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Works Cited

"About Jesse Owens." Jesseowens.com, 2019, www.jesseowens.com/about/. Accessed 5 Oct.

2019. This source is about how Jesse Owens won four gold medals, set high school

records for 6 feet in high jump and leaping 22 feet 11 3/4 inches in the running broad

jump, won all major track events. He symbolized the human struggle against tyranny,

poverty, and caused racial bigotry. This shows that Jesse was on the road to changing

sports for African Americans. This source is useful because it explains how Owens got to

where he got and how he was an inspiration in high school, and later through life.

Bell, Danna. "An Olympian Effort: The Story of Jesse Owens in Library of Congress Primary

Sources." Blogs.loc.gov, 27 July 2012, blogs.loc.gov/teachers/2012/07/an-olympian-

effort-the-story-of-jesse-owens-in-library-of-congress-primary-sources/. Accessed 23

Oct. 2019. This source is about how Adolf Hitler wanted to prove that Germany was the

best athletic country and he didn't want Jews and African Americans to participate. Since

Owens has such an impressive athletic history, he was able to force Germany to allow

athletes that were Jews and Black. Walter White, who is the director of the NAACP

didn't like that Owens was still participating in the Olympics since there was prejudice

against black people competing. This source will be helpful because it is about Owens

standing against prejudice and beating everybody at the Olympics.

Bennett, Lerone, Jr. "Jesse Owens' Olympic triumph over time and Hitlerism." Ebony, Apr. 1996,

p. 68+. Gale OneFile: High School Edition,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A18158117/STOM?u=elli85889&sid=STOM&xid=17082

7bb. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This source is helpful to my topic because it discusses the

plans of Adolf Hitler during the Olympics for Aryan Supermacy. He was convinced to
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turn the Olympics into an athletic vote for the Third Reich. Hitler wanted nothing to do

with Jews, Blacks, or any other races also called the "lesser breeds" beside the

Germans/Aryans. Once Owens hit the track, that turned Hitlers ideas inside out. He

couldn't go through with his plan because Germans were not proved to be the superior

olympic race and the Jew nor Blacks could no longer be excluded.

"Berlin 1936: Jesse Owens, the African American Who Contradicted Hitler's Theories." Youtube,

14 Oct. 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOgy4ZTgx5w. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. This

youtube video is about how Jesse Owens made Germany and Hitler rethink who would

be considered the best team. Jesse Owens beat the other teams so bad, that he won four

gold medals.

"Berlin 1936 Olympics: Political and Diplomatic Documents." Paperless Archives, 1936,

www.paperlessarchives.com/berlin_olympics.html. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This

document is important to my topic because it is about what was taken place before the

Olympics happened. Berlin, Germany was given the opportunity to host due to the

recovery after World War 1. Hitler was given rule shortly after and he already didn't like

that the Olympics were international. Once he came into control he wanted to stop the

internationalism and make it be only about the Germans. He was a very racist

dictatorship that didn't like any other race accept for his own.

Evans, Rhonda. "Jesse Owens & Athletes Who Protest (or Don't)." Nypl.org, 12 Sept. 2017,

www.nypl.org/blog/2017/09/12/jesse-owens-protest. Accessed 5 Oct. 2019. This source

is about how the Aryan superiority was broken in the presence of Adolf Hitler. Thanks to

Jesse Owens and other African Americans in athletics, his accomplishments are well

known and celebrated to this day. Owens winning these medals was a symbol of racial
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equality which helped future African Americans have an even better opportunity in sports

. This source is useful because it explains how good of a track star Owens was to run in

front of Hitler and win four gold medals.

History.com Editors. "Jesse Owens Wins 4th Gold Medal." History, A&E Television Networks,

21 July 2010, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/owens-wins-4th-gold-medal.

Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This source is important to my topic because it discusses where

the Olympics were going once Hitler came into power. Hitler immediately turned

Germans democracy into a dictatorship and only was a supporter of certain things. Hitler

only believed in Aryan superiority and whoever wasn't Aryanian such as Jews, half Jews,

or Gypsys, were not allowed to participate in any athletic program in Germany, which

included the Olympics.

"Jesse Owens." Gale In Context Online Collection, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: High School,

https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/KZWFMV057227799/SUIC?u=elli85889&sid=SUIC&xid

=caccd5dc. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This source is helpful for my research because it

discusses all parts of his life in detail. It talks about him proving Hitler wrong, winning

four gold medals, his high school life and his life after the Olympics. His life after the

Olympics I was particularly interested in. After his many wins at the Olympics, his fame

was short lived and in an effort to stay relevant, he wound up bankrupt from trying to

have a dry cleaning business. In the end, he ultimately ended up dying from lung cancer

because he was a heavy smoker. His life was celebrated with a memorial outside of

Berlin's Olympic Stadium and a small street nearby named after him, and later a movie

was made called Race which was about his Olympic life in Berlin.
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"Jesse Owens." Library of Congress, 1936, www.loc.gov/item/2004672056/. This image is

helpful to my topic because it shows Jesse Owens in his state of beginning a race. It is

very symbolic in the sense that this was the way all African Americans would look when

running and making history as Jesse Owens did. This photo shows all of the sacrifice in

his stance and how he knew he was going to win and make history as the first African

American to win four gold olympic medals in front of Hitler.

"Jesse Owens." Pbs.org, www.pbs.org/black-culture/shows/list/jesse-owens/. Accessed 5 Oct.

2019. This source is about how the Nazi's were infuriated when Owens won all of these

titles and made the Germans look bad. Owens captivated the world with his triumph.

Aryans means the honorable people. Hitler was trying to prove to Germany that the

Germans were the superior athletic country, but Owens proved him and Germany wrong

when he won and made a new prescience to Germany and Hitler. This source is useful

because it explains how Hitler was so dependent on Germany to win in track in field, but

instead thy did not and Owens proceeds to make history.

"Jesse Owens." U-s-history.com, www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3746.html. This source is about

how aside from being recognized for winning four olympic gold medals, he also set

and/or tied Olympic records. Owens is known as the man who upset Hitler for beating

Germany in track and field. Owens had many other achievements that led up to his

success at the Olympics. Owens even had a bigger achievement at the Big Ten

Conference in Michigan. He tied world records and broke world records. This source is

useful because it's about how Owens' had a past that led to his future as a successful track

and field hero.

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"Jesse Owens Beating George Case in 100-Yard Dash at Cleveland Stadium." Library of

Congress, 1946, www.loc.gov/item/96502463/. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. This image is

important because it is showing Owens beating someone in a race. Owens beating

someone in a race is significant beacuse it leads to Owens winning four gold medals.

"Jesse Owens Breaking the Record in Running Broadjump. Berlin Olympics, 1936." Library of

Congress , 1936, www.loc.gov/item/2006683403/. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This image is

helpful to my topic because it shows Owens breaking the record in the Broadjump which

is even more of a confirmation that Hitler was quick to assume that the Ayrans were the

superior race because Owens quickly and easily beat all o his competition and breaking

and making world records in process. Jesse Owens continually shows through his images

and articles that even though he was looked down because of his race and caused Hitler

to look bad infront of Germany, he rose above and became one of the most well known

names in history.

"Jesse Owens Competing in the Broad Jump at the Olympics, 1936." Ohio State University,

1936, kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/53239. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. This image is showing

Jesse Owens competing in the Broad Jump event. This image is important because it

shows Owens excelling at this event, as well as the other events that he competed in.

"JESSE OWENS: Olympian." Denver Public Library, teens.denverlibrary.org/guide/jesse-

owens. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. This source is important because it provides a picture of

Jesse Owens doing one of his events.

"Jesse Owens Poses with His Four Gold Medals, 1972." Ohio State University, 1972,

kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/58007. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020. This image shows Jesse Owens

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with his four medals. This is important because 36 years later, he is showing well he did

in the 1936 Olympics.

"Jesse Owens Wins 100m Gold as Hitler Watches at 1936 Olympics | Sporting History."

Youtube, 6 Oct. 2011, www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRkeahelZHM. Accessed 10 Feb.

2020. This source is about Jesse Owens winning infront of Adolf Hitler. This is important

because history was made that day.

"Jesse Owens with Fellow Olympian and a NBC Television Reporter, Berlin Olympics, 1936."

Ohio State University, 1936, kb.osu.edu/handle/1811/53243. Accessed 11 Feb. 2020.

This image is showing Jesse Owens talking to an NBC reporter. This is important

because it shows that he has been doing such a good job in the Olympics and important

people want to talk to him.

"[Jesse Owens with Lutz Long and Naoto Tajiia(?) Salute during Awards Ceremony for the

Broadjumping Event at the 1936 Olympics in Germany]." Library of Congress, 1936,

www.loc.gov/item/96502461/. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019. This image is helpful with my

topic because it shows Jesse Owens receiving his gold medal(s) and showing the world

that African Americans can compete alongside "superior races" and come out being the

superior race. Jesse Owens proved to Hitler that the Aryans are not the "superior race"

and Hitler had to see Jesse Owens be the best as he beat the Germans.

"[Jesse Owens with Ralph Metcalfe at Track and Field Tryouts at Randall's Island Stadium in

New York]." Library of Congress, 1936, www.loc.gov/item/96502440/. Accessed 19

Nov. 2019. This image is helpful with my topic because this image shows Jesse Owens at

his Tryouts which determine if he would get into the Olympics and even be able to prove
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that Ayrans weren't superior. This is a very important picture because of that reason and

how it made history many years later that all people look back on and appreciate.

"[Jesse Owens with Substantial Lead in Hundred-Yard Dash in Dyche Stadium in Evanston,

Ill.]." Library of Congress, 1935, www.loc.gov/item/96502473/. Accessed 19 Nov. 2019.

This image is important for my topic because it shows Jesse Owens ahead of all of the

competition during the Hundred Yard Dash. In this picture, it shows that Owens was very

far ahead of the other competitors which proves in itself that the Germans didn't stand a

chance against Owens. We know that from his background that he was heavily involved

in this type of athletics and that it was clear that Owens wasn't going to lose.

Loc.gov. www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/primarysourcesets/naacp/pdf/owens.pdf.

Accessed 23 Oct. 2019. This source is about Walter White giving his opinion to Owens

about him being in the Olympics. Walter doesn't like that Owens still wanted to compete

in the Olympics because Germany didn't even want to let Jews and African Americans

compete. the Germans were forced to because since Jesse met all of the requirements to

be able to compete, he automatically had to be allowed to compete despite any prejudice

against him. Although Walter wasn't happy he participated, he was still happy for him

and hoped he would win. This source is useful because it is about another person who

knew Jesse and how he felt about him entering the Olympics.

Netisha. "Jesse Owens, American Hero." Rediscovering-black-history.blogs.archives.gov, 16

Feb. 2016, rediscovering-black-history.blogs.archives.gov/2016/02/16/jesse-owens-

american-hero/. Accessed 23 Oct. 2019. This source is about his background information

and how Jesse Owens became a hero and inspiration to America. Owens had a very

impressive track and field record in high school and those accomplishments are what
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qualified him for the Olympics in 1936. Before he made it to the Olympics Owens was a

Blackman and was in the times of segregation. He was still not allowed to do most things

and was separate from the rest of his track peers. This source is important because it

gives background so I can get a deeper understanding of what we went through before he

became successful.

Olympics. www.olympic.org/videos/jesse-owens-s-inspiring-history. Accessed 5 Oct. 2019. This

source is about how Hitler planned to tell the world that their people were the dominant

race, but Owens proves him and the rest of Germany wrong once he won. Owens sealed

his place in olympic history and became the first African American to win four gold

medals all at the same time. This record stood for 48 years. This was in the 1936

Olympics. This source is helpful because it's about how Hitler's plans failed and Owens

rose to the top as an Olympic winner, legend, inspiration, etc. with four gold medals.

"The Olympics." Eidu.edu, 21 Aug. 2012, www.eiu.edu/eiutps/newsletter_olympics.php.

Accessed 23 Oct. 2019. This source is about Jesse Owens at the Olympics. Hitler was

prepared to show Germany that the Germans were the best athletes and he set the

Olympics with fireworks and getting his people hyped up to see Germany win. It was

Owens who won 4 gold medals in track and field and got the applause from the German

audience. This source is useful because it is about how Owens out did the germans in

track and field events and won the hearts of some Germans even though Hitler still

thought that germans were the best.

Poulou, Penelope. "Race' Chronicles Triumph, Struggles of Track Star Jesse Owens in

Segregated America." Vaonews.com, 18 Feb. 2016, www.voanews.com/arts-culture/race-

chronicles-triumph-struggles-track-star-jesse-owens-segregated-america. Accessed 4 Oct.

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2019. This source is about how Adolf Hitler planned to prove to Germany that their team

was the best and the fastest, but Jesse Owens won four gold medals at the 1936 Olympics

and proved Hitler wrong. Owens still faced segregation and discrimination although he

won these four medals. Owens defeated Nazi, Germany's Lutz Long, right, during the

1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin. His four olympic gold medals deflated Hitler's

olympic ambitions and paved the way for other black athletes. This source is helpful

because it explains how other African Americans can be successful at the Olympics and

other important events.

"Quotes by Jesse Owens." Jesse Owens, www.jesseowens.com/quotes/. Accessed 10 Feb. 2020.

This source is about Jesse Owens quotes and about what he has gone through in life. this

source is important because it is about his life and he is putting words to what he faced in

his life. Now other inspired Americans can speak the words of Jesse Owens.

School, Britanica. "Jesse Owens." Encyclopedia Britanica, 6 Oct. 2017,

school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Jesse-Owens/57799. Accessed 13 Nov. 2019. This

source is helpful for my topic because it discusses Owens achievements, another way of

discrimination, and how he proved that Aryans aren't the superior race in the Olympics.

Owens was heavily disrespected at the Olympics by Hitler. Hitler wouldn't shake his

hand after his win just because he was black, but he shook the hands of the Germans that

lost and were eliminated. Hitler was called out on this and was told to either congratulate

all of none. Despite this discrimination, Owens was adored and congratulated by the

Germans aside from Hitler and Owens even got help from a fellow German for a event.