Heart Beat Sensor.

Biomedical Engineering Project.

2nd Year, 2nd Course.

Lecturer(s):
Dr. Ismail.

Created by:
Sarmad Hameed Younis.
Ayhan AbdulAziz Ismail.
Zilan Jassem Yassin.
Introduction:
The Heartbeat Sensor is used to measure the functions of the heart like
heart rate (speed of the heart) body temperature & blood pressure.
Today, Heartbeat Sensors are not only used in medical-related devices
but also in some of the expensive smartphones to detect the heart
beating rate.

Components:
1. LM358 .

LM358 operational amplifier has

in total 8 pins. However, you need
to know functions of every pins
before it can work better for you.
and the pin configurations of LM358 are list as following:
Pin 1, OUTPUT1, Output of Op-Amp 1
Pin 2, INPUT1-, Inverting Input of Op-Amp 1
Pin 3, INPUT1+, Non-Inverting Input of Op-Amp 1
Pin 4, VEE, GND, Ground or Negative Supply Voltage
Pin 5, INPUT2+, Non-Inverting Input of Op-Amp 2
Pin 6, INPUT2-, Inverting Input of Op-Amp 2
Pin 7, OUTPUT2, Output of Op-Amp 2
Pin 8, VCC, Positive Supply Voltage

2. Infrared LED pair transmitter & receiver.

3. LED for indication of output.
4. 100nf ceramic capacitor.
5. 4.7uf electrolytic capacitor.
6. 330-ohm resistor 2x.
 7. 10k ohm resistor.
8. 680k ohm resistor.
9. 6.8k ohm resistor.
10. 47k ohm resistor.
11. 9v battery with clip.

Multi Sim Circuit:

Discussion:
First we need to connect the proximity sensor with transmitter in
forward bias and receiver in reverse biased, After that fed the signal of
from the receiver to High Pass Filter, Than amplify this signal by feeding
the signal into Non Inverting Amplifier, Output of the amplifier will be
pulses proportional to heart beat, If we want to fed the signal into
controller, than we will require an additional buffer amplifier.

Now, discussing some theory of this circuit. Logic behind this is that
when our heart beats, the blood circulates in our body. Due to this,
their is minute volume change of blood on our index finger. Hence
when we place our finger on the proximity sensor, that sensor senses
that volume change and gives signal accordingly, But this signal is very
weak to even drive an LED. Hence we connect an Amplifier to amplify
this signal. On the output of the amplifier,we will get the pulses which
will be proportional to the Heart Beat. Our Heart Beats will be indicated
by the LED connected at the output, Further if we want to fed this
signal into the micro-controller, we need to attach an additional buffer
to this circuit. In the micro-controller we can code that controller so
that we get exact value of our Heart Beat.
So this is all about making your own Heart Beat Sensor.
Procedure:

We placed each and every component on the “ Printed Circuit Board

or PCB ” And then we carefully and slowly soldered the back side of the
“ PCB “ with the components But the whole procedure wasn’t simple
since it was our first time we made a lot of mistakes, For examples the
misplacements of components, Soldering “We burned our hands and 6
LED’S ”, And when soldering we kept adding too much by accident
leading to multiple components getting tangled with eachother, After
setting everything up we had to place a finger on the “IR Diodes” they
are used as sensor’s they read our heart beat and light up the “LED” On
the other side of the “PCB”.

Objective:
We chose to this particular project because we were all
interested in an electrical circuit project that was designed
around the function of the human heart, We wanted to do
another heart beat sensor project but due to this being our first
time and not having a lot of “ Hands on ” Knowledge outside of
University Laboratories we couldn’t do that particular one.
Reference:

http://techiesms.blogspot.com/2015/12
/heartbeat-sensor.html

https://circuits-diy.com/how-to-make-a-
simple-heartbeat-sensor-circuit/

https://www.elecparts101.com/lm358-
low-power-dual-operational-amplifier-
datasheet-and-pinout/