LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

2 nd Semester 2019-2020

THE LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL

1. Birth
 Born on June 19, 1861 in Calamba, Laguna
 Baptized Jose Protacio Rizal on June 22, 1861 by Fr. Rufino Collantes

2. Ancestry

 Jose Rizal was a product of mixed ancestry.

 His father was a great grandson of Domingo Lamco
 Lakandula, the last king of Tondo was his maternal ancestor
 Eugenio Ursua, Jose Rizal’s maternal great-great grandfather
3. Rizal’s Family Tree and Ancestry
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

4. Jose Rizal’s Childhood Unhappy Instances

 Seeing the Guardia Civil Lieutenant caning and injuring some unarmed
and unaggressive villagers.
 When his mother was sent to jail for the malicious charge that she and
her brother Jose Alberto tried to poison the latter’s wife.
5. Early Influences
 He familiarized the alphabet at the age of 3
 At the age of 8, he wrote “Sa Aking mga Kabata”
 Ang kwento ng Gamu-gamo
 Jose Rizal embraced education that gives him enlightenment.
6. Formal Education
 Studied Latin, Spanish
 Took entrance exam in Letran/ Ateneo
 Studies at UST
Education in Europe
 Decided to study first in Barcelona, but it’s expensive.
 Transferred to Madrid in Central University.
7. Rizal the Student Activist
 Miguel De Morayta – Rizal’s favorite teacher.
 Nicanor Reyes- founder of FEU.
Paris to Berlin
 Rizal enhance his skills in medicine.
8. Six months’ Sojourn in the Philippines
 Plans to go back in the Philippines to rind out for himself how the Noli
was affecting his compatriots & Spaniards.
 To operate on his mother’s eyes.
 A special committee was created by the religious authorities to review the
Noli Me Tangere.
 Rizal received threats
- Governor Emilio Ferrero provided him a personal body guard.
- He got involved also in the Calamba Agrarian Affair
- Jose T. de Andrade- Rizal’s bodyguard

9. As an Active Propagandist
 While annotating Succesos de las Islas Filipinas. He wrote the sequel to
the Noli offered financial- Valenteen.
 September 18, 1891- published El Filibusterismo
10. Rizal’s Exile to Dapitan
 June 26, 1892
- Arrived in the Philippines despite the advice of his family
 July 6, 1892
- Summoned to Malacañang Palace.
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

Jose Rizal was charged of the following:

 Bringing w/him from HK probes frailes.
 Dedicating the El Filibusterismo in memory of GomBurZa.
 Advocating separatist ideas
 Undermining Spanish authorities.
 Uprooting from loyal Filipinos their Faith
July 14, 1892
- Jose Rizal was escorted for exile to Dapitan.
Jose Rizal in Dapitan
 As a Farmer
- Purchased 16 hectares of agricultural land
- Built a house, school and medical clinic.
- Helped by his pupils in planting various crops/ plants
- Introduced modern farm methods used in Europe
- Imported several agricultural equipment from the U.S
 As a Business Man
- Engaged in copra and abaca trading together w/ Ramon Carreon.
- Also engaged in Fishing Business
- Requested the assistance of Manuel Hidalgo
- Most Profitable Business > Abaca Trading
- Established Farmer’s Cooperative Association (FCA)
 To curb Chinese control of business in locality.
 As an Engineer
 Provided the town with a water system
- Directed a mountain stream kl away to supply water the town.
 Planned new street layouts
- w/c provided lighting system

 made a relief map of Mindanao in the main plaza of Dapitan

 Drained marshes.
 As a Scientist and Inventor
o Built a collection of shells
o Discovered rare specimens
o Explored Dapitan and sent Ateneo Museum and Dresden Various
Specimen
 As a Pharmacologist
o Researched the medical values of plants
o Studied the tuber “Nami”
 As a Botanist
o Established a herbarium
o Invented a brick-making machine
o Introduced a hemp-stripping machine
 Species named after Rizal
 Draco Rizali – Flying Lizard
 Rachophorous Rizali – Frog
 Apogonia Rizali- Beetle
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

 As a Doctor
o Practiced Ophthalmology
- Performed second operation on his mother’s eye.
o Payment for his Service
- Rich - proportionate to their capacity to pay
- Poor – free medical services
o His fame as eye doctor spread far even from distant Hong Kong
- George Taufer came for treatment accompanied by Josephine Bracken
o Built small lodging houses
- “Casitas de Salud”
 As a Teacher
 Built a School
- Taught academic and vocational training
- Integrated learning toward home and community development
- Charged NO tuition fee.
 Academic Training
- Taught 3R’S – reading, ‘riting and rithmetic
- Geometry, Geography, History, Languages
- Physical components of his curriculum
 Boxing, swimming, wrestling and arnis
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

11. Rizal and the Katipunan

 June 21, 1896
- Dr. Pio Valenzuela visited Jose Rizal in Dapitan
 Jose Rizal disapproved the plan of the Katipunan to rescue him from exile
- He promised not to escape from Dapitan.
- He has a pending application to be a volunteer doctor for Spanish troops
fighting in the Cuban Revolution.
12. The End of His Exile
July 30, 1896
- Governor General Ramon Blanco approved his petition to go to Cuba.
July 31 – to Manila
September 3- off to Barcelona
September 30- Nearing Malta
October 6 – arrived in Barcelona then off to Manila
November 3- arrived in Manila

13. Trial and Execution of Jose Rizal

 Charges against Jose Rizal
 Founding illegal association
 Promoting and inducing rebellion.
 Luis Taviel de Andrade
- Defended Jose Rizal in the Military Court
 Captain Francisco de Olive
- Gathered evidences of guilt against Jose Rizal
 Colonel Rafael Dominguez
- Conducted the preliminary investigation
 Jose Rizal was subjected to continuous interrogation for two days
WITHOUT THE PRESENCE OF HIS COUNSEL.
- Participation in various political activities
- Membership in Masonic lodges
- Appointment as honorary President of the Katipunan
- Pio Valenzuela’s meeting with him at Dapitan
- Implicating of arrested Katipuneros implicating him.
 Paciano (brother of Jose Rizal)
- Tortured almost to dead
- Brought home in stretcher, paralyzed and speechless
 Rafael Dominguez
- Despite inconclusive evidences, recommended speedy trial
 Judge Advocate General Nicolas dela Peña
- Approved a trial by a military court.
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

Trial Proper
Lieutenant Enrique de Alcocer
- Opened with the description of the bloody revolutions in the Philippines
and Cuba.
- Showed that Rizal’s writings were designed to incite anti-friar, anti-
Spanish and separatist sentiments
- Exposed Rizal as the “soul of the rebellion, a dedicated agitator of the
native masses.”
- Directed the supreme council of the Katipunan
- Ask for the death penalty be imposed on Rizal.
Luis Taviel de Andrade
- Incidences and circumstances against Rizal
 Occurred several years before the revolution broke out.
- Cited some technicalities of the Law.

 Rizal’s guilt had not been proven by reliable witness, nor

by expert testimony or documentary or official evidences.
- On the charges of founding illegal association
 The constitution of the Liga did not specify any illegal objective
 The Liga was
short-lived. Jose Rizal
 “I had nothing to do whatsoever with political affairs from
July 6, 1892- June 1, 1896.”
 Valenzuela’s meeting in dapitan
 Argued:
- If he had known, the date and time of Revolution he would
have avoided arrest.
 Disapproved the prosecutor’s allegation that he was the
leader of the revolutionists.
- “What kind of chief is he whose followers say ‘yes’ and he
says ‘no’.?” – J.Rizal
 December 28,1896
- Gov. General Camilo Polavieja
 Signed and affirm the death warrant
 December 29, 1896
- Rizal was notified of the decision of the court.
- Verdict – death by musketry (firing squad)
- At first, he refused to sign the death warrant
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL
2 nd Semester 2019-2020

14. The Last Day (Before the Execution)

 Received a letter of execution: members of the family, priests, a
newspaper man and his defense counsel
 Jose Rizal wrote a letter to his brother Paciano.
 His mother arrived at 4 o’clock pm.
 One by one his family members came
 Narcisa- received a reclining wicker chair and pen from J.Rizal
 Angelica- received a handkerchief from J.Rizal.
 Mauricio- received a watch and belt from J.Rizal.
 Trinidad- received an alcohol burner from J.Rizal.
 Wrote a letter to his family
- Asking for forgiveness
- Giving thanks to God
- Asking them to love one another specially their parent
- How he will be buried and what to put on his tomd
- Take care of Josephine Bracken
(Josephine live with the family of Jose Rizal after his death but
after a year went back to Hong Kong)
15. The Execution
December 30, 1896
- Rizal was dressed in black and his arms were loosely
bound, elbow to elbow.
- Flanked by the
following:
Luis Taviel de
Andrade Fr.
Villaclara
Fr. Estanilao March
Firing Squad
- Composed of 8 Filipino Soldiers with another line of
Spanish soldiers. He was given crucifix to kiss.
- The military physician, Dr. Felipe Ruiz y Castillo felt his pulse
and found it normal.
Requested two things:
- Facing the firing squad (it was not given)
- Sparing his head from the bullets
After the signal of the captain, 3 bullets simultaneously pierced his body.
In the background could be heard the shouts “Viva España” means
“Death to traitors”.