig. 12–8a.The moment of inertia of each span is indicated.
Solution:
In this problem a moment does not get
distributed in the overhanging span AB
and so the distribution factor ( DF ) = 0
BA
20
21
1. Member Pin Supported at Far End:
Stiffness-Factor Modifications:
22
Loading:
Beam and
2. Symmetric
23
3. Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric Loading:

24
25
Example 5: Determine the internal moments at the supports for the beam shown
in Fig. 12–13a. EI is constant.
Solution:
• By inspection, the beam and loading are symmetrical. Thus, we will apply K = 2EI / L
to compute the stiffness factor of the center span BC and therefore use only the left
half of the beam for the analysis. The analysis can be shortened even further by using
K = 3EI / L for computing the stiffness factor of segment AB since the far end A is
pinned.

27
28
Example 6: Determine the internal moments at the supports of the beam shown
in Fig. 12–14a.The moment of inertia of the two spans is shown in the figure.
Solution:

30
31
Moment Distribution for Frames: No Sidesway
32
Example 1: Determine the internal moments at the joints of the frame shown in
Fig. 12–15a. There is a pin at E and D and a fixed support at A. EI is constant.
Solution:
• 2. Distribution Factors:

34
35
Moment diagram
36
Moment Distribution for Frames: Sidesway
principle of superposition
Moment distribution is applied and then by

statics the restraining force R is determined
The equal, but opposite, restraining force is

then applied to the frame, and the moments
in the frame are calculated.
• One method for doing this last step requires first assuming a numerical value for
one of the internal moments, say M BA′ Using moment distribution and statics,
the deflection ∆′ and external force R′ corresponding to the assumed value
of M BA′ can then be determined.
′ and
• If M BA R′ are known, then moment at B developed by R will be
′  
R
M BA = M BA
 R′ 
Example 1: Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 12–
18a. EI is constant.
40
assume
41
42
• Example 2: Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown in Fig. 12–
19a. The moment of inertia of each member is indicated in the figure
44
45
46
47
48
Method Ends
Moment Distribution
49

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Structural Analysis II

Dr. Engr. Naik Muhammad Babar

• Moment distribution is a method of successive approximations that may be

• Essentially, the method begins by assuming each joint of a structure is fixed.

Fixed-End Moments (FEMs): The moments at the fixed joints of a loaded

Then the distribution factor for the ith member is

Use this for computation of DF (when far end is fixed)

• Consider again the beam in Fig. 12–3.

3. Symmetric Beam with Antisymmetric Loading:

3. Fixed End Moments (FEMs):

3. Fixed End Moments (FEMs):

3. Fixed End Moments (FEMs):

Moment distribution is applied and then by

The equal, but opposite, restraining force is

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