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Improper Utilization of Lavatories in Luna Goco Colleges,

Incorporated: Its Extent Effects on Health of Students and

Teachers

Research Proponents:

Castillo, Haydene R.

De Villa, Joan T.

Gozum, Christine Mae P.

Logatoc, Tricia Gem C.

Reyes, Jenna Arbee D.

Rodelas, Zhimvherly T.

Research Adviser:

Sir Mario Malabanan Jr.

November 2019
Chapter I

The Problem/Introduction to the Problem

I.The Problem and its Setting

It is the Ponny, the Loo and the Bog where the Filipinos

called it “Comfort Room”. This is also one of the necessities

of all people living. Everyone tells that comfort room is the

most comfortable room. Comfort room is a room or small

building containing one or more toilets for urinals and other

purposes which is used by the general public, by the

customers, students or employees. This is separated into male

and female facilities. Unfortunately, there are many problems

in the sanitation of comfort rooms Globally, Nationally and

also Locally. In American School University, their problem is

poorly maintained faculty washroom which threaten the health

of students and staffs, even those who do not use the

facilities. Because of not acceptable cleaning, their

washrooms come to be breeding grounds for germs that can

spread disease throughout the school population. In addition,

schools usually do not have grownup interior washrooms

monitoring students’ behavior. It additionally creates the

probability of bullies to prey on students trying to use the

facilities like vandalisms. (Kennedy, 2012)


The sanitation systems in all comfort rooms are

neglected. It is poor and absent which has been identified as

a cause of ill health to students and staffs for many years.

Next thing, many students experienced bullying in comfort

rooms who concern that they will be a victim, start avoiding

comfort rooms as an alternative than put themselves in a harm

way. They experience anxiety if they have to use washroom

facilities when others are nearby.

In Singapore, public toilet behavior is definitely poor.

Hawker center toilets are often dirty. The toilet paper

dispensers are positioned outside the toilet rather than the

usual place next to the toilet bowl. This behavior mostly

causes anxiety to the users as it makes you wonder if you

have taken adequate toilet paper or perhaps a little too much.

The problem with Singaporeans are their behavior and

discipline when it comes to the proper usage of comfort rooms.

Comfort rooms are contaminated by improper use of them. It is

true that the beauty of a place depends on the person. It

shows the users the right discipline and how they value their

own facilities.

According to a study conducted by Unilever Philippines,

90 percent of households do not practice proper toilet hygiene

and sanitation. Furthermore, 26 million Filipinos do not have


access to sanitary toilets and 7.4 million openly defecate,

sometimes near a water source which helps diseases spread

even more quickly. Gnilo added that in some communities, a

dozen family sometimes share a single toilet.

Every day, a hapless Filipino encounters stinking

toilets with dirty tiles, overflowing trash bins and soiled

seats. Having a convenient comfort rooms makes maintaining

cleanliness very challenging.

As for Metro Manila, 100 public school recorded that

most of the students do not know how the proper way of using

comfort rooms. Because of that, it resulted to broken toilet

bowls and urinals, leaky faucets, and filthy floor in many

school comfort rooms every school year.

The students who do not know how the proper way of using

comfort rooms usually depends on how they are educated not

just in school but also at home. If they are more educated by

their parents then the students can apply it also at school.

The OMNHS or known as Oriental Mindoro National High

School is the largest public school in Oriental Mindoro with

5,264 students and counting. One of the most major problem of

the school is the unhygienic comfort room and one of the

reason of it is the students’ lack of discipline.


Moreover, School’s Hygienic Standard is the reflection

of clean toilets. Many students can smell first before seeing

how is the sanitation of comfort rooms. Wet floors, dim

lightning, broken cubicle doors, minimal ventilation and

malfunctioning toilets are effects of keeping a restrooms

with poor maintenance.

In the other hand, Bucayao National High School also has

the common cause of dirty toilets. First, the vandalisms of

the students. Next, students do not pour toilets after they

use. They just dump all sanitary napkins in the wrong trash

cans. All students have a convenient comfort rooms but their

health is at risk because they get a lot of dirty things and

inhale unhealthful odor.

Similar to the problem mentioned in Global, students do

not have much discipline to use all their comfort rooms

properly. The condition of the comfort room is still up to

the users. Students cannot avoid the contamination in the

comfort room but they also need to know that proper use of

the comfort rooms is for their own good. Another problem in

the students is their lack of respect for future restroom

users. They do not consider the feelings of the next restroom

users which is not acceptable.


Synthesis

Unhygienic comfort rooms are usually the result of

improper usage of the users and the unavailability of the

needed clean water and other cleaning equipment. Comfort

rooms has to provide the urgent and daily need of the body to

eliminate or to reduce the unwanted materials in the systems

of the body, especially the digestive system, already

finished its process, for this is the reason why comfort rooms

are made for.

Unfortunately, comfort room does not give comfort

anymore and this problem is common in every building and/or

facilities in the mentioned country and nation. Disease is

the number one primary effect of unhygienic comfort rooms.

Such diseases are acquired through the use of unhygienic

comfort room and through controlled urine. Comfort rooms

reflects the values of the society and determines how a

society functions.

II. Statement of the Problem

The research study aims to evaluate the behavior of the

students in Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated when it comes to


unhygienic comfort rooms. It especially seeks to answer the

following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents as

to:

 Age

 Sex

 Educational Attainment

2. What are the different inappropriate behaviors of

students in using comfort room?

3. What are the possible impacts of having unhygienic

comfort room to students’ health?

4. How the students’ behavior affects the problem in having

unhealthful lavatory?

5. Based on all the findings of the study, what proposed

intervention could be applied by the researchers to

address the needs of the students in convenient comfort

room?

III. Hypothesies

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the

improper utilization of lavatories and physical health of the

students in Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated.


Alternative Hypothesis

There is a significant relationship between the improper

utilization of lavatories in physical health of the students

in Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated.

IV. Significance of the Study

This research paper provided significance to the

following beneficiaries who were affected by the issue being

addressed.

Students- this research paper helped the students to

have a convenient comfort room and definitely prevent

themselves from having Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and

other related diseases.

Parents- this paper provided parents’ peace of mind

regarding the health of their children. They also benefit

during meetings and other programs conducted in school

whenever they use comfort room.

Teachers- this paper helped the teachers to conduct

their classes without getting distracted by the unpleasant

smell of the comfort room.

School Administration- this research study threw the

worries of school administration to comfort rooms and


students’ health. It provided clean comfort room to the

school.

V. Scope and Delimitation

The research entitled “Improper Utilization of

Lavatories in Luna Goco Colleges, Incorporated: Its Extent

Effects on Health of Students and Teachers“ study centers on

analyzing the inappropriate behavior of the students that

cause unhealthful comfort room. The purpose of this study is

to achieve a higher standard of hygiene on comfort rooms and

to educate students in proper usage of it. The research design

is Qualitative. The independent variable is the improper

utilization of lavatories and the dependent variable are the

effects of improper utilization on health of the user.

The researchers focuses on the effects of having

unhealthful comfort room to students and teachers of Luna

Goco Colleges Incorporated. The respondents will be limited

to High School students of the said campus. This study covers

the period of November to February 2020.


VI. Conceptual Framework

The research paradigm is as follows:

INPUT

 Profile of the respondents as to:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

1.3 Educational Attainment

 Dependent Variable:

2.1 Damaging of property

2.2 Hygiene Practices

2.3 Tools and Facilities

2.4 Proper Waste Management

2.5 Rules and Regulations

2.6 Health Condition

 Letter of permission to conduct the study.

 Distribution of survey questionnaires.

PROCESS

 Composing letter of permit to conduct the study

inside the campus.

 Distribution of survey questionnaires to the

prospective respondents of the study.

 Collect and present data.

 Observe the changes after surveying.


OUTPUT

Plan A

 Create some signages in comfort rooms for

cleanliness maintenance

Plan B

 Handbook about the proper usage of comfort room.

This research is composed of input, output and process.

The input is composed of Independent Variable which is

the profile of the respondents in this study in terms of age,

sex and educational attainment. On the other hand, the

dependent variable is composed of effects on health to

students in terms of Damaging of Property, Hygiene Practices,

Tools and Facilities, Proper Waste Management, Rules and

Regulation and Health Condition. It is also composed of letter

of permit to conduct a study in Luna Goco Colleges

Incorporated and last is a survey questionnaires to collect

data.

In process, first the researchers will be composing

letter of permit to conduct a study inside the campus. Next

will be the distribution of survey questionnaires to

determine the different behavior of High School students.

After that, the researchers will collect or tally the data

came from the answered questionnaire. Lastly, after


collecting the data, the researchers will observe if High

School students’ behavior is the major cause of having

unhealthful lavatory.

The researcher’s output has Plan A and Plan B. In Plan

A, if there is no significant relationship between High School

students’ behavior and having unhygienic comfort room, the

researchers aims to create some signages in comfort rooms to

prevent poor maintenance of cleanliness in restrooms. In Plan

B, if the study resulted that the High School students’

behavior really affect the poor sanitation of comfort rooms,

the researchers will make a Handbook about how to use a

comfort room to keep the cleanliness of it. The handbook is

composed of different proper ways of using comfort room. This

will be given to the respondents which is the selected High

School students of Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated and

distribute it before the observation.

VII. Theoretical Framework

The following theories strengthen the basis of the research

study:

The first theory that support the study is the Germ

Theory proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro talks about how

detrimental to health even the smallest form of a germ is.

Germs are present in everything we touch. Therefore, in order


for us to lessen or minimize the germ spread, proper hygiene

must be practiced primarily to comfort rooms.

This theory helped the researchers in providing

evidence regarding the spread of diseases through the use of

unhygienic comfort rooms. It strengthened this study by

providing information about germs.

The next one is the theory presented by Florence

Nightingale which is the Environmental Theory. She stated

here the importance of environmental settings and that should

be appropriate for the gradual restoration of a person’s

health, including the external factors which are also

associated with the patient’s surroundings that affect life

or biologic and physiologic processes and his development.

This theory helped the researchers in providing

evidence regarding refreshing surrounding which is

appropriate for the student’s health. It strengthened this

study by providing that environmental setting is important

for the student’s health development.

Another theory, the Reinforcement Theory proposed by B.F

Skinner says that using reinforcement, punishment and

extinction can change someone’s behavior. So, to be able to

practice the discipline, this theory should be applied. If


this happen, it will result to students following the

guidelines implemented in every comfort rooms.

This theory helped the researchers in providing evidence

regarding the discipline of the students through

reinforcement. It strengthened this study by providing that

behavior of the students affects their usage of comfort room.

Furthermore, discipline must be observed.

On the other hand, the Broken Windows Theory presented

by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling, states that if a

broken window is not repaired the other windows will

eventually be broken as well. This happens because a broken

window sends out a message that no-one cares – that there is

no consequence in committing the vandalism. This gives the

permission for others to vandalise, thinking there will get

away with it.

This theory helped the researchers in providing

evidence regarding the condition of the facilities for the

proper usage of the students. It strengthened this study by

providing that broken facilities affects the student’s

behavior which makes them do wrong things.

The last theory, the Hygiene and Sanitation Theory

presented by Carolyne Wasike says that proper hygiene and

sanitation is important for the cleanliness and absence of


germs and provision of facilities to achieve such absence.

Proper sanitation and hygiene must be practice primarily to

comfort rooms to minimize the germ spread.

This theory helped the researchers in providing

evidence regarding the proper hygiene and sanitation for the

students primarily in using comfort rooms. It strengthened

the study by providing information about the importance of

proper hygiene and sanitation for the students.

VIII. Definition of Terms

 Impact- how the students were affected.

 Usage- the act or way of students using unhygienic

comfort rooms.

 Health condition- state of health of students and

teachers whether good or bad.

 Project- proposed by the researchers to resolve the

problem.

 Unhygienic- unclean, unsanitary and unlikely to maintain

good health.

 Unhealthful- harmful to the health of the students using

unhygienic comfort rooms involving unnecessary risks.


 Lavatory- a room or building with washing and toilet

facilities and the focus/issue of the study.

 Behavior- the way of a students responds when they use

unhygienic comfort room.

 Improper- not appropriate manner of a students.

 Utilization- the act of students of making practical and

effective use of something.

 Extent- the area covered or affected by the issue being

presented.

 Effects- a change which is a result or consequences of

an action of the students.

 Sanitation- the process or act of a students of making

sanitary.

 Convenient- suited to personal comfort or suitable for

the student’s purposes and needs.


Chapter II

Review of the Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the relevant literature and

studies that served as bases and foundation of this research

study regarding the improper utilization of lavatories.

Related Literature

Foreign

Cholera is a serious disease that when left untreated,

it can kill immediately. This disease never stops spreading

in many countries. Every year there are roughly 1.4 million

to 4.3 million cases and 28,000 to 142,000 deaths per year

worldwide (Ali et al., 2012).

This related literature helped the researchers to prove

that diseases were acquired in unhygienic comfort room could

be detrimental to students’ health.

Bacteria can be acquired everywhere especially in

restrooms which can become a major health concern for those

bacteria that can enter the body through the mouth or hand

contact. People avoid using public toilet because they are

afraid of they might get germs and bacteria from it. The first
line of defense against microbes is the hand washing therefore

the spread of disease would be stopped if there is atleast

water in the restroom (Sabra, 2013).

It become helpful for the researchers by providing an

insight about what bacteria does and why do students avoid

using toilets in the school.

According to Bescleaning (2017), from Elementary schools

to College campuses, an unclean or untidy environment can be

detrimental to students’ learning experience. A lack of

cleanliness in educational facilities affects students in the

following areas: Health, Attendance, Concentration,

Performance.

It become helpful for the researchers to know that having

unclean environment can affect student’s learning experience.

Moreover, they experienced a variety of illnesses due to dirty

facilities and they lose concentration so that they are mostly

absent from school.

Local

Poor sanitation often leads to contamination of water

sources, contributing to incidences of deadly water-borne

diseases such as diarrhea, cholera and typhoid fever and other


illnesses like intestinal worm infection and malnutrition.

(Jocelyn Uy, 2016).

It become helpful for the researchers by providing an

insight about what direct or indirect impact on health that

sanitation problem can lead to students.

Cleanliness of a comfort rooms has a major effect on how

an institution is seen by people. Based on the article,

students are aware that having a bad comfort room gives off

diseases that may affect them. Next is students loses their

appetites whenever the comfort rooms are in a bad shape. Poor

hygiene risks the health of both children and adults. ( Sarah

Burton, 2015).

This related literature helped the researchers by

proving that poor hygiene practices can cause harm and danger

to students. Having a dirty comfort room can upset a student

and could do nothing but to endure it.

Poor menstrual hygiene management can lead to a wide

range of negative consequences including health,

psychosocial, and educational consequences. Health

consequences include Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), menstrual

pain and anemia. Psychosocial consequences include fear,

shame, teasing, bullying, self-exclusion and endless

interaction. Educational consequences include school


absenteeism, less concentration during class and drop out.

(Katsuno,C. et al. 2019).

This related literature helped the researchers to

identify the various negative consequences that poor hygiene

management can have. In the abovementioned literature, there

is such things that can happen to a student including fear,

shame and bullying.

Synthesis

Therefore, the researchers concluded that proper hygiene

plays a vital role in one’s health especially to students who

spend a lot of time in school. Lacking hygienic comfort rooms

inside the school would mean danger to student’s health. In

addition, students are prone to several diseases while in

school.

Related Study

Foreign

Students spend a lot of time in school therefore they

are more vulnerable to health-related diseases while in

school. The cleanliness of the school facility greatly


effects their health so if it is dirty it will be detrimental

to their health. Without the hand washing facilities and the

hygienic equipment, diseases will spread quickly (Mooijman et

al.,).

This study helped the researchers understand that

cleanliness in every comfort rooms in Luna Goco Colleges

Incorporated is very important in order to lessen the spread

of diseases.

Janitorial service is a great help for public toilets to

improve its condition. It is the janitor’s duty to maintain

the restrooms clean and hygienic. In additional, they also

need to repair if they can, or report the fault to the

supervisor (Lina Taing, 2013).

It helped the researchers to further understand that

janitors are also part of the cleanliness of the school

wherein the students’ health also depends.

A research study about the sanitation of comfort rooms

in Elementary and Senior High School conducted in Uttarakhand

State in India found out that poor water causes serious

effects on the person’s sanitation and health. Due to unclean

water, improper human waste disposal, and improper hygiene,

about 30 million suffer from water – related disease in India

(Blackwell, 2010). The most affected regarding this matter is


the children, particularly girls and woman who have lead India

to suffer from sanitation-related disease. (NA, 2010).

This research study helped the researchers to provide

evidence about the effects of poor sanitation to student’s

health. Moreover, many are affected by the presence of unclean

water and improper waste disposal, especially children.

Local

A study by Ellis et al. examined the WASH conditions

that affect Filipino female students to hygienically manage

their menstruation. In the study, qualitative data were from

13 schools in Metro Manila, Masbate, and South Central

Mindanao. The study showed that the key barriers to effective

menstrual management in Masbate and Metro Manila were

unreliable access to water, lack of disposable mechanism for

menstrual materials, unclean facilities, and unsufficient

number of toilets.(2016)

This study helped the researchers to pinpoint the

importance of water and proper sanitation of comfort rooms.

It is also important to know that having a properly equipped

comfort room helps people to keep their health safe.


According to the study entitled “Perception and

attitudes toward eco-toilet systems in rural areas: A Case

Study in the Philippines by Ignacio et al.(2018) focuses on

the behavioral intention as the measurement of social

perception towards the use of ETS in a rural community in the

Philippines. Based on the 2014 statistics from the rapid

community-based monitoring system (RCBMS) of Mulanay, about

46 percent of the total municipality population has no access

to sanitary toilet facilities and 83 percent are at risk of

unsafe water supply.

It helped the researchers to understand that lacking of

facilities is the reason for having unhygienic comfort rooms.

Having unhygienic comfort rooms can cause harm and probably

the students will be at risk.

Four studies found out that an increase in knowledge did

not correlate with better hygiene practices. An intervention

that would probably help to have better hygiene practices is

a behavior change intervention. Therefore, behavior is

essential in terms of hygiene practices (NA,n.d).

It helped the researchers to understand that behavior is

also the reason for having unhygienic comfort rooms. It also

helped the researchers to identify an intervention that could

be used for the improvement of the comfort rooms.


Synthesis

The aforementioned studies stated how significant a

hygienic comfort is. Cleanliness was the primary concern in

the abovementioned related literature and for it affects

health greatly. Furthermore, diseases were rampant through

the use of unhygienic comfort room.


Chapter III

Research Methodology

This chapter discusses the methods which the researchers

utilized and adopted in this research study.

Setting of the Study

The study was conducted in Luna Goco Colleges

Incorporated at Lalud Calapan City with respondents that are

students.

Research Method and Instrument

A qualitative study by using a locally developed

questionnaire as the basic methodology.

Questionnaire is used in order to provide information on

the Improper Utilization of Lavatories in Luna Goco Colleges

Incorporated given to the selected thirty (30) high school

students of the said campus.

Scalling and Qualification

To qualify all gathered from the respondents the

researcher will use five (5) points scales for each part,

enumerated as follows.
Table 1

Numerical Scale, Statistical Limit, and Verbal Description

Numerical Scale Statistical Scale Description

5 4.05-5.00 Always

4 3.05-4.04 Often

3 2.05-3.04 Rare

2 1.05-2.04 Sometimes

1 0-1.04 Not At All

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers were guided by the following procedures

to gather the pertinent and accurate data from the respondents

which include the following.

The researchers submitted a letter of approval to the

adviser of Research. For approval, researchers gave the

letter to the Principal of Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated.

This gave the researchers assistance needed while conducting

the survey and data collection.

After approval, the researchers select respondents. Then

gathered information or data by providing questionnaires to

the respondents for them to answer. The researchers


approached the students using proper motivation and setting

the importance of the study.

Moreover, explanation and examples to further understand

the improper utilization of lavatories was provided. After

all the data have been collected, the researchers collated

and tabulated the data. And after the data is grouped in their

proper categories, the researchers analyzed and interpreted.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Then researchers utilized a descriptive form of

statistics which includes frequency, percentage and ranking.

Frequency means the actual tabulated scores of the

respondents.

Weighted mean (WM) refers to the overall average of

responses of the study respondents. It is the sum of its

product of the frequency of responses and the three-point

scale.

∑(3𝑓1+2𝑓2+1𝑓3)
Formula: 𝑊𝑀 = 𝑁

Where: Ʃ = summative sign


f1 to f3 = frequency or response per unit weight

N = total number of respondents

Percentage is computed to determine the portion of a

part to a whole such as given number of respondents in

relation to the entire population. It means that the frequency

of a specific group of scores divided by the total of

respondents, then multiplied by 100.

𝑛
𝑃= × 100
𝑁

P= percentage

n= number of responses

N= total number of respondents

Ranking is used to determine the order of decreasing or

increasing magnitude of variable. The largest frequency is

ranked 1; second is ranked 2, and so down to the last rank.


January __, 2020

Mrs. Luz A. Mallorca

Principal

Luna Goco Colleges Incorporated

Dear Ma’am,

Greetings of peace and blessings in the name of our

Lord Jesus Christ!

We humbly request your permission to allow us to conduct an

interview as with the students of Luna Goco Colleges

Incorporated as a requirement for the accomplishment of our

action research entitled “Improper Utilization of Lavatories

in Luna Goco Colleges, Incorporated: Its Extent Effects on

Health of Students and Teachers”. Rest assured that all

information will be taken with full confidentiality and will

be used for the purpose of the study only.

We are anticipating your positive response for this

matter. Thank you and God Bless.

Very truly yours,

Grade 11 STEM-2 researchers


Questionnaire

Title:

This questionnaire aims to determine the Improper

Utilization of Lavatories in Luna Goco Colleges,

Incorporated: Its Extent Effects on Health of Students and

Teachers.

Part I: Profile of the Student

Please read the following directions and put a check (/)

for your answer on the space provided.

1. Age

( ) 11

( ) 12

( ) 13

( ) 14

( ) 15

( ) 16

( ) 17

( ) 18
2. Sex

( ) Female

( ) Male

3. Educational Attainment

Year Level

( ) Grade 7

( ) Grade 8

( ) Grade 9

( ) Grade 10

( ) Grade 11

( ) Grade 12

( ) Others

4. Strand

( ) STEM

( ) HUMSS

( ) TVL

( ) GAS
Part II: Improper Utilization of Lavatories

Please read the following questions carefully and rate

each indicator by encircling the scale below.

3 Always

2 Sometimes

1 Not at all

1. Damaging of Property

a. Do you usually write your crush’s name on the walls

of comfort rooms?

3 2 1

b. Do you use to tease your classmate or friend by

writing on walls of comfort rooms?

3 2 1

c. Do you use pentle pen in making a mess of comfort

room’s door and wall?

3 2 1
2. Hygiene Practices

a. Using tissue after using the comfort room.

3 2 1

b. Pouring water on the toilet bowl after using it.

3 2 1

c. Leaving the floor neat and clean.

3 2 1

3. Tools and Facilities

a. Do you use the toilet flush?

3 2 1

b. Turning off the faucet whenever the water bucket is

full.

3 2 1

c. Shaking feet in the rag before entering comfort room.

3 2 1

4. Proper Waste Management

a. Throwing the used tissues in trash bins.


3 2 1

b. Do you use trash bins for throwing any garbages when

using comfort room?

3 2 1

c. If the trash can is already full, do you still throw

your garbages/waste there?

3 2 1

5. Rules and Regulations

a. If there are signages/rules in comfort room, do you

follow it?

3 2 1

b. If there is no signages, do you still apply your

knowledge in proper using of comfort rooms?

3 2 1

c. Aware of different rules and regulations in proper

using of comfort rooms.

3 2 1
6. Health Condition

a. When you need to pee, do you still use comfort room

even though it is dirty?

3 2 1

b. Does your stomach hurt because of the smell of comfort

room when it gets dirty?

3 2 1

c. Are you preventing yourself to pee when the comfort

room is dirty?

3 2 1
Curriculum Vitae

Personal Information

Name: Haydene R. Castillo

Address: Salong, Calapan City

Birthday: March 21, 2003

Birthplace: Lumangbayan, Calapan

City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Salong Elementary School

Address: Salong, Calapan City

Secondary: Oriental Mindoro National High School

Address: JP. Rizal St. San Vicente East, Calapan City


Personal Information

Name: Joan T. De Villa

Address: Bucayao, Calapan City

Birthday: April 10, 2003

Birthplace: Bucayao, Calapan City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Bucayao Elementary School

Address: Bucayao, Calapan City

Secondary: Bucayao National High School

Address: Bucayao, Calapan City


Personal Information

Name: Christine Mae P. Gozum

Address: Canubing 2, Calapan

City

Birthday: January 4, 2003

Birthplace: Sabang Puerto Galera,

Oriental Mindoro

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Canubing 2 Elementary School

Address: Canubing 2, Calapan City

Secondary: Canubing National High School

Address: Canubing 1, Calapan City


Personal Information

Name: Tricia Gem C. Logatoc

Address: Del Pilar Naujan,

Oriental Mindoro

Birthday: October 31, 2002

Birthplace: Del Pilar Naujan,

Oriental Mindoro

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Del Pilar Elementary School Main

Address: Del Pilar Naujan,

Oriental Mindoro

Secondary: Pedro V. Panaligan National High School

Address: Comunal, Calapan City


Personal Information

Name: Jenna Arbee D. Reyes

Address: Macatoc Victoria,

Oriental Mindoro

Birthday: April 6, 2003

Birthplace: Macatoc Vitoria,

Oriental Mindoro

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Macatoc Elementary School

Address: Macatoc Victoria

Oriental Mindoro

Secondary: Macatoc National HighSchool

Address: Macatoc Victoria

Oriental Mindoro
Personal Information

Name: Zhimvherly T. Rodelas

Address: Blk. 4 Pachoca,

Calapan City

Birthday: September 13, 2002

Birthplace: Pachoca, Calapan City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Educational Background

Primary: Divine Word College of Calapan

Address: Pachoca, Calapan City

Secondary: Divine Word College of Calapan

Address: Pachoca, Calapan City


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Sabra,S.M.M.,(2013). Bacterial Public Health Hazard in the

Public Female Restrooms at Taif,KSA. Middle East Journal

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https://www.researchgate.net//10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2013.14.1

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toilets. Retrieved from

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water-but-many-still-lacks-toilets.

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initiative in Cape Town, South Africa”; Environment and

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Review.pdf.

NA,(n.d.). Water, sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) in schools.

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Katsuno,C.,Gregorio,E.R.,Lomboy,M.F.T.C. et al. (2019,

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of changing sanitary napkins among students in Public

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