Tabal, Liezl A.

February 11, 2019

BS-Biology 1-21A
Law of Tolerance
It is a law that was develop by American zoologist Victor Ernest Shelford in 1911 which states
that an organism’s existence as well as survival depends upon sets of conditions and it’s
tolerance. The range wherein it carried out from the minimum to maximum signify the limit of
tolerance of an organism, known factors are environmental which involves climatic change,
topographic location and biological necessities of both plants and animals.
Law of Minimum
Is a principle developed in agricultural science by Carl Sprengel (1828) which was later
popularized by Justus von Liebig (1803-1873). This law states that growth is dictated not by total
resources available, but by the scarcest resource or the limiting factor. It can be explained by the
sentence “ by increasing the amount of the limiting nutrient, the growth of a plant or crop
improved”.
3 Enlarge Buds or Parts of Buds From the Edible Portion of Some Horticultural Crop
 Cabbage
 Head lettuce
 Broccoli
Lenticels
Are pores that always remain open, they are found on the epidermis of different plant organs
namely: stem, petiole, and fruits which are made up of parenchymatous cells. Lenticels permit
the entrance of oxygen and simultaneously the output of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Also,
they permit the exchange of gases between the environment and the internal tissue spaces of the
organs.
Trichomes
It generally refers to either unicellular or multicellular outgrowths that are ranging from small
hairs to larger outgrowths like thorns, it is most of the time referring to the tiny hairs that can be
observed emerging from the surfaces of leaves and other epidermal surfaces of plants.
Tendrils
It is a plant organ specialized to anchor and support vining stems. They maybe leaves, leaflets,
leaf tips, or leaf stipules or modified stem branches. It is produced usually from the node of a
stem, by which a vine or other plant may climb.
Spine
It is a modified leaf or part of a leaf forming a sharp pointed structure, often with a vascular trace
leading to its base. Spines are common in xerophytes, such as cacti, their points sometimes
acting as nuclei on which water droplets can condense, run down to the soil, and provide
moisture for the plant.
Simple Leaves and Compound leaves
Simple leaf and compound leaf are two types of leaves that occur in dicots. A simple leaf
contains a lateral bud at the base while a compound leaf has no lateral buds at the base of the
leaflet, moreover, simple leaf has an undivided leaf blade while the leaf blade of a compound
leaf is divided into several leaflets.
Types According to Leaf Shape
The most common shapes include oval, truncate, elliptical, lancolate, and linear, leaf shape can
vary considerably.
Acicular needlelike
Subdulate awn- or awl-shaped; sharp-pointed and usually short (<1/2 inch)
Scale Small and sharp, broadened at the base, appressed and imbricated
Linear many times longer than broad, approximately parallel sides
Oblong longer than broad with parallel sides
Lanceolate lance-shaped; widest about 1/3 from the base, tapering to apex
Oblanceolate reverse of lanceolate (switch the base and apex when you add ob-)
Ovate egg-shaped, widest below the middle
Obovate reverse of ovate
Elliptical like an ellipse, widest at the center
Oval broadly elliptical, width is greater than half the length
Orbicular circular or nearly so
Reniform kidney-shaped, heart-shaped, broad as long with a cordate base
Deltate triangular, delta-shaped
Rhombic diamond-shaped
Spatulate shaped like a spatula, broad apex tapering to base
Flabellate fan-shaped

Sources
https://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Shelfords_Law_of_Tolerance
https://stoller.com.ph/liebigs-law-of-the-minimum/
https://extension.oregonstate.edu/gardening/techniques/vegetative-plant-parts
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lenticel
https://www.microscopemaster.com/trichomes-and-microscopy.html
https://www.britannica.com/science/tendril
http://botanydictionary.org/spine.html
https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-simple-leaf-and-compound-leaf/
http://forestry.sfasu.edu/faculty/stovall/dendrology/index.php/fact-sheets/morphology-
photos/465-leaf-morphology-shape