3.1 Grid Interconnection Documents 3.4-3.8-DFIG-xxHz 3MW IEC EN r03 PDF

GE Renewable Energy
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Technical Documentation
Wind Turbine Generator Systems
3 MW Platform - 50/60Hz
Grid Interconnection
Applicable for Wind Turbine Generators from 3.4 MW to 3.8 MW
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GE Renewable Energy
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2 Technology ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
3 Turbine Transformer ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Frequency Tolerance .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
5 Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
6 Protection ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7 Minimum Grid Strength ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
8 Reactive Power Capability ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
9 WindFREE Reactive Power ................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
10 Wind Inertia ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
11 Plant Level Control and Voltage Regulation ......................................................................................................................................... 9
12 Harmonic Distortion........................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
12.1 IEEE 60 Hz Harmonic Distortions........................................................................................................................................................... 9
12.2 IEC 50Hz Harmonics Distortion ........................................................................................................................................................... 10
13 System Modeling .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
13.1 Wind Turbine Short Circuit Modeling ............................................................................................................................................... 10
13.2 Wind Turbine Dynamic Modeling ....................................................................................................................................................... 10
13.3 Wind Turbine Transient Modeling ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
13.4 Wind Dynamic Model Validation ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
13.5 Wind Turbine Transient Model Validation ..................................................................................................................................... 11
14 Power Demand .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
Appendix I – General Data (reference only) ....................................................................................................................................................... 12
Appendix II – Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.4 ...................................................................................................................... 13
Appendix III - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.6 ..................................................................................................................... 14
Appendix IV - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.8 ..................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix VI – WindRIDE-THRU ................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
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GE Renewable Energy
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1 Introduction
This document is intended to describe the electrical specifications of the 3 MW Platform wind turbines and
highlight common topics related to grid interconnection and applicable for:
 3.4-130
 3.6-137
 3.8-130
2 Technology
The 3 MW Platform wind turbine is variable speed and employs a doubly fed induction generator with a partial
power converter interfacing to the grid.
Unless stated otherwise, all the data shown is based on the secondary connection of the Wind Turbine
Generator System (WTGS) transformer (6000 V and 690 V connections).
3 Turbine Transformer
Each wind turbine should be connected through a three-winding step-up transformer to the MV wind farm
collection system.
If the turbine transformer is not supplied by GE it should comply with the general specifications as follows:
 4779 kVA transformer:

o MV: 6 kV impedance: 8.5 % + /- 10 %, on 4779 kVA base
o MV: 690 V impedance: 14.6 %, on 4779 kVA base
o 6 kV: 690 V impedance: 4-6 %, on 4779 kVA base
For additional details on transformer not supplied by GE, refer to the GE padmount specification.
Permanent changes to the steady state voltage at the LV terminals due to changes of the MV level in the grid
or collector system may result in a reduction of the active and reactive power range or even in a turbine trip. If
such a permanent change is desired, a turbine transformer tap changer can be used, which usually offer
+/- 2 x 2.5 % voltage change. If greater change in voltage is required a different transformer should be
selected. Additionally, changes to steady state voltages can be addressed utilizing the substation transformer
where applicable.
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GE Renewable Energy
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4 Frequency Tolerance
The 3 MW Platform wind turbine is capable of operating within the following frequencies and for the
corresponding time durations:
50Hz Frequency Range (Hz) 60Hz Frequency Range (Hz) Time Duration(s)
47.0 – 53.0 57.0 - 63.0 Continuous
45.0 – 47.0 55.0 – 57.0 60

53.0 – 55.0 63.0 – 65.0 60
Table 1: Frequency Tolerance
5 Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru

3 MW Platform wind turbines are equipped with a Low Voltage Ride-Thru (LVRT) feature which enables the
wind turbine to continue to operate during (“ride-through”) and after transmission system faults. These faults
cause voltage variations within the wind farm, resulting in severe voltage dip at the wind farm.
Where requested the Seller is also able to extend this fault ride through capability with the zero-voltage ride-
thru (ZVRT) optional feature described below.
The voltages in Table 2 are referenced to the turbine transformer high side voltage (e.g.: 30 kV)
Time (s)
Dynamic Voltage Range (%)
LVRT ZVRT
130 – 180 Capacitor switching transients1
120 - 130 0.1
117.5 - 120 0.2
115 – 117.5 0.5
110 – 115 1
90 - 110 Continuous
85 - 90 600
75 - 85 10
70 - 75 3
20 – 70 1.0 – 3.02
0.5 – 3.03 4
0 – 20
Table 2: Voltage tolerance & fault ride-thru
1 A specific waveform based on field experience has been used to represent transients while evaluating capability against capacitor switch
transients ride through capability
2 Linear behavior between 20% with up to 1s and 70 % with up to 3 s
3 The converter will stop pulsing after 200 ms. No control of reactive power during initial voltage recovery.
4 Linear behavior between 0% with up to 500 ms and 70 % with up to 3 s
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GE Renewable Energy
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6 Protection
The GE wind turbine has the following built-in protection functions:
 Over Voltage/Under Voltage

 Over Frequency/Under Frequency
 Voltage Imbalance
Additionally, the medium voltage breaker located on the controller level at the bottom of the tower provides
overcurrent protection (51) and includes configurable instantaneous, short-time and long-time settings.
These functions are designed to offer a level of protection to the wind turbine hardware from disturbances
caused by the electrical system.
The Seller strongly recommends protecting the MV system against transient and temporary overvoltage, which
are caused by:
 Impulse transient voltages ( due to lightning effects)

 Temporary overvoltages (withstand capability see table 2)
 Switching transient
The customer is resposible for overvoltage mitigation actions on the MV system. Grounding transformers,
automatic grounding switches on the feeder breakers or special surge arrester configurations will be required
to prevent MV overvoltages when the feeder breakers are opened and the MV system loses its ground
reference at the substation.
7 Minimum Grid Strength

The 3MW Platform wind turbine is designed to operate with a composite short circuit ratio (CSCR) above 2.5 (on
a MW base) at the medium voltage side of the turbine transformer. Composite SCR is defined as the ratio of the
Composite short circuit MVA to the sum of the nameplate MW of all electrically close wind turbine generators
within and outside the wind farm of interest. The Composite short circuit MVA is calculated for a 3 phase short
circuit applied to the medium voltage side of all the turbine transformers that are electrically close within and
outside the wind farm of interest, interconnected with zero impedance between each other. The composite
short circuit MVA calculation should reflect the maximum grid impedance under which the wind farm is
expected to continue normal operation. The composite short circuit MVA should not include the short circuit
contribution from the wind turbine generators themselves. The denominator in the calculation of CSCR is the
sum of the nameplate MW and must include all wind turbine generators in the proposed wind farm as well as
other nearby wind farms that are electrically close. Detailed methodology for calculation of CSCR available
upon reques. For complex networks with multiple wind farms in the vicinity of each other the information
required to calculate CSCR accurately may be available only to the grid operator.
Note that the CSCR capability of 2.5 is determined based on a broad set of operating points, network
parameters and grid contingencies. However, the turbines can operate at CSCR values that are much lower
depending on evaluation of actual condition associated with the wind farm. The evaluation of operation at low
GE Renewable Energy
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CSCR values is typically based on transient simulations of the network considering a range of operating points,
network parameters and grid contingencies, which differ from project to project. If a grid operator has a
concern on the short circuit ratio, GE can provide a black box PSCAD model of the wind farm that can be used
for transient simulations of the network for the purpose of determining expected performance. If a grid
operator decides to perform such a study, it is essential that GE be involved to highlight how changes within
the product capability can achieve the desired performance. Alternatively, If the grid operator can define the
requirements for such a study and is willing to provide GE with the details of the network, then GE Energy
Consulting can be contracted to perform the study.
Arc flash requirements necessitate a minimum short circuit MVA of 33 at the turbine medium voltage (MV)
terminals.
8 Reactive Power Capability

The 3 MW Platform wind turbine has a standard reactive power capability corresponding to a power factor of
0.95 lagging (overexcited) to 0.95 leading (under excited).
An option for expanded reactive power capability 0.90 leading to 0.90 lagging under derated conditions is
available upon request. An option for expanded reactive power capability 0.87 leading to 0.87 lagging under
derated conditions is available upon request for 50 Hz only. This wider reactive power capability could help
meet a 0.95 power factor requirement at the point of interconnection if required. Please refer to Appendix II; III
and IV for the reactive power capability of the 3.4 MW, 3.6 MW and 3.8 MW machines. Note that the reactive
power capability may be affected in Noise reduced operation (NRO) modes.
9 WindFREE Reactive Power

As an optional feature available upon request, the 3 MW Platform wind turbine can supply or consume reactive
power (±350 kVAR) even when there is no active power generation (i.e. wind below cut-in speed). This feature is
called WindFREE Reactive Power and is achieved by utilizing capabilities of the line-side converter.
10 Wind Inertia
With the optional “WindINERTIA” feature, the 3 MW Platform wind turbine generator can provide inertial
response to help stabilize grid frequency. This feature supports the grid during under frequency events by
providing a temporary increase in power production (6-7 %) increase in kW) for a short duration (10 sec),
contributing towards frequency recovery. This is achieved by tapping into the stored kinetic energy in the rotor
mass. The response is equivalent to that of a synchronous generator with an inertia constant of 3.5 sec.
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11 Plant Level Control and Voltage Regulation

GE’s WindCONTROL is a voltage / power factor/ VAR controller that exploits the reactive power capability of the
individual wind turbine to meet a voltage / power factor/ VAR set point at the point of interconnection. It
easures the voltage and current at the point of interconnection (POI) and controls the wind farm’s reactive
power to regulate the voltage or power factor at POI. Through a graphical user interface (GUI), the user selects
the mode of operation and enters the corresponding voltage / power factor /var set point.
WindCONTROL is available with the following optional grid friendly features (see WindCONTROL overview for
more info):
 Dynamic VAR Control (Voltage and PF control)

 Line Drop Compensation
 Voltage Droop
 Power Curtailment
 Capacitor/Reactor Bank Control
 Ramp Rate Control
 Frequency Droop Control
12 Harmonic Distortion
Harmonic distortion data for respective 50 Hz and 60 Hz machines are presented relevant to IEEE and IEC
requirements.
12.1 IEEE 60 Hz Harmonic Distortions

The 3 MW Platform wind turbine current harmonic distortion is within limits specified below in IEEE Std. 519-
1992, “IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems.”
Limits are summarized in Table .
• PCC is the point of common coupling

• TDD is the total demand distortion (THD normalized by the current In)
• In is the maximum fundamental frequency current at PCC
• Even Harmonics shall be limited to 25 % of the odd harmonics limits.
Voltage @ Current
h < 11 11 ≤ h < 17 17 ≤ h < 23 23 ≤ h < 35 h ≥ 35
PCC TDD%
V ≤ 69 kV 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0
Table 3: IEEE Current Distortion Limits
GE Renewable Energy
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12.2 IEC 50Hz Harmonics Distortion

The 3 MW Platform wind turbine is speed variable as a result of the IGBT converter. The rotor blades are
controlled individually. With this technology, it is possible to minimize the periodic torque fluctuation caused by
the tower wake effect. As a result, no relevant power or voltage fluctuations arise. A measurement report is
available upon request.
Switching procedures: the 3 MW Platform wind turbine does not have any significant in-rush kmax = Imax/InG = 1
(parameter as per IEC 61400-21).
13 System Modeling
13.1 Wind Turbine Short Circuit Modeling
The 3 MW Platform wind turbine generator is a doubly-fed asynchronous generator with the stator directly
connected to the grid while the rotor is interfaced through a frequency converter to the grid. For most faults
that occur on the grid, the turbine will act as a controlled current source- contributing up to 3 per unit fault
current for up to 5 cycles, after which it returns to normal current contribution (i.e. 1 per unit). For faults on the
grid, the contribution from the turbines is minimal compared to that from the grid.
One exception is for “close in” faults (e.g.: inside the wind farm, at the wind farm substation etc.) where,
depending on the severity, the converter may “crowbar” (i.e. disconnect itself to protect the power electronics
within). In this case the turbine rotor is short circuited like that of a squirrel cage induction generator. The
behavior can be approximated to X’ = 0.2, contributing a max of 5 per unit fault current.
13.2 Wind Turbine Dynamic Modeling

A dynamic model of the GE wind turbine is under way in GE’s dynamic simulation program known as Power
System Load Flow (PSLF – GE Energy Consulting), Power System Simulation for Engineering (PSS/E) and
PowerFactory (PF – DigSilent). It will be available in 4Q 2016. Any user with a valid license and current
maintenance and support (M&S) agreement of the respective software can obtain the latest GE Wind turbine
model in that software from GE. The model comes with documentation and default data. The dynamic model is
based on GE’s documents “Modeling of GE Wind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”.
13.3 Wind Turbine Transient Modeling

GE Energy Consulting maintains a transient model of the GE wind turbine and can be contracted to perform
detailed studies.
13.4 Wind Dynamic Model Validation

The dynamic model of the GE wind turbine implemented in PSLF, has been validated by comparing the
response to simulations performed in WindTRAP (transient program). Simulations show closely matching
results with a small offset in the wind turbine’s reactive power and reactive current. High-frequency transients
in WindTRAP are not expected to be present in PSLF simulations. Details of PSLF validation are in the document
“Modeling of GE Tind Turbine-Generators for Grid Studies”.
GE Renewable Energy
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13.5 Wind Turbine Transient Model Validation

The transient model of the GE wind turbine has been validated against factory tests for three-phase and
line-to- ground faults at the generator terminals. Results show that simulations closely matched recorded
data.
14 Power Demand
The Power demand of the wind turbine generator system during calm wind periods can include of the yaw
rotor, control system, lighting and hydraulic pump and amount to a maximum 50 kW if all loads are operating
at the same time.
The annual energy demand at a site with rated average wind speed is 5000 to 12000 kWhr/annum per turbine
unit.
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Appendix I – General Data (reference only)
3.4 3.6 3.8 Unit
Parameter 50 60 50 60 50 60 Hz
Rated Power 3430 3630 3830 kW
Rated Voltage
690/6000 V
(Rotor/Stator)
Apparent Power
3610 3821 4031 kVA
(@ PF = 0.95 lag)
Power Factor – Standard ± 0.955
Rated Speed 1741 1393 1720 1393 1741 1393 rpm
Max Frequency Drift 4 Hz/sec
Rated Short Time

Withstand Current on the 20 kA
MV side (1 sec)6
Rated Lightning Impulse

IEC 61400-24 level I kA
Withstand Current
Max Voltage Imbalance 4 %
Table 4: General data
5Enhanced power factor of 0.9 is available as an option - 0.87 as an option for the 50 Hz variant.
620 kA at -30 °C internal ambient temperature while the WTGS is connected to the grid. MVSG will be disconnected from grid
automatically during cold soak for ambient temperatures below -30 °C.
GE Renewable Energy
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Appendix II – Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.4

The reactive power capability of the 3.4-130/137 turbine is represented here. These curves assume an ambient
temperature of 40°C or less, altitude of 1000 m or less, and terminal voltages between 0.95pu and 1.05pu. If
ambient temperature is greater than 40°C, or if the voltage is outside of the 0.95-1.05pu range, or if the altitude
is above 1000 m, then de-rating may be necessary to meet the demanded reactive power output.
When the plant level controller is in the voltage control or in the VAR control mode, and derating is required
due to the conditions listed above, the turbines will operate with a Q priority i.e they will sacrifice active power
if necessary to meet the reactive power demand up to the listed capability.
When the turbines are operating in the power factor control mode, their capability is shown by the dotted lines.
Figure 1: Reactive Power Capability 3.4 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage
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Appendix III - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.6

The reactive power capability of the 3.6-137 turbine is represented here. These curves assume an ambient
Figure 2: "Reactive Power Capability 3.6 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage
GE Renewable Energy
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Appendix IV - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.8

The reactive power capability of the 3.8-130 turbine is represented here. These curves assume an ambient
Figure 3: Reactive Power Capability 3.8 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage
GE Renewable Energy
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Appendix VI – WindRIDE-THRU
Figure 4: WindRIDE-THRU
NOTE
This plot represents the standard settings for LVRT and ZVRT which meet most grid codes.
This does not represent the complete capability of these features.

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 4779 kVA transformer:

45.0 – 47.0 55.0 – 57.0 60

Table 1: Frequency Tolerance

5 Voltage Tolerance & Fault Ride-Thru

120 - 130 0.1

117.5 - 120 0.2

115 – 117.5 0.5

Table 2: Voltage tolerance & fault ride-thru

 Over Voltage/Under Voltage

 Impulse transient voltages ( due to lightning effects)

7 Minimum Grid Strength

8 Reactive Power Capability

9 WindFREE Reactive Power

11 Plant Level Control and Voltage Regulation

 Dynamic VAR Control (Voltage and PF control)

12.1 IEEE 60 Hz Harmonic Distortions

• PCC is the point of common coupling

12.2 IEC 50Hz Harmonics Distortion

13.2 Wind Turbine Dynamic Modeling

13.3 Wind Turbine Transient Modeling

13.4 Wind Dynamic Model Validation

13.5 Wind Turbine Transient Model Validation

Appendix I – General Data (reference only)

3.4 3.6 3.8 Unit

Rated Power 3430 3630 3830 kW

Power Factor – Standard ± 0.955

Rated Speed 1741 1393 1720 1393 1741 1393 rpm

Max Frequency Drift 4 Hz/sec

Rated Short Time

Rated Lightning Impulse

Max Voltage Imbalance 4 %

Table 4: General data

Appendix II – Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.4

Figure 1: Reactive Power Capability 3.4 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage

Appendix III - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.6

Figure 2: "Reactive Power Capability 3.6 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage

Appendix IV - Active/Reactive Power Capability Curves 3.8

Figure 3: Reactive Power Capability 3.8 - 0.95 pu voltage to 1.05 pu voltage

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