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  • IEE Report of Chilime-Trishuli 220 Line and Chilime Substaion PDF

    Caricato da

    Sanjay Kumar Sharma
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    This document provides an environmental impact assessment report for the 132/220kV Chilime Substation Hub and Lamjung-Trishuli 220kV transmission line project in Nepal. The report was prepared by the Environmental and Scientific Services Department of the Nepal Electricity Authority. It includes an executive summary in both Nepali and English, a description of the project objectives and components, an analysis of potential environmental impacts, and a review of relevant Nepali policies, regulations and guidelines regarding environmental protection and management.

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    This document provides an environmental impact assessment report for the 132/220kV Chilime Substation Hub and Lamjung-Trishuli 220kV transmission line project in Nepal. The report was prepared by the Environmental and Scientific Services Department of the Nepal Electricity Authority. It includes an executive summary in both Nepali and English, a description of the project objectives and components, an analysis of potential environmental impacts, and a review of relevant Nepali policies, regulations and guidelines regarding environmental protection and management.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    354 visualizzazioni153 pagine

    IEE Report of Chilime-Trishuli 220 Line and Chilime Substaion PDF

    Caricato da

    Sanjay Kumar Sharma
    This document provides an environmental impact assessment report for the 132/220kV Chilime Substation Hub and Lamjung-Trishuli 220kV transmission line project in Nepal. The report was prepared by the Environmental and Scientific Services Department of the Nepal Electricity Authority. It includes an executive summary in both Nepali and English, a description of the project objectives and components, an analysis of potential environmental impacts, and a review of relevant Nepali policies, regulations and guidelines regarding environmental protection and management.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Scarica in formato PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
    Segnala contenuti inappropriati
    di 153

    '$,

    Initial Environrnental fixamination Report


    of
    . 13 2 /220kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    and
    Lnurme - Trishuli 220kV TL Project
    r I I
    ^l

    Final R.eport

    .>ubr4ilted_lcr;
    lvl in is.ti-., of Ineigy
    Singh a ciu rba,", i(ath nrand u

    Ihiqugh
    Departrneni of tle:iriciiy Lrevelopment
    Anamnaga i- lr.athnrandu

    PLe:Daiill iin! ..Lrbtiliire{j br I

    Hnyir*i:ine*i ai-lci $c,e ieil $ii-rei;*s Eepartmei'lt ifr:e.iLi


    Engin+eri n g .f; *r'; j e:+": flr r*c torate,
    i.iepa I Ei* r;tri c i iy ;,\r_r thorit-v
    Khari oa ii, llhak tapirr
    Fh.:x:";, i-t,i _i :;!i i;-.:: $-i-l.l59f;
    Frn i ii: r +a :; +;1 i0,,,vii nl:. :;.:rn. np
    .TA3LE OT C$ilITENTS

    Acronyms and Abbreviation s


    -
    Exeiitive' Summary'- Ne7eli'
    Executive Summary. - English

    PREPARATING
    L NAME AND ADDReSS OF THE INDtVtDUAL/INSTITUTION
    THE REPORT
    1_1
    1..1 The Proponent ...'..'.. a4
    _L- t
    !.2 organizationResponsibleforIEEReportPreparation''.''.....''.... |
    -L-
    1.3 Survey License.....
    !-2
    !.4 Rationality for Conducting lEE...
    L- /-
    _i_. ) Structure of the RePort-.....

    ? GENERAL INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT


    2.! Background................
    z-r
    -n
    2.2 Objectives of IEE StudY'..'..' 1a
    L-t
    2.3 Project DescriPtion
    L-V
    z.r+ Salient Features ?,'l 11

    2.5 Project Area Deiineaiion


    /-:t)
    2.6 Construction Planning .......'.-'...'
    .l-|L
    7.7 Project lmPlementatic.n..-..'.
    2-1,2
    2.8 Land Take
    7-!?
    2.9 Pr'oject Objective. 1-,n
    ,4,- L
    significance Double circuit 220 kV Transmission Line....
    -
    2.10

    STUDY METHODOLOGY
    3 j-i
    3.0 General......:..........
    3.1 Desk study and Literature Review""""""" """""""*" """' 3-1
    methods and analysis"""""""" J-i
    3.2 Data requirement, collection
    lmpact ldentification, Evaluation and Prediction
    3-B
    3.3 j-9
    3.4 Public Involvement'.........'...
    3-10
    3.5 The Study Tearn.....'..

    4 REVTEW OF PLANS/pot-tclrs, RULES/REGULATIONS, GUIDELtNES' AND


    CoNVENTIONS 4-1
    4.1 lntrod uction............"-.
    4.2 The Interim Constitution of Nepai ,2063 (2006) B'S""""""' 4-1

    4.3 Plans & PolicY """"""""' 4';


    I
    I
    4.3.L Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050 and 2055.......... 4-t
    4.3.2 Forestry Sector Policy, 2057 (2000).............. 4-2
    I
    4.3.3 Hy-dr.opower. Development Policy; -2058 (1-961) .:...-....'...-...'...'......:..:...' -4-2'
    4.4 Aets .......
    4.4.L Aquatic Anirnals Protection Act,2A17 (1961) 4-2
    I
    4.4.2 Land Acquisition Act,2O34 (1,977)
    4.4.3 S'-'ii :rr,i Wai-el:lre'i Culr:erval!,Jl:.i'.ci, 2039 (7982)
    4-2
    't 3
    I
    4.4.4 \Jatei' Resoui'ces Act, 2049 (1992i 4-3
    4.4.5 Electricitv Act,2O49 (1992)
    Anr r^,--! A^r an rn rlnnlt\
    4-3
    .4 .a
    I
    4.4.7
    4.4.8
    Labor Act,2049 (1-993)
    Environment Protection Act, 2053 (1997) ..............
    4-4
    4-4 I
    4.4.9 Local Self-Governance Act, 2055 (1998).............. 4-5

    4.5 ;i.1?-"'lil:;::::::::::::t::i:: i:::lllllll"ll i:::li::ll i.i t


    4.5.1 Electricity Rules, 2050 (1993) .............
    4.5.2 Water Resources Rules, 2050 (1993)...............
    4.5.3 Environment Protection Rules, 2054 (1997)...............
    4-5
    4-6
    4-6
    I
    4.6
    4.5.4 Local Self Governance Rules. 2056 (1999) .........
    Guidelines and Conventions
    4-6
    4-6
    I
    4.6.1 Biodiversity Convention,1992.. 4-6
    4.6.2 National Environmental lmpact AssessrnentGuidelines, l-993 .....
    4.6.3 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 1995 ........
    4-6
    4-7
    I
    4.6.4 Forest Product Collection and Sale/Distribution Guidelines, 2057
    (1se8)....... 4-7 t
    4.6.5 Community Forest Guidelines, 2058 (2001)...... 4-8

    4.7
    4.6.6 Cornmunity Forest lnventory Guidelines, 2005.......
    Convention on InternationalTrade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
    4-8
    I
    4.8
    & Flora
    ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No. 169)............
    4-8
    4-8 I
    5
    5.1
    EXISTING ENVIRONM ENTAL CO NDITIO IN
    Physical Environment.............. 5-i I
    5.1.1 Topography and Land use ..........i....... 5-1
    5.L.2 Geology and Soil 5-2 ffi
    5.L.3 Erosion and Land Stability 5-2
    5.t.4 Climate
    5.1-.5 Watershed and Drainage .............
    5-3
    5-3 I
    5.1.6 Air and Water Quality and Noise Levels 5-4

    I
    I
    I
    5.2.1. Forest anC Vegetation 5-6
    5.2.2 Wildlife 5-11
    5,3 Socio-econornie and Cultural Envir.onment ...-...:,...:..............;.....;...... S-L2
    5.3.1 General Introduction of the Project affected districts.... S-Iz
    5.3.2, socio-economic features of the Project vDCs/Municipalities ......... 5-13
    5.3.3 Profile of the Project affected households............... ....... S-21
    6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT
    o. _t Physical lmpacts 6-1
    6.1.1, Watershed and Natural Drainage.. ...... 6-1
    6.1..2 Geomorphology and Geo1o9y............. 6-1
    6.1.3 Topography............. 6-2
    6.1.4 Land Take and Land Use.......... 6-2
    6.1.5 Air and Noise Quality..
    6.1.5 Water Quality. 6-4
    6.1-.7 Waste and Spoil Disposal... ..............,.. ...... 6-4
    6.1.8 Storage of Construction Material and Camps...... 6-5
    6.1..9 Crossing of Other Utilities and Interferences.... 6-s
    6.1.10 Use of Coolant Oil in the Transformer....... 6-5
    6.2 Biological Environrnent............ 6-5
    6.2.1, Vegetation/Forest Resources .... 6-5
    6.2.2 Disturbance to Wi1d1ife............ ........ 6-10
    6.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment.............. ......... 6-t2
    5.3.1 Acquisition of Land and 5tructure..,......... ........ 6-1"2
    6.3.2 Loss of Crops........ ........... 6-15
    5.3.3 Health, water supply and sanitation.......... 6-16
    6.3.4 Occupational Hazards and Safety... ...6-17
    6.3.5 lmpact on House, Settlements and social lnfrastructures...... ..........6-17
    6.3.6 lmpact on communal resources (recreation area, places of pubric
    congregation)... .................. 6-19
    6.3.7 lmpact on PAF due to alteration of land and property values......... 6-19
    6.3.8 Disturbances to radio, television and mobile/cell phone reception 6-18
    6.3.9 Health hazard due to current leakage and improper insulation 6-18
    6.3.10 Public safety in line segments, passing through close to the
    settlements and places of congregation due to collapsing or
    toppling of towers. ......... 6-19
    6.3.11 Electric and Magnetic Field Effect...... ............. 6-19
    6.3,L2 Gender and Vulnerable Group... ..:.-.......... ...... 6-19
    6.3.13 Economic Activities.. . 6-1_9
    6.3.14 Religious, Historical and Archeological Site........... 6-20
    I
    I
    I
    I
    I
    t
    I
    7 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
    7.O
    7.L
    lntroduction................
    Alternatives Considered............
    7-t
    7-1,
    I
    7.1.L Site Alternatives.......
    7.2
    7.3
    Alternatives Considered............
    Determination and Recommendation....
    7-1.
    7-2
    7-3
    I
    8 MITIGATION MEASURES
    I
    8.1

    ij:i" d}:i*:i::m;::"; :a; i:;:_;;


    --
    .. -.: ::.:. : j I
    8.1.3 Air Quality
    8.L.4 Noise and Vibrations...........
    8-2
    .............. B-2 I
    8.1.5 Water Quality..... 8-3
    8.2 Environment..............
    Biological
    8.2-L Mitigation Measures.
    B-3
    E-3
    I
    8.2.2 Enhincennent Measures............
    8.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment ......,.....
    8.3.1 Acquisition of land and structure ......
    8-6
    8-10
    8-10
    I
    8.3.2 Compensation for loss of standing crops
    8.3.3 Health, Water and Sanitation ..........
    ...........8-12
    ................ B-13
    I
    8.3.4 Occupational Hazards anC Safety . 8,-1,4
    8.3.5 lmpacts on PAFs due to alteration of land and property value ...... 8-15 M
    8.3.6 lmpact due to restriction of future land use development close to
    sett1ement............... 8-15 W
    ffi
    8.3.7 Disturbance to radio-television and mobile/cell phone reception.. 8-15 I
    8.3.8 Public safety in line segment passing through close to settlement,
    - and places of congregation due to collapsing or toppling of I
    I
    I
    towers..... .......... g_15
    8.3.9 Electric and Magnetic Field Effect ................,....... g_15
    -8.3.L0 Gender and Vulnerable Groups-..-.;....:...,....-......:..:................:............. g_LS
    8.3.11- Economic Activities ..............:... ...... g_j.o
    8.3.12 Religious, historical and archeological sites ......... ........... B_16
    8.3.13 Infrastructure and Service Facility .................. g_16
    8.3.14 Social and Cultural practice B_I7
    8.3.15 Law and Order 8_I7
    8.3.16 lmpact on Aesthetic ............ g_1g
    8.3.17 Withdrawal of Economic Activities ............ g_1g
    8.3.18 Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan (RRp) 8_18
    8.3.19 Enhancement Measures ........... ..... B_20
    8.3.20 Enhancement Measures Cost g_22
    8.3.2L Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS) 8_23
    8.3.22 Socio-economic Cost......... .............:.... ............. g_25
    8.3.23 Total Environmental Cost ,............. B-27

    I ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
    9.0 Introduction 9-t
    9.1 Req uirements for Environrnental Monitoring in Nepal .........
    9-1
    9.2 Environmental Management and Monitoring Unit 9-1
    9.3 Environmental Mon itoring plans 9-2
    9.3.1 Agencies Responsible for Environmental Monitoring 9-6
    9.3.2 Monitoring Cost 9-9
    9.3.3 Summary of Cost Benefit Assessment
    70 CONCLUSION
    List of Annexes
    Annex | ","-. Survey License
    Annex ll Approved Terms of Reference (ToR) I
    Annex lll Pub'lic Notice

    A.nnex !\"/ It4uchulkas. P.esponses and P.ecornrnendation l-etters I


    Annex V
    Annex Vl
    List of Contacted Persons

    Attendance of Interaction Meeting during the study phase


    I
    Annex Vll
    Annex Vlll
    Key lssues/Concerns raised by public

    Biological Tables
    I
    Annex lX
    Annex X
    List of Settlement, Infrasturctures & Property along the TL

    Table of Land Loss and Crops Loss of Project Affected Families


    I
    Annex Xl
    ' Checklist for Physical, Biological and Socio-economic Data Collection And lmpact
    Predication Matrix

    I
    I

    I
    I
    n

    I
    I
    Acronyms and Abbreviations

    ACRP Acquisition, Compensation and Rehabilitation plan


    AP Angle Point
    CBS Central Bureau of Statistics
    CBO. Community ba-se Orl;anization
    CFC Compensation Pixation Committee
    CITES convention on lnternational rrade of Endangered species of.wild Fauna
    and Flora
    CFUG Community Forest Users' Group
    dbh Diameter of breast height
    DDC District Development Committee
    DoED Department of Electricity Development
    DFO District Forest Office
    DFID Department for lnternational Development
    EIA Environmental lmpact Assessment
    EIB European Investment Bank
    EMF Electromagnetic Field
    EPR Environment Protection Rules, 2054
    EPA Envi.ronment Protection Act, 2053
    ESSD Environment and Social Studies Department
    IDA International Development Association .
    IEE Initial Environmental Examination
    tLo I nternational Labour Organization

    IUCN International Union for conservation of Nature and Natural Resources


    GoN Government of Nepal
    GRU Grievances Redress Unit
    HEP Hydroelectric Project
    Hz Hertz
    KfW Kreditanstalt ftir Wiederaufbau (German Developrnent Bank).
    km Kilometer
    kv. Kilovolt
    ha Hectares
    Hh household
    LARU Land Acguisition and Rehabilitation Unit
    MoEn Ministry of Energy
    MoSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environrnent
    MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation
    MVA Mega Volt Ampere
    MW Megawatt
    m Meter
    NGO Non Governmental Organization
    NEPAP Nepal Environmental Policy and Action plan (NEpAp)
    NEA Nepal Electricity Authority
    NPC Nepal Planning Commission
    NTFP Non Timber Forest Products
    OPGW Optical Ground Wire
    PAF Project Affected Family
    PCBs Poly-chlorinated Biphenyls
    SIA Social lmpact Assessment
    SPAF Seriously Project Affected Families
    SWCA Soil and Watershed Conservation Act
    UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
    VDC Village Development Committee
    VCDP Vulnerable Community Development Plan
    WECS Water and Energy Commission Secretariat
    TI
    IL Transmission Line
    ToR Terms of Reference
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    I
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    eT?Tr4TU"r'ain vrslfo-a 3daTlr4 fr'rTrrr


    132/220 kV Chiline Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project E-ttc t t I i v c Su ttu t t t t rl

    Executive Sumrnary

    E.1 Project proponent and Organizations Responsible for the IEE Study
    The project proponent is the Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA). NEA is a pubtic underlaking oJthe
    Government of Nepal and was established in August 16, 1985 (Bhadra 1, 2042) under thJ ,Nepat
    Electricity Authority Ac|,2042. Environmental and Social Studies Department (ES.SD) is responSible
    for conducting the IEE study of this project.

    E.2 Project Description


    The unprecedented groMh in power consumption has led to severe imbalance in demand and
    supply of electricity power in the country which has resulted in load shedding in Nepal since last few
    years and will be continued in the country in the years to come. Electric power being an essential
    component for the economic growth of a nation, this unprecedented load shedding has resulted in
    financial loss to the country. 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime Trishuli 220 kV
    Transmission line project has been recomrnended to evacuate power from Upper Sanjen (14.6
    MW)' Sanjen (42.5 MW) and Rasuwagadhi (11 1. 0 MW) in total 168.1 MW of Rasuwa district.

    The proposed transmission line starts from the proposed substation hub site at Thambuchet village,
    Goljung VDC of Rasuwa district and encompassing through Gatlang, Haku, Thulogaun, Dadagaun
    VDC of Raiuwa district and finally terminates to the proposed Trishuli 38 hub substation at
    ct.

    The proposed transmission line of 26.5 km will be clor_rble cir-cr_rit comori.-erno of drrnlerr c,vorhora
    _- z1 v Yvi i :equ
    :' --'
    conductor. The total number of towers to be estimated is 39; at this stage the total number of
    suspension towers to be erected is not estimated. The detail engineering design is not finished
    so
    number and location of towers are not finalized yet This i n r""pon ;;;"r, the substation, ;;gl;
    point and structure falls under the RoW. ' ' : I , ."
    . :'
    E.3 Study Methodotogy l

    The IEE process follows the Environment Protection Rules, 1gg7, and amendment,made
    on 2009
    (2065111/26) and National EIA Guidelines, 1993. This IEE is prepared in
    accordance with the legat ,

    requirements of GoN, based-on field studies and consultation with local people and
    offici;rs:'i";t-;
    phy5ical environment, data oi climate, geotogy and land were
    taken *her""f f";ilb;;;it"roi';n
    gf the forest was done considering the representation of all kinds of trees in tf,e
    [rolecr f ite. s
    difierent sampling plots of 20mx2om quadrates along the alignment were taken for sampling.
    In
    each plot iree species having more than 4 inch DBH were identified, counted
    and measured for
    diameter at breast heighi (DBH) for calculation of wood volume. Regeneration
    determined by plotting of quadrate of 5mx5m within the same quadrateJ. Trees having
    lr"rprinfl *r.
    less than 4
    inch DBH were considered as sampling for regeneration count. Canopy cover of
    each tree species
    was determined through visual observation. The data from forest sampling were quantitatively
    analyzed for frequency, density, basal area, crown coverage, u.tir*tuj*ooo volume.
    "no
    Likewise, in socio e.conomic and cultural environment data on populatron,
    ethnicity, religion and
    religious sites, infrastructure, etc are collected for the study. The baselinuto","
    have teen lollected
    using' the following techniques: Households' Survey, Key Informant Survey, Focus
    Discussion, Observation, Public consultation and Photographs. A 15 days public
    i.";;
    notice in
    Gorkhapatra National Daily was published on 2o71loglQ3. 6oou of public notice
    r,".g *i1, eou",'
    letters were sent to concerned VDCs, CFUGs, districi. level line agencies
    and other locar
    .ESSD
    NEA
    132/220 kv Chilime Sub-s'td,tion Hub
    ond Chilime T(ishuli.220 kV T/L Project E-tzttt ti te Stt tt ttttu rt

    ;
    stakeholders. Deed of public enquiry (N/uchulka) and response letters was collecied from them.
    Public/stakeholders meetings was conducted while collection of Muchulkas.

    E.4 Existing environmental Acts, Rutes/Regulations, Policies, Guidelines, and Conventions


    The prevailing Acts, Policies, Regulations and Guidelines, which are required for the construction
    and operation of Transmission Line Projects in Nepal, have been reviewed as per the followings
    while preparing the prdsent IEE report. The proponent will abide by any other laws besides those
    already mentioned in the documents that are attracted due to various activities thai will be
    undertaken during project implementation.

    E.5 ExistingEnvironmentaiConciition
    tr-5.1 Phys!caltrnvironment
    -!-!-.- 1,--,--,-^:--:-- :;-^ ^---":^-::^^ :- '.ii- i.--i^^::^ :.U j^-^^-^:^ L,,!..,., ..:" t!.,.
    iiiU 'ri ciiiiiiiiiiiUi i iiiiY i,UiiiuUi ii<:u iii i!-- Li UiJiUaa tsiiiiigicr. ^!:---.-9:^ lwir€;.
    UriiiiqitU aviUra Ui ii :- ..1..,:_,,..,...
    rii-r.wtrsr
    of the transmission line corridor are approximately at 500m-800m away from the rural road. The
    sources of air pollution are household fire, dust particles created by the movement of local vehicles
    al^^^ rg +h^ ^^^^^^
    c'ur road +^
    u tc dr/L,sbb -^^l +!-^ ^^+rl^*^^+^
    to the settlements; operation
    ^^^-^+;^^ of stone crusher,
    ^{ ^+^^^ ^-,,;L^- ,:-^
    quarrying +L^ l;*^
    ^3 the
    of lime ^lstone,
    etc. At the initial stretches €mission of smoke from the brick factories were also noticed. However,
    the overall status of air quality at the immediate project area can be considered to be moderate.

    The physiographical zone along the transmission line corridor is Midland zone. The Midland
    physiographic zone is a zone of subdued hills and valleys with altitudes varying from 750m to less
    than 2630m. The alignment is characterized by hilly terrain with gentle and moderate slopes and
    alluvial plains. The angle points of the alignrnent have been located at the top of the subdued
    hillocks, at mid-hills and at the ridges in order to avoid the major settlements and structures.

    The total area required for the project construction is estimated to be 84.556 ha (including area for
    RoW, tower pads and substation) out of which 37.785 ha is cultivated, 40.969 ha is forest area
    including shrub land and grassland and 3.933 ha consists of barren land and cliff; river and rivulets.

    The geology of the area is represented by gneiss, phyllite, quartzite, sandstone, limestone, slate etc.
    No instabilities were noticed along the proposed transmission line except for a few stretches. The
    principal drainage of the area 6f the transmission line alignment is Chilime Khola, Trishuli River and
    Mailung Khola.

    E.5.2 Biological Environment


    Distribution of theforestand vegetation of the alignmentvarywith the clirnate, altitude and soil type.
    The prooosed Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV transmission line lies in tropical to sub tropical forest type,
    mostlyr natural and regenerative. The forest vegetation of the project areas is mostly dominant by
    the hill Sal (Shorea robusta), chilaune (Schtrna walichii) and Salla (Pinus roxburghii) forest and
    tropical deciduous broad leaved mixed forest. The forests in the project area fall under mainly
    community forest.

    A continuous stretch from AF 19 to AP 27 possesses:through the tropical and sub tropical


    deciduoub broad leaved mixed forest. The forest areas aie fragmented into smail patches. This
    forest is predominantly composed of Sal (Shorea robusta), Salla (Prnus roxburghr) Simal (Bombax
    ceiba),.etc. Along corridor shrub species recorded are.Sano Dhanyero (Woodfordia fruticos), Bayer
    (zizyphus sp), Ainselu (Rubus elipticus), Bhimsenpali (Budlegia sp), etc.

    E.tsD E.2 rVE-i


    132/220 kV Chiline Sub-srotion Hub
    ond Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L project
    E-tt t'rr li y e S u n ut tu ry,

    Altogether 15 differeni species of trees (Tropical and sub tropical broadleaved Mixed Forest),
    were
    recorded in the 17 sample plots, equivalent to 2O0O m2 area along the proposed
    220 kV
    transmission line alignment. Estimated tree density is 345 trees per ha. There are 1g
    commu,Fity
    forests in the project area; out of which 17 are in Rasuwa in Rasuwa distr-ict and 1 in
    ruuwiti
    district' The 18 community forest covers '1612 households and the area of 1132.85 ha. The proleci
    I!
    has affected 44 901 ha. land of communiiy forest.

    --t A number of mammalian species are reported from the project area. Some of thern are comrnon
    I
    I wild anirnals such as: Leopard (Panthera pardus), Barking deer (Mitntiacus munjak),
    I Jackal (Canis
    aureus), Porcupine (Hystrix lndica), Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulata), Common
    Langoor (presbytis
    entellus), Malsapro (Martes flavigula), squirrel (Fuinambulas palmaurum), Jungle
    Cat (Felrs chausl,
    F ox (Vulpes vulpes), etc

    'Common bird species found in the project area are Common Myna (Acridothere.s ffls/is), House
    Swifi (Apus affinis), House Crow (Corvus splendens), Spotted Dove (Stre ptopelia chrnensrs)
    and
    ;House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). Titra (Francolinus
    sp), Kalij phesa nt (Lophura leucomelana),
    'Redumped swallow (Hirundo daurica), Koilee (Eudyanamus sp), parrot (psitta ve:rnalis),
    Red Jungte
    (Gallus gallus), etc are reported bird species in the project area..House
    lowl Gecko (Hemidactylus
    lfrentus), Common frog (Rana tigrina), Golden toad (Bufo bufo) aye some of the common species
    of
    amphibians reporled in the project area.

    ,E.5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment


    Distr.!ct Prof!le
    Th- pt"p"*d project passes through 2 districts are Nuwakot and Rasuwa of Bagmati Zone.
    The
    total of 2 districts is 2665 Sq. km. According to National population ."nrrJ zoll,1..'" totur
    .area
    population of the project affected districts is 320771 with 154262 ma|e and 166509 female. The
    of the project affected district covers 1.21% of rhe totulpoprirtJ;; th;-;"r;i;;.;n;;;
    '::::'*':l househotds "f
    and the average household size is 4 5G. similarry, the average
    .T: 9:::t
    (gonulation of six years and above) four project districts is 56.2 o/0. The
    titeracy rate of
    fhe
    'female g5.09. ",iur"g"
    *!" ,no
    sex ratio is
    :

    VOC profifa
    -Fhe
    total population of the project affected 6 vDCs is 11g0g with male 5614 and
    female 61g5 The
    areb population covers 3.68% of the 5 districts population with averag"
    !:"]-"-tt
    58'35 persons/sq km Similarly, the househotd size of 'ft,u prol"rt rnu.t"o o"pr'"ii"" u""nritv
    less than average district household size 4.56.
    voi i.;:;, *ii.r, i,

    The main settlements located along the transmission line alignment are:
    Thambuchet, Chyamdon,
    Gre, Nasin village, Hechambra, Sanu Haku, Thulo Haku, Gursumba,
    Gogane,Chandane, Mailung
    Dovan, Siruchet, Deurali dada, Salim. bhitta village, Khadku, Chipleti,
    Diyale, Dadagau, pairegau,
    Archale and Champani.

    Altogether -9 castes/ethnic'groups are found in the pr.oject


    area. The dominant caste group that .

    residing in the: project area indigenous community (Tamarng-70.01%


    and Guru nl-tz'oa't"1
    Government of Nepal has categoriied 59 casies/etrnic groups as.indigenous
    and tribal groups.
    Under this provision, there is 82.62% population in the project
    affected VDCs that fall under the
    category of Indigenous and Tribal groups and they occupy 3.04%
    of the total population or ,n*
    project affected districts. The other Major casteiethnic groups
    of the project area are Brahmin Hill

    E-3 rY6;l
    32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    tnd Chilimb Triihuf i 22O kv T/L Project E-tactt tive S u tt tun rJ'

    ,b.AaV"), Ghale (2.2Qo/").and Chhetri (1.18%). The Dalits community (Kami, Damai and Sarki) covers
    !.35%of total populationof iheprojectarea Tamang(70.76%) isthemainlanguagewidelyspoken
    n ihe project area. Besides Tamang, the second most spoken language in the project area is Nepali
    ',25'.69%) followed by Gurung (2.760/0), Newari (0.40%), Ghale (0.10%), and others (0.64%).

    According to the pppulation. census, 2011, the literacy rate of 6 years and above of the project
    affecied VDCs is 54.12o/owith male literacy rate 60.11o/o and female literacy rate 48.690/o.

    Profile of the Froiect Affected Households


    Househoicis survey of s0 househoicis from projeci affecieci VDCs have been conouctecj. The survey
    reveals that the total population of the project affected sample household is 208 of which 105
    (50.48%) are male and 103 (49.52%) are female. Similarly, the ar.,erage households size and sex
    aL^ ^a qiisu(-u
    ^:a^ -:-i L-,.-^L^i:^ ,^ a. -, -,-, i - ,--..:i-- i-.----:
    f--::-
    qirv -i
    vi (tie --^:^
    Vivjvui iivuqsiiviuJ ^--
    qr --: rv r.vc -::.--i..
    rvt!. t \o yvl trlv vrvqu qY! yrvuy

    classification, the majority of population falls in the age group of 15-59 year, which comprised of
    61.08% population. Similarly, the total dependent population (population of the age group O-14
    years and senior citizen-age group of 60 year and above) is Bl (38.94%). Joint type of family is
    dominant in the project affected households

    The majority of the project affected households (80%) are Buddhistfollowed by Hindu (20%). About
    73.33% of the surveyed households speak Tamang language followed by Nepali (26.67%).
    Agriculture and labour wage (inside and outside the country) are the main occupation of the people
    of surveyed households. Besides, other occupation adopted by project affected households is
    l
    business and small indusiry, service, students and household works. -i

    The average land holding size of the surveyed households is estimated to be 1.139ha. The higher
    landholding size is in Haku VDC (1.668) and the lower landholding size is in Dadagau VDC (0.424).
    T.he, main cereal crops grown by the surveyed households are paddy, wheat, maize, and millet.
    Similarly, cash crop like potatoes and oilseeds are also grown by some sampled households of
    upper side. From the households' survey, the total production of paddy, wheat, maize and millet is
    17.64 MT, 6.02 MT, 21.56 MT and 11.41 MT respectively. Similarly, the average yield of paddy,
    wheat, maize and millet are 2_.64 MT/ha, 1.91 MT/ha, 1,BB MT/ha and 1.14 MT/ha respectively.
    Households survey shows tfiaitfre total average annual income of the surveyed households is Rs.
    2,92,240.,Of the total in-come share of remittance is highest i.e. 74,800 (25.60%). The incorne and
    expenditure pattern.of the surveyed households shows that the total average annual saving is Rs.
    1,01,817.

    Pipe water supply is the major source of drinking water of the surveyed population. The households
    survey sirows thai iire avaiiabie suppiy of cirinking waier is suificieni ihroughoui ihe year: Hbout
    80.00% of the surveyed households use fuel wood for cooking purpose while 13.33% use LP gas
    and 6.67% use bio-gas.

    Household survey shows that most of the surveyed households (83.33%) use electricity for lighting
    purpose, where 13.33% use solar and.remaining.3.33% of the surveyed households use kerosene
    .lamp for lighting purpose. On the average, 63.33% of the surveyed households have their own-toilet
    for defection. Similaily, nearby forest area.and open field are also used by 26.67% households
    roq nontirrolrr

    ES.'D . E.J NE,{


    132/220 kv Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L project
    E-ttctt ti ve Srt nutturr

    'The expectations of the project


    affected famiiies are mainly for good compensation for ihe land and
    propefty, employment, electricity facility and local development. However,
    malorrty (66.67%);fir"
    households have shown their interest for good compensation. Similarly, 26.67%
    of the househ;blds
    have shown their expectation for employment and 6.67% for local development.
    Househoids survey
    shows that abcut t household shows his disagreement for resettlement due
    to adaptation problem
    in host society and the attachment to the old one.

    E.6 lmpact Assessrnent


    E.6.1 PhysicalEnvironment
    - The
    I
    main physical impacts associated with the proposed transmission line project
    will be related to
    !1 permanent and temporary land take for tower pads and for 30 m Right of Way (RoW) during
    ' construction period. The permanent land will be acquired for angle
    tower and the suspension
    The angle towers and suspension towers will require an area of between 15m
    l:*ult;
    u:-n.slderrngl an area of 225 sq m for of each foundation of both type
    x 15rn.
    ! will of towers, a total of 0.g78 ha
    have to be acquired permanently for tower pads construction. Similarly,
    4.64 ha of land will be
    for the construction of the su.bstation and 0.45 ha wil be acquired tu*porr'ry
    II ror
    1::lt^"^1lu_:T"n"ntlv
    construction camps. An area of 78.588 ha under the Right of way (Row)
    will be restricted for
    land use practices considering the RoW of 30 m. However, the peopie
    will be able to ,r" in" l"n"j
    ;| for cultivation under the
    _ Row after the project
    vJvvL construction
    vvr ratt u is over.
    I
    E.6.2 Biological Environment
    n totar of 44'9Q1ha of forest will be dlrectly affected from 30 m wide transmission tine. Due to the
    I' lmplementation of the proposecl project, approximateiy 40.608
    ha of community forest will be
    affected- similarly, 6196 trees consisting 1753.56 cubii meter
    , or stanoing wood volume will be
    i !1"1'uo iorthe proposed alig.nment. During the conStruction of the pr:oject,
    in total about 6196 trees
    tn the'community forest will be directly affected due ,to the,clejrance of gom RoW ai ;;;
    I :i?.:Ti:=i:l line. Majority of the tree species ro be rost are sai, iir".: Cn;;;";, il;;" :i"' .;;; ;
    ;. :.. :

    I E.6 3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment


    I i: :1":?:lYl'
    acquired 37 .:8? ha of cultivated tand. out or totat, 3.288 ha is permanent
    land (tand
    and-substation area) for rand acquisition, 34.0 47 hai.
    :::ll::,1:li?l?.t*er i.rrinu;i
    forland use restriction and 0.45 ha is temporary tand tak" ior rooir.
    i;;; i;;;;
    :?l1l:1.lo1Row) 23 .;;;l ;";
    :1,1"1:l-""glatowers,
    towers and the substation tie in cultiv;i";,;r; ;"";n';n
    Altogether, 3 camps will be setup for construction activities. i;"j2.i;ffi;".
    proposed substation area and the other
    one .;;; will be estautisire"j i'n
    two will be mobile iype. Due to the implementation of the
    project the permanent annuar ross of food grains
    wourd'be 7.rg Mr ao;;;u:;.il;, *r,*"t_
    0.0.931\.4T, maize-3. 14 MT and miltet_1.S7
    MT).

    sirnilarly, about 74.62MT of food crops (paddy-16.ogMT,


    wheat-g.64MT), maize-32.56MT, millet-
    16'34MT) will be lost due to the restriction of land
    use and establishment of camp site. Altogether 2
    structures (1 house and 1 kitchen) will be affected
    due to ,r'.lu i*pLn-,entation
    project- Both structures will have to be displaced .of the proposed
    as they lie in the fropor"O substation area.
    Increase in the accidental risks like electric
    shocks, fire haz:ards from
    - the high tension transmissron
    lines will be one of the main impacts associated with tfre prjeci.

    tssD
    NE,{
    732/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilimb Trishuti 22O kV T/L Project E-taut lirc Su tnnutr-t'

    E.7 AlternativeAnalysis'
    Alternative routes .were studied during the field siudy. These routes were studied considering
    minirnurn number of river crossing, national highways, power lines and telecommunication lines.
    Dense settlement, culturally and religiously sensitive areas were avoided while studying the routes.
    .j
    No project option was also analyzed during the alternative study.

    E-B Mitigationlnd'EnhancementMeasures

    E.8.1 Physical Environment


    l'"'linimizction of iand take, 1a.r'11e;-er.,s5 ieasisie, wii! Lre iire prirr:rry rrriiigaii,:'i-r !-r-r*?Si-ii* 1,f ii4 1ri'c,jcct
    Cther mitigation includes restoi'aiicn of the area and stci-age of top soi! around the towei' pad,
    provide adequate drainage around all the towers and management of construction waste and safety
    hazlrcls

    E.8.2 Biological Environment


    Selective felling of trees within the RoW will be conducted to rninimize the adverse impacts of
    transmission line. lt is estimated that total 6196 trees will likely to be fell down for the RoW
    clearance. The compensatory measured for the loss of trees due to the s.ite clearance, plantation in
    1:2 ratio will be carried out in the adjacent site of the vegetation clearance zone. Assuming 6196
    trees will be cut down. Atotal of 84,234 including 44g01 ha,71842 (seedlings 1600 per ha) will be
    added more seedlings of different species of plants will be planted at 44.901 ha land. The plantation
    site in community forests will be finalized after discussion with the members of concerned forest
    users group. Meanwhile the District Forest Offices will be consulted for the technical support and
    success of plantation activities. The total cost of the plantation will be beared by the proponent.
    r{
    ,i
    E83Socio-economicandCultural]Environment ,l
    Compensation for land
    The projectwill acquired 37.785 ha of cultivated land. Out of total,3.288 ha is permanent'land (land
    required for angle tower and substation area) 34.047 ha cultivated land permanently r:equired for
    land use restriction and 0.45 ha cultivated land will be required temporariiy for mobile camp. The
    compensation cost for 3.288 ha of permanently acquired land will be Rs. 3,22,22,400 and the total j
    {
    compensation of land to be acQuired permanently and temporarily used will be Rs. 9,93,07,320.

    Gompensation for production toss


    The total compensation cost for the production loss in ternporary and permanent types of land is
    estimated to be Rs. 30,90,481.

    l4i1 * =n.vYr.!;a;!.
    = +*i -^.-. {n-- __.
    ef r: :rf : : yac

    The total compensation of the loss of structures (1 house and 1 kitchen) is estimated to be NRs.
    9,00,000.

    E. I Environment Monitoring
    In order to implernent the project smoothly, the mitigation program, monitoring plan, issues of public
    concern and otl-rer relevant issues; an Environmental Monitoring will be done. Under this plan a Unit
    wiit ne formed Wfrictr wili conducted day to day monitoring works. The Unit wili consibt pf experts
    from ESSD and other qualified personnel from ihe local market if required. This monitoring.includes
    pre-construction, 2 years construction and two years operation phase monitoring The toial cost for
    the monitoring activities has been estimated as NRs. 1,20,18,000.

    ESS'
    1-32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chitime Trishuti 220 kv T/L prcject
    E.recutive Sunnnrt'

    E.10 Conclusion
    The finding of IEE shows that the adverse impacts on physical, Biological, Socio economic
    and
    Cultural environment due to the implementation of the proposed project are moderate type.
    Except
    for impacts due to land take and on land use other identified impacts are in acceptable limits and
    can generally be mitigated.

    Wherever possible, efforts have been made by the project planning team to limit adverse impacts
    on
    the environment by selecting environmentally friendly benign design options and othenrrise
    suggesting appropriate mitigation measures. The project proponent will be primarily responsible
    for
    following acts, rules, regulations (legislation and other relevant directive of GoN) while implementing
    the project. The Environmental cost is estimated to be NRs. 14,56,22,661. The total environmental
    cost includes mitigation/enhancement, CSR and monitoring costs. The percentage of environmental
    cost to the total project cost is estimated to be 4.95 %.

    The environmental impact mitigation rneasures will be incorporated in Contract Documents for the
    works thus providing the Environment and Social Mitigation/Enhancement requirements for the
    Contractors/Project Company to consider in his bid and follow during construction.

    The IEE study .concludes that construction of the proposed project is environmentally and socially
    feasible if the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring plans are implemented. Hence,
    the IEE
    finding shows that ihere is no need of conducting EIA level study for the proposed project.

    tsD Ci
    I'.E.l
    tJz/.azv Kv LuililIte >uo-SLQuon nuD
    . qnd Chilime-Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project IEE RePort

    CHAPTER-I
    NAiUE AND ADDRESS oF THE INDTVTDUAL/INSTtruloN PREPARING THE REPoRT
    I
    i

    1.1 Proponent
    Nepa.l Electricity Authority (NEA) is the proponent of ihis project. The primary objective of
    I
    'NEA is to generate,. transmit and distribute adequate, reliable and affordable power by
    planning, constructing, operating and maintaining all generation, transmission and
    distribution faoilities in Nepal's power system both interconnected and isolaied.
    I
    NEA is a national level Government of Neoal undertaking organization established in 2042 I
    B.S (1985). lt is responsibte for generation, transmission and disiribution of electricity in the
    country. The contract address of the proponent is as follows:
    I
    Coniact Aciciress
    Nepal Electricity Authority
    Durbar Marg, Kathmandu
    I
    Pirone No.: 4153025; Fax: 4153040,
    P.O.B. 10020, Kathmandu, Nepal I
    1.2 Organization Responsible for IEE Report Preparation
    Environment and Social Studies Department (ESSD) of NEA executes all activities related to
    the environmental aspects of projects studied, designed, and constructed or operated by
    t
    NEA. This department is commercial working in close association with national and
    international consulting companies in conducting ElAs, lEEs, monitoring and implementing
    mitigation measures and environmental auditing of hydroelectric, transmission line and
    distributicn line projects.
    I
    Beirrg the concern department, ESSD has prepared Initial Environmental Examination (lEE)
    Report of this Project. The IEE report of this project has been prepared ESSD to fulfill the
    provisions macle in Environment Protection Rules, 1997 (Schedule 5). The IEE report is
    I
    prepared as per Terms of Reference approved by Ministry of Energy on 20711A3122 (6'n July,
    2C14) (Annex-ll). Contract address is as follows: I
    gontact Address:
    Enrriornment and Social Studies Departrnent I
    Engineering Services, Nepal Eelectricity Authority
    Kharipati, Bhaktapur
    Phone: 6-611580; Fax: 6-611590
    t
    Email: neaessd @ wlink.com.nP

    1.3 Survey License


    The project proponent has obtained survey license from the Ministry of Energy (MoEn) to
    carry out the feasibility study including IEE of the proposed project. The survey license for
    feasibility and environmental studies was issued on 8.S.2069/09/16 and is valid till
    I
    8.S.2071 l\gl15. The validity of the license rs extended to 2072109/15 BS. Copy of survey
    'license (with extended version) is presented in Annex-I. t
    I
    .ESSD.
    I-I
    NEA
    I
    132/220 kv Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime-Trishuli 22A kV T/L Project IEE Repart

    '1.4 Rationatity for Conducting IEE


    Schedule -1 of Environment Proteciion Rules, 1997 lists proposal requiring an IEE As per
    the EPR, 1997 and the receni amendment, an IEE is required for 132 kV or above voltage
    transmission line. Since 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station and Chilime-Trishuli 220 kV.
    Transmission Line Project is of 220 kV capacities, it needs an IEE for execution. The project
    area does not lie in the national park, wiidlife reserve, buffer Zone, conservation Area,
    wetlancjs, historically and archaeologically imporiant sites and or environmentally sensitive/
    fragile areas. lf any development project displace more than 100 people, EIA need to be
    carried out. This Project shall not displace more than 100 people'

    1.5 Structure of the Report


    The IEE reporl is prepared into two volumes. Volume-1 is the main report and volume two
    consist appendices. The volume -1 is divided into ten chapters. Chapter-2 contains a brief
    description of the project, including the transmission line and substations, construction
    planning and project area delineation. Chapter-3 discusses about the data requirement and
    the methodology adopted for the collection of data on physical, biological, socioeconomic
    ancj cultural environment of the area. This chapter also highlights the techniques used for
    daia analysis and impact assessment. Chapter-4 deals with the national acts, poiicies, rules
    and guidelines referred while peparing the report.

    The existing environmental conditions of the project area with respect to physical, biological
    and socioeconomic and cultural environment !s given in Chapter-S. Chapter-6 highlights the
    posltive and adverse impacts likely to occur due to implementation of the project. Alternative
    assessrnent for the substation and route alignment is presented in chapter-7. The mitigaticn
    and enhancement measures are presented in chapter-8. Chapter-9 ciea!s with the
    envircnmental monitoring plan, chapter-10 conclusion of the study.

    E aan NEA
    r-z
    132/22O lcV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    and Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Proiect
    IEE Re?ort
    I
    CHAPTER-II
    GENTRAU INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT
    I
    2.1 Background
    1321220 kV chitime sub-station Hub and chilime Trishuli 220
    kv Transmission line project
    t
    has been recommended to evacuate power from Upper Sanjen (14 6 MW)'
    Sanjen (42'5
    ".M;i;; a"ro*ag"dhi (111. o MW) in total 168.1 Mw of Rasdwa district- The scope of
    approximaiely line
    I
    services is limited to chilime hub to Trishuli hub section consisting of

    f
    length of 26.5 km in Rasuwa and Nuwakot district of Bagmati zone,
    ar- --. .aL a,dnr^
    lfalf lfy tllluugll lllruvre
    rniainc
    rrrvuillqr'
    -ar
    an.i iriiirr
    ""')
    Nepal and passes
    sir ie
    -'''-'
    I
    2.2 Oblectives of the IEE StudY
    '!-r....
    !:au
    lhe strr..l'-, is to orenare an IEE reoort in ofder to implefnent the
    .-i.-.;-.ar:! n!-.!=,^ii..r-.nf
    t
    proposed 132t220 kV chilime sub-station Hub and chilirne-Trishuli 220 kv rransmission
    _r.-r_.|

    Line project in an environmentally sound manner. The specific objectives


    of the siudy are:
    o to establish the physical, biological and socioeconomic & cultural baseline
    I
    conditions of the Project area;
    . to identify beneficial and adverse environmental impacis of the project during t
    - construction and operation phases;
    . to analyze the impacts in terms of the magnitude, extent dnd duration ;
    e mitigation measures for the adverse impacts and enhancement
    to suggest
    I
    '
    measures for beneficial imPacts;
    to prepare environmental management plan;
    to involve public in the decision-making process related to the
    environment; and
    I
    " to provicle information to the decision makers regarding furiher
    the environmental implications due to the developrnent of the
    action and about
    proposed project' I
    2.3 Project DescriPtion
    2.3.1 Project Location
    220kv rransmission
    t
    The propo sed 132t220 kV chilime sub-siation Hub and chilime-Trishuli
    Line Project is located in Rasuwa ancj Nuwakot District of the Bagnraii
    .Development Region,
    Zone of center
    Nryal. In total 6 VDCs namely Goljung -rir"E, Gatlang -Ic<4T5; Haku
    I
    rrTS and Manakaman -l;f6fif{T will be affected
    -EitF, Dandagau -gigl-rlrct , Thulogau -qai
    by the project. The affected VDCs are shown in Figure 5.2 t
    I
    l
    n

    I
    I
    ESSD 2-t
    NEA
    I
    lr
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    ;,..,; l; lqi f ,:i,' {".i',i Iirr rr:, li, u[]*statif'rr f-i,-th
    ;.r r i,:; /ilfif ,? 16, T i' i :i n i: i i !. 2 tr k\;" 7,,! t_ F rcj e ci f EE Re'rt*rt
    :-' i _:r"-
    ,.

    Gatfang

    :Legend
    : )r"
    ,$ AF i
    ,t
    i " J'ransmission LineAlionment I
    ;"t
    [
    L*-*.J
    | nistrict !
    i

    Prolect F,ffecieu VDCs

    I')hadi*g'
    $ubstation

    ' '" SgsU-rra


    l€

    Chilime"Trishuli 220kV Tlt


    Dandagoun Alignment
    :

    i--" -

    ' Proposed Trishuti


    $ubstation

    .'t.

    trlvaltot.. ';' ut/.*ra8


    ll 44Af
    N
    .....-.! ",-/ ffiKilometers
    Manak FJxrvaleot
    i.." ^--'...'.

    Figure 2.2: 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 220kV T/L Project
    Affected VDCs and Route Alignment

    EI9,STJ
    2-;'
    t32/220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    and Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Praject tEE freport

    2.3"? Project i{ccessib!lity


    Some sections of the 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 220kV T/t.",
    Project is accessible by Betrawati- Syprubesi highway. The initial stretch of the alignmenti
    from Chilime headwork of Rasuwa district to Trishuli 38 Hub Sub-station is accessible by '
    gravel road on the right bank and by the access road of Chilime khola. Some stretches irr
    betwgen are located at higher altitudes and are not easily accessible by roads. So, study will
    be carrieb out thought walk-over approach and the project will be implemented by upgrading
    existing trails, wherever necessary so as to transpo.rt construction materials.

    Lanrjung
    A
    nt|ry

    iligh|,Jay

    :
    <lil 6li1$
    '.!alil*$)

    , lhi'.r*koi
    I
    . Raitiir-n
    I
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    : .:.
    --.

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    .: :--:-*
    i----**
    ii lil*riiitil
    jrrrf..
    t'*'... :i
    .i .'il
    I

    Lalitpur Kavr*palanehrk

    Rarnee

    $infJhull $indhul

    5500oCI 56t000 $7,1000 $8600il $98000 6t0000 $t2000 634000 646000 $58000 6r0000

    irT*. rp:*-::Ilrffi Kil6r:ng;sr$

    $ 5i0 :0 ,30 4$

    Fig. ?.3: Proieet Aceeesibilitv ilfiap *f ehilirne-'lri*huli 220 kV Transrnission fl"ine projec;t

    i.i.'.:',:,'i:1
    z
    TE
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    ilI
    f U)
    0)

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    7

    .:y?
    -. .$
    732/22O kV Chilinre 5ub-siaiion Hub
    anrt Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L praiect iEE Report

    2.3.3 Transmission Line Route


    The proposed 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 22OkV Transmission
    Line Project starts from proposed Substation site at Thambuchei village, Goljung VDC of
    Rasuwa district. The proposed substation site is accessible by Chilime HEP road.Then the
    transmission line alignment passes over many streams, Kholsis, cultivated land, forest land
    of Gatlang, l-daku, Thulogaun, Dadagaun VDC of Rasuwa district and finally terminates to the
    proposed Trishuli 3B hub substation at Manakamana VDC of Nuwakot districi. The proposed
    26.5 km in length Transmission Line Project has been selected avoiding the settlement
    areas, inbuilt structures, religious places, schools and other community infrastructures
    v'rherever possible. Refer to Figure-S.2. The Cescription of ihe proposed route has been
    d!scussed below considering nine sections:

    Substation at Thambuchet, Goljung to Nasin Dada (AP-O to AP-8)


    This section of the proposed route primarily traverses through scattered forest area, some
    small streams and some cultivated area. The alignment starts from proposed Sub-station
    site at Thambuchet village, Goljung VDC of Rasuwa district. From the starting point, the
    alignment clirnbs up to the south west and passes over some forest area, cuitivated land
    small steams of Chilime, Goljun and Gatlan VDC of Rasuwa district and most of thern are
    accessible from Chilime HEP road. AP-O, the starting point of the route is located ai south
    west side of the proposed substation, however within the boundary of substation area.

    AP-8 to ,nP-25 (From Nasin Dacia to Gogane Foresi)


    From AP-8, the route heads to south west, passing over dense forest and Nasin Khola,
    which is the boarder line of Haku and Gatlan VDC and descends rapidly to AP-9 which is
    located on cultivated land at Hechambradada-1, Haku VDC. From /iP-9, the line passes
    over forest area and settlement of Nasin village lies on the right side of the alignment. Fronr
    AP-'10 to AP-14, the alignment passes over the cultivated land of sano Haku and Thulo Haku
    viliage. The settlement of Thulo Haku lies right and Trishuli river at the left side of ihe right of
    way. AP-14 ihe terrain is very steep; the alignment runs along the forest crossing a kholsi in
    right of way. AP-1 6, 17 and 1B are located at the cultivated iand at Haku VDC and west frorn
    foot track to Gogane village. AP-19 and AP-20 are located ai the forest land of Nepal
    Government. AP-21 , 22 and 23 are located at the cultivated land at Gogane viilage. in this
    stretch, the alignment runs through undulating forest terrain with dense trees, barren land
    and patches of bushes area. From AP-23, the alignment again runs over great sloping
    terratn with dense forest with heavy trees and goes down left bank cf Mailung River at AP-
    25. The alignment has to divert through Mailung River, which have no any accessible frorn
    ihe main road. In this segments also all the angie poings are accessible by existing track
    from Mailun Dobhan and altogether there is only one Haku VDC of Rasuwa district within
    this stretch.

    AP-25 to AP-39(From Gogane Forest to S/S, Shanti Bazarl


    From Gogane Forest (AP-25), left bank of Mailung River. ihe alignment turns south, to cross
    the Mailun River. After crossing Mailung River, the alrgnrnent passes towards Dadagau
    VDC There is no any heavy settlement around the area After AP-25 all angle pcints are
    located at the cultrvated land of public. However, from AP-27 to AP-29, ihe alignment passes
    over scattered forest with shrub area. gentty slopping terrain with maize and corn fields and
    scatiered trees All the villages aiong the alignment are accessible fronr Betrawaii-Mailung

    ESSD NEA
    2-5
    LJ./.Lv (v Lniltme 5uD_statton
    and Chilime Trishuti 22O kV
    Hub
    T/L proiect I
    IEE Report

    il3ll#;li;i:"3:,i' :
    [TiHHTJS.ii'J:]:*li:"::lr::;:[;":""':'::::,iil**','ffi ::i:,",:ifl :;
    t
    ;; !"":,:il :l,T: i,XlT* :::
    VDC, Nuwakot distrir:t :nr{ tha^
    ^^^^ t^ ,,
    Trishuli river. Finallv fhc rti^^-^^+ ^^^-
    ,
    ;"J[::,ilJiffi:^.];iiffT,H
    r

    ;'"#'T;'i" I
    :':'*fl! y :::.::,?,"J 5 "L J:J
    ,

    I ii: : : L JX;J;,5' : fl '" ffi "-; "'


    of Nuwakot district within this
    .,
    stretchl
    ct and Manakamana
    I
    2.4 Satient Features
    2.4.1 Satient F42{uros gf thc
    Tlans,-n;s-sir,- ! 1,,- f,nmnanan+^
    rhe totar rength orthe oroposed t,t,=
    ii.i t;=";;';;;;;:&
    I
    proposed transmission ievei wiii be 22o kv. rhe
    lihe will be double circuit

    The vertical double circuit configuratron


    "ompriring
    with ACsR BlsoN, cluplex.
    t
    tower will have an Av,.rA(1a hoinhr
    the standard tower base dimen"ion"
    of each tourer leg foundation/
    reduce foundation excavation
    wiil be 15 m x r.
    footing. steet tower teg ano
    , ii"r";;';iii"# ":"#::"ffi:
    body extensions wifl be utilized
    to
    I
    on slopes and provide greater tower
    security' The ruling span between
    proposed transmission line
    tower structures is 300 m. The
    is 15 meters on each side from
    foundation structural
    right of way (Row) of the
    the centerlinefrorn 220kvTL as
    I
    Resuration,2050 (1ee3). rhe transmission
    fi1jlt?ilT:'tu rine desisn features are
    siven I
    Table 2.1: The sarient features
    of the Transmission Line components
    Description
    132t220 kv c
    Name of project
    9!t1lu- Trishuli 220 kV TL project t
    Affected VDCs Goljung ri*^]S, Gaflang rtcarg:, Haku _Fq,
    Dandagau -skTrTi-g, Thulogau _aat .rrts

    Number of angle poinis


    Ma na kam a n a -rf;I-dl-iFII "n-d
    I
    132t220KV
    Type of circuit
    Length of TL
    Double circuit
    Approximately 26.5Km
    t
    Average 300 m
    t ower type urcsr Ldr.uue J(ruc{ure, sell supported
    (DA, DB,
    DC, DD)
    9 Tower Height
    42.45m M
    10 I ower Foundation Area
    ___
    - (approx. ave
    iSrn
    11 Conductor -_-
    t1 xtgnt of way
    ru
    tvlntmum Clearance
    ACER Ei
    30m __J
    13

    14
    ground

    Minimr
    mum nlaara^^^ for
    th.r clearance r^
    with
    Bm
    :
    i
    I
    road
    - I
    I
    L)2/22C kV Chilirne Sub-staticrr Hup
    and Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project IFF Rpnnrl

    I river crossing lines and other


    utilities
    Project construction period | 24 months
    to j Estimated Project Cost i USD 30 million
    1a
    tt Kfl/V, GoN and NEA

    2-4.2 Project Features of Sub-station Hub Cornponents


    The proposed 1321220 kV Chilime sub-siation hub siie is in proximity to the all expected
    hydroelectric project (HEPs) now under construciion or planned to construct in near future.
    As this site for the substation lies parallel to the river, in oiher word it is the situated on the
    right bank of the Chilime river need some protection work. The proposed substation site is
    shown overlaying in land use map (Refer Fig 2.2).

    The main components of the 132/22OkV Chilime sub-station Hub Project includes:
    (a) Construction of seven nos. 2201132111 kV, 33.33 MVA single phase power
    transformer.
    (b) Ccnstruction of 220 kV , 132 kV and 33 kV switchgears.
    (c) Construction of 22OkV, 132 kV and 33 kV bus bar, condtruction of staff quafter,
    control buildinq and miscellaneous civil works.

    Power evacaution scheme of proposed projects in the Chilime and Trishuli river basin frorn
    ihe prcposed Chilinre l'lub Substation Projeot ls shc,"^,,n by a single line Ciagrarn inFig22.

    As per lnternational Standard the following safety working ciearances shall be ,.naintained fcr
    the bare conductors and live parts of any apparatus in the proposed sub-station. An earthed
    system ccmprising of an eadhing mat buried at a suitable depth below ground and
    supplemented with ground rods at suitable points is provided in the Sub Siations.

    The Power Transformer shall conform io the latest edition of the appropriate IEC
    specifications and/or other recognized inter-national standards.

    (a) System electrical piarneters


    Rated service voltage: 2201132133111 kV
    Highest system voltage. 2451145136112 kV
    lmpulse voltage withsiand level. 950/650117 017 skV
    Number of phase: 3
    Frequency. 50 Hz

    (b) Clirnatic conditions


    All plant and equipment shall be entirely suitable for the climatic condiiions prevailing at site.
    Between June and August low-lying areas are subjeci to flooding. All structures designed
    wiih the seismrc factor of 0.15 g. Atmospheric pcllution is lour and special insulator design or
    washing is not considered

    i\rlax ambient shade te,-nperature 450C


    Mrn ambrent shacje ternperature: OoC

    .trJ5' 11 I{EA
    L32/22O kV Chilime Sub-station Hub T
    a nd Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project IEE Report

    Annual average temperature: 32uC


    Max wind velocity (10 min average gust speed): 33 m/sec
    I
    Rainfall: 1.000 mm/annum
    Monsoon season: June August T
    Relative humidity: max. 1 00o/o, min. 20%
    Altitude: '1500 MASL . No ice or snow expected
    I
    (C) Technical Particulars of 2201132111 kV Power Transformers
    Rated capacity: 50 MVA
    Quantity requtred: / nos.
    I
    Type: Outdoor, Oil-immersed
    Type of cooling. O|.JA.I.J/OI.JAF
    Numbei'of phase: 'l
    I
    Number of winding: 3
    lVlaximum voltage:
    - Primary 245 kV
    I
    - Secondary 145 kV
    - Tertiary 12 kV t
    The proposed Chilime Hub subsation design features are given in Ts[;s below

    Table 2.2 Salient Features of the Chilime Sub-station Hub Components


    I
    Features Description
    General t
    Project Chilime Hub Substation
    Development region Central Development
    Region
    I
    Zone
    District
    Bagmati
    Rasuwa I
    VDC Goljung
    4
    I Rated capacity 50 MVA I
    2
    3
    Quantity required
    Type
    Seven (7) nos.
    Outdoor. Oil-immersed
    I
    4 Type of cooling ONAN/ONAF
    5 Temperature rise above 40 degree C ambient
    wr I ryvr u!ur v
    t
    a) In oil by thermometer 50 degree C
    b) In winding by resistance 55 degree C ffi
    D Number of phase 1 (one)
    7 Number of windino 3 (three)
    a
    U Maximum voltage (line to line) ffii
    a) Primary 245 kV
    b) Secondary
    c) Tertiary
    145 kV
    12 kV
    I
    I Rated Voltage (line to line)
    I
    ,BSSD
    2-8
    NEA
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chiiinre 5ub-;ration Hub
    and Chilime f rlshuli 220 kV T/L project
    IEE Repcrt

    I a) Primary 220 kv
    b) Secondary i rgz t<v
    I c) Ter-tiary I 11kV
    I Insulation level of winding
    i a) Basic impuise level as per tEC 76 I

    -rPrimary
    - Secondary
    r oSO kv tcre+ ------
    650 kV (crest) I

    - Teriiary 75
    I kV (crest)
    b) Power frequency induced over voi-,age 11
    minute)

    Secondary
    - Tertiary 28 KV
    Connections
    Primary
    - Secondary
    - Tertiary I Delia
    Vector group reference Ynynd
    Type of tap changer
    1A
    On - load
    t.+ Taps setting
    t3 Number of taps
    ivieiho,i cf tap changer- coi-rii-oi
    Mechanical local
    - Electrical local
    - Electrical remote
    "MASTER-FOLLOWER-tNDEpENDENT,, and
    j Yes
    ''AUTO
    -MANUAL" selection
    ,, Percent impedance voltage at rated MVA and 75
    or\ i ,lZ% (at normal tap)
    I
    I

    18 | System grounding
    - Primary Solidly groundeci
    - Secondary Solidly grounded
    - Tertiary
    Terminals & CT
    - Primary Required
    - Secondary Required
    - Tertiary Required
    Bushing Current Transformers
    a) Number of core & current ratio 2 core & required as
    (HV Phase & Neutral)
    b) Number of core & current ratio 2 core & requirec.i as
    (LV Phase & Neuiral) per rating
    j c) Accuracy class SP2C/PS class I

    i D) Burden of CT (HV/LV) | 15t15

    ESSD
    2-9 /VE/
    L32/220 kV Chiiime 5ub-siation Hub
    and Chilime Trishtrli 220 kV T/L project
    t
    IEE Report

    2.5 Project drea Delineation


    The project area for the IEE of the proposed project is defined as the area for the
    I
    construction of a 22O kV transmission line alignment, 132l22}lkv Substation as well as the
    area that will be impacted due to the ccnstruction and operaiion of the project. This area
    includes 6 VDCs of 2 districts. Out of these 6 VDCs, 5 are iocated in Rasuwa district and .i
    I
    VDC of Nuwakot District. The projeqt area does not lie in ihe national park, wildlife reserve,
    buffer zone, conservation area, historically and archaeologically important sites and or T
    environmentally sensitive/ fragile areas. The study area is divided into two parts on the basis
    of the nroximitv and maonitucje of imoacts
    t
    2.5.1 Core Project Area
    The "Core Project Area" consisis of the 30 m Right-of-Way (RoW), encompassing 15 m o1
    each stde of the aitgnment measured from its center iine. The nearest settiement from the
    t
    transmission line alignment and area occupied by the subsiations are also considered as the
    core area. This area is also defined as the "direct impact zone". According io Electricity
    Rules-2050 ( 1993), lf it is necessary to install electric line of more than 33,000 volts, it shall
    I
    have to be done by adding 0.305 meter for each 33,000 volts on the distance as prescribed
    for 33,000 volts in Artticle 48, Schedule-12. I
    2.5.2 Surrounding Area
    The term "surrounding Area" indicates a greater area, which will direcily or indirecily get
    I
    influenced by the construction and operation of the project. This area includes ail alignment
    encompassing VDCs of 2 districts excluding areas mentioned under core proiecl area. This
    area is alsc defineC as the "indirect imoact zone".
    I
    The term "project" indicates lhe 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chitime Trishuli
    22O kV transmission line and "Area" refers to the core project area and the suri.ounding area.
    I
    The term "project area" is also referred to as the study area forthe lEE.
    I
    2.6 Construction Planning
    The implementation of the proposed project comprises construciion of a new ZZOkV
    transmission line. lt colnprised of foundation and erection of transmission towers. wire
    t
    stringing, testing and cornmissiorring of 22OkV transmission line with sub-station. The
    estimated years of project completion is two years. I
    2.6.1 Tower Foundation
    The construction of tower foundation will be undertaken by manual labor assisted by the
    mechanical piant wherever possible. The Mechanical plant will be limited to srnall
    I
    demountable steel kids framed concrete mixers, air compressors, air drills/ chisels and
    tampingicompaction tools. ffi

    Excavation and the concreting of the tower foundations will be carried out as per the design
    requirernenis and after necessary curing, the foundaiions will be backfilled with suitable ry
    rnaterial.

    2.6.2 Erection of Galvanized Steet Towers


    I
    Galvanized steel lattice towers manufactured in the factory will be transponed to ine
    individual tower locations and are erecteo rnanually by empioying pulleys, wenches, etc. rnto I
    2-10
    Ai-6lA I
    I
    L32/22O kV Chilime Sub-staiion Hub
    and Chilirn;: Trishuli 220 kV T/L proiect !trF Renart

    ihe tower foundations.

    2-6.3Insulator Fittings, conductor and Ground vr/ire stringing


    Conducicrs' OPGW, ground wires, insulatcrs and necessary accessories will
    be transported
    manually tc the tower iocations. The fitting of insulators on rne tower will be
    carried oui
    manually. S.tringing of conductors. OPGW and EHS lryire will be carried out urrth
    the help of
    iensione;-s and bther pulling cievices as per ihe design requirements.

    2.6.4 Transportation
    Primary site access for the project construction will be gained frcrn the pasang
    Lhyamu
    highway, Syaprubeshi-Chilirne HEP road and Betrawati-Mailung road. No permanent
    access
    roads will be constructed to tower sites frcm existing road. Existing feeder
    roads and tracks
    will be used for construction and maintenance where available. The ccnsiruction
    material up
    to the nearest road head will be carried out through vehicle and latter it will be transported
    manually up to the individual tower location.

    2.6.5 Spoil Dumping Site


    Since the construction of transmission line iovvers requires clearing and
    excavation of fairly
    small areas at tower locations, construction work will not require spoil dumping
    sites. The
    spoil will be filled up and compacted in the tower base area. Similarly, sporl generated
    from
    the substation construction will be used to ihe switchyard location where borrowed earth
    rnaterials have to be filled and compacted for the site grading

    2.6.6 Construction Materials


    The materials required for civil construction works related to the transrnission line and
    substation will be:
    , Sieel reinforcement
    " Cement
    " Coarse aggregate
    ' Fine aggregates (sand)
    Sieel reinforcing bar. cement can be acquired from local manufacturers or can also be
    "ni will be produced
    imported- Coarse aggregates at site from excavated materials or purchased
    from the nearby market. Likewise, fine aggregates will be collected from major quarries
    along riverbanks, the excavated foundation material can be used as a backfill
    rnaterial
    required for the foundation construction

    2.6.7 Employrnent
    Local people, those are affected by the project implementation, will be encouraged
    for
    employment As far as possible, local semi skilied and unskilied labor will
    be used for
    construction activities and transportation of materials. Aitcgether about 300 pecple
    will be
    employed during the construction of the prolect. which includes 20C unskilled,
    50 semi
    skilled and 50 skilled manpower.

    ES.SD
    Z'\l
    1'32/22O kV Chilime 5ub-station Hub
    I
    and Chilime Trishuli 22A kV T/L Project IEE Report

    Table 2.3: Manpower Requirement for the Project


    I
    Availability
    S.N. Qualification Expertise No. in local
    area
    I
    Electrical Engineer 4 1

    Civil Engineer 1

    Contract Specialist 1

    4
    1 Skilled Environmental Specialist I

    (\^^:^t ra^..^r^--^-r ll
    I
    rrtrt,lAl l r-VCltrtrlllel
    ll
    Sner:ieliqf

    ?
    I
    I
    2 Serni Skilled Site Supervisor (Civil) I

    Other 43 10
    3 Unskilled Labour 200 150
    Total 300 169
    I
    2.7 Project lmplementation
    The estimated completion period of the project is 2 years. (Table 2.4).The construction work
    of transmission line will primarily be carried out during the dry season when grounci
    conditions are essentially dry and river flows low to allow easy movement of materials and
    construction of towers. Construction activities during the monsoon season will primarily be
    restricted to stringing of conductors, although this activity may also be restricted by the
    weather. However, the construction work of the substation will be conducted ihroughout the I
    year.

    2.8 Land Take


    The project will require 84.556 ha land for the placement of tower pads, substation, camps,
    RoW of the transmission line and temporary facilities. Out of this, 5.518 ha land will be
    acquired permanently ar+d 79.038 ha will be used temporarily. The total number of angle
    'towers will be 40, where one angle tower (AP-O) is erected on substation area and an angle
    towerwill typically require an area of 15m x 15 m. Considering this areaa total of 0.878 ha
    will be acquired permanently for construction of 39 tower pads. The substation will acquire
    4.64 ha area.
    I
    ine permanenr rano taKe conststs or s.zou na eT Tne agncutlural lano, v.2r+6 na iorest area
    and 0.113 ha other land uses. The temporary land-take consists of 34.497 ha of cultivated
    land, 40.608 ha forest and 3.933 ha of other land utilities. The summary of the land-take and
    land-use are given in the table 2.5.

    I
    ESSD
    2-12
    NEA I
    I
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    I or ci

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    l
    :

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    II
    i6iFl Er
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    I c:Yl I ;lal
    rol i sr@ q | 9lhl
    ii I sl ;t Eii,l;=i$ lf
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    Ei -El
    l{t*l
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    El
    o 6lgi;li siil
    il El olu
    q
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    L-l
    .glElEl! sl 9l

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    ;i .ut,it
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    I :r ol -lvl4 ul;l
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    >l -i .?l -.1 oi
    ilFslgsl: , ^t
    -t -t 3i
    =l -! :-
    t32/22O kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    I
    and Ch!lime Trishuli 22O kV T/L Project IEE Report

    I
    Table-2.5 Land-use of the Land-take

    SN
    Type of land
    Land-use
    River/
    Total Area,
    ha
    I
    take Cultivated Forest Area, Barren &
    Area, ha. ha. ctiff Rivulet
    4.64
    1 Sub-station 277
    z
    a
    Row
    Tower Pads
    34.047
    n 61R
    40.608
    n)aR
    2.703
    , n11?
    1.23 78.588
    n n7R I
    4 Camps 045 0.45
    Total
    Source: Field Survev 2014
    37.785 40.856 I 2.816 1.23 84.556
    I
    2.9. Project Objective
    The main objective of the Chilime Trishuli 22O kV Transmission Line Project is to evacuate
    the Electric Power generated from the hydropower projects in the Chilime and Trishuli river
    basins and to connect these HPPs to Integrated Nepal Power System (INPS). For this
    purpose, a GIS substation will be constructed at Chilime Hub and. the power connected to
    I
    this substation is evacuated by double circuit 220 kV transmission line to Trishuli 38 HUB
    where a new AIS substaion will be constructed, additional power generated from lower I
    Trishuli river basin and other small rivers nearby will also be connected to the Trishuli 3B
    HUB at Manakanrana, Nuwakot and then it is Transmitted to the main Load Centre, Ceniral
    Zone through Manakamana-Matatirtha 220 kV Transimission line.
    I
    Trishuli basin is one of the basins having high hydro electric potential. At present, power
    generation in this area is lirnited to NEA owned Hydro power plants: Trishuli (24MW) and
    I
    Devighat (14MW) and Chilime Hydro Power Plant (22MW) ownded by Chilime Hydro Power
    Company Ltd. However, in the upper Trishuli valley, a significant numer of hydro power
    porjects are under development by NEA and other lPPs. Hydropower projects under
    I
    different phase of construction having connection agreement done and in the process of
    connection are listed below in table 2.6.
    Table 2.6: Connection Agreements
    I
    Chilime Hub
    C o n ne ction Ag ree m e nt Com pleted
    I
    Developer Capacity Voltage
    (MW) Level
    I

    I
    Khola
    z Salusange Power Super Sanjen 7B 132 T
    HPP
    Sanjen jalvidyut Company Limited Sanjen 14.6 132
    (Upper,l
    4 Sanjen jalvidyut Company Limited Sanjen 42.5 132
    Rasuwagadi HCL Rasuwagadhi 111 .132
    Sub Total I 256.1
    Additicnal Power Plants to be evacuated at Chilime Hub in process of connection i

    agreement I

    ESSD
    1,32/22O kV Chilime 5uc-sration Hub
    ano Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L project
    IEE Report

    Developer Project Capacity Voltage


    (Mw) Level
    Bhotekoshi HPP lJz
    Chilime Bhotekoshi HPP lJz
    149
    Total Power to be evacuated from Chilite Hub 405.1
    Trishuli 38 Hub
    Con nection Ag reeme nt Completed
    Developer Project j Capacity Voltage
    (MW) Level
    I Nepal Water and Energy Development I lnnor zto 220
    i Co. Ltd. Trishuli 1
    Sub Total
    Additional Power Plants to be evacuatedi Ch'tlirrie Hub nffi
    agreemenl
    Molina Power Ltd Upper 143 132
    I

    lVlailung I
    J

    Bet.rawati Hydro Electric Cornpany pvt. Falankhu I 1/


    Ltd.
    Ankhu Hydro Power Pvt. Ltd. tJt
    Trishuli Jalvidyut Company Ltd. l nsnult Ju tJt
    Nepal Electricity Authority Trichr rli ?A t3z i

    Sub Total
    1 Nyam Nyarn Hydropower Company Pvt. NJyam Nyam ??
    Ltd. Khola
    ;z Rasuwa Hydro Power Pvt. Ltd. Falankhu
    Khola
    Energy Engineering Pvt. Ltd. Upper
    Mailung "A" I

    Sub Total
    Total Power to be-evacuated trom Cfritirne HuU

    2. f 0 significance Double circuit 22okv rransmission Line


    The total capacity of Hydropwer Projects which have commited connection agreement to
    Substation at Chilime is 256.1 MW. In addition io it, anothertwo hydropwer projects
    are also
    in the process of connection agreement having altogeiher power generatton of j49 MW. In
    this regard, it is certain that above 405.1 MW of power has to be transmitted to the Trishuli
    38 Hub through the double circuit 22okv transmission line svstem.

    For the transmission line, twin ACSR Bison Conductor has been proposed for the
    transrnission. Single Circuit of 220 kV iine having Twin Bison conductor has capacity
    to
    transrnit 327 MvA (327-0.8 = 261.6 MW) of energy. So to evacuaie all the pov/er (405.9
    MW) generated at Upper Trishuli Basin connected io the substation at Chilime
    Hub, a double
    circuit line is required. Another advantage of d'ouble circuii line is it can supply the power
    partially even when any one of the circuits has fault.

    E-S.SD
    2-r5
    1.i2/220 kV Chiline Sub-staticn Hub
    t
    and Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect

    CHAPTER-III
    IEE Report
    I
    3.0 General
    STUDY METHODOLOGY
    I
    The IEE process follows the Environrnent Protection Rules 1997, and its amendrnents 200g
    (2065/1 1126)'and National EtA Guidelines 1993.This IEE report is prepared in accordance t
    with the legal requirements of GoN, based on approved ToR (Annex-ll), field study,
    consultation with local people/stakeholders and officials.
    I
    2 4I vEJl\
    e. n^^1. e+..1.. Crllu
    ^^l l:+^--c,,-^
    l-ltrtlcrLtllE D^..:^..-

    t
    ettsuj t\CVlgVY
    While carrying out the lEE, literature, review on topograohic maps, land use maps, CBS
    ilt-lb!!cat!ons. irrc-icct tcchnica! i'cloi'ts and cthei' tians:-nission line p.i:ieci ia!ai=,j
    environmental reports have been extensively carried out.

    The following documents which were considered to be relevant for the study were reviewed:
    I
    . 1:25,000 scale topographical maps prepared by the Departrnent of Survey, GoN.
    o 1.100000 scale district map of Rasuwa and Nurarakot Districts
    . Survey Report of Chilime-Trishuli 22O kV TL project prepared by Engineering
    Services, Project Development Department, NEA
    . Initial Environmental Examination Reporl of Koshi corriodor 400 kV Transmission
    Line, Rahughat-Modi 132 kV T/L and Dumre-Dam auli 132 kV T/L projects.
    " Terms of Reference of 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime Trishuli 220
    kV Transmission line project.
    I
    o Regional Geological Maps and previous geological reports of the Nepal
    n Population Census, Central Bureau of Statistics, GoN/ Nepal, 2011.
    o District Profile of Affected District, District Information Centre.
    I
    . Profiles of Concerned VDCs.
    " Forest Act, 2049, & Forest Regulation,2051
    t
    . Guidelines for Community Forestry Development Program, 2009
    ' Google Earth, the online software for verifying the TRL alignment. T
    On the basis of the reviewed information with respect to the project, data gaps were
    identified and the methodology described in following sections of this chapter was developed
    to collect other relevant information required for IEE study.

    3.2 Data Requirement. collection rnethods and analvsis


    3.2.1 PhysicalEnvironment
    3.2.1.1 Data requirement and collection rnethods
    ffi
    The following data were collected during the IEE study.
    . Meteorological data: Maxirnum and Minimum Temperature and rainfall of the project
    area, ry
    ' Topographical data: Altitude and landscape
    .
    ;
    Air, viater and noise quality of the project area
    Physical setting: Physiographic location, i"iver system, etc. of the project area I
    " Geological data: Rock type, soil type, slope stability, erosion landslides, etc. of the
    project area
    I
    I
    ESSD NEA

    I
    132/220 kV Chitime SuLt-st,r11st1 t-tr5
    and Chilime - Trishuli 22A kV Transmission Iine project
    IEE Report

    " Spoil materials: Total voluime, volurne to be used for construction.


    )t-
    dispcsal volunre.

    ' Significant crossings along the alignment


    n Land use pattern of the project area.

    The following methodology has bebn used to colleci ihe baseline


    environmenfal
    data on each
    domain:
    . Collection of secondary data and review
    ' Field survey and investigation by the team of experts
    " Observation
    " Expert's judgments
    " Checklist and households'survey
    " Public/stakeholders consultation through group meetings/key
    person interview
    ' lmpact assessment

    An intensive field investigatibn from Bs 2o71/03123 to BS 2071104/06


    along the proposed
    alignment was conducted to collect information on
    existing physical environment. During ihe
    field visii inspection of site condition of the angle pointsind'othrer
    cltilar areas along the
    transmission line were done' Documents and other relevant
    literature were collected and
    reviewed.

    The cJata on climate (ternperature, rainfall, and moisiur-e)


    was coiiectecj ihror,rgh secondary
    source; District Pr-ofile of Nepal, 200712008 The data on
    air, noise and lvater qualiiy of ihe
    area has been collected through observation by subject
    exper-t durinE siie visit.. Geogi-aphic
    and geblogical data. such as topcgraphy, rock type and
    soil type, stability of the Angle Tower
    locations, soil erosion and other key environmental
    features were investigated and obtained
    from the Regional Geological Maps and previous geological
    reports of the Nepal and by
    general observation- Physical settings, land-use pattern
    and significant crossings were
    adopted from topographical maps and detail plan and profile
    of the alignment.

    The type of land use and area calculation has been prepared
    with reference to the
    t-opographical maps, sri"y report provided by the
    survey Department with field
    verifications' The obtained data of land-use pattern, river
    systern and significant crossings
    along the alignment from the review of the topographical
    maps and pian and profile of the
    alignment has further been verified at site. similarly, the
    numbers of structures under Row,
    at substations area and near angle points were determined with
    the help of the plan and
    profile of the Finar survey Report with verifications
    at site.

    During the field visit the data on occurrences of slides


    and other information related to the
    physical environment were gathered by observation,
    group discussion and inqurrrng the local
    people.

    3.2.1.2 Data Analysis


    The collected data from the field visit.r,.ras analyzed by the
    study team in coordination with
    the Projeci Engineers and experts. The beneficral ancl adverse
    irnpacts have been predicted
    and appropriate mitigation measures propcsed to reduce
    the impacts

    1-)
    NEA
    I
    132/220 kt/ Chiliniz Sub-stotion Hub
    qnd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line proiect IEE Report
    I
    3.2.2 Bioiogical Environment
    3-2.2.1 Data Requirement and Collection Methods
    Data and hforrnation collected cn biolcgical environment of project area during fielC study
    included occurrence of flora and fauna including avi-fauna, wildlife habitat, endangered,
    threatened or rare species as listed by governmeni cf Nepal, plant resource use pattern, etc.
    .,
    I
    The proposed alignment and the substation were visited by the Environmental and Forestry
    e^l-/er!e
    ^\r^^d^
    +^
    !v vvileer
    ^^ll^^l h^^^1,..^
    vaosillrc :-t^---^a;^-
    ililurrrrduurr ---l
    drt(J
    J-..:.--.-
    lL.r tiltpdut -t:_r:-.-
    plgu:uttuil.
    _.-__ ....
    f\pptu^tilldl,ci
    _r
    ltulltut:l illtu
    t
    types of pianis iikeiy io be affecied by ihe pr'r-rjeui were icjerriifieci.

    Sirnl!arlyi. oacurrence an.C.Cist:'ibuiicn p:tiein rf .".hi-t.;bi .;:i.j h;li;:..:.ij--Li*:..-i.;;:ii;iL,i,- ii; .ii;j


    around the sample plots and along the route alignrnent were recorded.

    Based on ihis information, density, relative dominance, basal area, relative basal area,
    relative dominance and wood volume were calculated. In this repor't, trees having more than
    30 crn diameter at breast height (dbh) are referred as tree sized, trees having 10 to 29.9 cm
    dbh are referred as pole sized, trees having 4 0 to 9.9 cm dbh are considered as saplings
    and havihg less than 4.0 cm dbh are considered as seedlings (Forest Rule 2051). Diameter
    at breast height was rneasured at 1.3 meter fronr the ground level. I
    Interaction and Group Discussion with Forest User Groups
    Similarly, meetings, interviews and discussions were held with the members of Community
    Forest User's Groups, local peoples, officials of concerned District Forest Office and Range
    Posts to collect information on the availability of flora & fauna, Cependency of local people
    on forest resources, availabilitv of Non-Timber Forest products etc.
    t
    During the group meetings and discussions, participants were introduced about the project
    features, potential impact on the environment, various miiigation and enhancement
    I
    measures likely to be adopted during construction and operation phase of the project. The
    issues raised during rneetings were discussed and recorded.(Annex-Vll)

    3.2.2.2Data Analysis
    Forest Sampling
    I
    Sampling of the forest was done considering the representation of all kinds of trees in the
    project site. 5 different sampling plots of 20rnx20m quadrates along ihe alignment were
    rry'r1'Y. rrr vqvrr yrvr (r9s JPgvrcJ rravilrv rrtvlg ulolt T lltt,tt Yvctc: rtlE;llUllE:u,
    \uutt,l
    ccuntered and measured for diameter at breast height (dbh) for calculation of wood volume.
    Regeneration (sampling) was determined by plotting of quadrate of 5mx5m with in the same
    quadrates. Trees having less than 4 inch were considered as sampling for regeneration
    count. Canopy cover of each tree species was determined through visual observation. The
    data from forest sampling were quantiiatively analyzed for frequency, density, basal area, @
    crown coverage, relative dominance, importance value index (lVl) and estimated wood
    volume. The aforementioned parameters v'rere calculated by using ihe following formula.
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sttb-stctticn Hub
    onC Chilime - Trishttli 220 kV Tronsntission line prol:ct
    ItrF Ponn.,

    Total number of plois in which the species occurred


    Frequency (F)%=
    x 100
    Total number of plots sampled

    Nc. of individuals cf a species


    Density (D)/Hectare = x 10,000
    Size of the plot X Total no. of plots sampled

    The basal area is the trunk cross sectiona I area. The basal area
    oi each of the forest
    component was calculated on the basis cf diameter at
    breast heiqht.

    Basal Area (BA) - fl r2=3.14(dbhl2)2

    Frequency of individual species


    Relative Frequency (Rf; = X100
    Frequency of aii species

    Density of individual species


    Relative Density (RD) = X 100
    Density of all species

    Total basal area of particular species


    Relative Dominance (R dom; = x 100
    Total basal area of all species

    The important value of index (lvl) of the sample plots is calculated


    by using the following
    formula:

    lVl =RF+RD+Rdorn

    Standing wocd volume olstanding tree was calculated by using


    the following forrnula:
    Wood volume = 112 x Basal area x Height
    or,
    16
    The green weight biomass has been calculated by referring
    the "Green weight Biomass and
    Volume Table ".

    The total biomass was taken obtained by adding the green weight
    of stem, foliage and
    branch for each tree of individual species corresptnding to
    their diameter at breast height.
    The valuation of standing biomass has been calculated as per
    the Forest Act,2o4g.
    Moreover, the loss of forest species, iis type, volume and number-
    of trees to be cut, etc has
    been id-'ntified and carcurated as per the format given by the
    Ministry of Energy.

    --
    E>5IJ
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stetion Hub
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    and Chilime - Trishuli 22O kV Tronsmission line proiect

    3.2.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment


    IEE Report
    I
    3.2.3.1 Data requirernent and collection method

    The following iypes of Cata are acquired for IEE study:


    I
    " Socio-eccnomic survey of project affected householCs whose land and house will be
    permanvantly acquired. lnformation on livelihocd and proper-ty has
    also conducted;
    T
    r Dernographic characteristics: Population distributicn. r-nigration pattern, age grcup
    distribution, etc;
    " Ethnicity and religion;
    I
    " Education and skill level: literacy rates, skills and skiiled, manpcwer, etc.;
    ' Heaiih and saniiaiion: information on sub-health post/healtir post, irospitals, mairr
    ciisease, incicience of water born ciisease anci infeciious ciisease such as HiVlHiDS,
    I
    . Gender, children, the elderly, poor and ethnic minorities,
    " Land holding size and ownership I
    " Community infrastructures and service. drinking water, supply, irrigation, foot trails,
    transportation, electricity, telecommunication. etc:
    T
    ' Local institution and activities: government and non-government agencres, cooperatives,
    com.munity based organizations;
    " Other development activities;
    . Cropping pattern, practices and prcduction;
    I
    . Livestock raising;
    ' Estimation of loss of standing crops due to project construction, by crop type area and
    value.
    I
    " Local price information:.land, agriculture and forest products, etc;
    ' Economy: occupation, employment, agriculture and livestock production, non-tirnber
    I
    forest products, trade and commerce, etc.;
    ' Land ownership: list of landowners likely to be affected by land acquisition and T
    resettlement;
    . Income and expenditure of the project Affected Families (pAFs);
    ' Measurement and valuation of houses, cowsheds and other structures to be acquired by
    the project; -
    I
    ' Compensation rates for land, agriculture products, forest, houses and other private
    infrastructures; and I
    ' Places of cultural importance; historic, religious or cultural sites in the prolect affected
    area and the special occasions of celebrations/gathering, including the relative
    tmponance oi rnese sttes (tocat, regtonat or nalonat);
    . Aesthetic value of the affected landscape;
    . Attitude of the local people to the development and to this project;
    . Cultural practices of the project area; and
    t
    . Religion wise population of the project area.
    ru
    The socio-economic and cultural environmental survey of the people residing in the project
    affected area as defined in this section was carried out by using the methodology described
    in the following chronological order. Secondary data published by Disirict Development I
    Committee of the concerned districis ancj Central Bureau of Staiisiics, Kathmandu was
    intensively used to draw the baseline infcrmation cf mcderate anc low impact zones. I
    I
    l-32/220 kV Chilim: Sub-stoticrt Hub
    ctnd Chilime -Trisliuli 22A kV Tronsmissioti line project IEE Report

    Howevei', the baseline informaiion of high impact zone was collected from the field survey by
    using ihe approoriate techniques as meniioned in the subsequeni sections.

    Literature Review
    Based cn orevious experiences and ihe revievnr of relevant literature asscciated r,rriih IEE
    studies cf vgricus transmission line projects, demographic tables wei-e deveioped. To fill
    these iables, a' desk study was conciucted in the office. All ihe relevant information
    associaied with socio-economic and culiural environment uras reviewed. On the basis of ihe
    reviewed information, data gaps lvere identified and the following techniques were used to
    generate tiie remaining data.

    ldentification of PAFs and SpAFs


    The land o\/ners of the Angle Towers/substation and the land owners/structure owners of
    the high impact zone have been identified. These identified families were consrdered as
    Project Affected Families (PAFs). ln addition, the families losing their residence irrespective
    of their land holding size and other off farm inccrne and the families loslng more than 50% of
    land were identified as seriously pr-oject Affected Families (spAFs).

    Data Coiiection Tools


    After identificatron of PAFs, iheir baseline information was collected by using the following
    techniques. Households' Survey, Key lnforrnant Survey, Focus Group Discussion,
    Obs--nration, and Photographs.

    a) Households'survey
    Pre-tested questionnaires vrrere designed and applied by a trained team of enunrerators io
    solicit information from project affected families. Households' survey was conducted only for
    project affected families belonging to angle towers and structures faliing in right of way.
    Altogether, 30 questionnaires were filled The land owners belonging io tower points and
    substation area were identified through walkover survey and survey repoft and lrence socio-
    economic status of them has been studied using questionnaires. Households' survey of
    landowners belonging to-Right of Way was not conducted in this stage. lt wili be finaiized
    during detail design and check survey of the transmission line route.

    The questionnaire has been designed especially to cover the sectors like demographic
    characteristics, basic health conditions, incorne and expenditure. availabiiity of inirasiructure
    facilities, water and energy related issues, information about project, atritude iowards
    resettlement and expectations from the projeci.

    ES.SD
    NEA
    t
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stoticn Hub
    qnd Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsrr'ission !ine Froiect IEE Report
    I
    d) Observition
    Observation of the project site was made to obtain information on different socio-economic I
    ancj cultural'activities of the impact area. Religious and archaeological sites of the impact
    area \/ere identified to assess the impact cn these sites within the high, moderaie and low
    impact zonesf At,the end of each day nctes were written about the observations and a field
    t
    diary was maintained. Project photographs were also taken during field investigaticn.

    e) Pubiic Panicipation
    I
    Pubhc participatron and interaction programmes were icne in cjinereni VDC onices anci
    public places to collect the concei'ns /issues regarcling the proposed 13?1220 kV Chilime
    .^-.,:-
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    I
    The participants were requested to express their opinions as well as they were informed I
    regarding the project and its activities. Information such as project purpose, project type,
    impact area, likely impacts and potential opportunities due to project implementation were
    provided]o ,n" people during the consultation.
    I
    The key issues and concerns raised by the local people are related to compensation,
    employment, implementaiion of mitigation and enhancement measures and cornmunity
    I
    par.ticipation in the project activities. The key issues/concern raised by the local people
    during community consultaiions are surnmarized in Annex-Vll. I
    3.2.3.2 Data analysis
    The field data from each project affected VDCs were compiled edited and analyzed
    Kathmandu using windows software like WORD and EXCEL. The analyzed data were then
    in I
    interpreted and discussed in appropriate sections of the IEE report.
    T
    3.3 lmpact ldentification, Evaluation and Prediction
    A logical, simple and systematic approach has been adopted for impact identification,
    evaluation and prediction. The impact has been identified for physical, biological, socio-
    I
    'economic, and cultural environment of the project area. The following tools have been used
    for irnpact identification:
    " VDC Checklist'
    I
    "
    "
    HcuseholdsQuestionnaire
    Table format for loss of land, crop production and property of the project affected I
    farnrlres
    . Expert's judgment
    m
    Topographic map of the route alignment has been used in predicting the impacts of the
    proposed T/L by analyzing the effect of project activities on the resources like existing ry
    infrastructures, rivers/rivulets, settlements, private land, forest, etc present in the location.
    The expert's judgment using past experiences of .similar type of projeCts have been usecj to
    predict impacts. Wherever possible, impact predictions have been done quantitatively. I
    Field inventories before project implementation provide the baseline condition of rescurces
    The assessment of irnpacts is based on ihe baseiine environmenial condiiions of the II
    ESSD 3-8

    I
    I
    '132/2.20 kt/ thiJime Sub-station Hub
    ctnd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmissioi'y line Proiect t;; ftetJvtt .

    Picture 3.1 (a) and (b) : Household Survey


    b) Key informant suruey
    Key infcrmant survey was employed during the field visit to gather inforrnation on socir:.
    econornic and cultural activities. Two sets of checklists were used for key informant $urveli.
    The VDC level checklist was designed to cslleci information on basic demographic anci
    migraiion patierns. food sr-rfficiency and cropping paiterns, exisienee o'f, ueer'i:
    group/commitiees, public facilities and infrastructure, labour force availabiliiy, exisienee oi
    archaeciiogicai ancl religious siies ancl the existenee of disadvantaged groups and ethnic:
    rninorities. Similarly, eheckiist belonging to agrieulture sector was designed ic eolleci the
    price raie of various agricultural commoclity and consiruction materials rate irr tlie projec!
    affected VDCs.

    c) Focus Gn<aup $frsausstora


    Group discussions wei"e organizecl in sorne of the projec't a'ffectecl r/DCs/cornrnunii:y foresl
    'isers' groltps t': give special stteniirJn i* issues concerning specific targei groupls gueir ar,
    vvornen, chiidren and farmers. Local people, politieal leadeis,'leacher,s ancl *ther intelleciLral.,:
    were aiso inclucled irt the discussion. ln<3igenous and tribal eomrnuniries. d;rlii, uysm€!:r !1il,'r
    oiher ethnit: tninorities were inciudecl in the clisclrsslon v'rfi'rich give opporir-lniiy flr ihe: pe*pi,..
    iil ihe projeci ar+a ir: \.iQtce lkreirqueations encl +ofi*erns regarding ihe p1nie,;t,?ft,.j ii.", lrtr,-,r.'i;.1,,.
    iir-clepih infornlatir:n associateci with their'reiigion, cLlltLtre, festivals, anej ete.

    Picture 3.2 (a) and (b): FGD carriecl cut at proiect site
    1.3?i220 k\" Chilime Sub-stcti'rtt HLtb
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV tronsmission line Prolect lE€ Report

    affected area with the oroject activities in relation to spaiial and temporal aspects in tei-ms of
    magnitude, extent and duration using various environmenial prediction methocjs The impact
    has been predicted over a specified period and withrn defined area. Consequences of
    -fhe
    enizircnmental impacis urere interpreted in terms of local. regicnal and naticnal contexts
    significant .positive and adverse envircnmental impa:ts associaieC with ihe. prcject
    components have been identified consicjering the impact zone The magnitude, exient and
    duration of the impacts which were categorized accor-ding to the National EIA Guidelines
    1993 are given below:

    il'lagnitude of impacts
    o Low lmpact (L): lf the vaiue of the resources could be used wiih no or minimum
    inconvenience to the public
    " Medium/Moderate lmpact (M): lf the value of the resources could be used with
    inconvenience to the public
    " High lmpact(H): lf the value of the resources reduced far below publtcly acceptable
    level

    Extent lmpacts
    " Site Specific (S). fhe impact is limited within RoW then it is stte specific one.
    " Local (L): lf the impact of the work extends to the adjoining wards and or within
    100m up 300m from the transmission line or angle tower then it is termed as iocal.
    ' Regionai (R). if iheimpaciof ihewoi'kextendsioiheeniiredisiriciorfuiiirei-ii-reitiiis
    termed regional.

    Duration of the Inrpacts


    " Short Term (ST): lf the impacts last for 3 years after project initiation it is classified as
    short term. Construction phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category
    " Medium Term (MT): An impact that continues for more than 3 years but less than 20
    years is considered as rnedrum-term. The construction phase impacts which carry
    over for few years of operation falls under this category.
    o Long Term (LT). -rAn impact that lasts beyond 20 years is considered to be long term.
    The operation phase impacts are mostly categorized under this category.

    3-4 Public lnvolvement


    3.4.1 Public Consultation
    Public consultation process was carried out by conducting group discussion, interaction
    meetings, and household survey among the local people/stakeholders, ccncerned VDCs and
    related officials/agenesis of the project areas.

    3.4.2 Recommendation Letters


    As per EPR 1997, a 15 days public notice was published in Gorkhapatra national daily
    (Annex-lll) The notice wiil consist of a statement regarding brief projeci infor-mation and
    request to provide comments and suggestions within 15 Cays to the prclect cffice or ESSD.

    A tear-n was mobilrzed in the field wiih ccpy cf pubiic nctice alcng with ccver letters to the
    ccncerned VDCs, CFUGs, drsirict level rrne agencies and oiher lccal stakeholders Ccpy of
    ihe notice displayed in the project srtes and proof of deed (Muchulkas) ccilected. Similarly,
    €ssD
    t
    L32/220 kt/ Chilime Sub-stoticn Httb

    I
    Trishuli 22C kV Tronsmission line Proiect ItrF Rcnart
    ond Chilime -

    recommendation letters collected from ihe affected VDCs. In addition, conseni letiei' were
    collected from the affected CFUGs. Summary of the draft IEE repod distributad io the
    concernedVDCs and CFUGs and a copy of IEE report provided to DDCs and Disirict Foresi
    Offices.
    I
    3.5 The Study Team T
    The following per'Sonnel were involved during the IEE study of the proposed trans,*nission
    line:
    I
    nL^.-^ !.!^
    uestunauurI AtlttI UJ5

    I
    r tlurlc rrv.

    i01 Raian Rishi Ka.lel j Deputy Director, (Sociolog ist) NEA-ESSD


    I
    l-,'-,',i ,..., t,',,-

    o2
    03
    Navin Rimal
    Birendra Bikram
    Deputy Manager (Civil Engineer)
    Assistant Manager
    (Environmentalist)
    NEA-ESSD
    NEA-ESSD
    01-66i 1 580
    I
    Malla
    I\A
    UA

    05
    Poonam Pokharel
    Bhoj Raj Bhattarai
    tconom
    Econom ^+
    -+ NEA-ESSD
    NEA-ESSD I
    tth Krishna Pd. Joshi Data Base Expert (Statisiician) NEA-ESSD
    o7 Pr-akash Gaudel GIS Expert NEA-ESSD I
    I
    Beside the aforementioned study team, the experts from the project were also involved in
    providing the project's technical data/facts & figures and suggestions for the preparaiion of
    this IEE Report. Foresier, Biodiversity and wildlife experts were hired on studies phase. As
    I
    well as Enumerators and field helpers were hired at the local level to assist the study teanr in
    collecting baseline on each environmental dornain and cther necessary field data. t
    I
    I
    t
    t
    32/220 kV ChiltntL Sub-stotion Hub cnd
    1"

    Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project IEE rt-port

    CHAPTER-IV
    REVIEW OF PLANS/POLICIES, ACTS, RULES/REGULATIONS, GUIDELINES AND
    CONVENTIONS

    4.1 Introduction
    i\iepal integraied environment aspects in all iis development aciivities and.projects only from
    early 1980s.'Environment conservation lvas included in the policies since the Fifth Plan
    (1975-1980). The second milestone was taken during the Sixth Plan. The Sixth Plan under
    the environment and land use policy emphasized the integration of environmental aspects
    into the construction of large-scale development projects. Then finally, in the Seventh Plan it
    was stated that developmental programs would be implemented only after an approved EIA/
    IEE report. The Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Five Year Plans have furlher emphasized the
    making of more effective EIA systems. The formulation of Sectoral Guidelines, promotion of
    participatory EIA/IEE system and inclusion of mitigation cost into the total project cost were
    some of the activities included in these three five vear olans.

    The prevailing Acts, Policies, Regulations and Guidelines, which are required for the
    construction and operation of Transmission Line Projects in Nepal, have been reviewed as
    per the followings while preparing the present IEE report. The proponent will abide by any
    other laws besides those already mentioned in the documents that are atiracted due to
    different activities that will be undertaken during project implementation.

    4.2The Interim Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2006)


    Article 35(5) of the Interim Constitution requires the State to give priority to the protection of
    the environment and also the prevention to its further damage due to physical developrnent
    activities by increasing the awareness of the general public environment cleanliness. The
    state shall also make arrangements for the special protection of the environment and rare
    wildlife. Provision shall be made for the protection of the forest. veqetation and biodiversitv,
    its sustainable use and equitable distribution of the benefit derived from it. Similarlv. the
    Article 16 of Part 3 states about the Riqht to Environment and Health: Accordinq to this
    article all citizens shall have the riqht to live in clean environment.

    The proposed project is a component of hydropower development project and it aitracts the
    provisions made in Interim Constitution. Hence, it is mandatory to follow the Interim
    Constitution of Nepal, 2063 (2006) in regards with environment conservation while
    i mplementing the project.

    4.3 Plan & Policy


    4.3.1 Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2050 (1993)and 2055 (1998)
    Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP) were endorsed to further
    institutionalize environmental protection in the development processes. The NEPAp
    recognize that a growing number of people are exposed to pollute from industrial
    enterprises. The NEPAP identifies ihe following factors as contributing to tnis prccess.
    " Indusirial plan inappropriately cited close to pcpulation centers
    ' Insufficient emphasis on fuel efficiency
    o Little, if any pollution abaternent equipment useC for reducing emission. and
    o p, tctal lack of industrv pollution standards.

    ESSD 4-1
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub ond
    t
    Chilime Trishuli220 kV T/L Proiect IEE report
    I
    Hence, the NEPAP emphasizes the need for rnitigating adverse environmental impacts to
    address ;urban and industrial development, air and water pollution and infrastructures
    developnient.'
    I
    4.3.2 Forestry Sector Policy, 2057 {2000]' t
    The Foresi Sectoi Policy of Nepal such as ihe National Forestry Plan, 1976, Master Plan for
    the Forestry Sector, 1988, Periodic Five Year Plan and Foresiry Sector Policy, 2057 (20OA)
    l- -..-
    I ldvE ----L--:-^r
    t'lltPlldJlz-t:\l -^ ^-r^,^ o porrrurpa!rvrr
    -^*.^.6^t,^^ ,^
    ilr
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    !tre
    +^-^^+-r,
    rvreorry
    r^6^^^m^hr
    rrrq,iqgeiiiUi ii. nr^^^i;^ e rrrqrrr
    i'iUpur main faran+
    tvrur!
    n
    PEUprs
    nrailageii'iei^ri is basecj oi-r peopie's pafticipaiion ancj vai'ioi-is managemeni mocjels ai'e
    underway. Similarly. Forestry Sector Policy, 2057 (2000) stresses on conservation of
    !^-i-^.1!r-..^r-ir '+)^* ^^r ^-^t^^|i^^ ^r l^-l l^^.^.1^+;^^ 1.," ^^;l ^,^F;^^ lanalolirta tl^^/.l-
    I
    desertificaiion other ecological disturbanJes. The Public participation in forest
    "nO
    rnanagement is sought through community forestry, collaborative forest management,
    leasehold forestry etc. The mitigation measures such as plantation, NTFP program and other
    I
    social and community support program proposed by the project wiil be implemented by
    rnobilizing the local people which is in line with the Fcrest Sector Policy. I
    The procedural quidel/nes for the use of foresl land for other purpose stated that feasibilitv
    studv :vill be carrred out with no use of forest land to the extent possible. lf it is not possible, I
    the alternate will be considered with minimum use of forest land. This guideline also stated
    that the proiect proponent will be responsible for the plantation of 2 tree species for the loss
    of one tree and their manaqement for 5 vears and handinq over to the concerned forest
    I
    office of the district

    4.3.3 Hydropower Development Policy, 2058 (2001)


    I
    The Hydropower Development Policy was promulgated in 20A1. The main objectives of the
    policy include producing clean energy through the development of hydroelectric projects and
    to help conserye the environment. lt is stipulated that one of the policies is to extend the use
    I
    of electricity for achieving a reduction in the utilization of fuel wood and to render necessary
    assisiance in the conser-vation of forest and environnrent t
    4.4 Acts
    4.4.1 Aquatic Animals Protection Act, 2017 (19611
    I
    This Act provided legislative protection of ihe habitats of aquatic species. Under this Act, it is
    offence to introduce poisonous. noxious or explosive rnaterial in to a water source or destroy
    ai ry uoiir, -,,wgc, i,oi ,,o---, -, ,"-.-, -y-L-,,,:l ,-;,,:,-,'l -i --l-i ':,,11 -, :.::l:,,11 -.1-*:.;- l,i:. l-1,.
    I
    Aci was amended in 1988 to prohibit the use of unsafe pesticides.
    ffi
    4.4.2 Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (19771
    One of the important acts that have a bearing on the implementation mechanisms and
    rnitigation adverse impacts of power projects is the Land Acquisition Act, 2O34. This Act W
    covers all aspects of land acquisition and compensation of land and other assets. lt
    authorizes the government te acquire land for public purposes by providing compensation to
    the private landowners.
    t
    F55D NEA
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    I
    I
    132/2lA kV Chilime Sub-stction Hub cnd
    Chilin',e Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project I F- F rD tih rt

    Land acquisition and compensation has nol been a major issue in the rurai electrification in
    the past because the area required for erection of a pole is so small that ii has not been an
    issue. However, this study recommends providing appropriate cash compensaiion for the
    land acquired by the erection of the towers. The compensation paid under this Act wili be
    given in cash. To decide the amount of the compensaiion, the Land Acquisiticn Act (1977)
    has made provisions foi'the constitution of a Compensation Fixdtion Committee (CFC). That
    committee consi'3ts of the CDO, Chief Disirict Land Administration and Revenue Office,
    Project Chief cr an officer designated by the CDO and the Representative of the DDC.

    As per the land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977), it is mandatory to acqr-iire the land pricr to the
    implementation of ihe project. The provisions made here will be applied whiie acquisition of
    iand. Cultivated land requires for the project will be acquired by direct negotiation with ihe
    land owners while the forest land will be acquired by taking approval from the government.

    4.4.3 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act,2039 (1982)


    In order to manage watersheds of Nepal, the Soil and Watershed Conservation Act (SWCA),
    1982 was enacted. The act is devoted to the protection of watersheds. Under Section 10 of
    SWCA, power is extended to the Watershed Conservation Officbr to grani permission io
    construct dams, drainage ditches and canals, cut privately owned trees, excavate sand,
    boulders and soil, discharge solid waste and establish industry or residential areas within
    any protected watersheds. The Act outlines the essential parameters necessary for proper
    watershed manaqement.

    The Act is relevant to the proposed project as the project will utilize the soil for tovr,'er
    foundation in different location. There is likely to impact on soil and watershed condition of
    ihe project area. Hence, the pr-oject is obliged to follow the Soil and Watershed Conservation
    Act, 2039 (1982) during project implementation.

    4.4.4 Water Resources Act,2049 (1992)


    The objectives of the Water Resources Act, 2049 is to make legal arrangements for
    determining beneficial uses of water resources, preventing environmental and other
    !-razardous effects thereo? and also for keeping water resources free from pollution. The Act
    strives to minimize environmental damage to water bodies, especiallv lakes and rivers
    throuqh environmental impact assessment studies and the proponents who wish to use
    water resources for various purpcses should prepare IEE report befcre a license can be
    qranteC. The Act stipulates that soil erosion, flooding, landslides or any significant impact on
    the environment should be avoided in all uses of a water resource. The provisions made in
    Water Resources Act, 2049 (1992) is mandatory in case of the implementation of the
    proposed project. As per the provision, the environmental impact mitigation and
    enhancement measures have been proposed in view of environrnent conservation.

    4.4.5 Electricity Act, 2049 (1992)


    Electricity Act, 2049 is related to survey, generation, transmission and distr:ibution of
    electricity. Electricity includes eleciric power generated from water, mineral oil, coal, gas,
    solar enei-gy, wind energy etc. _Under Section 3 of the Act it is stated that survev, qeneration,
    transmission or distribution of electricitv wiihout obtaininq a license is prohibited The
    Electricity Ac|,2049 also contain provisions to minrmize soil erosion. flood, air pollution and
    E55D +-5 NEA
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    damage on environment while procjucing electricity and transmission of ihe power (Article
    IEE report
    I
    24). This Act is not relevant in case of transmission and distribuiion of generated electricity.
    The present study is only for hydropower generation excluCing transmission component. I
    NEA is respcnsible for electricity transmission and distribution.

    4.4.6 Forest Act,2049 (1993)


    I
    The Forest Act, 2049 (Amendrnent 2055) recognizes the importance of forests in maintaining
    a healihy environment. One of the majcr objectives of the enhancement and enforcement of n
    :_ at- _ ._.____-!:-- ^l d- L-^ttL.. ^-.,.-^^-^-+
    ttlg rulg>t f\ul 15 l,l lg vlvlll\JLl'.rll ul llEdl(t ly sllvlrvlillrerr(.

    The Act requires decision-makers to take account of all


    :--.-.-- -.-r-r ---.,:-^^ ^-.J L:^ J:,,^-^;.., lr ^*^l-^^;-^^
    forest - v-a[]es-_jntl_U_dl_09
    +t ^ alnrralanmant n^A
    t
    I
    .

    Forests, Leasehold Forests, Private Forests and reliqious forests.

    This Act is relevant in case of the project will acquire forest land belonging to community,
    and national. lt is mandatory to follow the Forest Act, 2049 (1992) while proposing the I
    nnitigation measures and also in implementation phase.

    4.4.7 Labour Act, 2049 (1993)


    I
    This act is enforced bv GoN in 20491212 This Act classified below 15 vears as child and
    'anabolic'for the aqe qroup of above 14 vears and below 1B vears. The Act has also made
    prcvision of labour courl and departrnent of labour The Act clearly mentions that the
    I
    appointrnent letter should be issued for all the employees which include their working hours,
    working time, wages and other benefits. The Act allows for the time bond contract for the
    rnanpower required for development work. The Aci specifies that working hours for the
    I
    Anabolic and women musi be within 6 AM to 6 PM which clearly restrict to deploy women in
    night works. The Act also state that equal opportunity shall be given to women as men I
    Similarly working period for the other employees must not exceed B hours a day and 48
    hours in a lveek. lf some people work beyond that period, over-time allowances must be paid
    which is 150% of the normal per hour wages and such over-time must not exceed 4 hours in
    I
    .a day. According to this ?ct the wage rate of the ernployees shall not be less
    than the rate
    fixed by the concerned offices of GoN. t
    4.4.8 Environment Protection Act, 2053 (1997)
    Nepal has enacted a comprehensive and umbrella type Act, the Environment Protection Act,
    ,vv.i1-F.','77u"i,icirioiiUvvgiriU,vg.i.ii,--9ilqyyt-y,;-..',-v-:*l-.
    t
    provides a legal basis for the concerned authorities for regulation an initial Environmental
    Exarnination (lEE) or Environmental lmpact Assessment (ElA). Section 3 of the Act requires W
    ihe proponent to conduct an IEE or EIA in relation to the prescribed proposals. The Act uses
    the word proposal instead of Projects which makes the scope of the Act much broader tn
    relation to environmental studies. Proponent includes any government, semi government or
    w
    non gcvernmeni agency or organization submitting an application for the approval of a
    pi-oposal and possessing the responsibility
    implementing the proposal.
    tc work according to such a proposal o6
    I
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    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-stction Hub anC
    Chilime Trishuli 22A kV T/L Project !FF rcnort

    According to the provision in Section 6 (1) of ihe Aci, the relevant agency is enrpowered io
    grant approval for the IEE and EIA report, only if it finds that no significant adverse effects
    will be caused io the environment oy the impiementaiion of the propcsal. lmpiementation of
    any proposal without the approval of the relevant agency is prohibited by the Act. As per
    EPA, 1997, the proposed project has cbligation io carry out IEE study prior its
    implementation. '
    ,
    4.4.9 Local Self-Governance Act, 2055 {1998)
    The Local Self-Governance Act, 2055 ccntains several provisions for the conservaticn of
    scil, forest and other natural resources and implementation of envir-onmental ccnservation
    activities. Section 28 and 19 of the Act provide that the Villaqe and the District Deveiopment
    Committees are responsible for the formulation and implementation of the proqrams related
    to the protection of the environmental bio-diversity. Section g6 stipulates that it is the duty of
    the municipality to protect the environment through the control of air, water and sound
    pollution. lt also obligates the Municipality to maintain environmental cleanliness through the
    irnplernentation of solid waste management, flood and landslide control prograrns.

    This Act is relevant as the proposed project will utilize natural'resources and carry out
    development activities in the project affected VDCs Hence, it is mandatory to the project for
    proposing mitigation measures.

    4.4.1O Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act. 2056 {2000)


    The Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2056 is enacted and enforced adopting
    ILO Convention concerning Elimination of Worst Forms of Child Labor and Minimum Age
    Convention. This Act has defined the 'Child' as a person who has not achieved the age of 16
    year. Article 3 bans the emplovinq a child below the aqe of 14 to work as a laborer and
    enqaginq a child in the hazardous and riskv works listed in the Schedule of the Act.

    The proponent is mandatory to follow the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act.
    2056 (2000) during the project implementation phase. The contractor may use child labour
    during construction period. Hence, the contractor will be Instructed to follow the Child Labor
    "(Prohibition and RegulatDn) Act, 2056 (2000).

    4.5 Rules and Regulations


    4.5.1 Electricity Rules, 2050 (1993)
    Regulations on electricity sectors have been forrnulated for the implemeniation of the
    provisions made in the Electricity Act, 2049. The Electricity Rules, 2050 emphasize
    environmental analysis, which should rnclude environmental mitigation measures to
    rninimize adverse impacts likely to occur while developing hydro-electricity (Rule 12 and 13).
    Rule 12 (fl and Rule (q) are related to the EIA/ IEE process which emphasize that the IEE
    repofi should include measures to be taken to minimize the adverse effects of the proiect on
    social, bioloqical and phvsical environments and should also elaborate utiiizaticn of local
    labour, source of materials. benefits to ihe iocal pecple after thq comotetron of the proiect.
    traininq to local oeople in relation to constructicn, maintenance and operation, faciiities
    required for consiruction site and sai'ety arranqements

    E55D NEA
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    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotiort Hub onC
    Chilime Trishuli 220 kV T/L Project

    4.5.2 Water Resources Rules, 2050 (1993)


    IEE report
    I
    li is rnandatory under Rule 17(e) of the regulation that any person or corporate body, who
    desires to obtain a license for utilization of water resources must state in his application that
    appropriate measures will be taken to lessen the adverse effects due to the project on the
    I
    overall environment. Rule 19 stipulates that the water resources committee shall publish a
    notice givin$ detail information about ihe project to the people. I
    4.5.3 Environment Protection Rules, 2054 (1997)
    T-L^
    I llg
    t
    Lllvilvtrlrl9lrt
    I rr.^+^^+;^6
    I rvrvv\rvl il,ri^- /L-DD\..r-- anrinrcari in irrno iOQT rrli,nr:s ttratle rrrtrief
    t
    iire provisions of ihe fnvii'oni-nent lioteciioii Aci. iirc EPR has been ai'nendeC severalti''nes
    and the recent was done in 2O1O|O1l27. The recent amendment states that tfarrlm]SSt-q-nl1!-e I
    protected area, buffer zone or national parks. The EPR adopts the environmental
    assessment criteria mentioned in the EIA guidelines. However, the EPR establishes the
    administrative framework for assessing, exhibition and determination of the ElfulEE, in terms
    I
    of issues needing to be addressed and the format/layout of the EIA/lEE document.
    I
    Under section (18) of EPA, any person who contravenes any of the provisions of the Act, or
    the Regulations or the guidelines issued under the Act, shall be punishable with a fine up to
    Rs 5C,000. lf a proposal is implemented without the approval of the Ministry of Environment
    I
    (in case of lEE, Ministry of Energy) or relevant government agency, or the person
    implementing the proposal is not complying with the conditions of the approval or license,
    the authorized official is empowered to close down that activity and may irnpose fine of up to
    t
    Rs. 100,000 on such person or organization. This Act is relevant to the proposed project.

    Under this Ruies, the IEE study of the proposed project has to be carried oui by the
    I
    oroponent and get approval from the Ministry of Energy prior to the project implementation.

    4.5.4 Local Self Governance Rules, 2056 {1999)


    I
    Local Self Governance Rules, 2056 empower the local bodies to coordinate and implement
    development program and for rationale utilization of local natural resources. Article -7 (69) t
    empowers the VDCs fo,n monitoring and supervision of development work implemented in
    "the VDC. The Article - 4 of DDC has provision of 3 members (Agriculture, Forest and
    Environment) committee to look after the concerned issues. Article-6 (206) specifies that the
    I
    need of social, economic, environmental and public facilities should be consider while
    planning the project. Article-7 (210) focuses on environrnental studies and stresses due
    . !
    vvllOrvvrq\rvrr vyr"'v rrt,F/'v,
    r'- - !r- - -.--:, -r r:r-- ---J
    r,,J y''1--. ',i'=;;..-
    -,,^--.,
    a-:
    ^+^^^
    J' --- - -r-
    , ^^^l *i^^^ ^^-l
    I
    others.
    W
    4.6. Guidelines and Conventions
    4.6.1 . Biodiversity Convention, 1992
    The convention contains a series of far reaching obligations related to the conservation of W
    biological diversity and sustainable uses of its compcnents. One of these obligations is the
    requirenlent for environrnental study. The purpose of an environmental study in .relation to
    biodiversity conservation is to ideniify in advance:
    t
    o The aspects of the project which is likely to have significant adverse effects on

    F55D
    biological diversity at genetic, species and ecosystenr level and
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    " The steps to be iaken to avoid or rninimize significant adverse effects to ensure that
    the proposed project comply with exisiing environmental legislation.
    " The GoN has included 17 species of plants and 39 species of wild animals in tire
    prorection list.
    lf the proiect area is in ihe core habitat cf ihese species anC proiect activiiv will likelv to
    affect them mitiqation measures shall ce oroposed and ce implementeC to avoid and/ or
    rnitiqate the idverse impacts. Nepal is a partv to the convention of Bioloqical diversitv and in
    accordance to the article 14, adequate attention should be given to minimize and or avoid
    the impacts.

    4.6.2 National Environmintal lmpact Assessment Guidelines, 1993


    The National EIA Guidelines. 1993 developed by the Nationai Planning Commission in
    conjunction with IUCN, set out the process for the environmental revrew and management of
    infrastructure projects in all sectors and the respective roles of certain GoN agencies and
    project proponents. The guideline was part of a comprehensive prograrn to develop the
    national and sectoral guidelines for establishing a national system for Environmental lmpact
    Assessment which was part of GoN's National Conservation Strategy. The EIA Guideline
    was endorsed by GoN on 27 September 1992 and gazette on 19.July 1993. The schedules
    attached'to the Guidelines include:
    Schedule 1 '.
    Prolects requiring an IEE Report
    Schedule 2 : Projects requiring an EIA
    Schedule 3 : EIA based on oroject sites
    Schedule 1 '.
    Projects requiring an IEE Report
    Schedule 5 : Formai for Terms of Reference
    Schedule 5 : Environmental lmpact Report Formal

    It is mandatory to follow the National Environmental lmpact Assessment Guidelines, 2050


    (1993) during the IEE study. Following the guidelines the environmental impact prediction
    and evaluation of the proposed project has been done on physical, biological and socio-
    economic and cultural environment of the project area The guideline is used for analysis of
    significant issues.

    4.6.3 EIA Guidelines for Forestry Sector, 1995


    The GoN in keeping with the spirit of the National Environrnental lmpact Assessrnent
    Guidelines, '1993 framed EIA guidelines for the forestry sector in 1995. The Guideline airn to
    facilitate the sustainable use of forest resources for socio-economic developrnent and
    i'rreeiing basic need to the community regarding the forest products, to make proposals socio
    culturally acceptable, economically feasible, and environmentalfriendly to conserve genetic
    resources and biodiversity and minimize environmental damage in forest areas and facilitate
    in identification of positive and negative impacts of programs to be implemented by other
    agencies in forest areas. The quideline emphasized the need of carrvinq out an ElfulEE
    studv of development pi'oiects and proqrams prooosed for implementation in foresi areas.

    4.6.4 Forest, Production, Collection and Sales Distribution Guidelines,2A5T (1998)


    The Clauses 3 to 10 of the Gurdeirnes have soecified various procedure and formats for
    qetting approvai for veqetation ciearance. delineation of lands for veqetation ciearance.
    evaluation of wood volurne etc and qover-nnrent offices anc cffrcials respcnsible for the
    E55D 4-l NEA
    -132/220 kV Chilime Sub-steticn Hub ond
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    approval, delineaiion and evaluaricn. These prcrrisions have a ciirect relevance to ihe
    IEE report
    I
    development of the project and need compliance to these provisions. These provisions have
    a direct relevance to the development of the project and neeC compiiance to ihese I
    provisions. lt is obligation to the project for getting approval in rriew of vegetation clearance
    and evaluation of wood volume from district forest office prior to the construction phase.
    I
    4.6.5. Cornmunity Forest Guidelines, 2058 (2001)
    -;.
    I nts gutoelne nas been prepared by including amendments of acts, rules by officials of GoN
    and i-elaied expcfis. lnrough tnoSC guiCciines pel'scns invoive'j ir: iire '-ievei'-';-'rrr':rri r'1'-i
    t
    . ... -.: Oi COmmijni(y io|esi iiKC iiiuiiiidivi5, Lr:Jui '\tiuuPi. 'ii:'r ii;ciiqv'-ie uie
    iuiuiiui
    illailaggi'ileni
    rvill get help to understand about the process and stages of development of cornnrunity
    f,:iesi_ l-crest Usei-s Crcili:, fcrcst cfficials, l.JGOs enrJ lirlGOs 3!'e getting benefit frv this
    t
    guideline. Till date, more than 15000 Community Forests have been handed over to the
    Community Forest Users GrouPs. I
    4.6.6. Community Forest lnventory Guidelines, 2005
    The guideline for inventory of community forests advice to classify the forest into timber I
    trees, pole size trees and regeneration on the basis of oiameter. lt.has recommended usinq
    20m x 20m size of
    reoeneration plois i
    rant for ti
    communitv f
    +'^ ^^ 4
    t-t ucJ-

    Plants havi
    10m for shrub
    |

    Diameter
    5mx5m
    I
    i e. 1.3m above ter than 30 cm are consider as trees. T
    10 to 30 crn ar
    tc reqeneration species.
    zed as pole and plants h ss than 10 BH beicn
    I
    4.7 Convention on lnternational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora
    Nepal became a contracting party to the convention on June 18, 1975.That aims to conirol
    I
    the trade of certain wildlife species to prevent further endangered of iheir survival. CITES
    classified species according to the following criteria: I
    ' Species threatened with extinction
    " Species which could become endangered.
    ' Species thai are Protected
    I
    As Nepal is party to til convention related to species conservation, attention should be
    given to evaluate the impacts of the project activities on meeting their obligation. lt is
    I
    relevant to IEE study that species protection list could also be used to evaluate the
    significant of the identified and predicted impacts. Plant and wild animal species under legal
    ptolgog1.11 pluvtuus d udsr5 ru purplus= L-iui.S ir, ,i ,c,, --i,oo,'o.,-'i -,,- i-, l---: --"'-r"-'t
    I
    them during project implementation.
    ffi
    Nepal is signatory to this agreernent, which classified species according to criteria where
    access or control is important (eg l-species threatened with extinction; ll-species which
    could become endangered; lll-species that are protected).
    u

    .4.8 International Labour Organization (lLO) Convention of Indigenous and Tribal


    Peoples (No.169)
    I
    Nepat ratified ILO Convention No. 169 on September 14,2007.h2A07 the UN Declaration
    on the Rights of Indigerrous Peoples was adopted by the General Assembly. The declaraticn
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    reaffirrns the importance of the principle and approaches prcvidecj for under Convention No.
    159 and its adcption therefore provide a fresh impetus for prcmoting the ratification and
    implementation of 169. ILO Ccnvention No. 169 highlights the need io recognize indigenouS
    and tribal people's specific knowledge, skills and technologies as the basis fcr their
    iradiiional economies and self cietermined development process. Ar-ticle-1 of the convention
    provides definition of the tribal indigenous people. Article-6 deals ihe consuitation of ihe
    people conceined through appropriate procedure in particular through their representative
    institutions. Whenever, consideraiion is being given to legislative or administrative measures
    which may affect them directly.

    ln Ariicle 15. the riqhts of the oeoole concerned to the natural resources penaininq to their
    lands shall be covers the total environments of the areas which th.e peoples concerned
    occupv or other use. The peoples concerned shall wherever possible participate in the
    benefit of such activities and shall receive fair compensaiion for any darnage which they may
    sustain as a result of such activities. Article 16 (2) clearly mention that where the relocation
    of these peoples is considered necessary as an exceptional measures such as relccation
    shall take place onlv with their free and inform consent.

    Where thbir consent cannot obtained, such relocation shall take place only following
    appropriate procedures established by national laws and regulaiions, including public
    inquiries where appropriate , which provide the opporlunity for effective representation of the
    peoples concerned . Ariicle 16 (3) menticn that whenever oossible these peoples shall have
    the right to return their traditional land as soon as the grounds for relocation cease to exist.
    Article 16 (5) elaborated the persons thus relocated shall be fully compensateci for any
    resulting loss or injury.

    The ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No.169) is relevant for the
    propcsed project as there are indigenous and tribal families in the project affected area. The
    project will acquire and utilize rnost of the natural resources belonging to thcse families.
    Hence, the project has obligation to have consultation and taking consensus from thern
    before the implementation of the project.

    Article-15 states that theiights of the people concerned to the natural resources pertaining
    io their lands shall be specifically safeguarded. Provision includes the people to participate in
    the use, management and conservation cf these resources. This provision creates scme
    confusion and ultimately brings conflict between the project proponent and resources
    owners Project share distribution and employment priority to these pecple will somehow
    reduce the possible conflict. The provision made in the ILO Convention on Indigenous and
    Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No.169) is not line fully with the prevailing acts ancj rules regarding
    environmental study of the proposed project

    ESSD 4-9 NEA


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    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    IFF Rpnnrt
    ond Chil!ne - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line Prolect

    CHAPTER-V
    I
    EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION

    5.0 General
    I
    The following chapter outlines the baseline conditicns of the physical, biological and socio-
    economic & cultural environmeni of iha pi'oject a rea.
    .,
    I
    5.1 Physical Environment
    5.1.1 Topoqraphl'and !-and use I
    The pr-oposed shorter roltte with better access facility and minimum settlement traverses an
    undulated rugged landscape that is dominated by terraced cultivated land and forest of the Lesser
    HimalaVan Reqion. Spot surveyinq shows alignment crossing roacis at 7 cjifferent iocations. The
    I
    land use pattern of this alternative route is ford, forest and grassland shrub land. lhe valley fiooi's
    are characterized by gravel deposits and alluvial plains generating imporlant econornic benefits.
    The altitude of the alignment varies from approximately 750m to 2630m (figure 5.1).
    I
    Fcr the transmission line of 220 kV capacity, the right of way (RoW) is defined as 15m on either
    sioe from the central line. This means that a total of 7B.5BB ha of land will be acquired by the
    I
    pr-oject as...RoW. Since the tower pads are also constructed, land to'be acquired for tower pads is
    0.87g ha which is not included under the area of RoW (15 m on each side from the central line). I
    S. No.
    Table 5.1: Land requirernent for project RoW
    Landuse Area (ha) Percentage I
    Cultivation 34.O47 45.52
    1.
    2 Forest with
    Bush/shrub land
    40.608 51.67 I
    4.
    Barren & Cliff
    River & Rivulet
    Total
    2.703
    1.23
    78.588
    3.44
    1.57
    100
    I
    Source: Field Survev 2014
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    L32/220 kV Chilirne 5ub-stotion Hub
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    3,000 Ef evation Profile of Chilime-Trishuli 220 kV T/L


    2,500
    ra Project
    2,000
    -
    c 1,500
    .9
    1,000
    qJ
    U
    500
    -:Elevation (m)
    '-_---_-l_-..-_--__

    +\'5c)
    ^o
    e++tr+ 9tr+ nr;l^g&
    r' v r i.,
    r$'
    C" ',\/
    Angle Point (AP)

    Figure 5.1: Elevation Profile of the Transmission Line Aliqnment

    5.1.2 Geology and Soil


    Physiographically, the whole stretch of the proposed project lies in'the Lesser Himalayan Region
    of meta-sediments. Geologically, the alignment runs adapting through schist and gneiss rock types
    with terraces and steep gorges. The soil types encountered along the alignment are alluvium
    deposits, loose soil with gravel rnixed and soft rocks. The area lies in the lesser Himalayan zone
    a^mnricinn larrr *n m6rl;',m h^+-a^',-l-';^ -^^1,^ ^,.^L ^^ -L..tt;r- -r'- -
    -..-r:- Sllugs . | |
    rrrrry 'vvv (v rrruvrurrr yrquc
    ^.arln rrrsrq'rrvrrr,ril\, rrJUn) JLtuil d> pilyliltu, eXUUU ol quanzlie,
    limestone and phyllite and intercalation with shale and slate as observed.

    The highland rocks dip steeply northwards and the more resistant crystallines, quartzites and
    dolomites stand out sharply while the phyllitic exposures are most liable to landslides. The
    numerous spurs that bifurcate from the highlands are sharp and separated by narrow valleys.

    The ridges have a sharp norih face and gentle south slope. The north faces are too steep for
    cultivation and are left forested. The souih facing slopes are preferred both for settlement and
    cultivation. The flights of terraces becorne more numerous downstream.

    5.1.3 Erosion and Land Stability


    The site observation of the corridor i'evealed that the line traverses through undulated topography
    without serious degradation. No maior unstable areas and erosion sites were observed along the
    alignment. All APs have been located on geologically stable ground. Terraced agricultural lands
    with patches of trees were observed in the field in alluvium deposits. The drainage system of
    catchment in the traverse of RoW was observed to be stable.

    ESSD i-"
    NEA
    :i3?122A k\/ Chilinte 3ub-station Hub
    nitcl Chilime -- Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line Proiect !;:E ;1e;iu;.

    ;t4r._-r41 . i:

    4/!4di.:,

    Picture 5.1: View of Chilime Hub substation

    5.{.4 Glirnate
    The transrnission line corridsr lies in the humid and Sub-tropical Climatie Zrtne" Tabie 5. I slrr:isr*
    the inaximum and rninimum temperature and rainfall reconded for the year 2005 for iire ;oroje;cr
    affee'led Rasuwa and Nr"nsakot district.

    Table S.? Maxin'rural and Minairylulnl Tenrpenature


    F, Maximurn I Minirnurui Ralnfai! {nmm-r}
    "!-ennperature
    No {'G} | Temperature {oG) (Avenage)

    Serurce: .Distrir:t profile oi Rasuwa end i\hiwakot district

    Ti'ie t'e;gion is expasen:i he,'th 't* th+ summer rvrDn$o,]ir antJ vyilrterly jei streams anel ihesc; i"vrt,:; iili
    rii*ls$es CJive,t clisj."il--rci:gea.gonai r.;har?]rjt,--:r'. $n*w'iall asso*ia'iee!r;rrith th* wester'lv di,strji-ha;'1,r,:l
    :]t.ri'ing wini:e; D*{:!Jrs .ir-li1t orl the highiancls arbr:ve 6000 ft

    I..':)*al 'i.fi-ii/?#ii{:}l'r hailgiorl'ns ir'i;tt-ttr-iriirt


    a'lil Bti-d*rng rrvinds r:luring ih*,:Jn''*piin,ii ei-e {ns=r lirr;ill;::,r
    .f,iie
    I'a':t,;i* i:"- tel.ai;i *r*p;, s*as+nal ,:\j*le i:r co':i-warrn-hot-vyarrii. The agricultural acj:iriit.;
    ,J';ilfornls t+ ihq, s*asoiiai rhlti.hwi enel ih+ ',tagaries of monsoon affect the iarrners' poverty +;
    ,ifo.90,3.i-ii":; .

    ,$. i.-5 rflJatec"shee{ ainei Dra[a'aagc


    'i'ire .,Seornorphoic.rg;;
    air,'-l watei"sheei of rhe prrjeci
    ?rea rs eirained ntainll; btr the ano*r-ied i'ir.ler
    ,i:hiiirne kholai, lviailun Khola end riisiririi P..iryei' at
    ine ir:itiai sqretcl': anC i"ain..ferJ r:i',tere iike !'"iisirn
    ',4.iiola. riak,-r i<irola an,:l *\ndhai"i iqherla la:ei". There
    are ais'r other trih,r;taries which c*niribitte i.r the
    ,.lialnage sysi']rl'; ar;'.J cross ihe rft" .:nrriclor. l-he
    ;'it'3i_'1:3oorj in'i'lue;;r;+e ifre hycit,rir:gV ii ihe r-i,r,*ie
    .:itcl .iir:e:'i is ri' ihe-, atre::, ':-he ti,il')$,:it',t, iaii, iha':
    ''r'-:ii ;"ir,i; :i'i;-, iiii.:,i,,iiii.':r,l ii:'ir.alir,., i!,:lii:: .'i.t,,. ,'..1;,.-' Picture 5.2: It/lailr:n Khni: 'i;-rs;iner
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsnission line proiect IEE Report

    to September. Nearly 80To of the rainfall in ihe area occurs during monsoon. Sound ecological
    processes and coherent entities were observed in the Crainage system of the line.

    lmmaturity rernains the chief characteristics of the soils found in the region. Indications of
    laterisation are observable. In descriptive terms mcntane brown forest soil, montane red earth,
    recent alluvia in.the bensi and gravelly loam of the valleys are observed.
    . .,
    5.1.6 Air and Water Quality and Noise levels
    The proposed transmission line traverses through rural settings establishing better strategies. The
    determinant factor as the area passes through rural settings is that the status of air quality is
    satisfactory and healthy. In the urban setting of Rasuwa and Nuwakot sections where ihe line
    traverses gravel roads and foot trail, dust parlicles were observed due to the movement of public
    vehicles but of low margin and less environmentally damaging.

    E\>)'
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-strttion Hub
    t
    IEE Report
    o nd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project

    Apparently, the waier qualities of rivers like the Trishuli, Chilirne and Mailung and other tributaries I
    like the Nisim Khola, Haku khola and Andhari khcla rryere observed. There are also ciher
    tributaries which crosses the T/L corridor. The monsocn influences the hydrology of the rivers and
    streams of the ai'ea. The corridor has been aligned so as to avoid human settlements except at
    I
    some stretches. The noise levels can be considered io be urithin the acceptable limiis except at
    stretches of the proposed substation areas. This area is near to human settlements where various
    hurnan activiti6s r:elated to trading activiiies have elevated the noise levels.
    t
    a? Qinlrrnical Fnvironment il
    Nepa!'s rich biodiversity is a reflection of this unique geographical position as well as lts
    altitudinal and climatic variation. lt incorporates Palaearctic and indo-Malayan biographical
    reqions and major fioristic provinces of Asia, creatirrg a unique and i'ich biodivcrsitr" cf !ife. I
    Although comprising only 0.09% of gioOai ianci area. njepai possesses a oispi-opoi'tionaieiy iaige
    diversity of flora and fauna at genetic, species and ecosystem levels.
    I
    5.2.1 Forest and Vegetation
    Fcrests in Nepal have high ecological and economic value in terms of maintain ecological balance
    protecting watersheds and water resources, maintaining natural. habitat and biodiversity for
    I
    wildlife, supporting subsistence farming system and transhumance ruminant livestock system
    particularly in hills and mountains, providing forage for livestock and fuel wood for majority of the
    households, and building national economy ihrough sale of medicinal and aromaiic plants, timber
    I
    and other forest products and ecotourism etc. Forest types are diverse ranging from tropical
    hardwood to temperate conifer and to alpine shrub land. I
    Administratively, the forest of Nepal is divided in to six types: Government Managed National
    Forest, Protected Forest, Community Forest, leasehold Forest, Religious Forest and Private I
    Forest.

    5.2.1.1 Vegetation/Forest Cover in Project District


    I
    Almost all of the project impact area belongs to the subtropical ecological zone in Rasuwa distt'ict
    and tropical in Nuwakot district. Mostly project cornponents are on the right bank of the river. In
    the left bank site of the Trishuli River lies the buffer zone of the Langtang National park. According
    I
    to the District Forest Office Reports, 2011, forest covers 35991(32.11 %) heclares of land in
    Nuwakot district and forest covers 47494 (31.43 % ) hectares of land in Rasuwa district. Major
    forest types are hill Sal forest, Pine forest, Schima-Castanopsis forest, Rhododendron forest,
    I
    Alder forest, lower temperate mixed broad leaf forest and others.
    I
    5.2.1.21 Vegetation/Forest Cover in Project Area
    The proposed 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime Trishuli 22O kV TL alignment
    ffi
    extends 26.5O km frorn Thambuchet Village, Goljung VDC of Rasuwa district to Champani
    village, Manakamana VDC of Nuwakot Districts in the Central Development Region of Nepal
    (Bagmati Zone).The district wise total land area and forest area no of community forest to be w
    affected and along the TL alignment are given in the table 5.3. The total number of ccmmunity
    foresi along the alignment in Rasuwa district is 17 and in Nuwakot district is 1. No part of the
    proposed alignment fall in National Park, Wildlife Sanctu ary Area, Buffer Zone and Conservation
    ht Ed-
    I
    I
    I
    I
    L32,tt-21-"t ktt thiilrne Sub-stcttion Hub
    ilnd Chiliffie - Trishttli 220 kV Transmission iine project tFE ilepoii

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    132i220 kV Chilinte Sub'station Hub
    en,i Chilime - Trishuli 2]0 kV Tronsmission i!ne ProJect lE E R: port

    Table 5.3 District wise forest area and no of comrnunity forest along the TL alignment
    S. No. i District Total Forest Forest Total no No of CF
    Land ,{rea,ha Area o/o
    oi CF in along the
    Area, ha the alignment
    District
    151087 i 47494 31.43 17
    Nuwakot 112100 35991 32 11 i 277
    Total no of cornmunity forest along the TL alignment

    5-2.1.3 Transmission Line Alignment


    This section should include description of transmission line stretch covering forest type (sal, pine
    mixed broadieafl;, forest category (community, governnrent, leasehold, private) and major
    species.

    The Transmission line alignment passes through middle hill range.The existing forest condition in
    nuwakot district is dominant in Sal ( Shorea robusta) followed by Salla( Pinus roxburghil and
    Chilaune '( Schima Watlichit).In Rasuwa district Salla ( Pinus Roxburghir) and Chilaune ( Schima
    Watlichil are dominant. Sal, Salla and Chilaune are source of timber for construction and furniture
    and fuel wood for domestic purpose .Leaves of Sal are also used as fodder for domestic animals
    and preparing leaf plates at villages. The crown cover ranges from 20 - 70 % at various paiches
    _a:.t.
    ut [ne_ ailuililtent.
    _t:^.__-- ^.-!

    The clensity of trees is found to be 345 per ha. The land area which is associated with rocky,
    ridges, hills and barren lands along the transmission line alignment is estimated to be Bo/o in
    Nuwakot district and 12%in Rasuwa district. This is because of the topography of the ridges and
    hills in the middle hill ranges.A total of 15491 trees mostly of the pole sizes are expected to be
    felled and fewer trees sized.

    Along the corridor the recorded shrub species are Banmara ( Eupatorium odoratum), Ainselu (
    Rubus elipticus), Dhusugre (Gaultheria Sp), Chutro (Barberis aristata), Dhanyero ( Lagerstromia
    parviftora), Angeri ( Osbekia Sp), etc. The list of the plant species available in and around the
    project area are given in Annex-Vlll.

    5-2.1.4 Tropical and sub tropical broadleaved Mixed Forest


    A continuous stretch frorn AP 19 to AP 27 possesses through ihe tropical and sub tropical
    deciduous broad leaved mixed forest. The forest areas are fragmented into small patches. This
    forest is predominantly composed of Sal (shorea robusta), Salla (Pinus roxborghil,,Khirro (
    Cucumis Sp), Mauwa (Engelhardtia spicata) Simal (Bombax ceiba), etc. Along corridor shrub
    species recorded are Sano Dhayero (Woodfordia fruticos), Ainselu ( Rubus elipticus),
    Bhimsenpati (Budlegia sp), etc.

    5.2.1.5. Hill Sal and Pine ltilixed Forest


    Hilf sal forest is predominant species unCer the iransmission line of the project area Due tc the
    altitudinal and climatic condition, hill Sal forest under the project area are young. mostly pole anC

    NEA
    J.32i220 kV Chtline Sub-stotion Hub
    snd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsrnission line Project lFtr Panr.rt
    I
    sapling size urith natural gocd regeneration. In the Droject area, Hill Sal forest is found beiween
    AP 28 to AP 39 encompassed under the communiiy forest. Pine forest is predomrnant AP 2 to AP
    I
    27 associated with Rohododendron ,Simal and others.
    I
    The main associates species with the nill Sa/ iorest are . Chilaune (schm a wallichii), Khote Salla (
    Pinus roxburghii), Simal (Bombax caiba), Bot Dttayero ( Lagestromia parviflora), Tanki/Koiralo ( T
    Bhalayo Spp)'etc:

    Aithcugh, Sal (Shorea robusta) trees in the Sal forest in the Nepal is in the stage of depleticn Cue
    to over exptottatton. lt ts oanneo tor tellrng, transpofiation ano export. However, wlin approvec
    I
    management plan, in the iommunity forests and government managed forests, ii can be felled
    anr{ r rcad rarilhin nn11nf ;'r7 nr It nnt evnor.teC I
    5.2.1.6 Forest Composition and Analysis
    ln the most part of along the proposed 220 kV TL, the forest area has been well conserved due to I
    the effective peoples participation. Species richness and tree density is high in the forest. In the
    most part along the propos ed 22O kV TL the forest canopy cover observed between 40 to 70%. ln
    caseof Hill Sal forest, itisalmostpresent60-70% forestcanopycoYerthroughouttheforestarea.
    I
    Average regenei'ation rate of the trees species found 944 saplings per ha and seedling per ha is
    868 in community forest respectively of the project affected areas. The Sal and Amala forest
    undergrowth and regeneration is very high and dense.
    I
    Table-S.4: Species wise vegetation conrposition with volume, density, and area
    I
    Mixed Forest
    no of no of
    indivi Densi plot BA
    dual tvl spp (r' Total
    SN Species Botanical Name spp Ha occur FY" /Ha) RF RD BA Rdom tvl
    1 Salla Pinus Walichiana 23 115 60 6.52 13.04 s3 33 | 1.30 51 30

    2
    Laiiguran
    S Rhodendron Sp J 1 20 u. to A aq ,AE 0.03 t.zo ;J
    t.
    IJ Chilaune Schima vidllichii 35 1 ZU 1.37 4.35 1A.14 | 0.27 10.79 zc.

    4 Katus
    Castanopsls
    indica 15 1 20 o.72 4.35 4 35 ! o 14 c.oJ *t
    Botdhaye Lagerstroemta
    5 ro spp 7 J3 40 009 8.70 10.14 0.o2 o.71

    o Bhalayo Rhus Javonica 5 zu 014 A 1R 1.45 | 0.03 110 o.

    I Guenli Callicarpa Sp 1 5 1 20 o.74 4-35 1.4s | 0.15 5.83 11 .l

    v Khari Celtis australis 2 10 1 20 o.74 2.eo i 0.1 5 5.83 13.( ffi


    10 Sal Shorea robusta 30 z 40 0.48 8.70 8.70 | 0.1 0 3.t+ 21.
    g
    Engelhardtia
    11 Mauwa spicata 15 20 0.43 A AE. 4.35 0.09 3.39 12fl
    tz Sirnal I Bombax ceiba
    a
    10 2 40 0.27 s.70 I 2.90 1 0.05 2.09 / J.(

    0.21 AlEl i^ra, 0.04 1.65 7.


    13 Khiro Cucumis Sp ZU

    14 Areli
    t1
    Acacia spp 1 5 1 2J 0.04 4 35 I 1.45 | 0.01 n a1

    ltssD _5-8 NEA I


    t
    I
    13?-i220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Huo
    ond Chi!ime - f rishuli 220 kV Tronsntission !ine Praiect !EE Repor[

    1 ; tn I w.rw
    -w i n rn a 3!_i_r a5L
    i
    I
    0.02 c.79
    1 i 20 i o.oe i 4.35 I 1.4s i 0.c2 Q.71
    2ci rl2oti o54i 4.3s1 5.80i
    il=T**"
    Saurauia Sp a.11
    1C0C 122.3
    0li
    i
    i I rotat 4043, _
    2.s4 I 99.e6 I

    Tropical and iub'tropical brcadleaved Mixed Forest , 17 different species of trees were recorded
    in the 5 sample plois, equivalent tc 20000 m2 area along the proposed22O kV transmission line
    alignment. Estimated tree density is 345 trees per ha. Among the recorded and measured species
    the imporlant value index (lVl) of Salla is the higher value having of g7.68 follcweC by Chilaune
    (25.28), Sal (21.13) respectively. Table -5.7 (a) shows the tree density per ha, frequency, basal
    are ln m2lha, relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importani value index
    (lVl) if the sample species of ihe tropical and subtropical broadleaves mixed forest in the projeci
    area.

    Ground flora consists of common herbs like Banmara (eupatorium adenophorum), Titepati
    (ArTernisia indica), Areli also observed in the forest site.

    5-2.1.7 Forest Management Practice


    i) Community Forest
    Community Forest is a National Forest handed over to the Forest user grorrps pLrrsr-rant to section
    25 cf Forest Act 1993 for its management, development, conservation and utilization for the
    collection interest. The formr-rlation of the National Forestry Plan (1976) provided a policy base
    iniiiating forestry development works in Nepal and was a paradigm shift in policy towards
    participatory foresiry. Community Forests have been formed in the project areas by the local
    people to meet their daily fuel fodder, timber and other requirement.

    Normally, Forest User Group prepares operational forest management pian for 5 years. The
    concerned DFO officer approves the operational forest management plan. As per the peoples
    need and dernand and concepiualize new ideas, the users group revised the 5 year operation
    plan and again approved by the DFO office. The- proposed transmission line alignment passes
    through 18 Community forests (1 in Nuwakot, 17 in Rasuwa district) having 1132.85 ha of land
    and having more than 1612 households directly benefitted.

    About 51.O7oh of total length cf TL alignment passes through forest land among 40 angle points,
    11 APs (1,2,3,6,19,20,24,25,27,38,and 39) are located within the forest area. And 5 AP (4, 5,7,8
    and 15) in the barren land. Most of the following community forest have been hancled over the
    forest users groups. The main tree species found in these Community Forests are Sal (shorea
    robusta), Chilaune (Schemia wallichii), Khote salla (Pinus ruxburghifi,Khirro 0,Simal (Bombax
    ceiba, laligurans. Koiralo (Bahunia varigata), Dhanyero, , Baikano (Melia azadirach), etc. The
    details of Community Forest found in the orcpcsed transmission line ccrridor are given in table
    q,q

    ES^SD j-9 NEA


    132i220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    lL, po.t^ff
    t
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project

    Table 5.5: List of Affected Community Forest passing through the Transmission line
    corridor in Nuwakot and Rasuwa Districts
    I
    Rasuwa
    I
    i irorest lBenefitted Affected
    SN
    1
    Name of CF
    Naonggang Pakha
    ward
    Goljung,9
    No I Rngle Points I nrea
    AP0toAPl i 88.5
    I Hn
    171
    FA
    I
    AP2toAP3 |
    2

    4
    Golgung Pigore
    (lilnr
    vr.Ysr.9

    Chhennann
    hn
    rnn ,.lDarhnndo
    ,ii""ii
    ue. rYvvv
    Goljung,l -9
    Gnlir rnn
    lGatlanoTS
    nrt 1 -Q
    ver,_.,J AP4toAP5
    AP3toAP4 i
    67
    78
    1A
    132
    147
    106 I
    2.316
    1.938
    3.189
    t
    ' !_

    5 Bomjomane
    -lomokharka
    I Gatalang,l -6 AP5toAP6
    I
    87 173 3.516
    I
    Haku 1 AP6toAPT 47 4l t.4Y+
    I
    6 Nehasing
    7 Nehasingpakha Haku,2 APTtoApS 75 JJ 2.154
    Rilunehasing
    B

    I
    Danda
    Thulo haku
    kaloban
    Haku 2,7

    Haku,4,6
    AP9 to AP 10

    AP12 to AP 19
    14.5 B6

    140
    2.487

    5 634
    I
    10 Dachhinkali Haku.B.9
    Haku,9, c/o
    AP 19 to AP24 182.25 83 7.626
    I
    11 Goqane Mahila Dachhinkali AP 24 to AP 25 1.047
    12 Guptipakha Dandagaun,T
    Dandagaun,6
    AP 25 io AP 26 167.46 56 1 965
    I
    4Z 1.008
    13

    14
    Dharnnapakha

    Chipletipatal
    Thulogaun
    8,9
    AP 26 to AP 2E

    AP 28
    43

    68.44 104 2.019


    I
    4tr,
    IJ

    16
    Kareli Gaunthali
    Dhuskore
    Thulogaun,8
    Thulogaun,B
    ,qP 30 to AP 31
    AP 31 to Ap 32
    5.52
    5.32
    34
    115
    0.15
    0.1 5
    n 4q,
    I
    17 Chhangetuppo thulogaun,T AP 33 to Ap 34 1.37 29

    Nuwakot
    Total 981.86 1512 38.598
    I
    4
    I Jamlebhirpakha
    Total
    Manakamana,
    5
    AP 37 to AP
    150 99
    1132.85
    i00
    1612
    201
    201
    I
    1B Grand Total
    Pirror anrl F?irrr rlotq
    40.608
    123
    _^;
    I
    Barren and Cliffs z. tuJ
    Tower Pads Along ffi
    ROW Forest U. JO

    Total Affected
    Forest Area 44.901 w
    Source: Field survey, 2014

    t
    ESSD
    j- r0 NEA t
    I
    li
    1:.?/22C kV Chiline 5ub-stqtian Hub
    on:l Chilime - Trish'-tli 22C kV Transnlissi,.n line Prcjeci l! E Reparl

    ii) Leasehold Forest


    Gcvernment cf Nepal may grant any pa,.t of a national fcrest as a I easehold Forest througn
    leasehold foresi users group tc prcduce raw material for the fcrest based rndustries, agro forestry,
    to plant trees tc increase forest prcducts for sale or distribution or for use. The leaseholdforestry
    program has been focusing in reinfoi'cing the highly degraded condition cf the forest and land
    i'esources by groups of people living below povefly line. ThB objective cf the Leasehold Forest
    were to raise ihe income of families below poverty line and to improve the ecologicai condiiions
    through various activities such as leasing degraded forest lands io ihe group of poor households,
    establishing forest nurseries. fcrming cooperatives, providing training and raising awareness anC
    income.

    In the project area, there are no Leasehoici Forests in the proposed transmission line ccrridor.
    Rasuwa District Forest Office is planning to handover some leasehold forest to users group as
    soon as possible. The users groups have already prepared their constitutions and but not
    managed to register it .The User's Group of these Leasehold Forests consists will be deprived
    community, Poorest of the poor (POPs), indigencus & tribal people and marginalized people

    5.2-1.8 Ethno botany


    Various uses of plants have been observed in the project area.'Traditional uses of plants are
    common in project area and are integral pari of livelihood. Some of common medicinal plants
    found in the project area are Chutro (Berberis aristata), Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum), Amaia
    (Phyllartthus emblica), Asuro (adhatoda vasica). Titepati (Artemesia capillaries), Ghodtapre
    / r/-an+nli^ --;-t^-\ V' t.^l^ | A ^^^^^' '^ vt tlr qltu,
    ^l-';.^;+^
    I twil !Qilo ) | vt ^+^
    JLu.
    \ vutraatttq aoia.|)a J t t\ur 9ru \nJA/goyuo ^f{;^;^^l;^\

    5.2.2 lVildlife
    The local residents informed that, the movements of wildlife in the project are is very low, because
    of frequently movement of vehicles on the highway and stream like Mailung khola. Forest is
    disturbed due to the forest fire, cattle grazing and construction of the village rcad caused
    disiurbance to the wildlife and its habitat. Some of the wildlife reported in the project is migratory
    and not confined in the only to the project area The proposed project area is not a specific habitat
    for any wildlife.

    5.2.2.1 iVlamrnals
    A number of mammalian species are reported from the prcject area. Some of them are common
    rrrild animals such as. Leopard (Panthera pardus), Barking deer (Muntiacus munjak), Jackal
    (Canis aureus), Pcrcupine (Hystrix lndica), Rnesus Monkey (Macaca mulata), Common Langoor
    {Presbytis entellus), Malsapro (Martes flavigula), squirrel (Fuinambulas palmaurum), Jungle Cai
    (Fells chaus), Fox (Vulpes vulpes) etc.

    5.2.2.2 Birds
    Forest, agricultural field, wetlands, villages, rivers, streams, gorges, and cliffs provide variety of
    habitat for different species of birds. Common bird species iound in the project area are Common
    Myna (Acridotheres fn,slrs), House Swift (,4pus affinis), House Crcw (Corvus splendens), Spctied
    Dove (Streptopelia chinensrs) and House Spai'row (Passer domesticus; Titra (Francoltnus sp),
    Kalij Phesant (Lophura leucomelanal, Redumped 'swallow (Hirundo daurica), Kcilee

    _;- i l
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    t
    Trishuli 220 kV Tronsotissior: line P!'oJect IEE Repcrt
    and Chilime -
    (Eudyanamus sp), Parrot (Psitla vernalis), Red Jungle Fowl (Gal/us galius), elc are reported bird I
    species in the project area.

    5.2-2.3 Reptiles and AmPhibians


    I
    Barred Moniter (Varanus bengalensis), House Gecko (Hemidactylus frentus), Cornmon frog (
    Rana tigrina), G.olden toad ( Bufo bufo) are some of the common species of i-eptiles and
    amphibians reporled in the project area.
    I
    5.2.2.4 Rare, Endangered, Threatened and Protected Species of Flora and Fauna
    Due to the forest destruction, degradatron and tragmentatton and narvesting of wiici animais have
    I
    become rare anC endangered in Nepal. The bird species found in prolect area are comrnon and
    ..,:r^r., r:^3-:L-,,+^.J;^ +t-^ rvulrrr' tha nrnier-t area iq nni
    marrnloin nf Nlanal Frron thnrrnh
    -;-t'.tl^ lllvurl\qrrr vr rtvPqr'
    VVI(JEIV tllStllUULCLl lll Lllg llll\luls '-'""rimnnftant I
    na[,)ltijl, lul laullil. oullltr: ul Ulrt frldllt dr ru vvilu drilrrrorJ rePvrteu rrvrrr trre |,rvJvvr qreq vv,v"Y rv
    different categories of Rare, Endangered, Threatened and Protected species of flora and fauna,
    Listed plant species in the project area are Sal (Shorea robusfa),and Simal (Bombax ceiba) .
    t
    Similarly, Rhesus monkey (Macca mullatta), common langur (Maccac assarnensis) and leopard
    (Panthera parades) are the listed wild animals found in the area' I
    5.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment
    5.3.1 Ge'neral Introduction of the Project affected districts
    The propo sed 1321220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime Trishuli 22O kV Transmission line
    I
    project is located in two districts (Nuwakot and Rasuwa) of Bagmati Zone, Central Development
    Region of Nepal. The total area of 2 districts is 2,665 Sq. km. According to National Populaticn t
    census 2O11, the iotal population of the project affected districts is 3,20,771 with 1,54,262 male
    and '1,66,509 fernale. The percentage of the male and female population is 48.09 and 51.91
    respectively. The project affected district population covers 1.21% of the total population of the
    I
    country. The average population density of the project districts is 138 persons/sq.km. There are
    68993 households and the average household size is 4.56. Similarly, the average literacy rate
    (Population of five years and above) of the two project districts is 56.7%, which is lowei'than the
    I
    national literacy rate 65.94%. The average male and female sex ratio is 95-09. General
    demographic introduction of the project districts is presented in the Table- 5.6. I
    I
    I
    W

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    NEA I
    I
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stot;on Hub
    and Chilinte - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission linz prcie:t IFE rlepar :

    Table -5.6: Demographic Characteristics of the Project districis


    j Drstrict i Rasuwa i Nuwakot I TotallAveraoe i

    I Female 21825 144684


    i Total Nubmers of Households
    j Average Households size
    Population Density (persons/
    Sq km) 248
    I Sex Ratio (Males per 100 Females)
    Urban Population (%) 14.07
    Population below 5 years(%) 867 785 6.ZO
    Elderly Population 75+Years(o/o) i Z.AS i Z.aZ 2.75
    Economically Active Population
    (15-60 yrsX%) 56 42
    Percent of Literacy Rate (6 years &
    abcrre)
    Total Area of the Districts (Sq. km)
    Percent of District Populaiion
    Compared with Country's 016 1.05 I
    t.z-4 I

    Source. CBS 2011

    5.3.2 Socio-economic features of the Project VDCs/Municipatities


    The proposed alignment traverses through the 6 VDCs of two districts of Central Development
    Region of Nepal. The map showing the project affected VDCs is presented in figure-5.2. The 26.5
    km long transmission line is started from Thambuchet village, Goljung VDC of Rasuwa district to
    Trishuli 38 hub substation at Champani village, Manakarnana VDC of Nuwakot district. As per
    Electricity Regulations, 2050 (1993), the right of way of the transmission line is taken as i5
    meters on either side of the transmission line.

    5.3.2.1 Demography
    According to the National Population Census 2011, the total population of the project VDCs is
    11809 with 5614 males and 6195 females. The male and female percent of the project affected
    VDCs are 47.54 and 52.46 respectively. The female population is higher as compared with the
    male population. The population of the project VDCs covers only 3.68% of the total population of
    the project affected districts (320771). The total number of households is 2097 with average
    household size 4.38. The household size in Haku VDC is highest (4.90) and least at
    Manakamana VDC (4.21). The average population density of ihe project VDCs is 58.35 persons
    sq.km which ts lower than the average population density 138 persons/sq.km of the project
    affected districts. However, the project area covers five VDCs of Rasuwa district along which
    pcpulation density is only 28 persons/sq.km The population cjensity in Gatlan VDC is least (13.1
    persons/sq.km) and highest in Thulogaun VDC (1'13 persons/sq.km) among ihe project affected
    VDCs Deiail demographic characteristics of ine.oroject affected VDCs is presenied in the Table-
    5.7

    ESSD _j- ti NEA


    L32-/220 kv Chilime Sub-sbrian Hub
    'and Chiline - Trishuli 220 kV Transmissian line Praiect IFC Poanr'
    I
    Table-5.7: Derno graphic Characteristics of th e proj ect affecied VDCs/M unici pality I
    Po ulation

    District VDCs Population


    -=-l- I

    Male i Female HHs


    I
    i|
    Pop. Density i

    lprrsonsl- i ^t:l
    I
    i .
    sq.Km) I Ratio
    |

    4tr1-7 41.29 T
    i Nurnakot Manakamana 3321 I JJ I 1784 789
    "
    86.2
    UJJ 479 31 I 89.6
    2186
    t
    I Dandagaun I 1 153

    I
    i llnnar rn
    Thr rlnnar
    |...*.-9--...1.
    rn | 356
    135 h.-tr) 720 317 3 | 88.3
    Rasuwa Gatlanq i 1 805 888 917 13.1

    2169 1
    471
    049
    J\J I 26e
    443
    i 102.1
    496
    94.0
    I
    Total i tteog is0t+ | oigs lzagt i 5835 | 90.6
    Source: CBS 2011
    % 100 47.54 52.46 I
    5.3.2.2 Settlements
    Dense for.est, barren land and scattered settlements are found in the project area. The main
    t
    settlernents of the VDCs through which the transmission line passes are Thambuchet,
    Chyamdon, Gre, Nasin village, Hechambra, Sanu Haku, Thulo Haku, Gursumba, I
    Gogane,Chandane, Mailung Dovan, Siruchet, Deurali dada, Salim bhitta village, Khadku, Chipleti,
    Diyale, Dadagau, Pairegau, Archale and Champani. The table-5 B shows the name of settlernents
    and their locations bv districts.
    t
    Table-S.8: List of settlements through which transmission line passes
    SN Settlement VDC/M u n ici pa I ityM/ard District
    I
    4

    2
    Thambuchet
    I

    Chyamdol
    No.
    Goljung-1
    Goljung-2
    Rasuwa
    Rasuwa
    I
    J
    4
    Gre
    Nasin village
    Gatlan-7
    Gatlan-7
    Rasuwa
    Rasuwa I
    Hechambra dada Haku-1 Rasuwa
    h

    7
    Sanu Haku
    Relu odhar
    Haku-2 & 4
    Haku-7
    Rasuwa
    Rasuwa
    I
    I Gursumba dada
    I Lumba dada
    U bogane,
    Haku-7
    Haku-7
    naKu-o
    Rasuwa
    Rasuv,'a
    | \dJuvva
    I
    .1 I
    tl Deurali dada Haku-8 Rasuwa
    11 Kaptan Kharka Dadagau-6 Rasuwa ffi
    Siruchet Dadagau-7 Rasuwa

    I
    IJ
    w,
    14 Khadku Dadagau Rasuwa
    IC Chipleti Dadagau Rasuwa
    Rasuwa
    to
    17
    Diyale
    Dadagau
    Dadagau
    Dadagau
    Bisauni iThulogau-B
    RasuWa
    lRasuwa
    Ras'.Jwa
    t
    ItB lRchhi I

    -5- i4 NEA I
    I
    I
    Ii2i22O l<V Chilrnte Sub-stotion Hub
    ancl Lhilirne - Trtshuli 220 k\/ 1'ronsrnission !ine Prcject IEE Report

    19 i Saiim bhitta vrilage ; ThulogauJ Rasuwa


    I Thulcgau i Rasuula
    i 21 ; Archale Siran
    r--.-1_------.-
    I Manakamana-8 I Nuwakot
    | 22 Champani
    i I Manakamana i Nuwakot I

    Source. FieiC survev. 201 4

    5.3.2.3 Casta and Ethnicitv


    The project area is a multi-ethnic ccmposiiion of different crigins, culiures language and i-eligicn.
    Altogether 9 castesiethnic groups are found in the project area The dorninani caste groups that
    residing in the project area are inciigenous community (Tamang-70.A1% and Gurung-12.C8%).
    Government of Nepal has caiegorized 59 castes/ethnic groups as indigenous and tribal groups.
    Under this provision, there is 82.62% pcpulation in the project affected VDCs that fall under the
    category of Indigenous and Tribal groups and they occupy 3.04% of the total population of the
    project affected districts. The other Major caste/ethnic groups of the project area are Brahmin Hill
    (9.88%), Ghale (2.260/o).and Chhetri {1.18%). The Dalits community (Kami, Damai and Sarki)
    covers 335% of total population of the project area. The population disiribution by caste/ethnrc
    groups is presented in the Table-S.9

    Table-S.9: Population distribution by Caste/Ethnicity


    Caste/Ethnic groups of the Project Area
    l^
    ibu'uiul at I
    vocs I Total
    I

    I DistrictI g ri I n NevrarJ
    lNevr: nq lorroti lxami lcnate
    n( SarKt | '

    i l.luwaho ,f
    tl
    l.la;aka.na;-l-- rl
    tl
    I
    tli
    'i
    It ia | 3321 t/zo 84t 664j 28 4181 23! 195i 166 1q
    I

    I
    2
    l-
    I uanoagaun 2186 1570 18 360 223 i 1s
    Thulogaun i 1356 J IJ 37 1?) |
    785 29i 6C i ro
    Rasuwa
    Haku i 2169 2085 -1
    zl I oo i2 i23
    Gatlang ' 1805 l/cl 33
    r21
    lr
    Gollung 972 823 a1 14 iJ B9 i 12t

    Total 1 1 809_ 826B 139 1 167 63 1126 52 329 267 15 | es


    Percentage 100 70.o1 1,18 9.88 0.53 12.O8 0.44 2 7A 2.26 0.13 I 0.70
    Source: CBS 2011

    5.3.2.4 Mother Tongue and Religion


    Tamang (70.760/0) is the main language r,videly spoken in the project area. Besides Tamang, the
    second most spoken language in the project area is Nepali (25.69%) followed by Gurung (2.76%),
    Newari (0.40%), Ghale (0.i0%). and others (0.64%). Population distribution of the project area by
    rnother iongue is presented in the Table-5.16. Hindu and Bouddha are the major religion of the
    people cf project area. Besicies, lslam, Kirar, Christian and Prakriti are oiher reliqions founC in ihe
    projeci area.

    ES.SD i ]<
    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-stotion Hub I
    ct nd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsnission line Projecr lF F Rpnnrt

    Table-5.10: Populaiion Distr!bution by fulother Tongue I


    District VDCs Total TamangiNepali lGurung Newar ! Ghale Others
    Nuwakct Manakamana
    Dandagaun
    3321
    2181
    1716 i 1 466
    i
    108 zo
    I
    I
    .1 .1
    ll
    I
    Thulogaun J30
    I 301 1 046 9
    Rasuwa Haku 2169 2078 '21 1a
    lz 22 T
    cittang 805
    1 1784 43 14
    Goljung 972 910 48 14
    I
    I
    j uro i 0ki4
    I
    i Percentage
    Source: CBS 201'!
    | /i/6
    t'"'"1
    |
    2s.6e i i

    I
    5.3.2.5 Festivals, Cutturat and Religious Practices
    Most of the people of the project areaare Tamang and Gurung Community. So the majorfestivals I
    of the project area are Lhosar, Baisakh Purnima Jatra and Falgun Purnima Jatra. Similarly the
    festivals adopted by the Hindu population in the project area are Vijaya Dasharni, Tihar, Maghe
    Sankranti, Holi (colour festival), Ram Nawami, and Teej.
    I
    Popular iultural activities in the area are Dhami and Jhankri Naach (dance performed during
    various religious activities and festivals), Teej mela (fair), Bhailo and Deushi (singing and dancing
    I
    aciivities) in Tihar, Holi, (Bhajan/Kirtan in Ram Nawami and Kirshnajanmastami (praying by
    singing) and cultural programs in Shripanchami. I
    5.3.2.6 Education and Literacy
    According to National population census 2011, the total population (6 years and above) of the I
    project area is 10748 with male 4730% and female 5210o/o. Of thetotal population (population of
    age 6 and above years), the average literacy rate of ihe project area is 54.12% consisting
    60.11"h male and 48.69% female literacy rate (Table-S.5). The average liieracy rate (54.12%) of
    I
    the project affected VDCs are slightly lower as cornpared with the average literacy rate (56.7O%)
    of the project affected districts. This indrcate the educational status of the project affected VDCs is
    satisfactory.
    I
    Tab'le 5.11: Literacy Status of Project affected area

    VDCs
    Total Population
    Can Read&Write Literacv Rate
    I
    6 vears & above

    211 karnan
    Total lMale !Female Total Male I Femate Total imale iFemale
    3OB3 l'1405r 1678 849 9s? | R97 qqqTlA-77A I 6?44
    I
    Dandaoaun 1 996 940 1 056 I lJV 656 574 61.62 69 79 54 36
    Thulogaun 1242 582 660 764 JtJd 376 ol 51 66.67 56 97 W
    Haku 1942 933 1 009 831 4ZZ 409 42.79 45.23 44.54
    Gatlang 1 591 791 800 830 474 356 52.17 59.92 44 50
    w
    Goljung 894 433 +ol 417 222 195 46.64 51 27 42 30

    I
    Total 10748 5084 5664 5921 a4 4.4
    J I ta 2BA7
    Percentage 100 47.30 52.70 41.33 ?< 4q 46.88 54.12 60.11 I 48.69
    Source: CBS 2011
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chiltme 5ub-station Hub
    cnd Chilinte - Trishuli 220 kV Transnission line Prolect lr"E Report

    According io district source of are 69 primary schools, 2C lower seconclary


    Rasuvrra, ihere
    5L/r tu(,,tD, 4O
    -nhnnrr cannllary Schools, 10 higher secondary schools in ihe project aifected Rasuwa
    rZ. DEUUI
    district. And there are 1O primary, 5lor,ver secondary, 3 secondary and 2 higher seccndary
    schools in project affected VDCs cf Rasuwa distr-ici. The list of schools ci project affected VDC
    Rasuwa is given below.

    Table- 5.12 i'lame of the Schcols of Prcject affected VDCs


    I
    Name of the School 1 VDC Primary Lower Secondary I
    High er
    I Secondary Qornnrirrv

    I Shree Parbaii kunda HSS I Goljung


    Shree Neoal Rashtriva Sec School I Gatlan
    Shree Gre LSS, Gre gau Gatlan
    Shree Haku Sec School, Thulo Haku
    Shree Kalika Primary School, Gogane
    Shree Tiru Primary School, Tiru
    Shree Hakubesi LSS, Hakubesi
    Shree Baluday Primary School I Haku
    Mailungoe.si
    Shree Gosaikunda Primary School, I Haku
    Sano Haku
    Shree Parbatikunda Pnmary School, Haku
    Hakr.r
    Shree Bhumedevi Sec. School, Thulogau
    Thulogau
    i Shree Saraswoti LSS, Paire
    Shree Simle Primarv School Simle
    Shree Daciagau HSS, Dadagau
    Shree Panchalinge LSS, Khadku
    Shree Karumran LSS. Karumran
    Shree Chipleti Primary School, Chipleii i Dadagau
    Shree Ganesh Primary School, I Dadagau
    O:-,.^L^+ _.
    Siruchet I

    Shree Dipendra Primary School,


    Katunje
    Shree Bhumedevi Primary School, I Dadagau
    Karumran i

    Total
    Source: District Profile, Rasuwa 2071

    5.3.2.7 Migration
    Due to presence of infrastructures. better facilities, and fertile cultivated land, the in-migration
    pattern from hilly area to terai region is common practice in the project area. The out-migration,
    specially the young generation migrates io acrcad seeking fcr employment ts also common.
    A/rara.,-i-
    rvtdtd v)td. Aatzr cl.rd Dubai are the main cjestinations in abroad to mosi of the migrant. Hence,
    \lldLdr
    remrttance is the prominerit source of income for most landless, poor, and marginalized
    households of tFre prolect area.
    NEA
    L32i220 kV Chiiime Sub-stotion Hub I
    anC Chilime -Trishuli 22O kV Transmission line proieci IEE Report

    The in-migration io the center Kathrnandu for various purposes like business, employment. stLrdy
    I
    and medicai services is also cornrnon in ihe project area.
    Unemployment, lcwer educational leve!, low agr-iculturai production anC desire of rmproving
    quality of life as well as social trend are the nrain reasons of nrigration in the project area.
    I
    Migration has helped to improve socio-economic stair-rs of the. local people cf the projeci area and
    positive impact on local economy. I
    5.3.2.8 Gender Status
    Aboi;t 52,ic"/o of tuiai pu1-.,uiiaiiurris wurrrerr irr iire projecr area however: tne iiteracy rate olwomen
    t
    iii ii-re projeci area is iow (48.69%) as compareci with the mate titeracy rate (60.11%). There are
    fundamental challenges of genclereqrtality in the project area. Domestic and social burden fal! on
    the,..v.:n.:*=n,:r-, ti;uy;iiu u-:.i-.ullc,j lu u;i.:jeiai.:a ail ti.:= c'.:n-resiic r,irorei iii.u iului iiiig wiri.ci,
    t
    cooking, washing, food processing, household maintenance, hygiene and sanitation activities and
    looking after the children in addition to feeding their families. The result is that rather than being
    able to concentrate on activities that earn incorne, many women spenC majority of their tinre
    I
    undertaking dornestic activities. In regards to land and properly ownership women are known ro
    have a say on them. I
    The deciSion making process on economic activities is mostly exercised by the both male and
    female. However, women have lack of access to land and property holding and restrictions on
    I
    family inheritance. The result is that rather than berng able to concentrate cn activities that earn
    income, many women must spend the majority of their time undertaking domestic activities. I
    5.3.2.9 Econornically Active Population and Economic Activities
    According to CBS 2O11, the total population of age 15 to 59 years of the project affected VDCs is
    calculated to be 635'1 which is 53.78% of the total population of the project affected VDCs.
    I
    Hence, there is 53.78% population categorized as econornically active. Similarly, there is 46.22%
    dependent population of which 34.68% are below 15 years and'l 1.54o/o are senior citizen (sixty
    years and abotre age). The dependency ratio in the town is 1'.1.16', this is very high, as every 100
    t
    people who are working have to support 116 dependants Unemployment.
    I
    Agricultural is the main sDurce of income for the majority of people in the project area. Food crops
    such as rice, wheat, maize and millet are grown for food. Cash crops such as potato, beans and
    seasonal vegetables are grown by some subsistence farmers for their daily consumption purpose.
    I
    Livestock is farmed for nreat and milk

    ;.3-;. ii J--upo.i-,r ai,r, -ii,p.riuyrrerrL


    I
    The major occupation of the people of the project area is subsistence farming. After farming, the
    people are engaged in trade/business, service, labor, rnanufacturing, transportation and foreign w
    employment. Since ihere are rnany new projects running in the project area, the majcrity of
    unskilled people are engaged in daily wage activities in the projects operating there Tourism
    (trekking guide) is another attractive occupation for the youth of project area.
    L32i22C k\t (..hilinte 5ub,stotion Hub
    and Chilinte-- lrishuli 220 k\/ Tronsn'tissior; !ine proiect lEE Re port

    5.3.2.11 Public Heaith, Drinking ryVater and Sanitation


    Health posts and sub-health posts are available almost rhe entire prcject affected VDCs. The
    district level health facility is avarlable in district heaCquarters Dhunche. Rasuwa and Bidur
    Nuwakot- Similarly, a rural hospital. which is localed at Setrawali bazaar cf Laharepauwa VDC
    (Rasuvrza distr-ici), is also providing health service io the pro.iect affecied VDCs (Manakarnana,
    Dadagaun and Thul.ogaun). Falls/injuries/fractures, gastric, diarrhea, skin diseases, mouth
    complaints/idothaches, Respiraiory Tract Infeciions, Headache, Iniestinal Worms, Pyrexia of
    Unknown Origin, abdo,'ninal pains, bronchitis and ear complaints, Vitamin and nutntional disease
    are ihe most cornmon diseases reported frcm the project area. (Source. District profile of
    Rasuwa, 2071). There are many NGOs and INGOs working in the field of health sector in district
    level. KFK the non government organization working in health sector is found in Goliuno VDC cf
    project area.

    On the average 1266 households (46.94% cf total households) in the project area are equippeo
    with toilet facilities. This indicates that the level of awareness pariicularly towards the use of toilet
    is satisfactory in the project area. However, still a large portion of population of the project area
    use open defecation along the river or in the open fields.
    Tap/piped water; spout water, uncovered well and river are the major sources of drinking water in
    the projeet area. Among the total households of the project area, 80.0S% use tap/piped water,
    14.02o/o use spout water, 3.OB% use uncovered well and 1 .37o/o use river for drinking purpose.
    (source: CBS 201 1)

    5.3.2. -1 2 ! nfrastructu re
    i) Transportation
    Pasang Lahmu Highway from Kathmandu to Dhunche is the main roacj access to the pro1ect
    area. Galchi-Trishuli road is also used to entre project area. The transmission line alignment is
    close io the link road. Daily bus services from Kathmandu to Trishuli and Trushuli to Dhuncne
    available throughoui the year. Similarly, the nearest airport to the site is Kathmandu Tribhuwan
    airpod.
    Most of the section of the transmission line corridor has no road access though the transportation
    facility to project district has highly developeC. The project affected VDCs Galang an6 Thuiogau
    have Kachchi road, however it haven't facilitated to daily bus services. Dadagau VDC has
    Kachchi road and it has daily bus service. The local bus from Dhunche goes to this VDC once a
    day' Though Haku VDC is large in size, it is farfrom infrastructural development. There is no road
    facility in this VDC. There is only feeder road to connect this VDC to the district headquarler.
    However, the proposed substations has accesseC through daily bus services from Kathmandu

    ii) Communication
    Comrnunication services such as mobile, CDMA and landline phone facilities are available in
    most of the VDCs. Modern communicaiion facilities like cable-network, e-mail, internet and fax
    are available in the market areas. Accesses of some local and national level newspapers are
    also available in the district head quarters, settlement close to the main high way and market

    ESSD j- i9
    IVEA
    i32i220 kV Chilime sub-station Hub
    Trishttli 220 kV Tronsntissian liti: Project
    Itr! Qonnrl
    I
    ond Chilime -
    iii) Energy I
    Electricity is one of the major sources cf energy fcr lighting in the project area. Almost ail project
    affected VDCs are fully electrified through the national grid system cr through sclar power.
    Similarly, fue! wocd is the main scurce cf energy fcr cooking in the project area. Kerosene and LP
    I
    gas are also used particularly in market centers.
    .,
    iv) Market centeis and other service facility
    I
    Betrawati, Shanti bazaar, Dhunche, Syaprubeshi, Goljung are the major markets and trade I
    centers of the project area. The average distance of ihese market centers fro,'n the proposed I
    transmission line corridor is. ranged trom 5uum to zb Km.
    The other service facilities available in and around the prolect area are heaiih posi, heaith care
    ^^-t^-^
    t-Cl ltEl>, Ag(lUtll(Lll(' conrinn .ontro
    ^^-;^,,t+,,.a OElvlvs vvlr\rv' ,..,picrin:rrr
    vvrvrrrrqu r.enter nosta! SenfiC.e. eClr-tCatiOnal institUtiOnS,
    puiiue oiTice, coopei-aiive oifice aricj baiikiiig seiviuu, -iu.
    t
    I
    v) Development Activities
    There are a number of development activities found in the project area. There are some hydro
    electric projects that are constructed and some are in the process to construct in the pro.lect area.
    I
    In the same way, there are cheese industries, mineral water industry in the project area. Some
    important development activities in the project area are shown Table-S 13' I
    Table- 5.13: List of Development activities in the project area (districts)
    Name of structures I Location
    Chilime HEP (22 MW) Syaphrubesi,Rasuwa i In Operation
    I
    \ | t I Timure, Thuman, I Under
    I
    i

    Rasuwagadhi
    r\ijsuwilgdLjlll IHEP
    lt:T (111 I

    Rasuwa i Construction
    Upper Trishuli 3,A HEP
    I
    I

    (6oMW) I Construction
    4 Sanjen HEP (14.8 MW) Chilime. Rasuwa Under
    Construction
    I

    I
    i

    6 Mailunq Khola HEP (6 Dadagau, Rasuwa Under i

    MW) Construction I

    Gosaikunda
    Product Center
    Cheese Syaphrubese-6,
    Chandanbari
    in Operation

    Lamtang-7, Kyanjin i In OPeration


    t
    7 Lamtang Cheese Product

    Nara l. Himalavan Sprinq Dhunche-8, Dhunche I


    I
    Water Company
    Source. District Profile, Rasuwa; 2071 ffi

    5-3.2.13 Law and Order


    Law and order situation in project area is comparatirrely improved after ihe changes in naiionai
    I
    politics. The zonal ireadquarlers district police office ancl illaka police station is rnaintaining the
    law and order situation in the proieci area. I
    ES*SD
    t-?0 t
    I
    I
    132ft20 kt/ Chiiirne Sub-stoti.:n l-iub
    cnd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV f r.-:itsrlission tine praiec! IE€ Repori

    5.3.2.14 Religious and cuitural places


    Most of the pecple follcw Boudciha religicn in ihese areas so that rnost reiigicus sites are
    Scuddha Gumbas. Besides these Baba Gcsai KunCa, Uttar Gaya. Kalika Teryrple, Bhairavi,
    Jalapa Devi. Ugraiara, Ram Tentple etc are ihe majcr religicus sites of the projeci ar-ea.

    Nuwakot Darbar, Sagar Kunda, Devighat, Uir'ar Gaya, Bohacjehi Tai, panchakanya Surung,
    Himalayas, bay'angin valley, Surya Kuncla, Parvati Kunda, -i-atopani, Godaiabela, Chandanbari
    Dhunche' Sapru etc are the main tourisiic antj historical sites. During the field visit, the
    archeological, historicai and cultural sites cf significant importance along :he RoW
    were not
    reported.

    The major festivais of the project area are Buddha Jayanti, Baisakh purne, Falgun purne
    Dashami, Tihar, Teej, Maghe Sankranti, Fagu Holi, Ram Nawami, Uvati-Udhali and
    , Vilaya
    Lhosar.
    Lhosar festival is celebrated by the Sherpa, Tamang and Gurung, and ld for Muslim communitres.

    5-3.2.15 INGOs and NGOs A.ctivities


    Some Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs), Clubs anrd International Non-governmental
    Organiza.tions (lNGOs) are working in the field of energy & watdr supply, health & sanitailon,
    spons' women awareness, infrastructure development and income generating activities in the
    prolect area' The major NGOs and INGOs which are working in the different fields of
    the project
    area are Decentralized Local Government Supporl Program supported by UNDp, Rural
    Community Infrastructure Works Program (DFID), Deceniralized Action for Chiidi-en and Women
    (Ui'iiCEF), RuraiAccess improvement and Deceniralization project (lDA), Agricultural perspective
    Plan Program (DFID), Micro Enterprise Developrnent Program (UNDP), National Derzelopment
    Voiunteer Service (National Planning Commission) etc. These NGOs and INGOs are suoportino
    local people to improve their socio-economic status.

    5.3.2.1 6 Tourism Activities


    The project affected Rasuwa district is rich in natural, cultural and historical touristic aitractions
    The Sanjen Himal, Ganesh Himal, Canjin Valley, Lantang Himal, Gosai Kunda, Dudh Kunda,
    Bhairab Kunda, Saraswoti Kunda, Parbati Kunda, Surya Kunda, Uttar Gaya Betrabati, are
    the
    major tourist attraction centers in Rasuwa district. Similarly, Gumbas, Mane Jatra, Syabru Naach.
    Horne stay, Kalika temple, Dhaibung, Ghatu Naach are the cultural attractions of the project area.

    5.3.3 Profile of the project affected households


    5.3.3.1 Population and Households
    Households survey of 30 households from project affected VDCs have been conducted. The
    survey reveals that the total population of the project affected sample household is 208 of which
    105 (50.48o/o) are male and 103 (49.52ck) are female. Similariy, the average households size and
    sex ratio of the project affected households are 6.9 and 1.02 respectively. As per the broad age
    group classification, the majoriiy of population fails in the age group of 'lS-59 year. whjch
    cornprised cf 61.08% population. Sirnilarly, the total dependent population (population of the age
    grouo 0-i4 years anC senior citizen-age group of 6C year ani abcve) is gj (38.g4%).

    ESSD
    TYLA
    J.32/220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    I
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsntission Iine Project IFF Fennrt

    Tvpe of familv "


    I
    Joini type of family is dominant in the project affecied households Of the iotal 30 households. 19
    (63.33%) households are categorized as joint type and tne rest 11 (36.67%) are nuclear type. t
    Marital status
    Of the total 2dB pboulaticn,llO (52.88%)Lre mar,-ieC and 91 (43.75%) and unmarried. Similarly,
    I
    the populaticn of widow/widower is 7 (3.37%).
    ;
    5.3.3.2 Religion
    Hinduisrn and Buddhism are the two main religions followed by project affected households. The
    majority of the project affecteci househoicjs BA"h are Bucjdhist followed by Hindu 2Ooh, The
    I
    dornrnant populatron oi Euddhists is inhabited in Goljung, Gailang, Haku and Dadagau VDCs.
    Similarly, Majority of Hindus is inhabited in Thulogau and Manakamana VDCs. I
    5.3.3.3 Mother Tongue
    Nepali and Tamang are the main mother tongues spoken by the.surveyed households. About
    I
    73.33% of the surveyed households speak Tamang and the remaining 26.670/o households speak
    Nepali language. I
    5.3.3.4 Occupation
    Agricuiiure is the main occupation of the surveyed households. About 29.55o/o of the surveyed
    t
    households have adopted agriculture as a main occupation. The percentage of househclds
    occupied other than agriculture is Labour wage 28.79 o/o (18.94o/o, inside the country and 9.85%,
    outside the country); service (5.30%), students (19.7A%) and households work (14.39%). Tl-re
    I
    table-5.14 depicts the detail of the occupational distribution of ihe surveyed households.

    Table-5.14: Occupational Cornposition of Surveyed Population (14 to 59 years) by sex


    t
    Major Occupations
    Male
    Gender
    Female I Total I
    No. % No. % No. -/o

    Agriculture
    Business and Small
    tl 25.00
    A A1
    22 34.38 I 39 29.55
    I
    a.a I 0 000 227
    Industry
    Labor wage(ln
    t3 22.06 10 1563 | 25 1 8.94
    I
    Labor wage(Outside
    13 19 12 0 0.00 13 9.85 ffi
    country)
    Service(lnside
    6 882 1 t.co 7 5.30
    country)
    4.) ry
    Student 1A
    l5 20.59 IL 18.75 lo 19.70
    Household Work 0.00 29 69 4a
    t:, 14.39
    I
    0
    _i
    l

    Total 6B 100.00 n4 l
    I
    10030 w 00.00 I

    Source: Fielci Survev 2O14

    ESSD J-:a
    -_-]
    NEA I
    t
    t
    132/220 kV Chilimt Sub-station Hub
    oi'rd Chiline -,Trisn,.iii 220 kV Transmission iine Prolen iiE ReL'crl

    5.3.3.5 Liieracy
    From the household survey, it is revealed ihai 73.33o/o of the surveyed oopulaiions are literate
    w'ith male literacy raie 80.0% and female iiteracy rate 66.32o/o.

    Table-S.15: Literacy Status (6 years and above) cf Project affecteC population


    j Literacy I
    Female Total
    Status Male
    No. l % I No. 1 o/o i ruo.
    20 20 00
    Literate 8000 I
    n^^a!
    cc.Jl I
    143 I

    100 1o00ol gs j 10000 I 195 100 00 I

    Percentage 51.28 48.72 100.00


    Source: Field survev. 201 4

    Of the literate population, percentage of having Primary Level, Lower Secondary Level.
    Secondary Level, SLC, Intermediate Level and Bachelors Level education are 33.57, 22.38,
    1 1.89, 2.80, 4.20 and 4,90 respectively. Popuiation having liierate only is 20.28%. The table-5.'16
    describes'the educational attainmeni among the literate population of the sample households.

    Table-5.16: Educational Attainment among the Literate Population of the Project Area
    Educational Male Female i Totat
    Attainment No. /o No. /o No. %

    Literaie only 20.00 i 13 20 63 29 2o2B i

    Primary Level to 22 34.92 4B 57


    Lower I

    4A
    Secondary 17 50 1B 28 57 JL 22 3B
    I

    Secondary 11 | 13.75 6 i 952 17 i 11B9


    SLC 1 1.59 A
    2.80
    Intermediate 5 6.25 1 o 4.20
    Bachelors and
    above q 6.25 a
    Z 3.17 7 4.90
    Total (Literate) B0 i 100 00 53 I 100 00 4^2
    I-J 100.00
    Source: Field survev. 2014

    5.3.3.6 Land ownership status and holding size


    Households survey shows that hundred percent of the sanrpled households have their own iand
    for cultivation. The average land holding size of the surveyed households is estimated to oe
    1.139ha. The higher landholding size is in Haku VDC (1.668) and the lower landholding size is in
    Dadagau VDC (0.424). The table-S.17 represents the average holdings size cf the households of
    the surveyed pcpulation.

    -;-2
    j NEA
    JJliz2U kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 22C kV Trcnsmissior.t line project
    I
    IEE Repori

    I
    Goljung 4 i 1.C71 : 3374 4.714 5.15e i 1.290
    I
    Haku 1L
    | 3.571 :, 14.337 3.775
    Dadagaon I 0.867 i 2s2s
    1.786 i 0.714
    r.ootJ
    I
    Mankamana 0.s61 I 0.867 I

    q.46V 34.16'2 |1139


    I
    I

    0.1 50
    I
    Land holdinq size
    surveyed households have been classifiec on the basis of
    different landholding categories such
    I
    as marginal, small, medium, and large. Majority of the households
    srnall type families having own land ranges from 0.5 ha
    type having land 2'0ha to 4.0 ha and the rest 5.45o/o are
    i.e. 55.42 % irecategorized as
    to 2.0 hawhereas 39.13% are medium I
    marginalfarmers havrng land less than
    0'5 ha' The distribution of the land holding size on the basis of
    Table-S.18.
    holding category is shown in
    I
    fiUt"- S.tg, Dirtri tds by Landhotding Size
    Landholding
    Categories*
    Households Total
    Landholdings
    I
    uategory Size of
    holding
    (ha)
    No. o/
    /o Area(ha) o/
    I
    Marginal
    Small
    Up to 0.5
    0.5 - 1.0 I
    23.33
    30.00
    1.862
    6.734 tJ.t
    5.45
    I
    I
    1.0 - 1.5 6 16.67 5.414

    Medium
    1.5 - 2.0
    2.0- 4.0
    5 ro_o/
    4 13.33 6.785
    13.367
    15.85
    I

    39.13
    Y.OO t
    Total 30
    Source: Household Survev ZOt+
    100.00 34.162 100.00
    I
    *Landholding
    categories baseci on Rural credit Review stuoy 1gg1/g2, Nepal
    (Central Bank of Nepat), 1999
    Rastra Bank I I

    Land holdinq size bv tvpe of tand


    W
    Low land irrigated paddy field (khet), up land (bari) and
    sloppy land ( pakho bari) are the main
    land types owned by surveyed households. on the basis
    of type of land, the holding size of bari is
    highest i'e. 0]27 ha followecj by irrigated paddy fietd (o.262ha) Y
    and pakho bari (0.150ha).

    I
    ESSD i 1,1
    NEA I
    I
    I
    1,32/220 kV Chilime Sub,sterian t-iub
    ond Chiiime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsntissiori tine ,araiect iE€ Reporr.

    Land transaction
    From the households survey, it is revealed ihat there \/as no an)/ land transaction occurred during
    last year.

    5.3.3..7 Agriculture
    The main cereal crops grovvn by the surveyed hcuseholds are p'aOOy, wheat, maize, and millet.
    Similarly, cash crop like potatoes and cilseeds ai'e also grolvn by scrne sampled households of
    upper side but very minimal amouni. From the households' survey, the total production of paddy
    uvheat, maize, millet and are 17.64 MT,6.02 MT,21.56 MT and 11.41 MI respeciively. Similarly,
    theaverageyieldof paddy,wheat, maize andmiltet are264MTlha, 1.g1 ttAr.ha, l.BBMTihaand
    1.14 MTlha respectively. The detarl of the major crcps, production and yield are presented in
    Table-5.19.

    Table-5.19: Major Crop Area Coverage, Production and Yietd in the Proiect Area.
    Description Major Crops
    Paddy I Wheat Maize Millet
    Total Cropped Area i O.0S I :. t S 11 ,47 10.01
    Total Production 17.64 | A OZ 21.56' 14 /,4 I t.-l

    (MT)
    Yield(MT/tra) 2.64 ir.gr 1 .88 1.14
    Source. Field Survev, 201 4

    5.3.3.8 lncome pattern


    Households survey shows that the total average annual income of the surveyed households is
    Rs. 2,92,240. Of the total incorne share of remittance is highest i.e. 74,800 (25.60%) followed by
    bonus (19.71%), agriculture and animal husbandry (7.e1%), service (12.20%), daily
    wages/porter (12.42o/o) and business (11.36). The Table-5.20 depicts ihe detail of the incorne
    sources of the surveyed households from different sectors.

    Table- 5.20: Annual Households lncome by Type of Income in the Project Area.
    neome 50urce Average
    lncome
    Agriculture and animal husbandry
    Income 52040 17 81
    Service 371 00 12 70
    Business ???nn f
    I

    Daily Wages/Porter Jt)JUU


    Pension/Briddha Bhatta 1200 I

    Remittance 74800 25.60


    Bonus 57600 19.71
    Total Average lncome 292240
    l9!19___J
    Source: Field survev. 201 4

    .ESSD
    IVEA
    J.3?-/220 kV Chilime Sttb-statian Hult T
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 22A kV Tronsntissian iine Proiect IFF tf pncri

    5.3.3.3 Expenditure pattern I


    The average expenCitui'e of the surrreyed households is Rs. 1,90,423. The share of expendiiure
    on non-fooQ item is higher i.e. 53.48% as conrparecj to food item (46.52%). Anrong the non-food
    items, the larger ponion of expenditure is for education i.e. 14.49%. After education, people spend
    I
    mcre income to celebrate festivals (13.31%). The share of cloihing is highest 12.05% follcwed by
    medicine (4.76%), fuel (3.38%), transportation (3.Ozyo) and ccmmunicaiion and electricity
    (2.47%). The distribution of expenditure paitern among the surveyed households is cjifferent in
    I
    different VDCs. The income and expenditure pattern of the surveyed households shor,vs ihat the
    ioial average annual saving is Rs. 1 01 817 I
    5.3.3.1 0 Drinking water
    T
    Pine water sr-rnnllr is the maior solrrce of clrinking water of the sLrn/e:/ecl nopL!lation. Hor-rsehcids
    survey shows that 83.33olo of the surveyed households of VDCs use pipe water supply in their
    homes where 13.33o/o of surveyed households use public tap for drinking purpose. The
    households survey shows that the available supply of drinking water is sufficient throughout the
    I
    \t atr
    t
    5.3.3.11 Source of energy
    Cookinq fuel
    Fuel wood, LP gas and Bio-gas are the main sources of energy for cooking purpose of the
    I
    surveyed households. About 80.00% of the surveyed households use fuel wood for cooking
    Durpose while 13.33o/o use LP gas and 6.67% use Bio gas. Households of Haku VDC use fuel
    wood oniy for cooking purpose.
    I
    Fuel wood is collected mostly from communiiy forest and private foresi. Aboui 79 17% of the
    households collect fuel wood from community forest while 20.83% coilect from own (prit,aie)
    I
    forest.

    Lightinq fuel
    t
    Household survey shows that most of the surveyed households (83.33%) use electricity for
    lighting purpose, where 13.33% use solar and remaining 3.33% of the surveyed households use
    kerosene lamp for lightin$' purpose.
    I
    5.3.3.12 Health and sanitation
    I
    On the average, 63.33% of the surveyed households have their own toilet for defection. Similarly,
    nearby forest area and open field are used by 26.67o/o households respectively.
    tvlanagement ol solrd waste drsposa|s poor rn tne surveyeo nousenolds. Inree metnoos sucn as
    I
    dump at safe place, burn and buried have been adopted by the surveyed households for the
    management of solid waste disposal. About 46.67% of the households have dumped the solid n
    waste at safe place, while 23.33% buried in near by house and2O.00oh burnt the solid waste.

    5.3.3.13 Knovrledge and Attitude Regarding the Project


    I
    Knowledqe
    Out of total 30 project affected households, 26 (86.67 %) nouseholds have knowledge about the
    proposed project and iis activities. Accorciing to the surveyed households, the main sources of
    I
    j-r6 NEA I
    I
    I
    132/22t kti Chilrme Sub-staIian Hub
    a nrl Chilirrte - Trish,-tii 220 kV Tronsn':issian line Proltcl

    informarion about the project activiiy are ihrougn the NEA emplcyeis, netghbors and others.
    ,\bout 80.77% ol the househclds got infcrnratlon frcrn NEA enrployers, 1i.54% qct infornration
    through neighbcrs and 7.69oh have kncwleCge through cther sources.

    Attitude
    About 56.67c/c of the hcuseholds have sncwn their pcsiiive attiiude tcwards tne DroposeC prcjeci
    while 16.67%bf the households are against the project activities and 20.00o/o are neutral.

    5.3.3.14 Expectation frorn the project


    The expectations of ihe project affecied families are rnainly for good cornpensation for the land
    and property, employment, electricity facility and lccal development. However, majority (66.67%)
    of the irouseholds have shown their interest for gocd compensation. Similarly, 26.570/o cf ihe
    househoids have shown their expectation for employment and 6.67% for local development.

    5.3.3.15 Willingness for compensation by property type


    Three options such as cash, land for lancj and house for house have been preferred by ihe
    surveyed households for compensaiion by property type Percentage of households p:-eferred for
    cash compensation is highest i.e. 80.00% followed by land for land (20.O0%).

    Use of cash comgensation


    The suiuey'eci hcusehoi'js have expi-essed ii;eir- iiiteiusI for using cash compensation on
    purchase of lancj, construction of new hcuse and to run business. Abcut 70.83% households
    wanted to use cash compensation for the purchase of land in the project area or its rricinity.
    -similarly, 12.50% of the households are willingness to start new business and 12.50o/o for pay
    loan.

    5.3.3.16 Description of the house of the project affected families


    oHouse
    Bv wall tvpe
    Hundred percent of the Jurveyed households have their own house fcr residence. The wall of
    houses is usually constructed mud and stone/brick, wood, bamboo and galvanized zinc sheet.
    About 73.33%o of the houses of the surveyed households are made up of nrud and stone/brick
    wall followed by wooden wall (23.33%) and bamboo wall (3.33). The mud and sione/bric< wali
    houses are conrmon through the prolect affected VDCs.
    Bv roof tvpe
    Wooden, zinc plates and stone type roof are prevalent in the surveyed househoids. Majority of the
    households (90.00%) have their house with galvanizeazinc sheetfollowed by stone (6.67%), and
    wooden (3.33%).
    Bv no. of storev
    Tv,ro storey houses are commcn 3morrQ tne surveyed households. About 90.0C% of the
    households have their house with 2 storey where only 1,0.00% households have one storey
    houses

    j-21 NEA
    t:-S;-D
    1"32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    IEE Report
    snd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect
    CHAPTER.VI
    IMPACT ASSESSMENT
    6.0 lntroduction
    This chapter addresses the likely adverse impacts in the construction and operation of the
    proposed 132 l22O kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line
    project. The c.onstruction and operation of the project will result in changes to the existing baseline
    condition. The general discussions are organized in three categories, namely the physical,
    I
    biological and socio-economic and cultural environment, and split into the construction and
    operation phases. I
    6.1 Physical lmpacts
    -r-!ra main n!..,ciaat irrrnanfc nn fhc cnvi;-6;-1p1gnt are thcse associated w!th land take fOr str'!nging Of
    I llg lllqlll PllJ|olvql ltllPqv(o vrr Lrrv vrrv t
    ihe ii'ansmission iine, ioi c<;itsi;uciioit i;i iovi,'ei pails iriiti iiiiriiiiciiaiiu.-, ui F.uvV. Ti ru illajot iii-iO"rLiS
    anticipated during the construction phase are discussed in the sections below.

    6.1.1 Watershed and Natural Drainage


    A. Construction Phase
    Since most of the tower pads are located at the top of the subdued hillocks, mid-hills or the ridges
    I
    the interference with drainage patterns due to the construction of the tower pads will be rninimal
    and environmental regulations are maintained. The impact due to site clearing, clearance of trees,
    stringing activities, excavation for tower construction and rnaterial transportation may disturb
    I
    watershed condition of the area to some extent and better strategies to be adapted.
    I
    Approximately 225 m2 of land will be disturbed for each tower pad construction. However, the
    area for tower pad may vary as per the gradient, location and weight of towers. The earthwork
    associated with tower construction will be confined to tower base area. Therefore no significant
    impact is expected. The cultivated area around the tower pads rnay be affected due to
    compaction during the construction and transportation of materials. Disruption of natural drainage
    lines and soil erosion while stringing the line across the river can be anticipated during the
    construction phase. However, since the Angle Points are not located near the river or streams
    except for a few locations like AP 10, AP27, AP 28 and AP 35, AP37 the probability of the
    disruption of natural drainage will be insignificant and extent is determinant.

    Some APs are loc atuO lnl6u slide prone area and the construciion of these towers may contribute
    to soil erosion. However, since the requirement of land for the construction of tower foundation is
    limited the impact on drainage and soil erosion is envisioned to be low and are configured.
    Therefore, the impact is expected to be site specific, low in magnitude and for a short duration.

    B. Operation Phase W
    No significant impact on the waiershed and natural drainage is expected during the operation and w

    maintenance period. ffi

    6.1.2 GeomorphologY and GeologY


    A. Construction Phase
    Failure of the structure may be triggered if the towers are located at instable grounds. This may
    give rise to accident and impact on health and lives of the labours and local people. Another
    I
    6-l I
    I
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line Proiect IFF Rpnart

    impact will be possibility of loss of assets. The impact is expected to be site specific, high in
    magnitude and for long duration.

    B. Operation Phase
    The failure of structure during the operation phase may induce to major impact on human health
    of the passerby. The impact is expected to be site specific, high in magnitude and for long
    duration.

    6.1.3 Topography
    A. Construction Phase
    The land inter-ference during construction of the transmission line is related to the tower
    foundation, substations and lack of restraint of the RoW. This may result in the change in
    landscape. No major changes in topography are envisaged during this phase and are configured
    to mitigate vulnerability. The visualized impact on topographic changes is considered to be low in
    rnagnitude,, site specific and for long term

    B. Operation Phase
    No impact on topography is expected during the operation phase except for ihe impact on natural
    scenery. The lmpact is high in magnitude, local and for long term.

    6.1.4 Land Take and Land Use


    A. Construction Phase
    The land use changes involved in the implementation of the project will be basically due to the
    permanent and temporary land acquisition under the Right-of-Way, Substation, Mobile carnp and
    for the construction of tower pads.The project will require 84.556 ha total land for the placement of
    tower pads, RoW of the transmission line and substations. Out of this 84.556 ha, permanently
    required 5.518 ha for Tower foundation and Substation, 78.588 ha will required permanently for
    land use restriction and 0.45 ha be temporarily required for mobile camps and Right of Way of
    alig nment cornponents.

    The total number of angle towers will be 39 and an angle tower will typically require an area of
    15m x 15m. Considering this area, a totai of 0.878 ha will be acquired permanently for
    construction of 39 tower pads. The substation will acquire 4.64 ha area.

    The summary of the land-take and land-use are given in the tables below.

    ESSD 6-2
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub'stotion Hub
    t
    and Chitime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect

    Table-6.1: Total land-take for the project


    No. of Area Total Total Permanent Ten,
    I
    SN Description
    Permanent land{ake
    towers ofl area alea,

    0.878
    Land (ha) Lant
    I
    39 225 8785
    for the towers
    I
    1

    Permanent land-take
    46400 4.64
    z for the substations (1) 84.1 06 0
    Permanent land for
    lend use restrictron (
    26.5
    km
    | ?oEoot\
    I r ulruuv i--
    |
    | v.evv
    I
    lancl rrnder RoW)

    A
    TemporarY Land{ake
    t \/al I lLr!
    I

    | 4500
    li 'J-'-"-"-"'
    ortEAq
    i

    | 0.45
    l- s4J56
    I
    I

    I
    I
    -
    -
    I
    Table-6.2: Land-use of the Land-take

    Forest & Sanjen &


    Total
    I
    Others, Chilime HEP

    SN
    Type of land
    take
    Permanent land
    Cultivated
    Area, ha. ha.
    1.87 5.518
    I
    I
    for Land
    acquisition 3.288 0.361 I
    Permanent land

    2
    for land use
    restriction 34.047 44.541
    o.45
    I
    TemporarY land
    ? take (CamP)
    Total
    0.45
    37.78s 44.902 1.87 84.556 I
    I
    B. Operation Phasg qrrhslation: ls
    , L^t-^ r^- +!-^ +^rr,6rc and substations
    .The impact on the rand use changes of the permanent rand-take for the towers and
    expected and it wirr remain forever. The rand
    under the Row wiil be restricted for the
    erection of I
    anytypeofstructurebesidethetowersfortheprojectandplantationoftreesofta|lspecies.
    However, cultivation wi|| be a||owed, A|l temporary
    Iand acquired wi|l be converted to its origina|
    over to their
    ,r-^ nr og,eed ne\^/ rrses towards the end of the cOnstruction period and handed ano oI lor]g-
    I
    in magnitude, |ocal in terms ot extent
    owners. The impact can be ctassified as high
    term in terms of duration' ffi

    6.1.5 Air and Noise QualitY


    A' constructiOn Phase +-^^^-iaainn ' w
    transmission line project consls ;ts of site
    rL^ clearance,
    The construction activities involved in the
    expected' Apart
    fugitive dust emissions wiil be
    excavation for the tower; concreting and erection
    ;'
    fromthismovementoftransportingvehic|escarryingtheconstruction',,"']":'1:?::::''j::;:
    i'
    I
    ::'j: J' ;lt ;. g i,
    d # ;, b t i;

    """i:igLi'' " " " "


    I
    i

    6-3 NEA

    t
    1"32/220 kV Chitime Sub-stotion Hub
    IEE Report
    and Chitime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect
    quality. Since the construction activities are limited to small area and short termed at a location of
    impacts on the
    tower foundation and vehicular movement and frequency is low; the envisaged
    shotl duration'
    ambient air quality low in magnitude, site specific in terms of extent and of
    insignificant
    The emission of noise and vibrations are inevitable during construction though only
    are relatively far
    interruption in noise quality has been expecied. The location of the Angle Points
    feel the
    from the setlemenis so only the setilements close to the tower pad and road side will
    pollution will be
    noise disturbances due to vehicular movement and construction activities. Noise
    temporary an6 wifl not be different from the prevailing conditions due to low traffic movement
    along the roadside.
    The impact is expected to be low in magnitude, site specific and for a shorl duration.

    B. Operation Phase
    No major impact on air quality is envisaged during the operation phase. However' a kind
    of

    humming sound may be created at the substation area. The transmission overhead lines
    do

    create some noise in certain circumstances; minor surface damage, dirl or some weather
    conditions can cause the lines to crackle or hum slightly. This is due to a
    phenomenon called
    corona effect. The effect of corona is conspicuous during rain. However, noise due to the
    corona
    the alignment
    effect of transmission line with voltage level of 220 kv will not be significant since
    in magnitude, long
    does not pass very close to the settlements. The impact is expected to be low
    termed and site sPecific.

    6.1.6 Water QualitY


    A. Construction Phase
    Theretore, there
    During the construction period, water will be used from nearby river and streams.
    and sireams
    is possibility of water pollution especially in sectors where the line crosses the rivers
    and'where the tower pads are situated close to them. soil disturbances associated
    with
    and chemicals such as
    construction activities of tower pads, the improper disposal of solid wastes
    may deteriorate
    cement slurry, construction materials, and human wastes into the river or streams
    This may
    the river water quality and other existing water bodies around the construction area.
    villages where people
    lead to water borne diseases and other problems especially in the adjacent
    to be moderate in
    use the flow from these streams for household chores. The impact is expected
    magnitude, site specific and for a short duration'

    B. Operation Phase
    impact on the water
    The operation and maintenance activities of the transmission will not have
    quality in the project impact area

    6.1.7 Waste and SPoil DisPosal


    A. Construction Phase
    The improper disposal of solid waste like cement bags, iron bar and other left -over construction
    might cause adverse
    rnaterials, kitchen waste and waste generated by the temporary labor camp
    pad will also
    impact to the environment. The spoil generated due to the excavation of tower
    deteriorate nearby land and water quality of the area. More than 90% of the volume
    of muck
    of impact is considered to be
    volume will be used for back filling and compaction. The rnagnitude
    low. extent is site specific and dur:ation is shod term'

    6-4
    ESSD
    1-32/220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    ond Chilinte -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect
    IEE Report
    t
    B. Operation Phase
    on waste and spoil disposal is expected during the operation
    phase'
    I
    l: i*puO
    6.1.8 Storage of Construction Material and Camps
    A. Construction Phase
    I
    particulararea'
    Storage of conslruction materials will result to the land degradation of the
    Likewise, the acea designated for the camps will also darnage the lmsed or rented area' I
    The impact will be low in magnitude, site specific and for short duration'

    F!
    r.
    f)norrfinn
    vPv.
    Phaca
    I
    No impact is expected tjtrrinq the operation and maintenance period.

    6.1.9 Crossing of Other Utilities anci interierences


    I
    iine and structures'
    The proposed transmission line alignment crosses roads, i'ivers, transmtssion
    Crossings of communication utilities and transmission lines will result in
    communication system. Radio interference can disrupt television and AM
    interference to the
    (amplitude modulated)
    I
    radio reception close to a line. lnterference can some time be noticed at
    a distance of 150 rneter
    away. By contrast, FM (frequency modulated) system is affected very little by
    interference'
    between transmitter and
    I
    Interferenc-e varies according to the position of the transrnission line
    receiver.
    I
    reflections caused by a
    In some cases receiving conditions can be improved due to the
    transmission line. The magnitude of the impact is considered to be insignificant.
    belowinmagnitude,sitespecificandforshortduration.
    The impact will
    t
    6.1.10 Use of Coolant Oil in the Transformer
    Coolant oil is used in the trahsformerto maintain the temperature. Priorto
    1995 PCBs were used
    I
    prohibited in Nepal. However,
    as coolant oil in the transformer in Nepal. Now, PCBS are legally
    there are chances of its use or contamination of the transformer oils by
    PCBs' In such cases,
    communities located
    I
    there is potential of health related problems to the operational workers and
    close to the substation sites.

    oils and contamination of


    I
    The other issue related tolthe oil use in transformer is the leakage of the
    the land and receiving surface and sub-surface water bodies. Though the substationshave
    are
    sub-stations
    provisioned to limit the oil leakages in the design, observations in the Nepalese
    properly attended' The envisaged
    revealed such leakage occurring in many areas, which is not
    impact is of moderate significance, site specific and long term.

    6.2 Biological Environment


    6.2.1 Vegetation/Forest Resources W
    Construction Phase
    6.2.1 .1
    16 towers lie in the forest
    Altogether, project includes 39 angle towers. of the total angle towers,
    ha & Towers in
    land (Towers in cornmunity forest=11, area equivalent to 11 Towers =0'2475'
    c'36 ha)' Due to the
    barren land =5, area equivalent to 5 Towers =0.1125ha in total 16 area =
    foresi including
    implementation of the proposed project, approximately 40.608 ha of community
    44'901 ha will be
    forest area of Row and towers, river = 1.23 ha, barren = 2'7'03 ha) in total

    ESSD

    I
    J_31//./U KV Lntttme 5ub-stotton Hut)
    qnd Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project IEE Report

    affected. During the construction of the project, in total about 1549i trees (rnore than 1O cm dbh)
    in the community forest will be directly affected due to the clearance of 30 m ROW cf the
    transmission line which passes thorough 13.536 km (14.976 km belongs to community forest,
    barren land/cliffs/and rivers) of forest out of 26.50 km length of the proposed alignment. The
    detail of forest loss in Community forest in terms of both dbh and species is given in table 6.5.

    The major impacts of transrnission line construction on vegetation will include removal of plants
    from the RoW due to the erection of transmission towers and stringing of line. More than 51.07 %
    of the proposed T/L is under the vegetation cover mostly predominantly with the Sal forest with
    other associates chilaune ( Schima walichil and Salla (Pinus Sp) tree species. Only 43.52% of
    the proposed alignment passes through the cultivated land and about 5.41% is under the barren/
    cliffs and water bodies. Most of the trees predominant Sal (Shores robusta ), associates with
    Chilaune (Schirna Walichii), Khair (Acacia catechu), , Simal (Bombax ceiba), Sano Dhayero
    (Woodfordia fruticos), , Khote salla (Pinus Roxburghii) and sorne bamboo clumps of small/big
    sizes need to be cleared at least at 3 different places along the alignment.

    Besides that, irnpact will occur on ground flora especially at the tower pad site due to the
    excavation and deposition of spoil materials for the construction of transmission tower. None of
    any plant species affected by the project construction belongs .to ihe category of protected
    species of plants. The overall magnitude of impact on vegetation is considered to be low.

    Clearance of RoW
    The clearance percentage required along the transmission line alignment is estimated to be 8 %
    associaied with rocky, ridges, barren land and hills in Nuwakot district and 12o/o associated with
    rocky, barren land ,ridges and hills in Rasuwa district. This is because of the topography of the
    ridges and hills in the middle hill ranges. A total of 6196 trees.mosily of the pole sizes are
    expected to fall under the RoW .

    During the construction period almost all the trees having more than 10 cm dbh underthe right of
    way of proposed transmission line will be cleared for the construction and erection of the
    transmission tower. A total of 44.901 ha of forest will be directly affected from 30 m wide
    transmission line. Vegetation clearance will be required from the community forest (a0.608 ha)
    and remaining 4.293 ha will be of barrenicliffs/water bodiesThe total no of Plants Loss in Rasuwa
    and Nuwakot district is provided in the table 6.3

    Table 6.3 Total No of Plant Loss in Rasuwa and Nuwakot district


    Total
    SN Species Botanical Name Pole Tree No
    1 Salla Pinus Walichiana 1886 180 2066
    2 Laligurans Rhodendron Sp 270 270
    Chilaune Schima wallichii 629 629
    4 Katus Castanopsis indica 270 270
    5 Botdhayero Lagerstroemia spp 629 629
    6 Bhalayo Rhus Javonica 90 90

    ESSD 6-6 I,IEA


    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub'stotion Hub
    ond Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project
    IEE Report
    I
    a
    I
    x
    Sindure
    Guenli
    1Bixa Orlena
    Callicarpa SP
    770
    90
    270
    90
    I
    I Khari
    10 Sal
    Celtis australis
    Shorea robusta
    90
    539
    89 t79
    539
    270
    I
    Engelhardtia sPicata 270
    Mauwa
    I
    11
    Bombax ceiba 177 t77
    12 Simal
    ?' Khiro 90 90
    .1
    Cucumis SP
    14 Areli
    1q Rakainn
    Acacia spP
    I Melia Sn
    90
    90
    90
    9U t
    Psidit.tm quliava

    I
    I
    Table-6.4 Forest Losses at Different Project C!tq9!"nt'
    Forest loss at Different Project Components
    Loss of Vegetation I
    No. of

    Project of
    Types
    Forest
    i area
    trees >
    10 crn
    I
    Forest I (ha ) dbh
    Component
    Hill Sal
    I
    CommunitY
    & Mixed
    Sal t
    Tower Pad ComrnunitY I
    Forest
    I
    I
    t
    w

    ESSD t
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    132/220 kV Chilime Sub'stotion Hub IEE Report
    t
    and Chilime -Trishuti 220 kV Transmission line Proiect

    Major rand use cnanges are not expected from the


    vegetation crearance and the removal of trees
    will not disturb the existing ecological goods and services'
    The forest lanc to be used does not
    I
    on the forest and vegetation cover will be
    exist in any ecologically sensitive area. The impact
    The |oss of forest and vegetation cover
    rnoderate in magnitude, |oca| in extent and |ong term.
    of the middre hiils environment in
    rnight create indirect impacis resuiting in the degradation
    regionalcontextforalongduration.Thedetailsofspecieswisetreelossintermsofno'wood
    volume and bidmass is given in table 5.3 and also
    shows the regeneration rate of seedlings/ha
    phase
    I
    g44 respectivery. rt is rikery to be affected during construction
    and saprings/ha are g6g and
    andthecrowncoverofthevegetationisfoundtobevariedfrom20_65%. I
    gi-ow i;iiticr the p.cw aftei' scme )/ears might
    need to
    During
    h.c
    the operatron
    ntaarnrt qr=nr.t
    IJE (;lGal9v
    pnase oniy
    rv Ir-egular
    v
    irees wirich

    oioiogicai eiiviiu,-,,,,snt, ihe p;u.l';i wlli ;':i314 finlfici:!


    the Cover' ln terms of
    timing Of tall trees and growing shrubS will Change
    inroacts fr6m the forestation proqram that
    I
    and vegetation especiaily in the projeci affected
    wiil be impremented to reprenish the ross of forest
    local and long termed'
    community forests. The impact is low, site specific and

    Protected sPecies
    (Acacia catechu) are protecied tree
    sal (shore robusta), Simar (Bombax ceiba) and Khair
    a
    to the existing forest the magnitude of
    species that are going to be lost. However, compared
    impactisconsideredtobelow,extentis|oca|anddurationisshorlterm. I
    Harvesting of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP)
    Theproposedprojectdoesnotdirect|yaffecttheNTFPsoftheprojectvicinityand|owimpactts
    envisaged for NTFp. The project is not rich in the
    varuabre NTFp and the magnitude of impact
    is I
    forest patches'
    has mosily avoided important
    Extent
    considerabre to be row and rL RoW corridor
    the cotection of tiny vorumes of NTFPs might
    is rocar and duration is short term. However, even
    resultinsocialconf|icts.Theoccasionalinterventionofjustfewpeop|emaintainingtheTLwi|l
    resurt insignificant effect on the forest itserf and
    these impacts are considered as low in magnitude'
    the NTFp arong the TL arignment' Therefore'
    site specific and of short duration' I
    CommerciallY lmPortant
    Table:6.6 Loss of NTFP
    Government CommunttY Religious Lease Private
    (No)
    I
    (No) hold
    species( other than Manageo I
    Managed
    trees)NTFP
    Amala
    I (No)
    l-----_--+-l
    I

    I
    (No)
    Frequent
    (No)
    I
    l"hr
    vl lullr{rnv
    I Chirainto
    Rare
    Frequent I
    Kafal I-
    I
    Rare
    Dudhe |- W
    I
    Rare
    Kurello l-
    Rare
    Jatropha
    Rare
    Alloevera
    i

    | - Frequent
    Asuro I

    Rae
    Amriso
    Sonrcefield SurveY,201 4

    ESSD
    6-9 NEA
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chittme Sub-station Hub IEE Beport
    o nd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission
    line Prolect

    made due tc practicar reason. Rather it is


    (Note Estimation of NTFps in number courd not be
    estimated as Rare, Frequent, Abundant and Dominant)

    lncrease in Demand for Fuel Wood and Timber


    in the construction of the project lt is
    skired, unskired and semi skiiled rabor wiil be invorved
    the rocar areas. There wi, be a few people from
    assumed.that most of the rabor force wi, be from
    to this, the increase in demand of fuel wood
    outside the projecrareafor short period to time. Due
    and timber during i'he construction period is expecied
    to be row. Moreover, there will not be any
    forest rand. The impact will be
    permanent setrements that may read to encroachment on
    consideredtobe|owinmagnitude'sitespecificandshorttermed.

    6.2.1.2 Operation Phase


    Clearance of RoW - - ^-^,.
    of the Right of way wiil be maintaining compatibre crearance with safe operation'
    The vegetation
    years to maintain the required clearances'
    The trees will be trimmed and cuts down in every 3-4
    wiil arter the ecological
    Row crearance wiil not onry change the vegetation cover but arso
    new alien species'
    condition to some extent that may allow invasion of

    vegetation will be low because once the ROW ts


    However, the overall operation phase impact on
    The extent is site specific and duration is
    creared, frequent trimming and feiling is not required.
    long term.

    lncrease Access io Forest


    provide easy access to the local people for the
    The clearance of 30 m ROW in the forest land may
    intrusion of forest and its products. The magnitude
    of impact is considered to be low because
    mostoftheforestintheprojeciareabe|ongstocommunityand|easeholdforest,whichis
    managedbythecommunityforestusergroups.Furthermore,strictru|eandregu|ationand
    unnecessary encroachment. This activity will
    monitoring by the user groups wi, arso contror the
    not have a noticeable effect on the forest and vegetation'

    6.2.2 Disturbance to Wildlife


    6.2.2.1 Construction Phlse
    on the species present' vegetation type
    The degree of impact on wild animals depends entirely
    population due to the project construction will
    and abundance of food. possible impacts on wildlife
    and birds are listed below'
    be minimal. The potential adverse impacts on wildlife

    Loss of Habitat
    site clearance and other construction
    The construction of transmission line which will require
    wiil affect wildlife habitat to some extent'
    rerated disturbance wiil cause ross of vegetation and
    forest area is rarge, the magnitude of
    since, the area to be creared is quite rimited and remaining
    and duration ts long term'
    impact is considered to be low, extent is site specific

    Avian hazards the presence of the


    The operation 220 kv TL and sub-station rnay affect birds through
    of
    the highest height and being thin are difficult to
    conductors (wires).The conductor wires being at
    from colhsions. This type of impact is expected to
    birds to detect and avcid it, may injured or death
    6- l0 NEA
    ESSD
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    IEE Report
    I
    ond Chilime -Trishuli 220 kVTronsmission line Proiect

    be high in low visibility condition especialty bad.weather and night time, but it is very
    quantify ihe risks. The magnitude of impact is expected to be low, extent is site specific
    difficult to
    and
    I
    duration is long time.

    Hunting and poaching by Labor Force


    Hunting and poaching will be one of the likely impacts on wildlife due to the
    presence of

    construction workers. The local poach'ers or hunters among the work force might
    be attracted to I
    hint birds and'other wild animals. The possibility of hunting and trapping by workers during
    construction period will have some adverse impact on wild fauna. However, such
    ia,-ir-r,i
    .'i;iil lie siie snec.ific. and'"vill deci'casc onoe the
    pressure on
    is cornpleted' The or-refa!l magnitr'rcle of
    ""orkdr-rration is short period-
    t
    imoact !s ccnsidered to be !ow, extent is site specific and

    Table-6.7 Summary Table of Biological lmpact Matrix


    lssues lmpacts Qualifier
    Construction Phase
    LI
    I
    I
    Vegetation/forest Clearance of 44.9O1 ha of forest H L

    resources land falls under RoW


    Removal of 15491trees including H L LT
    Loss. of tree
    oole size
    impact on 17 sPecies of Plants due M L LT
    Floral diversity
    to implementation of the Project.
    lmpict on 1B communitY forest due
    I
    SS
    Community forest
    to removal of trees
    L SS LT
    . Leasehold forest
    Removal of 3 trees sPecles H N LT
    Rare endangered and
    protected species
    Firewood and timber Increase in Pressure on local L L ST I
    vegetation due to increase in
    demand of firewood and timber
    The irnplementation of the project L
    I
    NTFP
    will affect NTFP/MAPS
    Reduction in available forest habitat M L LT
    Wildlife Habitat
    due to removal 44.9O1 ha of forest

    Wildlife movement
    area.
    lmpact due to fragmentation of L I
    Movement and activitY of human
    I
    L SS ST
    Construction
    disturbances beings may disturb free movement
    and feeding of wild animals
    L eq ST
    Hunting and poaching Likely increase in hunting and
    poaching
    Operation Phase
    Trebs will be trimmed and cut down
    I
    L
    Row clearance

    E.SSD
    6-ll
    132/220 kV Cltiiime sub-stotion Hub
    laF RPnort
    qttd Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project

    to make conductcr clearance

    Plant biodiversitv Likely invasicn cf new sPecies in I


    L SS LT
    cleared RoW
    CQ LT
    Access to forest lncrease access to forest L

    Elecirocution Electrocution io monkeYs and bird M b) LT

    Changes in habitat Permanent changes in 44.901 ha M L LI


    forest area into shrub land and
    open areas
    Wildlife movement lmpact due to fragmentation of L LT
    forest habitat

    6.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment


    The likely impacts due to project implementation are associated with land take, relocation of
    households, population displacement, social and cultural problems, health and sanitation, etc. The
    following are the anticipated impacts regarding the socio-economic and cultural environment of
    the project area.

    6.3.1 Acquisition of land and structure

    uonslructl()rl rllase
    . ----^:--- hl-^--

    n Households loosing land and structure


    The implernentation of the proposed project will affect 32 households. Among them, two
    households (phurpu dorze Tamang and Temba darke Tamang-ss) are not found during field
    survey as they live outside the village. Therefore, only 30 households are surveyed. These Hhs
    will be affected due to the location of different project components such as tower pad and
    substation on their land and structures.

    . Households Loosing structure


    Among 32 households, only one household will loose its structures (one house and one kitchen).
    This household not only loose its structures but also will loose 101o/o of its land. Therefore, this
    household should be considered as seriously project affected family (SPAF), and should be
    treated specifically. The detail of the household who has lost its structures is given below.

    ESSD
    6ll NEA
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    IEE Report
    I
    ond Chitime - Trishuti 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect

    Table-6.8 List of project aftected household by type oI structures


    Affected Plinth
    Project VDC/ Name of Famil Loss ol Affected Plinih Type No.
    Area
    Structure House Area of Cowshed
    Componen waro . HH Head v
    (sqft) floor (sq.ft )
    t Memb
    Type No.

    eq Noerbu 13 House 720 Kachchi z 1 180


    Goljun 1

    g-1 wangde
    Tamang
    720 1 180
    Total 13 1

    Source: Field survey, 2014 n


    ln the proposed substation area oi Goijurig VDC, ihei'e ai'e aiso otiicr 12 newlv'consti'ucted
    houses which should be relocated anywhere else. These houses are constructed
    by Sanjen
    .,- - r- -..-^L-rr^ ,..r-.a ara L,ial..l'r a{lartorl hrr lho nrnirtCt
    I lyulv I vvYul vvlrrPql

    (primary level),
    There is also a newly under constructed bullding of Himalayan English School
    Thambuchet within the distance of 50om from the proposed substation area'

    n Households Loosing Land


    tower on their
    Altooether 32 households are likely to be affected due to the location of angle
    tano"s. of the total 30 surveyed households, 83.33% households will lose
    their lands less than
    .10%.
    Sirnilarly, 1Oo/oo'fhouseholdswill loselandintherange of 10%lo25o/o.
    Moreover,6'67ohof
    the households will lose more than 50% of land as well (Table-6'9)'
    Tamang) will lose
    According to field survey, it is observed that one household ( Bendo Lemma
    more than g0% of its total land for the project purpose (for substation). Thus,
    this household
    be treated
    should also be considered as seriously project affected family (SPAF) and should
    specifically.
    Table-6.9 Affected HHs by % Loss of Land
    Percentage Households
    Loss of Land No. %
    < 10 25 83.33
    10- 25 J 10.00
    25 -50 0.00
    >50 z 6.67
    Total 30 100.00
    Source: Field surveY, 2O14

    Land requirement
    The project will acquired total 84.556 ha of land out of total, e 3.288 ha cultivated
    land
    permanenly
    permanenily acquired for angle towers and substation, 34.047 ha cultivated land
    for mobile
    required for land use restriction and 0.45 ha cultivated land will be required temporarily
    land belonging to 32
    camp. out of total angle towers, 23 towers and a substation lie in cultivated
    covered by it is not
    households. one tower (Ap-0) is erected in the substation area and the land
    calculated separately. Therefore, though the total number of towers is
    40 only 39 towers are'
    calculated for the studY.
    6-13 NEA

    t
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line proiect lCtr Qoaart
    tcr Pvt L
    'tr

    The land under the RoW of transrnission line will be restricted permanently for the construction of
    houses, cow sheds and plantation of timber size big trees, etc. However, there will be no
    restriction on agricultural farming after the construction work is over. The detail loss of land of
    projeci afrected families due io construction of iowers and substations is shown in Annex-K.

    ' Table-6.10 Land use by project components and facilities


    Project Remalks
    Components
    and Cultivated
    S.N Facilities Quantity Required(ha) land %
    I
    I
    I

    40; only 39 *23 towers are

    Angle
    are studied located at
    as 1 tower lie .0.51
    1
    towers
    O BTB B 60.00 cultivated
    in the SS land
    alea.
    #taking an
    area of
    ROW 26.5 km
    26500m x30m
    "78.588 34.047 43.32
    and deducting
    0.878 ha
    (7e.466-0.878)
    @Rernaining
    4 Substation @2.77 1.87 ha land is
    1 4.64 59 70
    under Chilirne
    & Sanjen HEP.
    5 Mobile camp n ,1 tr
    0.45 '100.00
    Total land 84.555 37.785 44.69
    Total
    permanent
    6 5.518 3.288 59 59
    land for
    acquisition
    Total
    permanent
    7 78 588 34.047 43.32
    land for
    restriction
    Temporary
    land for
    B
    mobile
    045 0.45 100.00
    camps
    Source: Field Survev 2014

    Altogether, 3 camps will be setup for construction activities. One camp will be established in
    pt'oposed subsiation area and the other two will be mobile type. Households' survey of land
    owners related to suspension towers has not been conducied as the number and the place where
    to erect is not fixed yet. Similarly, land loss of households regarding Trishuli substation has not
    6-t4 NEA
    J.32/220 kV Chitime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 22O kV Transmission line proiecr
    IEE Report

    been considered- Land belonging to this area has already been included
    substation of Trishuli 38 HEP Project. However, baseline study
    in the propcsed
    of those households has been
    I
    incorporated due to location of taping tower within substation
    considered to be high, site specific and long termed. The level
    proportion of land acquired.
    area. The magnitude of impact is
    of impact may vary with the I
    Operation phase
    Land acquisition will not be required during operation and no significant
    impacts are expected
    during this phase. Due to safety reason, houses and other permanent
    tc be consti'uctei'"'"viihin ii'i R'-'l-'^'-i 3s perthe Eicctriciti,'riegiJiar'ioi-,,2050
    structures are not allowed
    tss. Tire ianci price unoer
    I
    the Ro\ '/ anc'l !n the vicinit;r of the RcW T iil be i-ecjuced sigi-riiicarriiy.
    level of impact on the pricing of the land because there are other
    siqnificant role. The lancl that will be used fnr" cl!i-.rp luipose.,,.,i1! :L.,*
    it is cjinicuit to quantify the
    factors too that would play the
    i-aii;;;; l,; liie:-especitvu i.riii
    I
    owners as in the previous condition. Thus, the overall magnitude
    specific and duration is long term.
    of impact is high, extent is site
    I
    6.3.2 Loss of Crops
    A. Construction phase
    Permanent loss of crops
    The total loss of crops of the surveyed households, due to the project
    implementation, is
    estimated to be 6'74MT. The loss of cash crop like potato and
    fresh vegetabte are minimal so it is
    not shown. Loss of cereal crops like paddy, wheat, maize and rnillet
    are 1.46MT, 0.87MT,2.g4
    and 1 '47MT respectively. However, the total production of cereal crops
    is estimated to be 44.12
    MT' This implies that the total loss percentage of cereal crops is only 15.23%. On
    the basis of the
    I
    surveyed households, it is estimated that the total permanent loss
    of the crops of the project
    affected households is 7.19 MT. The detail individual loss'of
    crops production is shown in Annex-
    X

    Table 6.11 Production Loss of Cereal Crops I


    Total Project
    Surveyed households affected
    households
    I
    Actual
    Crop production Production Productivity Production
    S.N.
    types area loss Loss (MT) (MT/ha) Loss (MT)
    (ha)
    1 Paddy 0.553 1.46 2.64 1.56
    u.93
    J Maize 1.564 2.94 1BB 3.14
    A
    Millet 1.289 1.47 1.14 1tr7 w
    Total 6.74 7.19
    Source: Field Survev 2014

    (Note:Actual production area loss seems to be higher than


    toial cultivated land. This is due to
    multiple cropping pattern in the same land type; and study period
    season.)
    is taken for one year not'for one t
    6- r5
    NEA I

    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line project IFF Rennrt

    Preferably the construction of transmissicn line is to be cairied oui during lean season so that
    standing crops will not be damaged cr with minimal damage due to construction activities.
    However, it is not completely ignored that construction activities will not take place during the
    cropping season. Therefore, the adjoining area of RoW may be disturbed due to movement of
    contractor's machine, labor force and stringing of the line.

    Temporarv L'oss of Crops


    Similarly, about 74.62 MT of cereal crops (paddy-16.08 MT; wheat-9.64 MT, maize-32.56 MT and
    rnillet-16.34 MT) will be lost due to the restriction of land use. This loss is calculated considerrng
    that stringing of the line will be completed in one year and compensation will be paid for one
    seasonal cropping. The magnitude of this impact is considered to be high, extent is site specific
    and duration is long termed.

    Tabf e 6.12 Estimation of Loss of Land for Different Crops (for Temp orary Land)
    Cultivated Actual
    Crops land production area
    Production Productivity
    SN Types loss (ha)
    Loss (MT) (MT/ha)
    1 Paddy 34.047 6.092 16.08 . 2.64
    2- Wheat 34.047 5.045 964 t.v I

    Maize 34.047 17.318 32.56 1.88


    4 Millet 34.O47 14.337 to.J4 1t. 4A
    t-

    Total 74.62
    Qn,
    vvuf vs. IE;^ln
    tctu C,,^,^',
    9ut vcy at\< A
    ''^o. z_v l4+

    B. Operation Phase
    The towers constructed in cultivated area, especially those erected in the middle of land parcels
    will pose hindrance while ploughing the agricultural field. The field may be cultivated by using
    human labor that will increase the cost of agriculture production. The overall magnitude of impact
    is considered to be low, extent is site specific and curation is lono term.

    6.3.3 Health, water supply and sanitation


    A. Construction Phase -
    Health and sanitation
    The likely increase of the outsiders' influence during this phase may add further stress on the
    local health and sanitation situation. Besides, the increase in the noise level due to vehicular
    rnovement in the project area is likely to influence the physical and mental health of the locar
    community. Discharge of wastes of various types including metals, paper, kitchen wastes etc. is
    potential to degrade the sanitary hygienic condilions particularly around the construction sites and
    campsites. Considering only 300 numbers of manpower and their shorl termed mobilitv at one site
    the impact is considered to be low, site specific and for shorl termed.

    Construction and Operation


    The rights-of-wai,' require annual maintenance to remove bush and tree growth beneath pcwer
    lines so that towers anci lines can be maintainbd. No phytocides will be used for clearing of
    vegetation and instead both manual (machetes and slashers) and power saws will be used. The

    6-t 6
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Transmission iine Proiect IEE Report

    irnpacts of these'operations include chysical hazards such as injuries sustained from the I
    tools/equipment, ergonomically problems from poor working posture, dust inhalation among
    others. The rnagnitude of impact is lcw the extent is site specific and the duration is short termed.
    I
    Drinkinq water
    Similarly, with the increase in population along with the construction activities, a potential decline
    of the ui""rr 1o the drinking water and existing sanitation condition will occur in the project area.
    I
    The overall impact on water supply and sanitary situation will be: shortage of drinking water,
    increase pressure on the existing water supply system, increase distance to the safe drinking n
    waier-. iircr-ease irt disease veuiurs, alrij recjuceci water quaiity oue to increaseO santtatlon
    probierrrs eic. However, ihe impact on water suppiy ancj sanitation wiii be low, short term and site
    specific. I
    B. Operation Phase
    No impact is anticipated during the operation phase.

    6.3.4 Occupational Hazards and Safety


    A. Construction Phase
    Work related injuries and vehicle accidents are likely impacts expected during the construction of
    the project. I
    B. Operation Phase
    During the operation phase, the people residing in the vicinity of the transmission line will be
    vulnerable to electrical hazards such as fire, electrical shocks or even electrocution. Similarly, lack
    I
    of operaiion and maintenance skill and unavailability of the essential safety equipments may add
    further risk with safety regards. The public can bb affected principally through their own activities, I
    such as tendency of climbing towers by children; high vehicles atternpt to pa'ss beneath the
    transmission line, surveyors using metal leveling staffs under the conductors, etc. These risks
    have low probability of occurrences, but a great significance to individuals involved.
    I
    The overall magnitude of impacts is considered to be low, extent is local and duration is long
    termed. The magnitude of impact is moderate, extent is site specific and duration is long termed. I
    '6.3.5 lmpact on House, iettlements and Social Infrastructures
    A. Construction Phase
    Some tower pads including RoW are proposed to be constructed close to the house, settlements,
    I
    social infrastructures and other private properlies. There are 1B houses (one is damaged); one
    Mane, one shed, one suspension bridge, some settlements etc are found within the distance of up
    .- J,]J;,r irr..rirr -rrgic 1-rui',t> dru utc r.r dusrnrssrun rng uutttuot. tlle llsl oi sucn Slruciure/propeny ls
    given in Annex-lX.
    t
    The magnitude of impact on above mentioned private and social infrastructures are high, extent is
    local and duration is long term. I
    W

    B. Operation Phase
    The impact on settlements and community structures remain same in this'period also. The
    magnitude of impact is high, exient is site specific/local and duration is long termed.

    ESSD 6-t7

    I
    I
    f 3/.//z.u KV Lntltme 5Lro-StaUon HUD
    qnd Chilinte -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect ICtr nelJut t

    6.3.6 lmpact on comrnunal resources (recreation area, places of public congregation


    A. Construction Phase
    The proposed transrnission line doesn't passes through communal resources, like recreational
    areas, places of public congregation, etc. Hence, ihere will be no impaci on such resources due to
    construction of transmission line.

    B.Operatiorl Phase
    Some settlernents, markets, schools and cremation sites are located close to the constructicn
    site. lmpact on these structures/places is considered to be significant. The magnitude of impact is
    high, extent is local and duration is long termed.

    6.3.7 lmpact on P.AF due to alteration of land and property values


    The land and property values under the ROW and close proximity to house and settlement will be
    decreased due to the construction and operation of transmission line. Due to implementation of
    transmission line, land near by settlement and road will be affecied mostly. ii restricts the
    multipurpose land use potentiality of the area.The nature of impact is expected to be high, local
    and long termed.

    6.3.8 Disturbances to radio, television, and mobile /cell phone reception


    There will be likely impact on radio, television, telephone, and mobile/cell phone due to creation of
    electromagnetic field interference in the conductor o'f 220 kV TL. The frequency of such electrical
    gadgets will be disturbed. However, there are no proven findings of impact due io high voltage
    transmission line. Hence, the nature of impact is expectedto be high, local and long terrned.

    6.3.9 Health hazard due to current leakage and improper insulation


    Current leakage due to improper earthing and insulation will likely to cause health hazard. Current
    ieakage will result great risk for human and other living being inhabited nearby house and
    settlements. Similarly, impact will also be felt to wildlife movement and habitat.

    6.3.10 Pubtic safety in line segments, passing through close to the settlernents, and places
    of congregation due to collapsing or toppling of towers
    Altogether, 1'1 angle towers namely AP-z, AP-10, AP-16, AP-17, AP-21, AP-27, AP-29, AP-30,
    AP-31, AP-33, and AP-35 are located close to the structures/settlements. Similarly, transrnission
    line section like AP-1 5 to AP-16, AP-22 to AP-23, AP-26 to AP-27, AP-29 to AP-30, AP-32 io
    AP-33, AP-33 to AP-341, and AP-34 to AP-35 passes close to the settlements/ house. There will
    be likely impact on those structures and settlements due to the project implementation. The
    magnitude of impact is high, extent is site specific and duration is long termed.

    6.3.11 Electric and Magnetic Field Effect


    A. Construction Phase
    No significant impacts are expected during this phase.

    B. Operation Phase
    Electric power transrnission lines create electric and rnagnetic field together known as
    electromagnetic field or EMF. Electric fielci is created by the presence of voltage and is expressed

    6-r8
    732/Z/.U KV Lnlttme JUo-sLuLtott fluu port
    IEE Re
    ond Chilime -Trishttli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect
    in the tlne a1.C is
    in volt per meter (V/m). Magnetic field is produced by the present of current the lines
    EMFs are strongest beneath
    expressed in terms of arnpere per meter (A/m). Power lines
    been done abroad to investigate
    and diminish rapidry with distance. Numerous researches have
    proved and quantify about the
    the effect of EMF associated with transmission line but none has
    health has not demonstrated
    health risks. scientific research on the enecis of EMFs on public
    complete absence of risk' The
    clearly the existence of a significani risk, nor has it proven the of
    .finding and conclusions are that the field strength on a 1 321220 kV' line at the distance
    be) exposed to in a domestic
    exposure (heigfits_of 40-40m is less than what one would ordinarily
    setup. ln this context, prudent avoidance is recomrnended'
    ionization leadtng to the
    I
    Electric field of high voltage line -oives rise to corona effect causing
    generation of ozone and oxides of nitrogen, possible radio and television interference and audible
    noise at hlgh levels. such noise wiii increase uncjer'raiii ai-rtj
    smog conditions. similarly, there wi!! t
    be impact on Pacei^naker usei's.
    and duration is
    The magnitude of overall impact is considered to be low, extent is local
    long

    termed.

    6.3.12 Gender and Vulnerable Group


    A. Construction Phase wages for excavation'
    During the project construction people will be employed on daily
    related works. The contractor'
    transportation of construction materials and other construction
    especially the sub-contractors, may discriminate the wornen
    and vulnerable group while hiring the
    worker. Despite, the Governrnent of Nepal ban on child labor, it remains
    a potential temptation in
    for children to be exploited to
    I
    an economically poor region sucn as the proposed project area
    pursue mental jobs. lt is assurned that most of the labor force required
    transmission lrne will be farmers and landless people from
    for the construction of the
    the vicinity of the actual work place
    I
    moving around the alignrnent as the construction proceeds'

    Considering the nature of construction work and rnanpower


    employed the magnitude of impact is
    I
    termed'
    considered to be low, the extent is local and the duration is short
    I
    B. Operation Phase r,.. --:-r;-^^+r., in
    in *ka
    rne
    .After the comptetion of the project most of the male population involved directly or indirectly
    population to look for alternative
    project will be left without job, which will compel the female
    activities. This impact is
    source of income. This will add extra burden to their normal daily
    expected to be high in magnitude, local in extent and long termed
    in duration'
    I
    6.3.1 3 Economic Activities
    A. Construction Phase local economy' The
    The implementation of the proposed project will have some effects in the
    demand,llt]1l11"^",1;
    project
    vJvvr workers and staff will stay at parlicular site for certain days creating
    will also be used for:::".:::I
    yr
    vegetables, dairy ad meat products etc. Besides, local contractors
    ;;;;l;r;;;.nJ ,"quired temporary rand wiil be taken on rent. or rease -r rL^ ?::: -t-:::"
    in the rocal economy of the prolect
    --^;^^+
    activities wiil generate cash in.orn" and have positive impacts
    area. However, the experience with other project has revealed that sudden
    cash flow may cause I
    6-19 NEA
    ond Chilime - Trishuii 220 kV fronsntission line Protect IEE Report

    unproductive spending earned by the workers. The availability of cash may diver't some workers
    towards gambling and other aMul habits like alcohol consumpticn. The magnitude cf irnpact is
    low, extent is local and duration is shorl termed.

    B. Operation Phase
    The local people as well the project area will benefit from ihe project induced economic
    opportuniiies. After the ccmpleticn cf the prcject these oppcrlunities will be closed anC the
    workers will [ose their job. Demand for local agricultural production, community'.and local
    commodity transactions will be reduced. The withdrawal or decrease in economic activity during
    operation phase may affect the life of the local people after the habitual of spending more during
    construction phase. They will face difficulty in rnanaging the lifestyle once the economic activities
    will be reduced and earning will drastically decline. However, due to ihe linear naiure of the
    project, the local labors will be hired at the different locations only for the short duration of time.

    Thus, the nragnitude of the impact is considered to be low because the economic activities are
    lirnited and are spread throughout the settlements of the alignment. The extent is local and
    duration is of long term.

    6-3.14 Religious, Historical and Archeological Site


    A. Constr.uction Phase
    The project area (Rasuwa district) is famous in historical, archaeological and religious point of
    view. However, none of the archeological and cultural sites lie within the RoW.

    B. Operation Phase
    No impact is expected during the operaiion phase.

    5.3.15 Infrastructure and Service Facility


    A. Construction Phase
    lnfrastructures
    The major community infrastructures and resources of the project area are eciucational
    institutions, health care centers, communication, drinking water facilities and community forests
    etc. Construction workers from outside may pose some additional pressure on existing facilities,
    particularly on the existing drinking water and health facilities. Similarly, the work force may use
    forest resources for cooking their meals and making the huts in the construction camps. The
    pressure on forest resources by workforce rnay also be increased. The magnitude of impact
    considered being low, extent is local and duration is shorl term.

    B- Operation Phase
    No impact is anticipated during the operation phase

    6.3.16 Social and Cultural Practices


    A. Construction Phase
    During the project construction, the influence of the outside workforce on the local way of life and
    traditional cultural pracitce may result into cultural erosion, undesired social practices, dispuies,
    conflicts and possible dilution of social bonds among ihe local people. However, the social and
    cultural life style of the local p'ecple will hardly be affected by the infiux of wcrkers due to nature of

    ESSD 6-20 NEA


    73/./11U KV Lntltme sub-stotton Hub
    o nd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect
    IEE Report
    I
    project. This is because of the linear type of the affecied project area, low number of the
    construction workers from outside and their fast mobility. These impacts are expected to
    low in
    I
    magnitude, local and short termed in duration.

    B- Operation Phase
    I
    After completion of the construction work, the impact on culture by the consiruction work force
    subside and will slowly return to its normal social condition.
    will
    I
    6.3.17 Law and Order
    .A. Ccnst:'uction Phase
    t
    During the constr"r:ction of the transmission line labor from different places with different religion
    and faiths will be employed by the contractor and there will be possibilities of conflict of interesi
    thus affectinq the law and order situaiion. I he past experience reveals that iocai peopie have
    type and
    misunderstanding wiih the employer's ancl contracioi-'s staff. Since ihe project is of ltnear
    local labor will be employ for construction activities the likely impact on law and order situation
    due to project is low in magnitude, local and short termed'

    B. Operation Phase
    No significant impacts are expected during this phase

    6.3.18 lmpacts of Aesthetics


    A. Construction Phase
    No significant impacts are expected during this phase

    B. Operation Phase
    lmpacts to visual resources are examined in terms of changes between the exisiing
    landscape
    general public, their
    character and proposed actions, sensitivity of viewing points available to the
    viewing distances and visibility of proposed changes. The existence of tower and transmission
    the
    line will likely to create aesthetic impact on natural and man- made resources. Hence,
    magnitude of impact on aesthetic will be moderate, local and long termed in nature'

    6.3.19 Rural Economy due to Increased Economic Activities


    A. Construction Phase
    -
    -project activities create some sort of employment opportunity and use of local resources, which
    will support the rural econorny. Such activities that float some money locally, can lead to
    project
    inflation
    and the
    I
    in the local market. Such impact is however, low with regards to the size of the
    origin of workforce.

    B. Operation Phase
    First and foremost impact of the operation phase is the withdrawal of economic activiiies
    project
    flourished during the construction phase. As most of the construction workforce leave the
    with low
    area, the facilities developed to meet their demand, will find themselves displaced
    volume of rnoney flow and less economic groMh. Since the locals will be preferred as
    the

    workforce, the impact due to withdrawal of economic activities is expected to be minimal'


    getting similar
    However, the people trained during project construction may have further chance of
    employment

    6-21
    1"32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilinte - Trishuli 22C kV Tronsmission ttne Project IEE R?port

    6.4 Beneficial hnpacts


    A. Construction Phase
    6.4.1 t ocal Employment
    One of the major beneficial impacts of the projeci during the consiruction phase is the creation of
    employment opportunity (both skilled and unskilled labors). Altogether, 300 people wiil be
    deployed during the construction of the project, which includes 200 unskilled, 50 semi-skilled and
    50 skilled maapower. Such employment cpportunities to some extent may check cut migration cf
    the project area and promote in-migration. In this regard, the employment oppcrtunities contribute
    to poverty alleviation and improve living standard of the people to some extent. The project will
    open the door for the rural electrification.
    The magnitude of impact is considered to be moderate extent is local and duration is shorl
    termed.

    6.4.2 Local Economy


    The employment opportunity, income from shops, house rental, increase demand for fresh
    vegetables, meat and rental/lease of land, etc are the areas of income during construction period.
    Furthermore, local contractor and local people will also be engaged for some construction work,
    which is considered as beneficial impacts for the local economy. As a result of increased trade
    and business, significant amount of cash will be introduced into lobal economy. This short term
    economic boom wiil contribute to the development of local economy. The increase in business will
    enhance the economic status of local people. The magnitude of impact is considered to be
    moderate, extent is local and duration is medium term.

    The people of project area will have opportunity to sell their households products (agriculture and
    livesiock) to the construction related workforce and project personnel ai cost better than the
    project market price. This is the significant benefit to the local farmers in terms of cash economy.

    With the start of proposed project construction, visible and significant impact will be realized in the
    local economy of the area as whole and economic activities of market centers like Dhunche.
    Haku, Dadagau and Betrawati.

    6.4.3 National/Regional f,conorny


    The proposed 220 kV transmission line project will be able to evacuate the energy from mega
    projects to be developed in Central Development Region of Nepal. The reliability in power
    distribution will enhance the production of the industries and boost the economic activitv in the
    Centrai Development Reqion.

    6. 4.4 Rural Electrification


    The proposed project will open the door for rural electrification of the central development region
    of Nepal. Though the entire proiect affected VDCs are electrified, all village along the line is not
    electrified yet such as Gre, Nasin Gaun etc. Thus, the project will support these villages through
    ru ral electrification proqrams

    ESSD NEA
    132/220 kV Chilime 5ub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission Iine Proiect IEE Report
    t
    5.4.5 Living Standard
    The beneficial impacts of such deveiopment in the project area are the development of serni
    I
    urban area with better facilities and amenities, which avail short-term economic benefits to the
    local community. Given the opportunity of job (150 locals) in the project construction phase, the I
    unemployed people of the area and households depend upon laborwill benefit immensely.

    Their purchasing power is expected to improve the living standard during the construction phase.
    I
    People that have been thriving in subsistent agriculture with little cash flow in day-to-da,v life,
    when exposed to the direct cash earning economic activities will certainly lead to positive changes
    in the existing sociai reiationships ano socio-economic vaiue.
    I
    I
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    ffi

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    ESSD 6-23 NEA

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    13222C kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishulr 220 kV Transntission line Proiect IEE Report

    CHAPTER VII
    ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

    7.A INTRODUCTION
    A key aspect of good environmental praciice is the evaluation of poiential aliernatives. In
    order to achi'eve this goal the environmental and social considerations need to be bfoughi
    into the planning,'ln case af 132l22Akv Chilime substation Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 22OkV
    TL Project, a range of site alternatives was investigated and the lowest and highest impacts
    on engineering, environmental and land use of these sites was determined to select the best
    substation site.

    The alternative location of the proposed project was selected taking intc consideration the
    following criteria:
    . Which have minimal environmental impact
    n lrnprovement of reliability of the power system
    o Avoid build up swampy and unstable areas
    . Provide easy access for construction and maintenance works
    n Avoid settlemenis as far as possible
    . Proximity of road etc,
    7.1 AlternativesConsidered
    Some of the major alternatrves considered during the feasibility ancl IFF stttdies vvere:
    1. Design alternative;
    2. Construction alternatives in terms of technology, procedures, schedule and raw
    materials to be used and
    3. No forest Option
    4. No project option.

    7.1.1 SiteAlternatives
    Comparative studies for the feasibility of the different routes were done on the basis of the
    following guidelines:
    1. Proximity to the all expected hydroelectric plants to be constructed and
    Shortest distance from the highway as far as possible.
    2 Rectangular or square in shape for ease of proper orientation of bus-bars a Feeders.
    3. Far away from obstructions, to permit easy and safe approach/termination of high
    voltage overhead transmission lines.
    4. Free from master plans/layouts or future development activities for the present anci
    the future.
    5. Easily accessible to the public road to facilitate transport of material
    6. Leveled ground to reduce leveling expenditure
    7. Above highest flocd level (HFL) to avoid water logging.
    B. Minimum or no forest and vegetaiion.
    9. Avoicj the negative impact to the envircnment.
    10. Located on geologically stable ground
    11 Avoid settlements areas or densely populated area
    ESSD 7-I A'EA
    I
    132220 kV Chilime Sub-station Hub
    and Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line Praiect

    12. Minimum no of affected households


    lE E Re port
    t
    13. Avoid close viciniiy of radio staticns, radar canters and airport
    '!
    14. Avoid forest, protected area and wildlife sanctuaries t
    Based on the above guidelines, three possible alternati,re alignments were selected to
    evacuate power from the Chilime 1321220 (v sub-station hub to Trishuli 38 substation hub of I
    NEA. '

    i.2 /i.!te:'nat!.,,es Cons!de:'e.j I


    Proposed 1321220 kV Chilime Hub site was selected at I hambuchet viiiage, Goijung vDC of
    Rasuwa district foi-the evacuation of energy from different candidate hydropower projects in
    Uiriiirtie river basin. Chiiime hub sii.e;s iuui,iii;ti oi-i ii-re i-ighi banl.:. cf Cliiiiiiic,c?.iv,:; ;ii
    I
    Thambuchet village and is close to existing local road.
    I
    Detailed and careful study of the possible routes is plotted in the maps. On the basis of rnap
    study, three alternative routes were selected for Chilime -Trishuli section. The summary of
    three alternative routes uras given in the following table:
    I
    Table 7-1: Alternative route selected during deslt study
    S.
    No.
    Route
    Approximate
    Length (krn)
    I
    l,
    Thambuchet, Chauhattar, Gre, Nasin, Sano Haku, Thulo Haku,
    Chandane, Gogane, Mailung Dovan, Chipleti, Diyale, Dadagau,
    Pairegau, Simle, Puranagau and Champani.
    zo 10 t
    z
    Thambuchet, Chyamdon, Ghaledurbar Dada, Gre, Nasin, Sano
    Haku, Thulo Haku, Chandane, Gogane, Mailung Dovan, Siruchet,
    25.70
    I
    Khadku, Chipleti, Diyale, Dadagau, Pairegau, Puranagau, Champani
    and Archale.
    Thambuchet, Chauhattar, Syo, Bharkhu, Dhunche, Gigan,
    I
    ? Bokejunga, Thade, Gran, Khasra, Palep, Karmidada, Bhayaldada, 25.20
    Kuwapani and Champani I
    To give a better inside of the identified routes, a comparison table was made within three
    different alternative routes.
    Table 7-2: Comparison Table
    t
    I \V U rg-r
    CHILIME-TRISHULI
    | \vqsv ..
    Remarks I
    1 Total length (Krn) 26.10 26.50 25.20 ffi
    Number of angle
    z
    points
    10 39 10 t
    ry
    Access track is
    Access facility is
    close to the Access faciliiy
    Access facility
    poor for few.
    sections of the
    alignment at
    most of the
    is quite far
    from the route
    I
    aiignment

    ESSD 7-2
    section

    NEA
    I
    I
    I
    L32220 kt/ Chilime 5ub-stotion H'-tb
    and Chilime -Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IFF Rennrt

    Crossing of
    1'l kV line '11 kV line 11 kV line
    existing lines (HT
    & LT)
    l-
    L1
    I
    Major River itl
    ii
    I

    ^-^^ ^;^^
    vr u>Jll lg
    it
    No. of settlement
    crossing
    No. of road
    crossing
    lo
    lv Forest area(km) 197
    Could be
    Marshy and
    Not seen Not seen Not seen in the
    unstable area
    field

    10
    i OnU other impact
    Any other
    I rr permanent None None
    structure
    Shorter route,
    No of road
    Most part of the access facility
    and river
    Advantages route is close to is good,
    +f^^1. *i^i-,,a
    crossing is
    ^,,i^+i^^ rY U dUn
    EATJUT | | ilt ilt I lul ll
    minimum
    settlement area
    The line
    The line passes The line passes passes over
    over large forest over low forest settlements
    Disadvantages area & there are area and the line
    lots of settlement comparative passes over
    area with others line. large forest
    area
    14 Order of Priority

    7.3 Determination and Recommendation

    From the desk study on the basls of existing topographical maps available in 1:25000 and
    1:50000 scale, certain difficulties were observed along the Route l. Primary amcng these
    difficulties are as follows:
    i. In the first section (between AP-l and AP-4), the alignment passes cver dense
    settlemeni and steep slope.
    ii. The access facility is quite farfrom the proposed route alignment.
    iii. This route passes over dense forest of conservation area.
    iv The proposed line also passes over high altitude along the region

    Similarly there are also some Cifficulties in Route lll, Primary among these difficuliies are as
    follows:

    11 NEA
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime sub-station Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kv Tronsmission line Project
    IEE Report I
    CHAPTER-VIII
    MITIGATION MEASURES
    I
    8.1. Physical Environment
    rrre maih phygical impacts associated with the proposed transmission line project will be
    related
    I
    m of Way
    to permanunt'unO temporary land take for tower pads and for 30 Right (Ro\n/)

    respectively. Minimization of land take, where feasible, will be the primary miiigaticn
    of the project. The seconci caiegory ui rrruderatv irirpacis incli;'Jes aiiei'aiion iii di'ainagc
    rneasure
    paltorn'
    t
    change In land use practice, iocaiizeci noise arttj irir l,roiiutior-r.
    I
    S.'t.''l T.=pi..giapii;i, i .,,:,-! :-tr-'e p:ii=in and Lan'd-ta!<c
    ha out of
    As discussed in Chapter 6, the total land requirement will be approximately 84'556
    which the permanent land takewill be 5.518 ha forAngletowers and substation,
    TB.5BS ha for
    An area of
    I
    land use restriction and the temporary land take will be 0.45 ha for mobile camp.
    0.878 ha will be required for the construction of the 39 number of tower
    needed for the construction of the substations. The permanent land use
    pads and 4'64 ha will be
    changes due to tower
    not be restricted
    t
    pad construction cannot be mitigated. However, the land under-th.e.RoW will
    for the cultivation and other uses except for the construction of the structures. The
    measures are proposed for the construction and operation phase.
    following
    I
    A,. Construction Phase
    o The natural slope disturbances will be minimized during the construction of tower pads'
    I
    and/or near water bodies lvill be
    " Erection of tower foundation in the unstable land
    avoided.
    Land fragmentation will also be avoided as far as possible.
    t
    " in off-farm season'
    . The stringing of the line and other construction activities will be done
    . Wherever possible the proposed line will be aligned along the existing
    RoW of gravei I
    road and edges of the fields.

    B. Operation Phase
    pad area will be done'
    I
    Restoration and maintenance of the Right-of-Way and the tower

    Watershed Condition
    8. 1 .2
    I
    acquiring only the
    The adverse impact on the existing watershed will primarily be recuced by
    confined area, restoration and re-i,'egetation of the area' The possibility
    of sedirnentation is
    onrricanod in anrt arnrrnd tower construction sites. The clearance of veqeiation for iower pads
    I
    drainage' Following
    construction is the only physical intervention that may ,Jisturb the natural
    measures are proposed to protect the watershed: n
    A. Construction Phase
    g
    of vegeiaiion will
    Resioration of the area around the torarer pad for cultivation and regeneration
    Vegetation clearing
    be done. Streamside areas alcng the transmissicn line urill be re-vegetated.
    Right-of-Way Top
    and grounci disturbances will be confined witnin the foundation anci required
    soil around the tower pad conbtruction area will be stockpiied and reused for
    site restoration I
    NE4
    8-r
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    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stoticn Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line proiect IEE Report

    Site restcration will be done at each icwer siie. Clearing works will be cafied out in Cry season
    to avoid erosion problems. Especial technolcgies ior foundaiion works like matt founcjaiion vrill
    be selected of tower pads which are near to the roacl, strearns and other flcod prone areas.
    Adequate drainage arounc ali tne towers pad area will be pr-cvicec.
    .

    B. Operation Phase
    Proper inspection ancj maintenance cf tcwer pad areas will be dcne to reduce the risk of scil
    erosion. The annual site verifications and costs will be borne by ihe project proponent anclwhich
    will be included in the operatron & maintenance budget annually

    8.1.3 Air Quality


    The construction and operation of the transmission line will not have significant impact on the air
    quality of the project impact area, The project will not lead to a significant deterioration in air
    quality except in much localized instances and localized areas.

    A. Construction Phase
    Water spraying will be done to control dust pollution. Following measu'res will be implemenied to
    control air pollution in the project area

    B. Operation Phase
    No mitigation is proposed for the operation phase.

    8.1.4 Noise and Vibrations


    Dr:e to the construction activities. there may be an impact on the ambient noise level in ihe
    vicinity of the construction area. The relative distance of existing setrlement from the
    construction sites will mitigate adverse impacts to some exient. Local villages living adjacent to
    the study area will be mostly afiected by noise emissions during the construction and operation
    Howevei-, this problem is expected to be insignificant.

    A. Construction Phase
    Regular maintenance will be done for all equipment as per
    ' " Specifications lrlanufacturer's

    ' Working hours will be limited in more environmentally sensitive areas for e.g. near
    settlements
    " Helmets, Ear mufflers or plugs will be provided to the laborers
    . Temporary relocation of particularly vulnerable people (old/sick. etc.) to acceptable
    locations will be done

    B. Operation Phase
    No nritigation is possible against the low noise caused by the Corcna effect during tire operaticn
    ph ase.

    ES.S' l)--
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    132/220 kV Chilime sub-staticn Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission Iine Proiect
    tEE Report
    I
    8.1.5 Water QualitY
    The main irnpacts on ihe water qualiiy will be due to the soil disiurbances (from foundation
    I
    work) and waste generated from work camps. The discharge of liquid and solid wasie into the
    streams from l.abour carnps may result in water quality pollution. The contractcr will provide
    onsite sanitation fa'bilities to control and treat wastes within the workforce campsite. Side casting
    I
    of excavated material from ihe foundation inio the suriace water bodies may result in waiar
    oollution. t
    A. Construction Phase
    . Gai-bage and solid 'uvastes genei-ated b'y ihe
    . - . i- - -:: - -
    'uvorkfoi-ce .,vill be dumpcd safely a"^,'ar- I
    ItofIl watel uuules.
    . Good construction practices and site management will be adopted to avoid impacting
    soil and ground water, and pollution of water bodies from accidental spills from fuels
    t
    "
    .
    and lubricants etc.
    Toileis in all camps will be provided during consiruction
    All waste oils and chemicals will be collected and stored in quitable storage tanks and
    I
    B.
    disPosed through incineration

    Operation Phase
    I
    Since the impact on water quality during the operation period is expected to be minimal,
    mitigation measure is ProPosed.
    no
    I
    8.2 Biological Environment

    8.2. 1 Mitigation Measures


    I
    The mitigation measures that will be adopted for the impact on floral and faunal resources
    during the project construction and operation phases are as follows: t
    8.2.1.1 Minimizing the Forest Clearance
    A. Construction Phase
    be done to minimize the
    I
    .Selective felling of trees iiltfre right of way of the transmission line will
    forest loss. Similarly, the trees in the gully and valley will be avoided from felling as far as
    possible. In such area, it is proposed that the minimum forest clearance that are needed for the
    way will
    I
    laying and stringing of conductor will be maintained and remaining trees of the right of
    be kept intact. This will not only minirnize the forest loss but also indirectly contribute to
    conserve the biodiversity of the project area. RoW vegetation clearance will be carried
    out I
    to
    manually. As far as practicable, towers will be placed in ridges to avoid the forest clearance
    the extent possible $
    proper foresi
    Trees that are likely to be removed will be counted, marked and harvested with the
    techniques by involving iechnical staffs frorn the respective District Forest Offices. For the
    RoW
    of
    n
    clearance in cornmunity fcrest, the preference will be given tc the users concerned
    Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) rather than cr-rtside labors which wili help for the
    conservation of foresiland indirectly and will provide work opporlunity to locals as well.
    The' I
    ESSI) 8-l NEA
    I
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    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-steticn Hub
    ctnd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IEE Report

    project prcDcnent will aCcpt rnethcdclcgy to rninimize loss cf saplings Curing ccnstruction tc the
    extent possible. Wood and oihei- foresi pi'odr-rcts exiracied as part ol rhe siie clearance from the
    forest will be utilized as per ihe Forestry Reguiairons.

    The project proponent will prohibit project workers for.the coliection of non-timber,.forest
    products. Informative and warning sign at each construction siies locaied in and around the
    forest area will also be piaced.

    B. Operation Phase
    All type of gror,'ving trees wiihin the ROW wili be irimmed regulariy in every alternaie year. The
    project will Ljse Electricity Regulation, 1993 fcr the minimum clearance requireci for the
    transmission and distribution lines, which is generally 30 meter (15 meter on either side of the
    centre line).

    8.2.1 -2 Cornpensatory Plantation


    A. Construction Phase
    As a compensatory measure for the loss of trees due to the site clearance, plantation in 1 .2 ralio
    will be carried out in the area provided by the concerned Community Forest Users Groups and
    District Forest Offices, as per the new provision made in "q{T4fr4- dtJT ,Tliri6 TnTFi d-4fl-i{i-d
    aifi-l]-cT ?o€,o''" against the earlier provision of plantation in ihe ratio of 1'.25.

    The cornpensatory plantation will be conductecj for 6196 trees (pole and tree sized) lnrhich are
    estimated to be fallen down from the project affected national forests, communitv foresis during
    project construction. A total of 5,196 seedlings (@ 2 seedlings per tree cut down) of different
    species of piants will be planted. In addition, as per the requirements of Procedural Guideline
    for the Use of Forest Land 2063 the plantation of 71842 number of seedlings wiil be done in
    44.9C1 ha of forest area (at the standard ratio of 1600 seedlings per ha.) which is equivalent to
    the iotal forest area occupied by the project components Therefore, in totality 84234 numbers of
    seedlings will be planted as a cornpensatory plantation.

    Due attention will be paid{o plant local species suitable to the area , species cut down by the
    project as far as possible, species preferred by the local communities and species which
    contribuie to ihe imorovement of habitats for available birds and mammals.

    The plantation sites will be finalized after discussion with the members of concerned community
    forest user groups (CFUGs) and officials of respective District Foi'est Office. The proponent will
    request to District Forest Offices and CFUGs io locaie the land for plantation. Plantation designs
    for each specific sites identified will be developed after consultaiion and interaction with the
    concerned stakeholders. The initiai discussion made with District Forest Offices anC concerneC
    comrnunity forest users group reveals that ihe plantation area rs available in the affected
    comrnunity foresis and its vicinity for cornpensaiory plantation.
    For the purpose of planiaiion work, the seedlrngs i'equired may be pu;'chased frcm the plant
    nurseries / District Forest Office or there rnay neeo to establish a nursery in the prclect site if ii

    ol
    I
    L32/220 kv Chilime Sub-stotion l-iLtb
    ond Chitime - Trishuli 220 kv Tronsmission line Project
    IEE Report I
    is determineC tc establish a nursery, the appropriate lccation fcr the nursery will be finalizeC in
    consultation wiih the concerned stakeholders. There shall also be the provision of replacemeni
    plantation a,'ter one year of tree plantation based on the rnortaliiy raie of seedlings'
    I
    B. Operation Phase
    I
    As per the prdced,ural Guideline for the Use of Forest Land 2063, the planiation site shall
    be
    managed by the proponent for five years or required cost for such management musi be paid to
    llenai-tii,eni l-oi-est/Disi;-ict Fo;'est Office. In ci'dci'to coi-llcl'"'with this rcquii'crncnt. thc
    i;f
    I
    nropon*ont will eitner" manage ihe plantaticn site for five )/ears or the estirnated cost fot" the entire
    t-'-t--"--_

    management work will be provided to the respective District Forest Offices, and/or concerned
    forest user groups.
    I
    8 -2.1.3 Harvesti ng Costs I
    A. Construction Phase
    The cost of harvesting, logging and transporiing of the trees and other forest products
    community forests will be provided as per the district norms to the concerned agency following
    in
    I
    the provision made in Article 65 of Forest Regulations 2051 The harvesting costs for each
    community forest will be provided by the project proponent. The compensation cost for ihe
    harvesting, logging and transportation of forest is parl of project construction work and will be
    I
    included in construction cost hence it is not estirnated separately in this IEE Repcrt.

    B. Operation Phase
    I
    During operaiion phase, there will not be the issue of harvesting of trees. However, the growing
    trees within ROW will be trimmed regularly in every alternate year at the cost of the proponent. I
    8.2.1.4 Compensation Cost for Private Trees
    A. Construction Phase
    I
    The trees removed from the private land will be compensated as per prevailing rates. Due
    ccnsuliation will be made u,rith the concerned District Forest Office and stakeholders while
    determining the rate.
    I
    B. Operation Phase
    I
    During the operation phase, this issue will no rnore exist. Hence no mitigation measure will be
    adopted. I
    8.2.1.5 Supply ot f uel to worKers
    A. Construction Phase Y
    lf practically feasible, construction workers will be prevented from the use of fuel wcod fcr
    cooking their food items. The project proponent will provide kercsene/LPG to ihe extent possible
    to project workers staying at temporary/permanent iabour camps to minirnize forest loss in order w
    to meet their fuel wood demand.
    T
    Nfu).

    I
    8-_s

    I
    132/220 kV chilime sub-stotion Hub
    line Proiect IEE Report
    o nd Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission

    alternative fuel is nct possible, the naphazard ccllection of fuel


    wcod frcnn the
    lf the use of
    Range Post and
    nearby forest will be controlled in coordination wiih ihe Forest User Groups,
    District Forest Office.

    B. Operation Phase
    workers'
    During operatioh phase there will not be the issue of fuel wood management to

    8.2.1.6HabitatLoss/ChangeofWi|dAnimalsandBirds
    A. Construction Phase
    phenomenon' However'
    The impact of forest clearance on habitat loss/change is a perr^nanent
    the compensatory plantation of trees and awareness for forest management and wildlife
    The clearing of
    conservation is considered to help for minimizing the impact to some extent'
    Felling and cutting of
    trees will be done manually causing less impact on adjoining vegetation'
    be very minimal in
    the trees along the TL corridor will create forest fragmentation, but that will
    magnitude and wildlife in the long run will be able to adapt it naturally'
    possible construction work will be labour based The project proponent wili
    be
    As far as
    responsible to avoid unnecessary machinery disturbances and lighting'

    B. Operation Phase
    habitat loss/change of
    During operation phase no mitigation measures will be adopted regarding
    wilcJ animals and birds. However, the growth of planted tree species
    is expected to reap sorne
    benefit to the avatlable species of animals and birds'

    8.2.1.7 Restriition on Hunting and Poaching


    A. Construction Phase
    poaching and any other kind of
    The project workers will strictly be prevented from hunting and
    national forest,
    illegal activities related to hunting and poaching. The construction work within
    Forest Users Group
    community forest area will be coordinated through, DFO and community
    (cFUGs). Informative and warning sign will be placed at relevant construction sites The
    strictly for application
    contractor who is liable to control his labour in this regard will be instructed
    of specification regarding hunting and poaching control'

    B. Operation Phase
    Duringoperationphasenomitigationmeasureswi|lbeadopted.

    8.2.1.8 Avian Hazards


    Measures to minimize bird injury and death associated with the transmission line
    will be
    considered in line design. Markers such as colour balls will be aitached to conductors
    to

    irnprove line visibility for bird wherever it is necessary and technically feasible

    8.2.2 Enhancement Measu res


    In addition to the above mentioned mitigation measures, following bioiogical enhancement
    and its
    rneasures will be adopted in order to provide projeci benefit to the affected CFUGs
    rnembers.
    NEA
    recn 8-6
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transmission line Proiect IEE Report
    I
    5.2.2.1 Assistance to Community Forest Users Group
    Training and oiher assistance program wili be provided io ihe nrembers and users of comrnuniiy
    I
    forests ai'fected by the projeci. The training program basically includes capacity building training,
    forest managemenVwildlife consenration training, NTFP iraining etc. Moreover, sorne minor
    assisiance like siipport for plantation, cost for forest managernent, support for preparation of
    I
    work plan, office tools/ furniture, support for purchase of herbal processing machines anci others
    will be provided to the proiect affecied community forests. I
    8.2.2.2 Awareness on Forest ruianagement anci Vviiciiiie Conservation
    TL^ ^-^;^^+
    I tlY PIUJc;TJ|- -,^A^^^^+..,ill
    PtL,Pl/|l9t{(
    :*^l^#^6+
    Vyill illlPtsrtrsr ^\.,^r
    rr dvvarsr|EJJ Prvvrqrrr
    *n
    rv rrnrarn
    qvvqre lanrl
    rvear nonnlo
    yvvf/ru
    foi'esi Lisei-S group of iiie pi'ojeci ai'ea aboui the ioi'esi mafiaEeiiicrii., Lcciiiiiques i;i;ci iiieiiruus ui
    anrl mcmhor nf t
    forest management, forest conservation, tree plantation, economic importance of forest its role
    in rural society and other relevant forest management matters.
    I
    Similarly, awareness for wildlife conservation will be implemented to minimize the adverse
    impacts on local wild fauna This will include the irnportance of wildiife conservation, existing I
    rules and. regulation with respect to wildlife, benefits associated with the wildlife conservation
    and other relevant topics.

    The awareness program will be providecj to the selected executive members and users of
    I
    Community Forest Users Group. Such programs will be implemented at different places of the
    project area. The program will be implemented in close coordinaticn wiih Districi Foresi Offices. t
    local NGOs, CBOs and oiher concerned agencies. Organizaiion of lectures, field visits,
    documentary shows, distribution of informative materials will be the methods to be utilized for
    awareness prograrn.
    I
    8.2.2.3 Non Timber Forest Products
    -i-raining
    for cultivation of Non Timber Forest Products (NTFP) especially medicinal aromatic
    I
    plants and other herbs and condiments and/or agro forestry will be given to selected members
    and users of affected CFUGs. Appropriate agro-forestry rnodels using suitable NTFP spectes
    be developed for different land types in consultation with the concerned communities.
    I
    -will
    The members from the affected CFUGs, will be encouraged for the plantation of NTFPs and
    other vegetations having economic values along the RoW of the line falling under conrmunity
    I
    forests. This will provide them with the opportunities of long term income source as well as
    maintaining the vegetation cover under RoW. The species to be planted will be selected in
    bei^l nnncrrllatinn rrrrifh r-onnornerl diclrint fnreq,t nffir'es anri nroieci affer:fed enmmttnitv forest
    I
    users'groups.
    ffi
    The detail of training program will be developed with due consideraiion of the needs of ihe iocal
    communities in consultation with district forest offices. The modalities of the training will be
    delivery of lecture by experts, visual shours, posters, reading material and iisctlssicn. The
    co,'nmunities after receiving the training will be aware about the various NTFPs, their ciiitivation
    t
    praciices, harvesiing techniques, stoi'age method, processing and marketing
    I
    ES.S'
    e1 NE,\
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    I32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stction Hub
    o nd Chilime - Trishtrli 220 kV Tronsntission line Proiect IEE Report

    8.2.3.5 Biologica! Mitigaiion and Enhancsmeni Cost


    fhe ioial biological nritigation and enhanceme.nt cosi is esiii^nated io be NRs.'1,56.23,400
    (l\liiigaticn cost -NRs 1 22,,30,8A0 and Enhancemeni ccst- NRs 3-q,50,OOC).
    q
    l
    Table E.1': Mitigation Measures Cost
    SN Mitigation Program i Unit i Amount in NRs.
    j lRate

    1 j Biological En,rironment
    i I Phase l'nr,r'u i i

    Comoensatory olantation o{ 84,234 | 100 RA )? ANN


    io A4 )? /.ni i

    seedlings I
    I

    t-z ManagernenU take care of planted NRs 35,000 21 ,00,000 21,00,000


    site for 5 years nar mnnih i
    I

    Support for fencing at specific tq 15,00,000


    nlantod citac
    Placement of informaiive and 250,0c0 2,50,000
    warning signs regarding forest
    rnanagement and wiidlife
    conservation
    Sub-total-1 1,22,73,400 | 1,22,73,4001

    Tabie-8.2: Enhancement ivieasures Cost


    Enhancement Program Amount in NRs.
    Total j

    I
    I

    Eiological Environment I

    a4 i Assistanceto the project affected CFUGs 10,00,000 i

    a.L I Awareness program on Forest 1C C0,000 10,00,000 l

    Managernent and Wildlife Conservaticn i

    2.3 Training progran'l on Non- timber forest iLS 1 0,00,,00c 7,50,000


    products and technical support. I

    L.q Technical support from concerned District iLS 3,00,000 3,50, C00
    forest Offices and Community Forest
    I

    Office (TA/DA, program design etc.)


    Sub-total-2 33,00,000 50,000 33,50,000
    Grand Total (Sub-total-1 + Sub-total-2) i ts63t4ool

    The tiile of the training programs as mentioned above couid be changed as per the demand
    from the CAMC, district forest office and community forest user groups. The training wiil be
    provided tc the selected users and members of ihe affected Community Forest User Groups
    and CAMC The number of training programs to be conducied will be determined depending
    uoon ihe number of oarticipanis, demancj from communities and availability cf resource
    persons. Technical resource persons and excerts shall be deplcyec for ihe training programs
    frcm District Fcrest Offices and oihe;- relevant o,ffices

    trssD R-3 NEA


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    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stcticn Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project IEE Report
    I
    lssues
    Table-8.3 Summary of mitigation measures rnatrix
    lmpacts Mitigation/ Enhancement fuleasures I
    I
    Ccnstruction Phase
    Vegetation/for I Clearance of 44.9C1 ha of forest
    est resources 'l land falls under RoW
    Plantation of 71842 seedlinqs
    I
    Loss of tree I Removal of 6196 rrees including
    pole size
    Altogether 12392 seediings will be
    planted in 2 project disiricts @ rate of
    i.2 a> per [i ru rcquiretrrerr[ uiGuii.
    I
    !nr.:,^* :,r, 17 lni"-|,""'
    Seieciive feiiinq wiii be cione anci foresi
    in deep vallevs-will not be removed.
    :;^.o,-ias ,-.{
    !"
    ;-.1:r.}< '{::;
    I
    I
    ""i"'r" "" ' ' i''1''

    to implementation of the project, plant diversity and a combination of


    income generating, fodder and
    commercially important species will be

    Community lmpact on 1B community forest due


    selected for plantation.
    lmplementation of training and
    assistance program for the CFUGs
    I
    forest to removal of trees
    l_--
    Rare Removal of 3 trees soecies
    affected by the project
    Due emphasis will be given for the
    I
    endangered plantation of species having
    and proiected conservation significance. Forest
    cnonioc conservation awareness program will be

    Firewood and
    tirnber
    Increase in pressure on local
    vegetation due to increase in
    I
    implemented in prcject area.
    Common dining facility for group, use of
    i LP gas or kerosene for cooking and use
    I
    demand of firewood and timber

    The implementation of the project


    of other construction maierial rather than
    wood is proposed.
    lmplementaiion of NTFP training and
    I
    will affect NTFP/MAPS distribution of NTFP/ MAPs species to
    CFUGs
    Reductiori'in available forest habitat I The plantation in 110.65 ha area will
    I
    due to removal of forest from I minimize this impact
    T
    Wildlife Little lmpact on movement of Wild Due emphasis will be given for the
    movement life in Mailung khola, and Trishuli plantation of sapling
    River area due to iraqrneniation of
    forest habitat
    Construction Movement and activity of human Construction work wili be labor based K
    disturbances beings may disturb free movement and unnecessary disturbances will be
    and feeding cf wild anirnals avoided
    Hunting and Likely increase in hunting and Awareness program is proposed ry
    poaching
    i Roachino
    I

    I
    8-9 i,IE:A

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    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-sicticn Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line proiect IFE Report

    i Operation Phase
    I Row Trees will be trimr-neC and cut down Seiective feliing will be dcne anC I

    , c{earance to make conduciol' clearance herbicrde wil! not be used I

    Hazardous i Troac r,rrill ho n, rt .l


    i , ,-_- .,,,, q.v --. *ovvn Selective Fetting ,rzill oe ccnS--=---_1
    Trees Felling
    : Plant Likely invasion of new sp3cies NTFP species will be planted to use
    I DlootvSrstty cleared RoW RoW land and the trees belorry cenain
    I

    i_l height will not be cleared.


    i Ar'nocc fn
    \vvvvg (v lncrease access to foresi RoW rlill be strictly managed ano
    |,
    i
    I foi-est I

    ; awareness program will be implemenied I

    E lectrocution Electrocution to monkevs anci bird Markers such as colored ballwill be


    aitached to wires to improve line
    visibility. Silhouettes of bird prey wili be
    attached to conductors to friqhten birds
    Changes in Permanent changes in 44.901 ha Mitigation measures applied in
    habitat forest area into shrub land and ooen construction phase witi be applicable
    I
    areas I

    WilClife hnpact on movement of wild life, Plantaticn will focus cn the misratorv
    movement area due to fragmentation of forest route to avoid the fragmentation habitat.
    habitat Protection will be done in the tower pads
    falls in this stretch

    8.3 Socio-economic and Cultural Environment


    ln lhis sub-chapter miiigation measures on socio-econornic and culrural environment have been
    proposed order to address impacts of the proposed project.

    8.3.1 Acquisition of land and structure


    A. Construction Phase
    Com pensation for Structures
    Compensation will be providedfor 2 structures (lhouse and 1 kitchen). Compensation cost for
    structures has been calculated classifying into two categories i.e. cost for plinth area of the
    structures and construction cosi of the structures

    n
    compensation cost for land occupied by structures (plinth area)
    Since structures are located in the proposed substation site and area occupied by structure is
    incluCed in substaiion components so additional amount for plinth area (i.e.360 sq.ft) will
    not be
    required.

    o
    Compensation of structures based on construction cost
    The total compensaiion of 2 structui'es based on the construction ccst is estimaied tc be Rs.
    9,C0000.00. Out of which compensation for t housa anC lKitchen are Rs 7.ZC,COC.CC and
    Rs-1,80,000.00 respectively. The construcrion cost per sq. fi is estimated to be Rs 1000.

    E-c*qD E- r0
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    Type of
    Table 8.4: Construction cost of the Structures
    No.
    r
    area (Sq. ft.)'i | t^
    Rate
    , r4r
    i

    i
    Amount
    (Rs.)
    I
    structures {i<s./sq.ft) i

    I Kiichen
    720 i
    180
    tooo |
    1000 i
    7,20,000.00
    1 ,B0,ooo.o0
    t
    Total ---'l 2 i 900 i tooo 19,00,000.00
    Source: FielC Survev 2O11 I
    g^- l^-l

    I
    -^-*^-^^+:^-
    'sul lllJEl l5a[l(Jll l\,,,r ldl l\l

    @or permanently acquired land


    Thc lrojcct wi!! accititcd ?7.735.ha lf cr-llli'..ratcd lrnC Qr-r! xf tot-!, 3 ?88. ht' ir. nerrn:-'ncni lrnd
    (land required for angle tower and substation area) and 34.497 ha is tenrporary land (land
    required for RoW excluding angle tower and mobile camp). t
    However, compensation cost for 3.080 ha of land of 30 households has been calculated for the
    study purpose (Surveyed households). Hence, mitigation cost for 3.080 ha of land is estimated I
    to be Rs. 30182627.OO. (The average price of land of the project area is Rs. 98,00,0O0iha
    respectivety). Based on this cost, using prediction rnethod, cost for 3.288 ha of permanently
    acquired land will be Rs. 3,22,22,400. However, the individual loss of land owned by 30 I
    households and their value is given in Annex-Vlll.

    .compensation for Permanently land required for restriction


    I
    The lanfl used for transmission line is considered as permanently required land for restriction .
    The total cultivated land to be used is 34.047 ha for land restriction. Cn the basis of the
    surveyed households, the average price of the compensation cost of 34.047 ha of land is
    I
    calculaied as Rs. 33,36,60,600. As per NEA new practice, project will provide only 2Aok of the
    total land value for land use restriction. Therefore, the compensation cosi for temporary land is T
    Rs. 6,67,32j2O.

    Rent for leased land


    '
    Project will use 0.45 ha _cultivated land for mobile camp. lt will spend total amount of NRs.
    I
    3,52,800 for this provision (NRs. 3,92,000/ha).

    .
    I
    Total compensation for land
    Hence, ihe total compensation of land to be acquired permanently and ternporarily used is Rs.
    9,93,07,320.
    I
    ffi

    I
    8 il
    t
    NEA

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    1,12/22A kV Chiltnte Sub,staricn Hub
    ond Chilirne - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsntission line proiprr IFF Po.^r!
    ,q( ,tLPv, L

    Table 8.5: Compensation for the Land Loss


    i5.- lype of Land Total Price
    j' No.i
    ^, ^
    Total Land (Ha)
    n"Rs
    RemarI<s

    1 i Permanent Land 3.288 ha (0 518 ha for- 3,22,22,40C 10c%


    i
    I

    Loss fcr 23 APs and 2.77 ha for I Ccmpensation


    i Acquisition substation) I

    Permanent Land 34.047 ha 6,67,32,120 20o/o


    for Restriction Compensatron
    Temporary land n ,.^
    Atr. ttd
    v.aJ 3,52,800
    for Mcbiie camps
    i Total 9,93,07,320
    Source: Field survey, 201 4

    8-3.2 Compensation for loss of standing crops


    Production Loss in Permanent Land
    The tctal comoensaiion of the project affected househords for production loss of 7.91MT is
    estimated to be Rs. 2, 71,755. The value of total lcss of crops is estimated based on their yield,
    productiort, and local market rate. The crop wise value with area is shown in Tabie-8.6.
    Sirnilarly, individual loss of loss of crops is shown in Annex-Vlll.

    Table-8.6: Value of Total Loss of Agriculture production due to Land Acquisition


    I

    I
    I Surveyed households
    ou o q

    Actual
    Crop production Production Production
    S.N.
    "i#'T:l't' jR*o'nt
    I

    Amount
    types area loss Loss (MT) Loss (tvr) j
    (ha)
    1 | Paddy 0.553 1.46 i 2.64 58400 t.Jo 6232s
    2 Wheat 0 455 0.87 i 1 91 33060 i 0 93 35248
    Maize 1.564 2.91 i 1 BB 111720 | 3 14 119280
    4 Millet 1.289 - 1.47 | 1.14 51450 1.57 | 54904
    Total 6.74 254630 7.19 2,71,755
    Source: Field Survev 2014

    Production loss in land restriction


    The project requires 34.047 ha cultivated land as land restriction ( R0! /) The total loss of
    cereal crops produced in this land is estimated as74.62 MTwhich value is esiimated to be Rs.
    228,18,726 forone year. The crop wise area allocation, prcduction and value is shown in Table-
    810

    ? t1
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    i32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IEE Report I
    Table-8.7: Value of Total Loss of Agriculture Production due to land utilization
    l---l-@--T------] Amount i
    I
    i l_Crops ltano lprcduction lProd"..,l:ni Prod uctivity
    S.N Types
    i

    I
    d{ cd tu5>
    (ha)
    Loss (fvlT) | (|tnTlha)
    .t I
    1 Paddy l34.o47 i 6.0e2 1 16.08 12.64 : 643315
    l34.O47 l s.04s 9.54 l 1 e1
    a
    z \ /heat 1 1 366165
    rr_:....- | 4. dt- | 4- -4 - | a^ rC | 4 4
    l\,tAl/P t.)4tt4t I tt -tt() t.r/.r\t r I

    | 57?046

    Sor-rree: Fielcl SLrnre\! 2014


    ?8_19736 | I
    o
    Total compensation for Production Loss
    Hence, the total compensation for Production Loss of permanently acquired and
    restriction land is Rs. 30.90.481.

    Table 8.8: Compensation for the Production Loss


    I
    b. Production Loss Total Price
    Type of Land (MT)
    No. NRs

    I
    1 Permanent Land
    Temporary Land
    7.19
    74.62
    t 2,71,755
    28,18.726
    I
    3090481
    Source: Field Survev. 2O14

    8.3.3 Health, Water and Sanitation


    A. Construction Phase
    The project proponent will keep the project area clean and hygienic to ensure that the project
    does not cause the spread of communicable diseases. The labor camp will be provided with
    simple dry pit toilet constructed on hard ground and far frorn water sources. Toilets will be made I
    for temporary camps at the rate of approximately 6 people in each toilet.

    First aid kits will be maintained for preliminary treatment in emergencies. The dornestic solid
    waste generated in ihe project area will be eiiher buried in designed landfill areas or converted
    in to composi. An additional health care centre will be esiablished in the project area in order to
    ;':"id: ^^:'i
    t?:'l^ :?'^ ^^r lr^^'rr^ ^^^i't^^*^
    I
    A joint program on health and sanitation will be launched in association with the exisiing NGOs fl
    and other local communities during the construction phase. ln addition, healih posts lccated in
    the affected VDCs will be strengthened in asscciation with the District Health Office tc rneet the
    demands cf neu.r cases. Prior to this certain medical faoiities wiil be provided by ihe health
    centre. For serious injuries, especial arrangemeni (anrbulance provision) will be made io send
    I
    the injured person to the nearest hospital. Healih check-up of wcrkers and dccurnentation of

    8-t.;

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    i.t2/22A kV Chilinte sub-st.tticn Hub
    ond Cltilinte - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prolect IEE Repfft

    health status will be rnade pericCicaliy. Pr"icrity will be given to the lccal pecple in project works
    io minimize ihe impacis on healih an0 saniiaiion.

    Tne project must 3nsure adequate safety gears for workers (Perscnal Prctective Equipment,
    accornmodaticn, First Aid box etc). lt must arrange the training for contractors ancj workers. lt
    should provide tdmporary securiiy fencing surrounding the construction siie and safeiy
    signboard at all siies in Nepaii languages should be put.

    To minimize the impact on water supply at least one drinking water supply system will be
    instailed ai each camp site io cope ihe demand of ihe drinking vrratei' supply ior the labors and
    technicians. The water supply of the prcject area will be strengthened by installation of new oipe
    iines. keeping taps at a regular interval, and by improving the storage of water at the source.
    The quantity of drinking water will be increased by distributing ihe water of existing perennial
    stream. This waier supply system will be handed to ihe local community after the pi-oject is over.

    Operation Phase
    No mitigation measures are required during this phase

    8.3.4 Occupational Hazards anC Safety


    A. Construction Phase
    The construction area will be cleared up and all the necessary precaution and warning signs will
    i-ie placecl at constn-rction siie Thi5 3rq2 wiil b-- restricted for the entry of unauthot'ized people
    The project proponent will provide safety helmet, eye glass, safety boot safety belt, fire fighting
    accessories. caution signals and other safety equipment as required at parlicular site and work
    dt cd.

    Safety training will be implemented and any loss of life or injury will aiso be compensated as per
    prevailing rules The safety training for the project workers will be conducted pricr to the
    construction work. Community safety awareness program about the transmission line and
    potential risks associated with transmission line construction will also be implentented in nearby
    settlements anci school alea. Hoarding board will be placed in the sensitive area (school and
    other public places). Project will fence the towers in the sensitive area through its civil work. The
    project workers involved in construction work will also be trained for health and occupational
    measures.

    B. Operation Phase
    Safeiy equipment required for the operation of the transmission line will be provided. During the
    matntenance, the construction area will be restricted for eniry of unauthorized person to avoid
    disiurbances and risk. Safety helmet & glass, safety boot, ear plugs, good eleciric light system,
    gocd earthllng devices, fire fighting accessories, caution signals, safety beit and other safety
    equipments as required at particular slte and working area will be provided The 30rn RoW will
    be sirictly mainiained io minimize ihe likely risks of conductor breakage, induced voliages, etc
    Appropi'iate proiection systenr and equipment rsill be installed at the substation to ensure the
    autcrnatic isolaticn cf the line in case of abnormal conditrons.

    E.S,SD 3- 14
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    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
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    I
    8.3.5 lmpact on PAFs due to alteration of land and property value
    ,. A. Construction Phase
    a+ Land fragmentation will be minimized as far as possible. Remaining ponion of land that will not
    I
    ' _ significant fcr agriculture purpose will be acqurred fcr tower foundation. Cornpensaticn for
    bermanently acquired and temporarily used lands will be provided. The ternporarily used land
    will be return to respective land owner as in ihe previous condiiion.

    8.-3-6!mpact clrre to restriction of fntrrre land rrse develonment close to settlement


    A, Construction Phase
    I
    Coordination wiih the project affected households, VDCs/DDC authority and concern
    stakehoiders wili be done during to consiruction phase. Lartcj Use Poiicy-2068 wiii be foliowed t
    whiie clesigning cf the projeci.

    8.3.7 Disturbance to radio-television and mobile/ cell phone reception


    A. Operation Phase
    Coordination will be done with the concern authority for the minimization of frequency
    interference and easy network connection of radio-television and mobile/cell phone reception. lf
    required, the project will support for the establishment of additional mobile/cell phone towers in
    the criticai areas. I
    8.3.8 Public safety in line segment passing through close to settlement, and places of
    " congregation due to collapsing or toppling of towers
    A. Operation Phase
    I
    Following mitigation measures will be followed for public safety:
    o Public awareness about the possible collapsing or toppling of towers; and I
    " Quick information system will be developed through locals/ NEA authority while
    happening of such incident parlicularly during earthquake and thunder.

    8.3.9 Electric and Magnetic Field Effect


    A. Construction Phase
    No mitigation measure is required during the construction phase since the transmission iine will
    I
    be charged until the completion of the stringing.
    .not
    B. Operation Phase
    t
    ln order to reduce the impact of the EMF effect, phase split in either of the circuit will be
    considered during the Detail Design Stage. Market centers are far from the transmission line,
    ..,:rr:r-^ri -^J..^^ lL^ :*^^^r ^r ct\Ir l^ ^^*^:^ ^\4^6+ LJ^."^"^' f^' +t.^ -^(^^' '^.4 ^+ +h^ l^^^l
    I
    people, an awareness program about the concept EMF and the risk of neglecting the
    maintenance of the R-o-W will be conducted. ffi

    8.3.10 Gender and Vulnerable Group


    A. Construction Phase
    The project will ensure nct to discrinrinate the local pecple based on their gender, casie, cclour
    I
    f,t

    and place of origin. Similarly, priority for jobs will be given to the vulnerable group as per their

    8-!-i
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    t
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    132/220 kV Chilime 5ub-stcticn Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect lEI Report

    ability anC skills anC willingness to wcrk in the prclect area. Child lacor will be prohibit=C in the
    nraiaa+ -l-k^ .^,;ll ^^^^,,1: rt-^ l^^^l
    p' uJvu( o, =o. The project
    --.^^ ^-^:^^+ pi'oponent
    ^.^^^^^^l wrll consirli and
    ^^-l assisi
    ^^^;^i ihe local Nl/-/
    NGO working for tne welfai'e
    of the women and children to monitor anC conirol Child Labor Act. 2C49 will be effectivel'r
    . irnolemented durrng construciion period.

    B. Operation Phase
    No mitigation measures i-equired during operation phase.

    8.3.1 1 Economic Activities


    A. Construction Phase
    To minimize the adverse impacts on locai economy and enhance the living standards of the
    affected households following measures will be implemented.
    . Compensation for the hindrance due to use of land for the transmission line has been
    done through private negctiation route. Replacement value has been added to the
    average value of the land to bring it closer to or at par with the prevailing market rate.
    The disturbance allowances will be provided io the affected households;
    . To minimize the impacts of loss of agricultural products due tb the land acquisiiion, and
    any effect on the occupation will be compensated through appropriaie agricultural
    extension program, livelihood skill training programs, etc.;
    " Maximum.iob opportunities will be provided to the local people in prudential order and
    assistance to local commr-rnities into the planning thror,rgh cocrdination with distrrct le'yel
    and local eovernrnent office of the resoective district.

    B. Operation Phase
    Nc mitigation measures required during cperation phase.

    8.3.12 Religious, historical and archeological sites


    A. Operation Phase
    No archaeological, historical cr cultural inrportant sites are affected by the ccnstruction of the
    transmission lines. Henceno mitigation measures are required.

    ti.S.tg Infrastructure and Service Facility


    A. Construction Phase
    To minimize the impacts on the existing institutions and service facilities following measures wili
    be implemented.
    " Provision of water supply through tube wells,
    . Separaie communication facilities other than the existing facilities through exiension
    o Provision of health and supporl program;
    n Provision of additional support police force (if required) ihrough coordination with the
    Distr-ict Administration Office, and District Police Office, etc

    B. Operation Phase
    . No mitigaiion measures are requireo dunng ihis phase.

    Eli-iD 8-r6
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    I
    8.3.14 Social and Cultural Practice
    A. Construcjion Phase
    t
    The impacts on social structures and practices in the projeci area are related mostly with ihe
    influx of construction v,rcrkforce and their number. Besides, to minimize the impacts on local
    communities,{ollowing code of conduci will be enforced to the outside construction workers:
    I
    " The labour force wlll be instructed about the conducts and manners to be maintained
    while working along the transmission line. No discrimination in terms of salary or nature
    of job among local and migrant workers will be allowed.
    t
    ' Respecting the rights, properties and practices of local pecple;
    . Prohibiiing ali the ouisicie iabours to iive outsicie construciion camps; I
    . Prohibiting the use ot alcohol rn the project site, camp and nearby viiiages.
    . Management of the short term influx of the labours during construction and stringing
    phases will include communication about the technical aspect of the construction and
    I
    operations, and to allay fears about any apprehensions of perceived accidents during
    the operational phase of the project.
    . The project proponent will demonstrate its concerns about the health and safety of the
    I
    werkers as well as the communrty through awareness prbgrammes and grievance

    .
    redressed.
    The workers will be briefed about the health risk of communicable diseases due to
    I
    .
    unhygienic environment as well as sexually transmitied diseases.
    No child labour or the forced labour would be engaged by the prolect proponent. t
    B. Operation Phase
    Ernployment in RoW maintenance will be given to the local people to reduce tension and
    t
    potential conflicts with local residents.

    8.3.15 La,ar and Order


    I
    A. Construction Phase
    During the construction of the transrnission line, labor from different places with difrerent
    religions and faiths with their own norms and values will be employed by the project contractor
    I
    -and there may conflict o-T interest between locals and the outsiders affecting law and order
    situation in the project area. Local employment, wage/ labor rate, working hours, use of local
    resources by the project workers, etc are the major factors that may create conflict in the project
    I
    area which may pose threat to law and order siiuation. The proponent will implement a strict
    code of conduct for the workforces. In case any worker is found as a drunkard or soliciting
    1r,r-..i,.r,iar, r at tu g-r,,.ii,,g o,.. u"ii, us 1.,s,o,,-o- o, ru rsr ,, r,,,o.o. .--. li,o o^,o.,, ty io-i,,.,-o -; 3-;t
    I
    from Rasuwa and Nuwakot districts will be used to maintain the law and order situation as^,vhen
    required basis. The proposed awareness program will also minimize this impact to some exient. ffi
    B. Cperation Phase
    No mitigation measures are required durtng this phase. Y

    I
    8-r7 NEA
    I
    I
    132/220 kt/ Chilime 5ub-stoticn Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission Iine Proiect IEE Repcri

    !mpact on Aesthetic
    8.3.1 6
    A. Construction Phase
    The significant impact of ii'ansmission line and towers on aesihetic value cannoi be miiigated
    completely The siringing ci'ine 22O kV iransmission line rryith towei's 42 m hign will cause visual
    change to iheexisting landscape anC scenery.

    B. Operation Phase
    No mitigation measures required during operation phase.

    8.3.17 Withdrawal of Economic Aciivities


    A. Operation Phase
    Upon the completion of project, most of the skilled labours find some inconveniences and
    difficulties rn losing their jobs due to financial reason. In order to minimize the adverse impacts
    on ihe local economy in this criiical condition and enhance ihe living siandard of the afrecied
    communities. following measures will be adopted by the projeci:
    A training program like welding, plumbing, electrical wiring etc shall be organized particularly
    targeting for skilled labour force willing to establish their own entrepreneurship, where they can
    utilize their skiil and earn money. A training package shall be developed to suii majority of the
    skilled labour force and encouraee them to initiate their business.

    8-3.18 Resettlement and Rehabilitation Plan (RRP)


    . Relocation of House
    One house belcnging to t household (Norbu Wangde Tamang) of proposeC substatron area cf
    Goljung has to be relocated. However, this household has denied leaving its house and
    reseitling anywhere else because of the adapiion problem to the new society and its attachment
    to cld one. The project proponent should find an appropriate place suitable to resettle him in all
    aspect anC make him convince to leave the place happily.

    The under constructed 12 houses of Sanjen HEP should be resettled anywhere else. The
    Sanjen HEP has resettled these households to this place from their origin. The project
    proponent, thus, should discuss to the Sanjen HEP for this purpose.

    . Applicable policy and legislation


    Land Acquisition Act 1977 will be the main legislative system for land and oiher physical asset
    acquisition. The procedure defined in the Act will be followed for the acquisition; Compensation
    Fixation Committee (CFC) will determine the compensaiion rates of each unit at replacement
    cost. Project proponent is the responsible for the implemeniation of RRP.

    o Entitlementframework
    The entitlement framework accordingly specifies compensaticn and /or rehabilitatron measures
    for twc units of entitlement indiviCuals including affected individuals anC their househcids, and
    grcups. Loss of orivate assets will be valued and compensaied baseC on tne entitlement oolicv
    mairix (Table B.2C).

    q ro
    ES.JD
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime sub-station Hub
    ond Chiiime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IEE Report
    I
    o Governm'bnt Property T
    Government infra,struciures and faciliiies affecied by ihe project will be repaired or replaced in
    ccnsultation with'the relevant Cepadment aurthorities. Gcvernrnent forest land will be acquired
    oy getting appgoval.from Ministry of Forest and Scii Conseniation. I
    ' DisplacementAllowance
    !n aclriition io the comoensation for asset losses. horrseholds who are losino horrses will orralifv
    for the displacernent allowances. Househoids, which required to be relocated, will receive a
    I
    housing displacement allowance equal to per capita income (per capita income is taken as $550
    ,rvhicir is equivaieiri io iiRs.53,460 (@ i$= i.IRs.97.2) of orie rnorriir based oir tlie calcuiaiion for
    a househoici. iriiehoiders, ienanis In own accommociairon anci squaiiers wrii be enriieci io ihrs
    I
    allowance, to be paid at the tinre of compensation payment.
    I
    " Rehabilitation Measures
    Apart from the provision of displacement allowance, the rehabilitation of PAFs will additionally
    be supported through preferential access transmission line eonstruction employment
    I
    opportunities to the extent possible- The project will, in addition, provide some support
    allowances to the vulnerable or marginalized project affected households. ln this project.
    Indigenous, Dalit and Tribal households are categorized into this category.
    I
    There is potentially for two types of grievances. grievances related to land accuisition and
    resettlernent requirements, and grievance related to compensation or entitlement. Special
    I
    project grievance mechanisrns such as site provision of complain hearings allows project
    affected persons to get fair treatment on time. I
    The project authoriiy will ensure that funds are delivered on time to CFC and the implementing
    consultants for timely preparation and implernentation of the proposed, as applicable. The
    compensation issues and rehabilitation measures will be completed before civil work starts. Civil
    I
    works contracts will not be awarded unless required compensation payment has been
    completed I
    . RehabilitationAllowance
    Relocated household will receive a housing rehabilitation allowance. A iotal of NRs. 40,000 has
    I
    been allocated for displacement and rehabilitation ailowances.

    T-l'..l^ a O. Frie^lranmnn{ -6J E)^l'..-r-;li}-ti^- A tl^"'--^^


    I
    Allowances No. Amount
    (Rs.) i W
    Displacement all owance 53,460
    Housing rehabiliiation 4C000
    Total 93,460 I
    ry

    I
    ESSD 8-lq tYEA
    I
    I
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub,staticn Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission Iine proiect IEE Report

    Summary cf social mitigation cost


    The iotal socio-econornic rniiigation ccsi is caiculaiecj ro be Rs. 10,33,91,226j. The deiailed
    cost analvsis is shown in Table-8.10

    Table-8.10: Summary of mitigation cosi


    Description i Anrouni (Rs.)
    I Mitigation fvleasures
    I Description Amount {Rs.) I

    Land acquisition (3 2BB ha)


    Land restri ction(34.047 ha) 6,67,32,120
    I Leased Land (Mobile Camp) 3,52,800
    Compensation for house and structures (2) 9,00,000
    Cornpensation for loss of croos 'ln on /o.tI
    JV.JW.TU
    Permanent loss of crops in
    acquisition land=7. 1 gMT 2,71,755
    Permanent loss of crops in land 28,18.726
    restriction=74 62MT
    Displacement and Rehabilitation Cost 93,460
    Total 10,33,91,261

    8.3.1 I
    Enhancement lrleasures
    Agricultural I ntensification Program and Vegetabre Farming
    B. 3.1 9. 1
    The proposed project will itself provide ihe local comrnunities and the region with numerocis
    opportunities for socio-economic development. As more than 50% of the transmission line
    traverses through the cultivated land, the environment team has ccme into conclusion that the
    prolect area will benefit from the training program on improved agricultural farming systern.
    During the field investigation, the social team observed that most of the cultivated land of Haku
    VDC (Rasuwa district) falls under the area of transmission line corridor. The main vegetabies
    grown here are cauliflower, beans and potatoes. The program will train the local ccmmunity in
    farming of local vegetables and using new techniques for better yield. Priority will be given to
    women wherever possible and practicable. This training program will consist of lectures from
    experts, demonstration of techniques and dissemination of information.

    The other proposed training programs are: livestock including pig farming, fruits cultivation,
    medicinal herbs, use of organic fertilizer; irrigation techniques; appropriate cropping patterns;
    and rnethods of harvesting, processing and storage. Such training programs will be conducted
    in coordination with District Agriculture Development Office, District Livestock Office. District
    Forest Office and District Develcpment Committee of the corresponding VDCs. The total cost
    allocaied for training programs regarding agriculture and iivestock is 1g,40,000 (includinq cosi
    for irainee's allcwance, expert hiring, training materials, logistic support, etc).

    9,SSD 8-r 0
    I
    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-station Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 22A kv Tronsmission line Project IEE Report
    I
    Table 8.11: Cost for Agriculture and l-ivestock Training
    Particulars Tc'ral i Allowance Total Days Total {NRs.)
    I
    Nurnber i
    I

    (including
    Lunch) I
    Trainees
    Traininn
    'J Fvnort
    -"t- - '
    Training Material & Logistics
    5
    Lump Sum
    70000
    500c0
    4,00,000
    i
    I
    t
    Seed and equipment
    ciistribution
    LumpSum 4,00,000 I

    I
    Livestock Training
    Trainees
    I
    Training Expert 50,000
    Training Material & Logistics
    Livestock distri bution
    2,00,000
    5,00,000
    I
    Grand Total
    1o,2o,0oo
    19,40,000 I
    8.3.19.2 Health, Sanitation and Safety Program I
    An awareness program will be conducteci in the project area to alert local people to the poteniial
    dangers related to health, sanitation and safety. This program will be targeted to the peopie
    residing in and around the vicinity of the corridor. lt is envisaged that the influx of construction
    I
    crew will inci'ease the pressure on the existing health facilities of the area. The project
    proponent will be responsible for providing mobile health and sanitation facilities to its work
    fcrce and this will ease the pressure on the existing facilities. The project proponent will provide
    I
    technical assistance and materials for building low-cost squatting type toilets Priority will be
    given to relocates. ln addition, awareness program on construction related safety issues and
    electrocution will also be conducted for the labor force and local residents. A joint prograrn on
    I
    health and sanitation can Be launched in association with the existing NGOs of the project area
    and other local communities during the consiruction phase. In addition, existing health posts in
    the affected VDCs should be strengthened in association with the District Public Health Offices.
    I
    The project will allocate 10,00,000 for sanitation and safety programs program for SPAFs.

    6.J. I V.J DKlll LJeVet(JPltlellt rl{JgIcllll


    I
    Construction related training programs such as electrical wiring, plumbing, and welding wili be
    conducted for the affected population to tackle the adverse impact of the project. This training K
    will enable the inhabitants in getting suitable jobs during and after the construction. The affected
    people will benefit from these skills in house uriring and driving training in iheir own localities.
    The projeci affected people ( especially rrulnerable people) will be benefiied fronr skill n
    developrnent grogram The total estimated cost for such training orograms is NR 13,70,000,0C0
    (including cost for trainee's allowance, expert, training materials, logistic support, eic)
    I
    ESSD 8-t r

    t
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chilinte Sub-stetion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Prciect IFF Rennrf

    Table 8.12: Cost for Skili De.relopnrent Training


    i Paiticulars I ULdI Allowance Total Total (NRs.)
    l_Wiring
    i

    Number includinq Lunch) Davs


    i

    I
    I Trainees tn 740 30 2,10,000
    Training Experl 2sCC 30 1,50,000
    i
    TraininE Material & Logisiics 4,00,000
    7,60,000
    Driving Training
    Trainees 10 7C0 30 | 2,10,000
    a 2500 1,50,000
    Training Expert L JU
    License Process 10 5000 50,000
    Training Material & Logistics L5 2,00,000
    Total 6,10,000
    Grand-Total : 13,70,000

    8-3.19.4 Tourism and handicraft related tralning program


    Rasuwa district is famous for tourrstic target. The Sanjen Himal, Ganesh Himal, Canjin Valley,
    Lantang Himal, Gosai Kunda, Dudh Kunda, Bhairab Kunda and Uttar Gaya Betrawati are the
    rnajor tourist attraction centers in Rasuwa district Many tourists (indoor and outdoor) vtsited here
    e\./ery year. For this point cf '.,iew training progrenr on tourisrn and hanCicraft '"vill be pi'oviCed ic
    the project affected people including locals. Altogether, 10 people will be benefitted wiih the
    proposeci training. A total of Rs. 5,3C,000/- has been allocated for this purpose.

    Table 8.13: Cost for Handicraft Related Training Program


    Particulars Total Allowance Total Total (NRs.)
    Number (including Lunch) Days
    Wiring
    Trainees 10 700 t3 1,05,000
    Training Expert L 2500 tc 75,000
    Training Material & Logisiics Lb 2,00,000
    MaterialSupport 1,50,000
    Total | 5,3o,ooo

    8.3.20 Enhancement Measures Cost


    The total social enhancement cost is estinrated to be Rs. 48,40,000
    Table-8.14: Summary table of Enhancement measures
    Proposed training programs Amount (Rs.)
    Training on Agricultural Intensification and Vegetable Farming 19,40,000
    Health, Sanitation and Safety Program 10,00,000
    3 | Skill Development Prograrn
    i 5 | Tourism and handicraft relaied training progi'am
    l
    .
    I roral | 49,40,00c
    -T-;-:-=-

    Q lt
    ES.S1.)
    I
    1 32/22A kV-Chi lime Sub-stotion Hub

    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Transrnission line Proiect IEE Report


    I
    Grievance Redress Mechanism
    There is poientially for two types of grievances: grievances related to land acquisiiion and
    resettlement requirements, and grievance related to compensaiion or eniitlement. The SPAFs
    .will have access to both locally formed grievance redress ccmmittee. Special project grievance
    rnechanisms such'as site provision of compiain hearings allows project affected persons to get
    fair tieatment on time.

    The project authority rarill ensure that funds are delivered on time to CFC and the implementtng
    consultants for timely preparation and implementation of the proposed, as applicable. The
    compensation issues and rehabiliiaiion measui'es '+;ill bc cornpleleC befcre civil work sta*s. I
    Civii woi-kS COnti-aCiS wiii noi be awai-cjed uniess iequi;eii r;uiiiiiciis"iiiuii [ji:iyiiiui ii. iiiS i-uui-i
    completed.

    8.3.21 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)


    As a corporate responsibility the proponent has allocated some rnoney for the betterrnent of
    local people. Money on differeni programs sectors like education, health, infrastructure, service
    facility and religious sites has been allocated. Following are the sectors covering as CSR:

    Education Support Program


    Financial support will be provided to 9 schools which are located within the 100m to 300rn from
    the proposed transmission line alignment. Support will be provided for purchase of computer,
    library establishment, drinking water facility, ladies toilet construction, extension of school play
    ground and other educational materials. Each school will get Rs. 2,0C,000. Hence, the tctal
    amount for this provision is Rs. 18,00,000. Followings are the name cf schools to be benefitted.

    S.N.
    Tabte-8.15: List of schools benefitted by education support program
    Name of School
    Fnglish School
    Address
    Thambuchet-1
    Remarks
    Substation site
    I
    1 Shree Himalayan
    (Primary) Goljung
    2 Shree Haku Sec. School Thulo Haku Close to angle tower
    o Kalika Primary School Gogane, Haku Close to angle tower
    4 Balodaya Primary School Haku Close to anqle tower
    q Shree Panchalinge Lower Sec. Khadku-6, Close to transrnission line
    School Dadagau alionment
    o Shree Chipleti Primary School Chipleti-7, Close to transrnission line I
    Saraswoti Lower Sec. School Pairigaun-8, Close to transmission line
    Thulogau alignment
    Bhumidevi Sec. School Thulogaun-5 Close to transmission line
    alignment (wiihin 300m)
    Bhumidevi Primary School fulanakamana-6 Close to transmission line i

    alignment (within BOm)


    S.ource: field survey 2014

    ESSD 3-ll

    I
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IEE Report

    Religious, Archaeological sites and social lnfrastructures


    "
    The pr-oponent aims io suppcrt iemples and oiher religious sites as weil as sccial infrastructui'es
    which are lccated clcse proximity tc the transmissicn line ccrridcr. Aitcgether ltemples, 1

    Gurnba and2 health pcst will be benefrtecj iinancially by lhis scheme. Each t'emple, Gumba and
    Health post wi'll receive Rs. 1,00,000. Hence, ihe total budgei for this provision is estirnatecl to
    be Rs. 4,00,000. Suppori will be uiilized for strengthening and fencing cf templesiGumba/Heaitn
    pcst. Fcllowing religious/ cremation sites rirrill be supported financiaily:

    fable-8.16 Lisi of temples/religious site benefiied from financial support


    Name of temple Address
    Tasi Chholing Close to transmission line alionment
    Gumba
    Health Posl Thulo Haku, Haku Close to transmission line
    l-
    Devithan Dadagaun Close to transmission line
    Sub health post Thulo gaun-6 Close to angle point 35 ( within 160m)
    Source. Field Survev 2014

    .
    Health and Sanitation Program
    Mobile health cline will be launched by the proponent during project construction. lt will be
    conducted focussing on general health check-up of school children of the project affected
    \v/T\^^
    uvJ. t)^^:,J^^
    uYJr\rsJ, ^,,^
    uyc qr ru +^^+1.
    ^^'J ^^1, ,,^ ur
    ^l, rvun-uP ^t JEr
    ^^^;^- lt:A dl
    ^;+:-^^ | \u\J
    ilur vruzEr ^L^,,^
    ^-)ru dlrvvg .,^^-^\
    ycdl>) ^-^i^^L
    ^t Pr
    rEcu I vr LI uj=uL
    affected VDCs will be conducted. For this purpose Rs. 8,00,000 has been allocated incluCing
    doctor's fee and other logistic supports. Health clinic vrill be organized for 2 days in each prolect
    affected VDCs. Similarly, Rs. 7,00,000 has been allocated in sanitation sectors like toiiet
    construction in public places (market centres, places of public congregation, holy places, etc).
    Prograrn will be implemented through VDCs and local NGOs.

    n Infrastructure and service facility


    Project also aims to support to people/stakeholders of each project affected VDCs in the
    infrastructures and service_facility sector. Support will be provided for renovation of existing foot
    trails in hilly areas, communiiy building centres for study, furniture purchasing for community
    forest office buildings, management of drinking water sources, strengthening public meeting
    place in VDCs office, etc. For this Rs. 10,00,00C.

    a Additional Support Allowance


    Income generation and skill orient training program are needed to the severely project affected
    households and vulnerable families. According to baseline report, altogether 82% population of
    prcject affected VDCs falls under the category of indigenous and tribal communiiy, whereas
    83.33% of surveyed households are of indigenous group. In this case scme addiiionai support
    allowance will be prcvided for the betterment of their present living conditions. A total of NRs
    2,50,000 has been allocated as additional support allowance.

    5S.SD 3 -_'j; NEA


    t
    .1i2/220 kt/ Chilime Sub-stcticn Hub
    and Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsmission line Project IEE Report
    I
    Table-8.17 Support Allovrance to the Indigenous anC Tribal households
    iTypeofHH @CJiHil
    I
    i
    Indigenous and tribal
    'households
    2,50,000
    I
    Total CSR Cost n
    The tctal CSR cost is estimated to be 49.50,000. The breakdown cost of each sectcr is shovvn
    in Table-8.18
    Table-6.i8 Sutrtirtary of CSR cost
    /\mnrrnt rHc
    I
    Descripiion nrrrvurtr tr \J.

    Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Cost


    Education 18,00,000
    I
    Health and sanitation program 15,00,000

    infrastructure
    4p0poo I
    Addr@
    totat
    10.00"000
    250.000
    49,5o,ooo
    I
    ! I
    I
    8.3.22 Socio-ecohornic Cost
    The mitigation cosl, enhancement cost, and CSR cost for implementing the socio-econcmic anC
    cultural environmental aspect described in this sub-chapier is esiimaied to be NRs
    I
    1 1 ,31 ,81 ,261. Lisiing of the elements and a breakdown of the costs is given in Table-8.1 9.

    Table-8.1 9 Total socio-economic cost


    I
    Description Amount (Rs.)
    Mitigation Cost
    Enhancemeni Cosi
    10,33,91 ,261
    48,40,000
    t
    Corporate So6ial Responsibility (CSR) Cost
    Total
    49,50,000
    1't,31,81,261 I
    I
    W

    wt
    n
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stciion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuli 220 kV Tronsntission line project
    IEE Report

    Table-8.20 Mitigation and Matrix


    Socioeccnomic lmpacts =nhancement
    I
    r ttlitigation/ Enhancemeni lyleasu;.G
    and Cultural i

    Construction Pha
    Acquisition of The project will acquire 3.288 ha Compensation wrlt be par,l cn c,.trr-ent
    Land permanently and temporariiy market rate. Land required for ternpcrary
    34.497 ha facilities will be cornpensated based on
    lr
    rj produciion loss.
    i House I Acquisitron of .1
    house and 1 All the structures v'rill be compensateO at .l
    Kiichen repiacement cost.
    l
    Agriculture Loss of agriculture production Compensationwrttffi
    income (82.66 MT) due to land acquisition year agricr-rlture loss
    and utilization
    Cornmuniiy Loss of community forest. Plantation of income generatingqoecreq
    resources and ULL
    infrastruciure
    Temple No Ternple under the ROW
    Crop Likely damage to standing crop rn Compensation will be paid ior cuhvateO
    3.288 ha area land
    Health and Likely rmpact on workers heaiih Adequate camping, drinking water and
    arnil^+i^^
    Jqr il(qU\Jt I ciue ic-r pcor sanitary situation rn toilet facilities will be provided
    iabor camps
    Occupational Likely increase in construction Hard hat, eye glass, belts and caution sian
    health and safety relaied accidents at work site and other safety devices will
    be provided
    Law and order Likely increase in pressure to Maintain coordination with local
    maintain the law and order administration if any problem occurs
    situation lmplement awareness program
    Life style Likely changes in life style I mplement a\irlareness program
    P.eoples safety Likely accidents during line lmplement awareness program
    cnargtng process while testinq and
    comrnissioning
    Livelihood lmpact on livelihood due to
    I I mplement livelihood restoratioffiffi
    acquisition of land and house
    Gender and Likely discrimination while hirrnq Project will not discriminate UaseO on
    vulnerable group workers, compensation or other color, origin cast etc. Due priority will be
    project related benefits given in employment to vulnerable and
    poor people
    Aesthetic value Mankamana Cable Car Coordination will be made w'th park
    auihority. Information and warninc siqn will
    be placed at vrrork srie. people will be oi-e
    informed through pubiic notification.
    I

    E.SS' 315 !\iEA


    -
    I
    L32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilime - Trishuti 220 kV Tronsmission line Proiect IEE Report
    I
    Operation Phase
    Agriculture Temporary Loss =74.62 MT, lmplemeniation of livelihood restoration
    I
    production permanent loss=7.1 9 MT and agriculiure assistance program
    Devaluation of land value falls in. I Compensation has been proposed 10% of
    RoW especially in semi urban and the land value for the urban, semi urban
    I
    Farming
    hincirance
    urban areas
    Placement of tower at center of
    fretd pose drttrculty for the
    and rural areas.
    Project will acouire the rernaining !ancl also
    in such cases.
    I
    cultivation which further increase
    nroduction cost t
    Eiecil-oi i'i..igi iei.iu ii;ipaci ciue io Conrirerlsairon ior the RoVv wiii be pard

    I
    i

    long term exposure and awareness prooram will be


    implemented. Construction of house and
    plantation of trees of large size will be

    Withdrawal of Likely impact on local economy


    prohibited.
    Awareness.program is proposed
    I
    econonlie due to withdrawal of economic
    activities
    Livelihood
    activities
    lrnpact on livelihood due to Continuation of livelihood support program
    I
    Occupational
    health and safety
    acquisition of land and house
    Likelv increase in accidents Proper training to operation staff and all
    required safeiy gears will be provided
    I
    Firewood and
    fodder
    lrnpact on 4383.909 cubic rneter of Compensatory plantation will minimize this
    'standing wood volume and
    4181855 kg of biomass of forest
    impaci. I
    loss
    I
    8.3.23 Total Environmental Cost
    The total environment cost including mitigation, enhancement, relocation and CSR costs is
    estimated to be Rs. 14,5q22,661.
    I
    Table-8.23 Total environ mental cost
    Description Amount (Rs.) I
    Biological
    Socio-economic, Enhancement , CRS and relocation
    t.- ncl
    1,56,23 400
    113181261 I
    Environmental Monitoring and Management Cost 12,018,000
    (Table: 9.2) ffi
    14,56,22,661

    Total Project Cost- NRs. 3000000000 (US $-30 Millicn) I


    Total Environmental Cost '/o = 4.85o/o
    I
    8-17
    I
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chilinte 5ub-siotion Hub
    ond Chilime-Trishuli 22OkV T/L Proiect IEE Report
    CH,APTER IX
    ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORI NG
    '

    9.0 Introduction
    This section discusses and outlines the environmenial moniioring and managemeni
    programs of 132l22OkV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 220kV Transmission
    Line project. lt also assists to ensure compliance with environmental iaws end in
    ameliorating and-eliminating adverse impacts. A detailed monitoring program in the form of
    an Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) will be made prior to inrplementation.

    9.1 Requirements for Environmental Monitoring in Nepal


    The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and the EPR, 1997 specify, in general, the i'equirements
    for environmental moniioring as needed to assess the actual effects and ensure compliance
    of the implementation measures ciuring project construction and operation.

    An Environmental Monitoring Plan will be required to define the responsibilities for the
    monitoring, the parameters that will be monitored, where the monitoring will take place and
    its frequency. Effective monitoring of the whole project cycle, particularly the resettlement
    related aspects, will assist in the identification of unexpected problems/outcomes, and
    facilitate the correction of these. l\4onitoring of socio-economic impact indicators should
    wherever possible be participatory, involving local groups assessing their own situations as
    part of the process. This will assist local comrnunities raise their awareness about their
    situations and the chain of causality bringing about iheir situations of relative gain or loss.

    Social monitoring will also be incorporated in the scope of work for construction
    rnanagement, so that ihe local labor recruitment ngrms and requirements, their operating
    conditions, rights and penalties can be closely observed in order to avoid inequities and
    conflicts. Social monitoring is the most effective tf local community leadership and
    administration structures are involved in a process that is participatory, and provides
    recourse to recognized authority structures. Involving comrnunity leaders and local
    authorities often provides the means to resolve social problems identified in a direct, efficient
    and effective manner.

    9.2 Environmental fU"n"]urnent and Monitoring Unit


    The 132/220kV Chilime Sub-station Hub and Chilime-Trishuli 220kV Transmission Line
    Environmental Management and Monitoring Unit (EMMU) will be formed which will be
    responsible for implementing rnitigation measures; monitoring and conduct community
    related mitigation measures on behalf of the project (which is not specifically related to the
    activities of the construction contractors. This unit will consist of experts from Consultancy,
    Ministries, local administrators and other qualified personnel from the local markei r,,,rill also
    be responsible. The LJnit will work in close co-ordination with the Project Manager/Director
    and in addition of foreseeing mitigation monitoring and management will also take care of
    the community problems arising durring project construction.

    The co.ordination of the compliance monitoring and mitigation program ailocated under the
    contractor'will be the responsibility of the Project. As already staied, the Environmental
    Management Unit will wcrk for the rncnitoring of ccmpiiance issues cf construction
    contractors The Unit u.zill have the responsibility for approval of contractors Ehvironmental

    ESSD J-l NEA


    132/220 kV Chilime 5ub-station Hub
    r
    and Chilime-Trishuli 22OkV T/L project
    Protection Plan (EPP) and Environmental Safeiy Plans. In addition, the Unit in coordination
    of Project Manager will have ihe authority io penalize contractors for violation of
    IEE Repcrt
    I
    environmental tender clauses and non-performances. The Unit will work in close co-
    crdinaticn with VDCs, DDCs, NGOs, INGOs and ccntractors I
    9-2.1 Reporting Requirements
    The Unit will prepare and disseminate a monthly report containing information on the I
    implementation 'status of the environmental protection measures and monitoring results
    during tfre construction period. The unit will be responsible for sending the repori to the
    I rvJ(:ur rvrdrrcrgrrr, tvilril>Uy ut ciletgy (rvtutril/ iirl(] tvt Inlstry oI )clence, lgcnnology and
    I l-^.^^t ti^-^--- it:.-:-t-,. -f f
    I
    E i-rvi i-oi-rnrerii (ivi

    9-
    oSTE).

    3. tr -vi i.:n ii': g - i: ! l'd + I ; lt+ l-! I : g P i,-i i i :.


    I
    A monitoring program required for the project to evaluate the application and effectiveness of
    mitigation measures is formulated in three phases. The monitoring plan will consists of: I
    i) Baseline Monitoring
    The primary concern during this phase will be to implement field data collection I
    prograrns needed to enhance the knowledge of baseline conditions. Focus will be on
    the gathering of scientific and sociological information needed to verify and update the
    data provided by this IEE process.
    I
    ii) Compliance Monitoring
    In this monitoring, the Government of Nepal licensing entity (MoEn/DoED) oversees and
    t
    ensures the implementation of the required mitigation measures according to GoN
    guidelines and approved mitigation plan The Unit will be delegated the day-to Cay
    responsibilities in this respect.
    t
    iii) lmpact Monitoring t
    lmpact monitoring will focus on key indicators to assess whether the impacts have been
    accurately predicted, and whether the mitigation rneasures are sufficient and effective.
    The monitoring of the 22O kV T/L Project wiil inctude:
    t
    Physical Environment
    . Watershed monitoring /Land use
    t
    . Stability of the area around the tower pads
    tltut(Jgtuat E l tv trutllltenl
    I
    . Forest Clearing
    n Re-vegetation and slope stabilization
    ffi
    . Wildlife
    ffi
    ffi
    Socio-economic and Cultural Environrnent
    n
    "
    n
    Employmentmon;toring
    The economic siatus of the affected people and relocated people
    Adaptation of reseitlement households to their new homes and communities
    t
    n Public safeiy and security monitoring
    t
    ESSD 9-2
    I
    t
    132/220 kV Chilin-te Sub-stotion Hub
    ond Chilin'ie-Trishuli 22OkV T/L pro ject IEE Repcrt
    o Health and saniiaiicn mcnitoring
    . Compensation etc.

    Table 9.'1 summarizes ihe monitoring plan ancl schedule for all three tvpes l. l moniioring:
    baseline, compliance and impaci.

    Table 9.1: Monitoring Plan and Schedute


    SN Parameter Indicators Method lLocation Schedule
    Al Baseline Monitor!ng
    nysrcal Lnvtronmen
    Once during the
    Changes in land construction phase
    1 Land Use Ocservation J*o*,noareas
    use pattern and operation
    jnearDy phase each
    at tower
    Before and after
    a
    Slcpes Near tower
    l*,u0"',u observaiion rainy season prior
    paos
    lpaos Lo construction
    Biological Environment
    Discussions with user Under the Once each during
    Density of Forest
    Forest cover and group, observation, RoW and in precon struction,
    and maintenance
    management local people and the vicinity of construction and
    of RoW
    District forest Office the corridor operationai phase
    l- I Once each during
    vvilo r:!-
    r^r:rr ilie L^r-:1-1 rJbservation,
    naottai ano precon struction,
    4 Wild life
    I

    ldrscussion with iocal lnow


    ano clearance I areas construciion and
    lresidents
    lnearov operational phase
    Socio-econornic and Cultural Environment
    Increae rn
    Discussion with local Once each prior
    Settlement/ settlemenis/ Projeci
    5 people, VDCs, to construction
    infrastructure infrastuructu re, affected VDCs
    Observation and operation
    migration
    Update socio- Discussion with local
    Socio-economic/ Project Once prior tc
    o economic/ people, observation,
    cultural baseline affected areas construction
    cultural baseline review
    B lrnpact Monitoring
    Physical Environment
    lDeqreeof | | the lContinuous
    l"l^Lo" ctnno I lAround lobservation during
    Land use/stopes
    l.i"ffii; .i5*".iobservation pao
    lifi,i;;iffi"il-._
    ii._*______. |
    l.'u,
    ltower lconstruction,
    lannua'v
    during
    | _____ _lloperation
    _+___ :
    lunpteasant odor I lTemporary l..
    waste disposat land visuar iobservatio"
    l, during
    icarpsl.o".truiwu"kly
    l;*^^^+II
    rmpacl i on srtes
    Air Qualiiyltr,tater i^, i--^,^ lWeekly du;-ing
    ;ucsaryauon lrrolecl area
    ^, '^l;+,,
    9udilLy i __---19!:11{?"
    I

    FSSD 9.3 AlE A


    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub I
    and Chilime-Trishuli 22OkV T/L project
    Biolog ical Environment

    Vegetation No of trees observationof the I f


    IEE Repori
    I
    the
    Clearance
    felled, ground
    cov-6r
    area,
    lqr
    lcounting
    -;
    discussion, lUnder
    sq, utJ\,u5>lull.
    ren\A/
    lnow
    I

    lDuring consiruction
    I
    and
    Pressure on
    forest ' Forest ccver
    looservatton
    isurvey of the forest
    isurvey
    iarea before and affer
    l:::i,o.r:re
    after
    I

    ,I
    I
    i
    T/L
    iRegutar during
    and
    I
    , jAlono the iconstruction
    fconstruction,
    jdiscussions with tocat
    I
    lannuailv durino
    foperation t
    r__r-_-_-+- ipcopie,._---
    t;r___
    l\Juser
    vauon n\eeptng
    I
    I
    __--L_ i

    iRegularly basis
    I
    l^
    th lr.ro. oi witdtife lrecord on Wildlife lln tho
    '- rrir-inirrr lA,,..nn
    rr rv ^^^^+r,.^r:^-
    uvrrrtr u\'tr(rr
    | : .: """.":'
    tv I
    I
    lseen i^,-r^ ^-. --.-r:, . lvu'

    Socio-economic and cuffi


    Socio-economic
    illed operation
    I
    ompensatton
    parameters like
    economic status,
    Housing assets, living
    conditions, incorne Affected local
    Regularly for at
    east three vears
    I
    living conditions people
    c of the
    affected people
    following land
    acquisition I
    uisition of
    land, lease of
    land and Cross checking the
    Quarterly during
    construction and
    I
    Land Loss
    temporary
    isturbances in
    land
    compensation list once during
    operation
    I
    Health issues
    Types of
    Diseases and
    Continuous during
    I
    record of
    outbreak of
    ISCASCS
    construction perioO
    I
    Safety No. of casualties
    Continuous during
    construction period/
    operation phase
    I
    | 10 iEmployment
    No. of local
    people emolov by
    Records kept
    l--^,^^.
    , ^---
    Continuous during
    lconstruction period
    I
    lli---r by project
    nranagemenr
    Ililriinagemenr
    cord of women
    F€cord
    | '
    i
    land
    land
    annually during
    loperation
    ffi
    women
    Status of women employment; children I
    l- T=--
    | ,, flmpact on
    area lContinuous during
    Iti lWomen/Chitdrer
    n children education; lnspeciion f Project
    lconstruction period W

    r-l
    nn r'-'hilrt I chn.
    erglLd!4et____i |
    __
    _L_______
    |

    I
    I

    Econornic
    | .,,
    '- flndirecteconomi acirvlttes In the
    rrace and business 1r,.o1".,
    i*::,.mlH*n
    | lbenefris fevenues during I

    tl area faffected VDCslonce I

    i
    ,rl ioperarion I
    I
    ESSD 9-4
    NEA
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chitirne Sub_stctron Hub
    ond Chiline-Trishuti Z20kV T./t prniort
    C lCompliance Monitorin
    tEE Report

    | ncorporation of-lVestt to
    | Reviewicrcss During anO afteithE
    jlEE Recommen- checking of tender
    1 into
    dations
    I

    land design
    prolect design
    f i slage completion
    lproject
    t-- loocumenis
    I
    ldocuments of tender
    r - -""'",,." I
    I
    unrents
    lrncorporation of l_=--
    rnvrronmental Site office ^--.-----.---'-.---
    uunng contract
    considerations negotiaticns
    / mentioned
    2 jin the tender Yes/No
    I
    documents in
    the contractors
    I
    proposed

    t Review procesi Siie office


    mitigation
    measures in the
    detail Yes/No
    design and
    contract
    docunrents
    Allocation of
    Jadequate bucigel
    ffor the
    IA mptementation of During detail
    i- Review, inquiry and
    the environmental ite office design and contracr
    consultation
    mitigation agreement
    measures and
    monitoring works

    Clean-up and Muck disposal. I


    A round the
    instatement of drginage around f site observation, and
    - Tower area, At the end of
    the project area th; to;rlinsnection substation onstruction period
    Compensatory area
    Type of planted
    lantaiion of Corridor @
    Species, survival observation/sampling
    native species rnspection, lconstruciion and
    of seedlings
    tower area,
    and conservation loperation
    plantation
    planted
    areas
    seedlings for 5

    Land/propertv@
    acquisition Discussions with local Affected
    jnaiional tegal t
    the time of
    procedures Jiequirements
    peopte s/site
    acquisriicn
    utiluc
    Trainings ancl Number of Sunrey/observatlon Prniaat
    trainings and Periodic during
    tralnees consiruction and
    laffecied
    ls#""J pgillocs _ _pPga'1gn
    FSSD
    9-5
    A]EA
    132/220 kV Chilime Sub-stoticn Hub
    t
    ond Chilime-Trishuli 220kV project

    I
    T,/L IEE Report

    9.3.1. Agencies Responsible for Environmental Monitoring


    .9.3.1.1 Project Stakeholders for Environmental Managernent
    Key stakeholders including 1321220kV Chilime substation hub and Chilinre Trishuli 22OkV
    -
    TL project to be involved for prcject environmental management in hierarchy orders are:
    I
    " Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation (irloFSC)
    " Ministry of Energy (MoEn) t
    D6partment of Forest
    .,eonstruction Management/Supervision Consultant
    . Frujet i prupunerrUi.iepai Eieuiriciiy Auiiroriiyii{En-ESSD n
    . Environmeni ivionitoring Unit
    - Environment Management ancr Grievances R-edress unit
    - i u,;.-ii Ci;;i:-.:-iii..ri.iv- Fi;iuiii
    I
    . Contractor and
    . Local level Government and non-government organizations such as District
    Development Committee, (DDC), District Forest Office (DFO), Village
    I
    Development Committee (VDC), Comrnunity Forest User Groups, NGOs and
    Community based Organizations (CBOs). I
    9.3.1 .2 | ristitutional Arran g ement and Responsi
    9.3.1 .2.1 Central Level Arrangement
    b il ity
    I
    l) Environment and Social Studies Department
    Envircnment and Social Stuoies Departrnent (ESSD) is one of the four departments of
    Engineering Service Directorate of NEA and executes all the activities related to identifying,
    I
    conducting and coordinating environmental aspects of project developed by NEA in all
    stages such as studies, design, construction and operation. This department will be
    responsible for the overall control of social management program of the project. This
    I
    department will also be responsible for the coordination of work of the project at central level
    management of NEA and central line agencies. lt is proposed that ESSD will irnplement
    monitoring program and some of the social mitigaiion work in coordination with concerned
    I
    line agencies and local NGOs. The mitigation and social support program will be
    implemented by mobilizing local NGOs, Consulting firm Contractor and line agencies. The T
    Program Coordinator will-be responsible for overall coordination and implernentation of the
    'environmental
    and social mitigation programs. The Program Coordinator rvill be assisted by
    environmental and social expert at central and local level.
    I
    ll) Central Level Line Agencies
    li '=,.-=,,,.toi i-u-t trtu dgclrulEs buur t ds rvlrrrbr.r y ur trtergy, uepiiil.ilrenI oI E'rec{ncrty
    I
    Development have responsibility for the monitoring of project activities with regards to
    Environmental and Social Management, Mitigation and Monitoring Plan. ESSD will ffi
    coordinate with central level line agencies regarding the monitoring work

    As the ccncerned line agency Deparlmenr of Forest is responsible for the implementation of ry
    a forestaticn program as per the Procedurai Guideline for the Use cf Forest Land 2063.
    Discussion is ongoing beiween the ProjecUNEA and Department of Forest regarding the
    implementation of the compensatory forestaiion program. NEA will pay the required cost fcr-
    I
    plantation and five years management io Deparlment and the Foresi Department will
    I
    E JJt.,' 9-6 NEA
    I
    I
    132/220 kV Chilinie Sub-stction Hub
    and Chilirne-Trishuli 220kV T/L project
    IEE Report
    implement the work through their districi rever
    foi-esi urirL:es.
    afforestation program if requesied by ihe projeci
    ^+-t. -^ ^ -b5u rnay also implement the

    lll) Joint Monitoring Committee


    To ensure the proper implemeniation cf mitigation
    measures and moniioring work a joint
    monitoring team will be formed which will
    monitor the activities of ihe chilime-Tr.ishuli
    Environrnental Managemeni Unii (crEMU) and
    e ontracior on periodic basis. This
    monitoring leam will be coordinated by the
    Project. Due to coc'dination with ,ne ministries
    (MoEn and Mo'Fsc) will ce made dui'ing
    such mcnitoring r'crk. The cornmitiee will incluoe
    the representative of disir-ict level line agencies (DDC,
    DFo, Agricutture Development
    officer' District Administration officer, Eoucation and
    Hearth officer), representative of local
    club and mother group etc.

    lV) Panet of Expert


    The project proponent will hire independent Panel
    mitigation and monitoring works are implemented
    of Expert (poE) to rnake sure the
    according to plan. The poE shall include
    environmental and social experi with relevant
    experience in environment
    ' Transrnission Line projects. The exper-ts will review the work conductedmanagement of the
    and Joint Monitoring team and provide their by crEMU, LCF
    suggestions to pMo for improvement if required
    based on the ground condition.

    9.3.1 .2.2 project Level Arra n gement


    l) Project Manager Office
    The Project Manager office will be established
    undei- the oi-garri zaiionai setup of Nepal
    Electricity Authority' The Proiect Manager will
    have overall responsibility regarding the
    irnplementation of EMP including others.
    He will be also responsible for acqurring
    perrnits for forest clearance from Ministry necessary
    of Forest and soir conservation, land acquisiiion
    and compensation etc The Proiect Manager will
    incorporation of IEE recommendations in
    be responsible to make sure the
    tender docurnent and contract agreement
    allocation of necessary budget for the imprementation and
    of Repor-t.
    He will be responsible for establishment of
    compensation Determination committee (cDC),
    Local consultative Forum (LCF) and Enrrironment
    Management and Grievances Redress
    Unit' The Project Managlr will be responsible
    to make sure the allocation of necessary
    budget for the implementation of the program.
    He will be responsible for the overall
    coordination of the work and rnake final decision
    on environmental, social and public
    concern issues.

    Under the Project Manager office, a Land Acquisition


    and Rehabilitation Unit (LARU) will be
    established' The in-charge of unit will be responsible
    for the acquisition of land and house,
    asset valuation and verification, implementation
    of compensation and rehabilitatjon grant
    (house rent' transporiation and dislocation
    allowances) and coordination of the work
    District and central level agencies with regard with
    to acquisiiion of private property The officer
    in-charge of the unit will also work as member
    of secretary of the cDC and rnernDer
    oi LCF.
    The ccnstruction contractor will be responsible
    for inrplernentation cf milrgation rneasures
    specifiec in the part of contractor and ccmpliance
    with the
    be responsible fcr the innplemeniation of spoil disposar tu"Jul "rrr..r. i:n" ccntractor will
    waste management cccupaiionar

    EJSIJ
    9-7
    NEA
    132/220 kV Chitime Sub-stotion
    o nd Ch i limc-Tri
    Hub
    <ht t ti )'
    I
    rdrery, recruttment of local labor,
    quality proiection measures,
    etc.
    healih
    vq,ur and
    driu san[aiton
    sanitati rneasui-es,
    IEE Report
    air, noise and u/ater I
    t) chirime-Trishuri Environment tonitoring
    A site based Environment Monitoring Unit (cTEtu'u)
    Unit wiir be formed at the projeci srte for cfay to day
    I
    environmental monitoring of the proiect,

    ,T"-"tfiJlt#[::"ed
    implementaiion of monitoring plan
    stakehoiou" The unii wilt runction under and coor.cination
    the direci supervision of
    t
    The following manpower will
    be deptoyed
    . Environr-nenta! Expe;.tiUnitCh;afin CTEMU il
    . Environmental/Cirril Enoineci.
    . EcologisV Forest expei
    . Wiicjiife Expert I
    " Socio_economist
    .
    .
    FieldSupervisors/Monitors
    Office Supporl staff
    I
    Itt) Environment Management
    Environrnent Management and
    and Grievances Redress unit (fM
    Grievances Redress Unit will
    and GRU) I
    Project organizational setup' This be established under the
    will have three sections namely Land
    Information center (Plc) and
    office will be under direct supervision
    Acquisition and Rehabiritation
    Mitigation lmplementation section
    of pMo. This Unit
    section (LARS), project
    I
    (Mls). All three sections
    nave unique responsibility regarding
    responsible for the implementation
    pubiic disclosure work will be
    the implementation of different action.
    or land acquisition and rehabiritation
    LARS will be
    program rshereas
    I
    conducted through prc. The
    measures proposed in chapter-B
    economic environment' The MIS
    Mrs wiil imprernent mitigation
    especially the program proposed
    will coordinate the work district
    in biorogicar and socic-
    r"".ili""
    I
    District Forest office' District Development such as
    following rnanpower will be deployed'rn
    EM and GRU.
    . Unit Chief Environmental/Social Expert
    "iencies
    conrmittee, and District Land Revenue
    etc. The
    I
    . program coordinator
    . Community Liaison Officer
    . Land Acquisiti6n and Resetilement
    I
    officer
    . Office Assistant
    .
    .
    Supervisor
    Support Staff
    I
    I
    ffi

    ry

    Fqan
    I
    I
    9-B
    NEA

    I
    1-32/220 kv Chiline Sub-stoticn Hub
    ond Chilime-Trishuli 2ZAkl/ T/L prciect Itrl ?onnrt

    Figure 9.1 : Organizaiional seillp for Environmental Management and Moniiorrnq

    Jornt rnonitoring
    Commrttee
    Consultant
    Lccal consuitat-ire Project i\Ianager
    torum Conftactor

    Local psople, PAF and


    Distric t ler.eLng agencies EIr{ and GRU CT-ETru

    where,
    NEA : Nepal Electriciiy Authority
    TL . Transmission Line
    poE : Panel of Expert
    EM and GRU . Environment Management and Grievances Redress Unit
    cr-EMU : chilime-Trishuri Environment Monitoring unit
    LARS . Land Acquisition and Rehabititation Section
    PIC
    ' MIS : Mitigation lmplementation Sectron
    PAF : project Affected Family
    ESSD : Environment and Social Str-rdies Department

    9.3.2 Monitoring Cost


    The monitoring cost has been estimated as NRs. 12,018,000 for pre-construction,
    2 years
    construction and two years operation phase monitoring. This cost includes
    cost for
    rnanpower, transpotlation, joint monitoring with line agencies and concerned
    siakeholder.
    repon preparation and office operation (Table 9.2).

    9-9 NEA
    T
    J.32/220 kV Chilime sub-station Hub
    and Chilime-Trishttli 22OkV TiL proiect

    Table 9.2: Environmental Monitoring Cost


    IEE Report

    I
    A. Easeline/Pre-construction
    I Man-month I Rate/ F,rlonth
    {NRs.)
    Amount
    (NRs.) I
    Manpower
    Teatn Leader /Environmental 40,0c0 80,ooo
    I
    Expert
    Ecologist/Forest
    vvtldltte expert
    E xpert 30,000
    30,000
    i
    -_l I
    |

    Socio-economist
    crrh +a+^l
    JUV-(VrAl
    T III FTI(:KHI F tlrrlsFq
    30,000
    |/ u,uuu I
    I
    'III
    .-\
    z- I| Transportation LS | 150,000
    T
    2.2 Field survey( Enumerators, LS 50,000
    supervisors etc)
    23
    2.4
    Dailv allowances
    Data Analysis
    Persons -24 2,000 i
    ' LS i
    48,000
    50,000
    I
    LS
    2.5
    l.o
    Report Production
    Miscellaneous
    sub-total
    i s0,000
    10,000 I
    | 358,000

    a
    Total of A
    Construction Phase {Comnlianc
    mp & lmpact
    lmpa for 2 vears
    ye
    528,000
    I
    Manpower
    I
    1 I
    I

    t. i Environmental Experi/ Unit Chief 24 60,000 1,440,000


    1.2 Civil / Environmental Eno 2.5 60,000 1 50,000

    I
    42 Ecolog isVForest Expert 2.5 60,000 1 50,000

    1.4 Public Relation Officer 2 50,000 1 20,000

    t.c Socio-economist 60,000 180,000


    1.6
    17
    E nvironmental monitor-2
    Support Staff-2 _
    4B
    48
    30,000
    20,000
    1,440,000
    960.000
    I
    sub-total 4,440,O0O
    z
    z.l
    Out of Pocket Expenses
    Transportation LS 2040,000
    I
    2.2 Daily allowances ta
    2.3 Report Production
    dr.u iinarvsls elc Lao tesl wilt oe
    LS
    ZUUUUU
    350 000
    100.000
    UUU,UUU
    I
    Twice in a year
    W
    2.5 I Unit Office Establish cost 2 years 200000 | 400000
    2.6 | Miscellaneous I 50,000
    i .l j sub-totat 3,740,000 w
    Joint Monitoring Com mittee I
    I

    3l
    I
    +
    Daily atlowances for S peopte 5*5"4 (for two ;
    1,500. i 1,500,ccc
    I
    quarterly 5days input in each Year)
    I

    I
    I
    quarter monih for each member
    irli
    I
    I

    ESSD 9-i0 iIEA


    I
    t
    J.l2/220 ktr Cltilime Sub_stctticn Hub
    onci Chilime*Trishuli 22OkV T/t prnieri
    3.2 j Transporiation
    and oiher LJ
    IEE Report
    vvv,vVUnn^
    Ann
    expenses
    sub-total
    i Panel of Experis 2,1 00,000
    ..-_
    ,4.t lHernuneration
    ,__ 5 50,000
    t ,* t I I ranspcrtation and cther. 250,000
    tl LD
    25C,000
    ; eXpenSeS
    sub-total
    Total of B 500,000
    r. Operation and Maintenance 10,390,000
    1 j Manpower lE.u(rwoym fmpact)
    l
    eam Leader Environrnental
    I
    60 000
    i I Expert 120 000

    I t.z I vtvn / Efivrronmenial Engineer


    I

    13--
    r.+
    ---_-_^_.__ i bocto_economist t.3 60,000 90 000
    I
    I surJ-t()tal
    '1--
    t-
    i C)l rt nf PnnL^+ E.,L 360,000
    l* PC
    |
    I z.
    ^4 l Transportation
    2,'2 l-)ailrr rli LS i 50,000
    t\o oI rersons_SO 2,0a0 100,000
    1.J I

    ;; rvt tsueiliJI teous


    LJ 50 Onn
    LS s0,000
    -l
    !

    -=--- 350,000
    Total of C i
    -=----;---------_- 710,000
    brand total (A+B+c) i

    | 12.A18.000
    | z,u-l6,uuu |

    9-3.3 Surnmary of Cost Benefit Assessment


    The total environmental cost (mitigation,
    enhancement, CSR. and monitoring
    proposed project is estimated to costs) of the
    be NRs 14,08,22,661.

    The surnm ary of environmentar cost benefit anarysis is snown in Table-9.3.


    has obrigation to carry olt the mitigation, The proponent
    enhancement and monitoring activities
    oroject. of the

    T*able-9.3: Environmental cost benefit


    analysis
    iSN Description of cost
    Amount {Rs.)
    oi -c-qsilq 11,sq64,-66r
    /l Cost for enhancement nreasures
    81,90,000
    Cost for cther so
    49 50,c00
    cost

    1,2C,18,000
    14.08,22,661
    -l-;=;-;-= .;;:-------i
    I UDU JU rntllion
    r-;;;;;-
    I rJ1 ",/o
    t,
    I

    i _ ilotl
    :

    project cost l
    I

    I 11 ---
    NEA
    1"32/220 kV Chilime Sub-stotion Hub
    I
    ond Chilime-Trishuli 22AkV T,/L Project
    CHAPTER-X
    CONCLUSION
    IEE Report
    I
    The environmental issues/impacts identified during the IEE study can be mitigated and I
    manageable. The finding of IEE shows that the adverse impacts on physical, biological,
    socio economic and culiural environment due to ihe implementatio.n of the proposed project
    low/medium, localand short term.
    I
    The total land requirement will be approximately 84.556 ha for angle towers, substation,
    xoVV ano mobiie camp. uut of lhat, tne pro1ect requrres J/./u5 na ct agncutture tand,
    t
    44.9U'2 ha of forest and others land and 1 .87 ha of Sanlen and Chilime hydropower's land.

    i,...,:^_,_-,
    rrrrvrv ^_::_;_
    ur
    _-_.-_
    9rrurru
    i__.._
    rrqvu
    :-__.-
    vuur, rrrquu uJ rrru tgqttr tv ttltllt quvElcg
    I
    ||Jrvjuur Hlqrlrrlllv

    impacts on the
    environment. Mitigation measures has been proposed for all
    identified/predicted adverse impacts and enhancement measures are developed for I
    maximize the project benefits. However, those impacts/issues now not
    predicted/docurnented in this IEE repod but might appear later; will be also undertaken by
    Environrnental Management Unit during the construction phase.
    I
    The proponent NEA will have obligation to carry out the mitigation, enhancernent and
    monitoring activities of the project. The environmental impact mitigation measures will be
    I
    incorporated in detail design of the substation and so on, contract documents.
    T
    The total environmental cost (mitigation, enhancement, CSR, and monitoring costs) of the
    proposed project is estimated to be NRs 14,56,22,661 which is 4.85% of the total project
    cosi. Based on experience of similar kind of other project and prevailing market rates, the I
    cost has been estimated and supposed to be sufficient.

    In overall, this IEE study concludes that the proposed Transmission Line Project shall not
    I
    have significant impacts on physical, biological and socio-economic & culturai environment
    of the project area, hence the proposed project is environmentally and socially feasible. The
    IEE study is adequate -and no further study is supposed to be required regarding
    I
    bnvironmental assessment of the proposed project.
    I
    I
    W

    I
    I
    ESSD 1Q-| NEA
    I
    I
    Bibliography
    ' BPP: 1995' Rec/ Data Book of the Fauna of Nepal.
    Biodiversity Fi-ofile project, project
    Technical Publication irjo. 4, Department cf National parks
    anc wildlife conversation.
    " CITIES' '1985' convention on lnternational Trade in Encangerec
    Species of wild Fauna
    and Flora (ClTlES): A Conservation Tool. CITIES Fifth
    Meeiing, Buenos Ares
    (Argentina) , 22 April3 May, 1 985. IUCN, Washington,
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    n CBS , 2011.Statistical year Book of Nepal
    " CBS' 2011' Population of Nepal: Caste/Ethnicity, Mother
    tongue and Religion (CDR)
    n CBS, A handbook of Environmental Statistics 2006.
    " DFO' 2065' Forest Resources conservation and Development
    lntroduction. District Forest Office, Nuwakot.
    in Nuwakct: A Brief
    " Forest conservation and Development: An overview.
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    ' DDCo' 2068' District Level Monrtoring and Evaluation


    Report District Development
    committee office, rnformation and colrection center,
    Rasuwa
    " DDCO ' 2069' Rasuwa Development overview
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    Information Collection Center, Nuwakot.
    ' DDCo 2069' Rasuwa in Maps. District Development commitiee
    Resources Development Center, Rasuwa, Dhunche.
    office, Hurnan
    " DoHM, 2002' climatologically Records of Nepal. Departrnent
    fuletrology, Government of Nepal.
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    " Hara' H' and L'HJ' williams (eds.) 1979. An enumeration
    of the flowering plants of
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    ' Hara' H'A'o' chater and L.H.J. williams (eds.). 1g82.
    An enumeration of the flowering
    plants of Nepar. Vor. 3. Bi'itish Museum (Naturar
    History), London
    ' Hara' H'w'T' stearn and L.H.J- williams (eds.) 1978.
    An enumeration of the flowering
    plants of Nepar. VoL 1. British Museum (Naturar
    History), London.
    ' GoN' 1970' Medicinal Plants of Nepal. Bulletin of the
    Department of Medicrnal plants No
    3' His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forests and soil conservation,
    Kathmandu.
    o GoN' 1984' Medicinal Plants of Nepal (supplement Volume).
    Bulletin of the Deparlrnent
    of ivedicinal Plants No 10. Government of Nepal Ministry
    Conservation, Kathmandu
    of Foresst and soil
    ' IUCN' 1995' EIA Guidelines for Forestry secfor. National planning
    commission (Npc),
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    Union (rucN), Kathmanou
    ' IUCN' 1978 The lucN Ptant Red Data Book lucN, Merges.
    switzertand. se. of
    Threatened Plants committee clo the Herbarium
    Royal Botanical Garden, Kew
    Richmond Surrey TW 93 AB Engtand.
    u Martrn G.J. Ethnobotany; A Method Manuar. chapr-nan
    and Halr, UK
    NFA, 2012.Detail Route Allignment of ChilimeTrishuli 220 kV Transmission Line Project.
    Project Development Depariment, NEA
    NFA, 2014. A Year in Review, Nepal Electricity Authority, Fiscal year 2071/72, Durbar
    Marg, (athmandu
    a NRA, 2002. National Research Associates
    a NPC, 1993. Naiional Environrnental lmpact Assessment Guideline IUCN and NPC
    f,lhhrl-r:---tn'r'rh
    t\ii r- t!artttttit t rt\tlla'l FttllllP n2lrlltlzllalrl

    Pclunin, O S,"in,o". I'g:g.a f:b; af the !"!inalai.a.Oxforri Univci'sii'y- Press


    ="C
    .^..
    a Shrestha, K., 1998. Dictionary of Nepalese Plant Names. Mandela Book Point,
    Kathmancl':. Nena!.
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    a
    Stainton, J.D.A., 1972. Foresfs of Nepa/. John Murray, London.
    Shrestha N. 1997. Protected Wildlife Species of Nepal, An Introductory Handbook,
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    t
    a Shrestha T.K 1997. Mammals of Nepal, A.K Printers Teku Kathmandu
    a Zobel, DB, P.K. Jha, M.J. Behan and U.K.R. Yadav. 1987. A Practicat Manual for T
    Ec.ology. Ratna Book Distributors, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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