FACTS Advances in the use of oil improved communications and

transportation.

 Led to new sources of power and advances in transportation and

communication. Chemists invented a Kerosene, which could
way to convert crude be used for cooking,
 Technological Revolution oil into fuel called heating, and lighting,
kerosene in the 1850s. created a demand for
 Revolution is generally dated between 1870 and 1914
oil

CREATION OF MACHINE
A rush of inventions changed
Americans’ lives.
Breakthroughs in steel processing led to a boom in railroad
construction.

New telegraph
As steel Alexander Graham Bell
Bessemer technology connected
dropped in Advances in patented the telephone
process, the United States with
price, so did the use of oil in 1876.
invented mid- Britain by cable in 1866.
the cost of and electricity
1850s, building
allowed steel improved
railroads, communicati
to be The growth of big business in the late 1800s led to the creation of monopolies.
generating a ons and
produced boom in transportatio • The rise of corporations and powerful business leaders led to the
quickly and railroad
cheaply. n. dominance of big business in the United States.
construction
• People and the government began to question the methods of big
business.
 BUSINESS LEADERS MASS PRODUCTION
The desire to maximize profits and become more efficient led to
poor working conditions.
Andrew Carnegie
 Several factors led to a decline in the quality of working conditions in
- One of most admired businesspeople of
the time
the late 1800s.
 Frederick W. Taylor, an efficiency expert, published The Principles of
- Focused on steelmaking
Scientific Management in 1909.
- Used vertical integration, owning
businesses involved in each step of
manufacturing, to lower costs Workers began to organize and demand improvements in working
conditions and pay.
John D. Rockefeller  Used collective bargaining, in which all workers acted collectively, or
• Developed horizontal integration, together, to negotiate with management.
owning all businesses in a field
• Formed a trust, grouping many
companies under a single board IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT

• Standard Oil Company was

country’s largest refinery
•
Leland Stanford
• Made fortune selling
equipment to miners
• Governor of California, one of
founders of Central Pacific
Railroad, and founder of
Stanford University
FDRFD