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“The most necessary task of civilization is to teach people how to think. It should be the primary
purpose of our public schools . . . The trouble with our way of educating is that it does not give
elasticity to the mind. It casts the brain into a mold. It insists that the child must accept. It does not
encourage original thought or reasoning, and it lays more stress on memory than observation.”
Thomas A. Edison
The Mathematics Vision Project (MVP) was created as a resource to teachers who desire to implement the
Common Core State Standards (CCSS) using a task-based approach that leads to skill and efficiency in
mathematics by first developing understanding. The MVP approach is neither purely constructivist nor purely
traditional. Rather, the approach takes seriously the Standards of Mathematical Practice and develops these
practices through experiential learning in mathematics. Students engage in mathematical problem solving, guided
by skilled teachers, with the desired outcome that students will achieve mathematics proficiency as defined in
Adding It Up—conceptual understanding, procedural fluency, strategic competence, adaptive reasoning, and
productive disposition. (Adding It Up, p. 5) The authors have taken on the challenge made by the National
Research Council to create a curriculum where students do not learn solely by either “internalizing what a teacher
or book says or, on the other hand, solely by inventing mathematics on their own” (Adding It Up, p. 11) In this way,
all the strands are developed in a balanced way and students achieve proficiency.
The Mathematics Vision Project is committed to helping educators implement the Common Core State
Standards (CCSS) as part of a continuum of mathematics instruction addressing conceptual, procedural,
and representational thinking; depth of knowledge; and assessment. The CCSS provide a coherent trajectory
of mathematical content that students should be learning as they progress from kindergarten to 12th grade. This
trajectory was developed from “research-based learning progressions detailing what is known today about how
students’ mathematical knowledge, skill, and understanding develop over time.” (CCSS, p.4) The Standards are not
just a checklist of sequential content that should be taught beginning in grade school and brought to a close in high
school. In order to bring the vision of the Standards to life, instructional practice must change. The MVP method
embraces a different way for teachers to organize instruction to deepen student learning of mathematics.
The MVP classroom experience begins by confronting students with an engaging problem and then allows them
to grapple with solving it. As students’ ideas emerge, take form, and are shared, the teacher orchestrates the
student discussions and explorations towards a focused mathematical goal. As conjectures are made and explored,
teachers use formative assessment to guide students as they embrace effective strategies for analyzing and solving
problems. Students justify their own thinking while clarifying, describing, comparing, and questioning the thinking
of others leading to refined thinking and mathematical fluency.
What begin as ideas become concepts which lead to formal, traditional mathematical definitions and properties.
Strategies become algorithms that lead to procedures supporting efficiency and consistency. Representations
become tools of communication which are formalized as mathematical models. This is how students learn
mathematics. They learn by doing mathematics. They learn by verbalizing the way they see the mathematical ideas
connect and by listening to how their peers perceived the problem. This process describes the Continuum of
Mathematical Understanding and it informs how teaching should be conducted within the classroom.
Each module in the MVP educational program has been carefully designed and sequenced with rich mathematical
tasks that have been formulated to generate and develop the mathematical concepts within the core. Careful
attention has been placed upon the way mathematical knowledge emerges. Some tasks are developmental tasks
while others are for solidifying or practicing the concepts. The tasks also encourage students to notice
relationships and make connections between the concepts. In this way, students perceive mathematics as a
coherent whole.
Pg. 2
While the classroom experience begins by improving students’ reasoning and sense-making skills, it does not
conclude until mathematical understanding becomes procedural skill as evidenced through application. Hence, the
Ready, Set, Go! homework assignments are focused on students practicing procedural skills and organizing
principles to add structure to the ideas developed during the classroom experience. As in any discipline, practice is
the refining element that brings fluency and agility to the skills of the participant. Together the classroom
experience and the Ready, Set, Go! homework assignments present a balanced combination of procedure and
understanding for the student practitioner.
The Mathematics Vision Project has produced the first high school textbook to outline the steps a practicing
teacher can take to faithfully implement the Integrated Pathway Secondary Mathematics 1 core standards. The
modules have been carefully crafted and sequenced to allow the specific mathematical ideas identified in the core
to surface and then flourish into rich mathematical knowledge and skill for all students. The textbook for
Integrated Pathway Secondary Mathematics 1 assumes that students enrolled in the course have been properly
prepared. The Getting Ready module may be used in the classroom to review content that should have been
mastered in previous course work but is also necessary for success with the new material. The Ready, Set, Go!
homework assignments have been designed to continue to spiral a review of content. Combined, the classroom
experience and the Ready, Set, Go! homework assignments offer a powerful blend of new learning and maintained
proficiency.
For more information about the Learning Cycle follow the link:
http://edutech.csun.edu/trd/sites/edutech.csun.edu.rtcweb/files/CMI%20Article.doc
Teaching Cycle
Launch…
Introduce the lesson
Access background knowledge and critical thinking
Clarify the understanding of what is needed to access the lesson
Short, not the ‘meat’ of the lesson
Explore…
Anticipate student responses prior to the lesson
Monitor and question to move student thinking forward
Capture the different strategies of student work using the who-what-when (page P9) templates to prepare
for whole group discussion
Use effective grouping strategies such as partners, small groups, etc
Select who will share out during the discuss phase
Discuss…
Pace the lesson and know when to pull whole group back together with enough time for the discussion
Select students to explain their strategy using mathematical reasoning
Sequence students based on the goals of the lesson and the mathematical connections to be made
Connect the strategies of different students to build mathematical understanding of the concept being
learned as well as between tasks within the Learning Cycle
Discuss Launch
The
Teaching
Cycle
Explore
Pg. 4
Learning Cycle
Develop Understanding…
Surface student thinking
Beginning to notice patterns and structure
Inventing strategies based on the context
Creating representations to make their thinking visible
Engaging in problem solving, reasoning and sense-making, stating conjectures, seeing structure
Emerging ideas and recognizing misconceptions
Solidify Understanding…
Examine and extend student thinking
Examining and describing patterns, structure and regularities that occur across contexts
Applying and extending strategies across contexts
Using representations to justify their thinking
Engaging in justification and proof, making and critiquing arguments, attending to precision
Practice Understanding…
Acquire fluency and refine student thinking
Summarizing patterns, structure and regularities that occur across context as definitions and
properties
Working towards efficiency, flexibility, accuracy with procedural work
Applying and extending strategies to new contexts
Using representations as models of thinking
Engaging in modeling and application, becoming a part of mathematical communities of practice
Pg. 5
Good mathematicians…
1. Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them
Analyze givens, constraints, relationships, and goals
Plan a solution pathway rather than simply jumping into a solution attempt
Monitor and evaluate their progress and change course if necessary
2. Reason abstractly and quantitatively
Use numbers and variables to describe situations
Able to decontextualize and re-contextualize
3. Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
Justify conclusions
Communicate conclusions to others
Respond to the arguments of others
Ask useful questions to clarify or improve the arguments
4. Model with mathematics
Use a function to represent the problem
Interpret mathematical results and reflect on whether the results make sense
5. Use appropriate tools strategically
Use a variety of mathematical tools at appropriate times
6. Attend to precision
Calculate accurately and efficiently
Communicate precisely
Give carefully formulated explanations
7. Look for and make use of structure
Recognize and understand the pattern or structure in a problem
8. Look for and express regularity in repeated reasoning
Notice if calculations are repeated and look for both general methods and for shortcuts
Maintain oversight of the process, while attending to the details
Evaluate the reasonableness of intermediate results
Abridged SMPs
The above 8 Standards for Mathematical Practice can be viewed in full at:
http://www.corestandards.org/Math/Practice/
Pg. 6
Each of these five practices is described in more detail in the book: “5 Practices for Orchestrating Productive
Mathematics Discussions,” Margaret S. Smith and Mary Kay Stein
It all begins with a cognitively demanding mathematical task – problems that promote conceptual understanding
and the development of thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving skills.
The role of the teacher is changing from “dispenser of knowledge” and arbiter of mathematical “correctness” to an
engineer of learning environments in which students actively grapple with mathematical problems and construct
their own understandings.
During the “launch phase,” the teacher introduces the students to the problem, the tools that are available for
working on it, and the nature of the products they will be expected to produce.
This is followed by the “explore phase” in which students work on the problem, often discussing it in pairs or small
groups. As students work on the problems, they are encouraged to solve the problem in whatever way makes sense
to them and to be prepared to explain their approach to others in the class.
The lesson then concludes with a whole-class discussion and summary of various student-generated approaches to
solving the problem. During this “discuss and summarize” phase, a variety of approaches to the problem are
displayed for the whole class to view and discuss.
But it is the obligation of the teacher to CONNECT the mathematics of the lesson so that the students leave
class with the Big Ideas of the intended mathematical lesson. This is NOT fuzzy math.
Note: the document on the page 20 can be used by the teacher as an aid in applying the five practices.
Pg. 7
Semester/Term 1
Day # Section # Lesson Title Lesson Topic
Writing inequalities to fit a context, reasoning about
1 1.1H Greater Than?
inequalities and the properties of inequalities,
Explaining each step in the process of solving an
2 1.2H Cafeteria Actions and Reactions
equation
3 1.3H Cafeteria Consumption and Cost Organizing data into rectangular arrays or matrices
Absolutely Sure & Matrix Solving absolute value equations and inequalities &
6 1.6H
Madness Review Practicing the arithmetic of matrices
7 Module 1H Test
An introduction to representing constraints with
Pet Sitters &
8 2.1H systems of inequalities & Writing and graphing
Pampering and Feeding Time
inequalities in two variables to represent constraints
Solving systems of linear equations in two variables &
Get to the Point &
9 2.2H An introduction to solving systems of linear equations
Shopping for Cats and Dogs
by elimination
Using systems of linear equations and inequalities in a
Pet Sitters Revisited & modeling context & Working with systems of linear
10 2.3H
Taken Out of Context equations, including inconsistent and dependent
systems
An introduction to solving systems of linear equations
11 2.4H To Market with Matrices
using matrices
12 2.5H Solving Systems with Matrices Solving systems of linear equations using matrices
14 Module 2H Test
Pg. 13
Day # Section # Lesson Title Lesson Topic
Representing arithmetic sequences with equations,
Growing Dots & tables, graphs, and story context & Representing
15 3.1H
Growing, Growing Dots geometric sequences with equations, tables, graphs,
and story context
Arithmetic sequences: Constant difference between
Scott’s Workout &
16 3.2H consecutive terms and Geometric Sequences:
Don’t Break the Chain
Constant ratio between consecutive terms
Arithmetic Sequences: Increasing and decreasing at a
Something to Chew On &
17 3.3H constant rate & Comparing rates of growth in
Chew On This
arithmetic and geometric sequences
Investigating Arithmetic Series Recursive and explicit equations for arithmetic and
& geometric sequences and developing a formula for the
18 3.4H
What Comes Next? What Comes sum of arithmetic sequences
Later?
What Does It Mean? & Using rate of change to find missing terms in an
Geometric Meanies & arithmetic sequence and Using a constant ratio to find
19 3.5H
Growing, Growing, Gone missing terms in a geometric sequence & Comparing
linear and exponential models of population
I Know . . . What Do You Know? Developing fluency with geometric and arithmetic
20 3.6H & Module 3H Review: Carousel sequences
Activity
21 Module 3H Test
Connecting the Dots: Piggies and Introducing continuous linear and exponential
22 4.1H Pools & functions & Defining linear and exponential functions
Sorting Out the Change based upon the pattern of change
Elvira’s Cookies Distinguishing between linear and exponential
functions using various representations and
23 4.2H
Comparing linear and exponential models of
population
I Can See – Can’t You? Using secant lines to find the average rate of change
24 4.3H
The Tortoise and the Hare & Interpreting equations that model linear and
25 4.4H Making My Point exponential functions
Efficiency Experts Evaluating the use of various forms of linear and
26 4.5H exponential equations
X Marks the Spot & Solving exponential and linear equations &
27 4.6H Up a Little, Down a Little Understanding and interpreting formulas for
exponential growth and decay
28 Module 4H Test
Pg. 14
Day # Section # Lesson Title Lesson Topic
Using a story context to graph and describe key
Getting Ready for a Pool Party &
29 5.1H features of functions & Using tables and graphs to
Floating Down the River
interpret key features of functions
30 5.2H Features of Functions Features of functions using various representations
The Water Park & Interpreting functions using notation & Combining
31 5.3H
Pooling it Together functions and analyzing contexts using functions
5.4H Using graphs to solve problems given in function
32 Interpreting Functions
Quiz notation
To Function or Not to Function & Defining Function and Identifying whether or not a
33 5.5H
A Water Function relation is a function given various representations
Matching features and representations of a specific
34 5.6H Match that Function
function
35 Module 5H Test
Developing the definitions of the rigid‐motion
Leaping Lizards! & transformations: translations, reflections and
36 6.1H
Is It Right? rotations & Examining the slope of perpendicular
lines
Determining which rigid‐motion transformations
carry one image onto another congruent image &
Leap Frog &
37 6.2H Writing and applying formal definitions of the rigid‐
Leap Year
motion transformations: translations, reflections and
rotations
Finding rotational symmetry and lines of symmetry in
Symmetries of Quadrilaterals & special types of quadrilaterals & Examining
38 6.3H
Symmetries of Regular Polygons characteristics of regular polygons that emerge from
rotational symmetry and lines of symmetry
6.4H Quadrilaterals‐Beyond Making and justifying properties of quadrilaterals
39
Quiz Definition using symmetry transformations
Establishing the ASA, SAS and SSS criteria for
40 6.5H Congruent Triangles
congruent triangles
Congruent Triangles to the Using ASA, SAS, or SSS to determine if two triangles
41 6.6H
Rescue embedded in another geometric figure are congruent.
Pg. 15
Semester/Term 2
Day # Section # Lesson Title Lesson Topic
6.7H
Exploring compass and straightedge constructions to
1 Comp. Under Construction
construct rhombuses and squares
needed
Exploring compass and straightedge constructions to
2 6.8H Construction Basics construct parallelograms, equilateral triangles and
inscribed hexagons
Construction Blueprints &
Writing procedures for compass and straightedge
3 6.9H Module 6 Review: Carousel
constructions
Activity
4 Module 6H Test
Prove slope criteria for parallel and perpendicular
5 7.1H Slippery Slopes & Prove It! lines & Use coordinates to algebraically prove
geometric theorems
Write the equation by comparing
Training Day Part I & Training
6 7.2H parallel lines and finding k & Determine the
Day Part II
transformation from one function to another
Translating linear and exponential functions using
7 7.3H Shifting Functions
multiple representations
7.4H Defining and operating with vectors as quantities with
8 The Arithmetic of Vectors
Quiz magnitude and direction
Examining properties of matrix addition and
9 7.5H More Arithmetic of Matrices multiplication, including identity and inverse
properties
Finding the determinant of a matrix and relating it to
10 7.6H The Determinant of a Matrix
the area of a parallelogram
Solving Systems with Matrices, Solving a system of linear equations using the
11 7.7H
Revisited multiplicative inverse matrix
Using matrix multiplication to reflect and rotate
12 7.8H Transformations with Matrices
vectors and images
Solving problems involving quantities that can be
13 7.9H Plane Geometry
represented by vectors
14 Module 7H Test
Use context to describe data distribution and compare
Texting By the Numbers &
15 8.1H statistical representations & Describe data
Data Distributions
distributions and compare two or more data sets
22 Module 8H Test
Solidification of quadratic functions begins as
quadratic patterns are examined in multiple
Something to Talk About &
23 9.1H representations and contrasted with linear
Rabbit Run
relationships & Focus specifically on the nature of
change between values in a quadratic being linear
Focus on maximum/minimum point as well as
24 9.2H Scott’s Macho March
domain and range for quadratics
Examining quadratic functions on various sized
25 9.3H Look Out Below
intervals to determine average rates of change
Comparing quadratic and exponential functions to
clarify and distinguish between type of growth in each
26 9.4H Tortoise and Hare
as well as how that growth appears in each of their
representations
Incorporating quadratics with the understandings of
27 9.5H How Does it Grow
linear and exponential functions
28 Module 9H Test
Transformers: More Than Meets Working with vertex form of a quadratic, connecting
29 10.1H
the y’s the components to transformations
Building the Perfect Square Part Visual and algebraic approaches to completing the
30 10.2H
1 square
Building the Perfect Square Part Visual and algebraic approaches to completing the
31 10.3H
2 square
Connecting the factored and expanded or standard
32 10.4H Factor Fixin’
forms of a quadratic
33 10.5H Lining Up Quadratics Focus on the vertex and intercepts for quadratics
Building fluency in rewriting and connecting different
34 10.6H I’ve Got a Fill-in
forms of a quadratic
35 Module 10H Test
Examining values of continuous exponential functions
36 11.1H Experimenting with Exponents
between integers
Connecting radicals and rules of exponents to create
37 11.2H Half Interested
meaning for rational exponents
Verifying that properties of exponents hold true for
38 11.3H More Interesting
rational exponents
Becoming fluent converting between exponential and
39 11.4H Radical Ideas
radical forms of expressions
40 Module 11H Quiz
Pg. 17
Vocabulary Pages
Each module begins with a brief description of what will be covered in the module, including a list of key
vocabulary. Most definitions and concepts are within the teacher notes and/or on the student pages. It is left to the
individual teacher as to how these will be addressed. The teacher may use one of the provided pages (pages 20-21)
for students to keep track of the key vocabulary as well as key concepts. Teachers may also use composition
notebooks as a place to keep key information.
Resource Pages
The resource pages provided in the teacher’s materials are to be printed and given to each student for use on the
task, unless otherwise noted as optional.
Absent Students
It is suggested that you give the task to absent students and invite them to go through it with you or one of their
peers in the class. The material revisits the topics through the Develop Understanding, Solidify Understanding, and
Practice Understanding tasks, therefore, absent students will likely see the content they missed later on in the
module. The Ready, Set, Go! homework assignments are designed to spiral concepts throughout the course and
should be completed by absent students at the teacher’s discretion.
Pg. 18
Team Roles
Effective classrooms will likely be noisy but not loud. Study teams will “hum” when someone in each team takes on
each of the roles below. Ideally, students will move in and out of various roles during the modules. Your job as a
teacher is to circulate among the study teams. The teacher’s role as facilitator is active and demanding. You will
need to make dozens of decisions about how to intervene (or not to do so!) each class period. There is ample
opportunity to use direct instruction, but you will do so when it is appropriate and in a prescribed manner, based
on the observed needs of your students rather than the assumed needs that underlie the traditional lecture that
presumes the teacher knows what everyone needs to hear. Below are some suggested team roles:
Facilitator: Timer:
Ensures ALL group members collaborate Keeps track of time and makes sure that the group is
staying on task.
Gathers resources & measures quality of work Person that reads the problem to the group, and
ensures all group members have read and
understand the problem.
Launch
Connect/Summarize
Example Example
Definition Properties
Example Example
Pg. 21
Topic
Topic
Topic
Topic
Topic