Ex.

: 8-9

Example: 8.10
Ex. Select the lightest W section for a simply supported beam with span of 20ft. If it is subjected to loads in
its weak direction with DL of 1 k/ft and live load of 0.5 k/ft. Fy=50 ksi.
8.17 WEBS AND FLANGES WITH CONCENTRATED LOADS

When steel members have concentrated loads applied that are perpendicular to one flange
and symmetric to the web, their flanges and webs must have sufficient flange and web
design strength in the areas of flange bending, web yielding, web crippling, and sidesway
web buckling. Should a member have concentrated loads applied to both flanges, it must
have sufficient web design strength in the areas of web yielding, web crippling, and
column web buckling.
If flange and web strengths do not satisfy the requirements of AISC Specification Section
J.10, it will be necessary to use transverse stiffeners at the concentrated loads. Should
web design strengths not satisfy the requirements of AISC Specification J.10 it will be
necessary to use doubler plates or diagonal stiffeners.

8.17.1 Local Flange Bending

The flange must be sufficiently rigid so that it will not deform and cause a zone of high
stress concentrated in the weld in line with the web. The nominal tensile load that may be
applied through a plate welded to the flange of a W section is to be determined by the
expression to follow, in which Fyf is the specified minimum yield stress of the flange (ksi)
and tf is the flange thickness (in):

It is not necessary to check this formula if the length of loading across the beam flange is
less than 0.15 times the flange width bf or if a pair of half-depth or deeper web stiffeners
are provided. Fig. 8.15(a) shows a beam with local flange bending.
 Fig.8-15

8.17.2 Local Web Yielding

The subject of local web yielding applies to all concentrated forces, tensile or
compressive.
Here we will try to limit the stress in the web of a member in which a force is being
transmitted. Local web yielding is illustrated in part (b) of Fig. 8.15.
The nominal strength of the web of a beam at the web toe of the fillet when a
concentrated load or reaction is applied is to be determined by one of the following two
expressions, in which k is the distance from the outer edge of the flange to the web toe of
the fillet, lb is the length of bearing (in) of the force parallel to the plane of the web, Fyw is
the specified minimum yield stress (ksi) of the web, and tw is the thickness of the web:
 Fig. 8-16 Local web yielding

8.17.3 Web Crippling

Should concentrated compressive loads be applied to a member with an unstiffened web
(the load being applied in the plane of the web), the nominal web crippling strength of the
web is to be determined by the appropriate equation of the two that follow (in which d is
the overall depth of the member). If one or two web stiffeners or one or two doubler
plates are provided and extend for at least half of the web depth, web crippling will not
have to be checked. Research has shown that when web crippling occurs, it is located in
the part of the web adjacent to the loaded flange. Thus, it is thought that stiffening the
web in this area for half its depth will prevent the problem. Web crippling is illustrated in
part (c) of Fig. 8.15.
8.17.4 Sidesway Web Buckling

Should compressive loads be applied to laterally braced compression flanges, the web
will be put in compression and the tension flange may buckle, as shown in Fig. 8-9(d).

Should members not be restrained against relative movement by stiffeners or lateral

bracing and be subject to concentrated compressive loads, their strength may be
determined as follows:
 When the stress from the concentrated compressive force is greater than the
design strength of the web, either bearing stiffeners or lateral bracing are required at the
location of the force.
When bearing stiffeners are provided to resist the full compressive force, the limit states
of web local buckling, web crippling, and web sidesway buckling do not have to be
checked.

Bearing stiffeners are designed as short columns when they are provided to reinforce the
web of a beam subjected to concentrated loads or the web of a beam at an end reaction.
The section properties of the stiffened beam section are as shown in Figure 8-17.

Fig. 8-17 Section properties for bearing stiffeners

Example 8-18
A W21x44 has been selected for moment in the beam shown in Fig. 10.10. Lateral
bracing is provided for both flanges at beam ends and at concentrated loads. If the end
bearing length is 3.50 in and the concentrated load bearing lengths are each 3.00 in, check
the beam for web yielding, web crippling, and sidesway web buckling.
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