1. Amorpha georgiana var.

Georgiana

Straub, S., S. Bogdanowicz, & J. Doyle, (2009). Characterization of 12 polymorphic

microsatellite markers for Georgia false indigo (Amorpha georgiana Wilbur var.
georgiana), an endangered species, and their utility in other dwarf Amorpha L.
species. In: Molecular Ecology Resources, 9(1): 225-228.

This study looks at three congeners, Amorpha georgiana var. Georgiana, Amorpha
georgiana var. confusa, and Amorpha herbacea with a focus on Amorpha georgiana var.
Georgiana. Tests were done using polymorphic microsatellite markers and 12
microsatellites from A. georgiana var. Georgiana were used due to their clean signal,
amplified reliability and polymorphic nature. These were compared across the same loci
from the two focus congeners. Significant differences were noted across the three and
can be used in acknowledging population dynamics, especially those concerning global
security of Amorpha georgiana var. Georgiana.

Marchin, R. M., R.K. Bhandari, W.A. Wall, M.G. Hohmann, J.B. Gray, W.A. Hoffmann,
(2009). Are rare species less shade tolerant than common species in fire-prone
environments? A test with seven Amorpha (Fabaceae) species. In: Plant Ecololgy
205:249–260.

This study compares seven taxa on their shade tolerance. The goal of this study was to
understand rarity within the Amorpha genus and whether or not shading is a cause to the
decline of Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana, Amorpha georgiana var. confusa, and
Amorpha schwerinii. The group also controlled for moisture content based on species
designation of a wetland indicator or not. Classical growth models were used to indicate
at what rate taxa were growing and their future rates of growth. Numbers were run
through ANOVA for each species to determine if results were specific to that particular
population or if there was no variance across all samples. The study determined that the
rare species did not suffer significant retardation of growth following shading. The
researchers noted that there was no statistically significant figure to separate those plants
that are rare to those that are common. There was, however, some reason to believe that
shading at least contributes to the decline of these rare taxa. This study is important to
understanding decline causation. It allows scientists to eliminate one variable from their
experiments. It also allows those looking into Amorpha georgiana var. georgiana’s
security status, some possible threats to its existence.
2. Balduina atropurpurea

Lincicome, David A. 1998. The Rare Perennial Balduina atropurpurea (Asteraceae) at

Fort Stewart, Georgia. In: USACERL Technical Report 98/75. US Army Corp of
Engineers. pp.1-130.

This study looked at the species Balduina atropurpurea and its current status located on
Fort Stewart, Georgia. The study looked at population counts, genetic diversity,
phenology, environmental conditions, and reproductive habits. Populations were
observed and studied. Genet density was calculated and inferences of the plant’s
reproductive habits were made. Offspring as it relates to sexual reproduction was also
studied. The scientists found that both sexual and asexual reproduction was taking place
in this species. The scientists examined the number of offspring per inflorescence which
could be particularly important in determining the possible success in restoring this
species. This study did not compare congeners of this species but did establish that
samples that were taken were all one species. This is based on reproductive structures,
habitat and phenotypes. Overall this research is extensive and covers everything needed
to establish a recovery plan. Further research may be needed to present this species as one
that needs federal protection.

3. Carex impressinervia

Naczi, R.F.C. (2009) Insights on using morphologic data for phylogenetic analysis in
sedges (Cyperaceae). In: The Botanical Review 75: pp.67–95.

The purpose of this study was to deduce morphological differences in sedges and then
place those sedges in a phylogenitic tree. Multiple groups were examined and then
compared against each other. It was possible for each specimen to be examined more
than once. Some of the features observed were fruits, flower structures, perigynias, and
leaf structure. A phylogenetic tree was made to visualize the comparisons across all
species examined. Carex impressinervia was one of the species examined. This work
placed it in the phylogenetic tree helping to deduce its evolutionary pathway. This is
incredibly important to the conservation of Carex impressinervia because it gives
scientists an understanding of which species it may be closest to. This would allow them
to apply previous knowledge on closely related species to new management ideas.

4. Eupatorium paludicola
 Leblond, R.J., E.E. Schilling, R.D. Porcher, B.A. Sorrie, J.F. Townsend, P.D. McMillan,
A.S. Weakley. Eupatorium paludicola (asteraceae): A new species from the coastal plain
of North and South Carolina. Rhodora 109 (938): 137-144.

Eupatorium paludicola closely resembles Eupatorium leucolepis in appearance and has

been mistaken as the same species for centuries. Scientists studied both to determine
differences between the congeners. Rhizomes exist in Eupatorium paludicola and are
prominent. Rhizomes are reduced or lacking in Eupatorium leucolepis. The study also
highlighted differences between the leaf width and orientation, leaf pubescence, and
flower structure. Habitat requirements were also determined to be different between the
congeners. These differences justify Eupatorium paludicola as a distinct species from
Eupatorium leucolepis. The separation of the two species puts Euparorium paludicola in
line for listing under the Endangered Species Act.

5. Fimbristylis perpusilla

Wofford B.E., R. L. Jones,1998 Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper (Cyperaceae) from the

Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Castanea 53(4): 299-302

Fimbristylis perpusilla was found on the Cumberland Plateau in eastern Tennessee.

Scientists are certain of correct identification and collected specimens for the herbarium.
The researchers discussed other locations that the plants have been found and determined
that sandy, seasonally inundated soils were required for survival of this species. The
scientists also make the assumption that seeds must be tolerable of extended periods of
dormancy. Wofford and Jones note that the only similar plant in North America is F.
vahlii but F. perpusilla differs in having banana shaped fruits instead of obovate fruits.

6. Geum [Waldsteinia] lobata

7. Lindera subcoriacea
 8. Lobelia boykinii

Royo, A.A., R. Bates, E.P. Lacey 2008. Demographic constraints in three populations of
Lobelia boykinii: a rare wetland endemic. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 135(2):
pp.189-199

This study looked at seven sample populations established on randomized plots located in
Hoke and Scotland counties in eastern North Carolina. These plots were observed and life
cycles were documented. Dynamics including water availability, fungal infections, sun
exposure, topsoil depth, and disturbance were noted. The researchers found that
germination and perennial regeneration varied randomly in association with all dynamics.
The study shows that no single demographic determines regeneration of this species. The
authors make a suggesting of preserving all large populations of this species as little
about direct requirements are known for species continuation.

9. Ludwigia brevipes

10. Ludwigia ravenii

Peng, C. 1984. Ludwigia ravenii (Onagraceae), a new species from the coastal plain of
the southeastern United States. Systematic Botany 9(2): pp. 129-132

Ludwigia ravenii occurs in Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. It is
separated in this study from other members of the Ludwigia genus by several characters.
Ludwigia ravenii is notably similar to both Ludwigia pilosa and Ludwigia sphaerocarpa.
It is differentiated in this study by several characteristics, none of which idependantly
distinguish it from the others. The most noticeable characteristic is the green adaxial
surface on Ludwigia ravenii. Other species are tinged with other pigments. Splitting
Ludwigia ravenii from the other species gives it more priority for consideration to be put
 on the Federal Endangered Species List. Detailed latin descriptions were made of the
plant which allows for better identification of new populations.

11. Macbridea caroliniana

12. Marshallia grandiflora

Smith, S., Shine, C. 1998. Marshallia grandiflora Compositae. In: Curtis's Botanical
Magazine 15(3): pp. 158-163

A close examination of historical placement as well as current DNA analysis maintain

Marshallia grandiflora in the Heliantheae tribe. Much emphasis is given in this article to
historical records of both the species and its most similar congeners. A formal species
description is given of the species. It is separated from both M. trinervia and M. mohrii by a
possible cold dormancy requirement, although this study did not directly look at temperature
requirements. Marshallia grandifolia is further separated from Marshallia trinervia by having
leaf tips that has gradually reduced leaf tips towards the apex of the plant. It is further separated
from Marshallia mohrii by not naturally producing multiple flower heads. The description, as
well as distinctions made between similar species, will allow for better evaluation of its
endangerment.

13. Minuartia godfreyi

14. Nuphar lutea ssp. sagittifolia

15. Potamogeton tennesseensis

16. Ptilimnium ahlesii

17. Rhynchospora crinipes

Anderson, L. 1988. Status of endangered Rhynchospora crinipes (Cyperaceae). In:

Systematic Botany 13(3): pp. 407-410
 Rhynochospora crinipes is a beaked rush formerly known only from collected, pressed
specimens. The authors sought to distinguish Rhynchospora crinipes from other species
in the genus. The description given here follows the discovery of a new population in
western Florida. The species can be separated by other species of Rhynochospora
according to the author and others by the presence of hairs on the achene as well as a
unique basal stipe that remains attached to the achene. The discovery of the new
population in Florida could prove to be a valuable discovery as it adds genetic diversity
to the species as a whole. The authors note that older literature on the species use
contradictory statements for identification. This could prove that other populations may
yet to be discovered, once thought Rhynochospora filifolia.

18. Rhynchospora thornei

19. Rudbeckia heliopsidis

20. Sarracenia purpurea var. montana

Ellison, A.M., H.L. Buckley, T.E. Miller, N.J. Gotelli 2004. In: American Journal of
Botany 68(4): 1930-1935.

The purpose of this study was to establish parameters between the variations of
Sarracenia purpurea. The authors looked at 39 populations and determined that
variations could have arisen from multiple factors. The researchers tested peat pore water
for nutrients and analyzed that across all sets using ANOVA statistical tests. Latitude was
also taken into consideration and proved to have the highest correlation of variance. The
researchers were not able to directly test Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa var. montana
due to access restrictions, as well as the small size of populations. The researchers
worried that such small populations would not be able to survive such disturbance. They
were however able to make inferences based on their data. They determined that
Sarracenia purpurea ssp. venosa was not a distinct subspecies as variation can be
accounted for by environmental conditions. It did recognize that Sarracenia purpurea
ssp. venosa var. burkeii should be recognized as a separate species and that Sarracenia
purpurea ssp. venosa var. montana needed further research to determine if it also was a
distinct species.

21. Solidago plumosa

22. Sporobolus teretifolius