RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES.

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR
DISSERTATION

MS.PREEBA P GEORGE
I YEAR M.SC NURSING
1 NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
ST,ANNS COLLEGE OF NURSING
MULKI,
MANGALORE

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION ST.ANN’S COLLEGE OF NURSING

MULKI,
MANGALORE-574154.

COURSE OF THE STUDY AND M.SC NURSING

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SUBJECT MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE

4 10-05-2010
COURSE

EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF ENHANCEMENT

PROGRAMME [SEP]
5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC ON SELF ESTEEM AND DEPRESSION AMONG
ELDERLY IN SELECTED INSTITUTIONS OF
MANGLORE.

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6 BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED STUDY
6.1 Need for the study
‘The oldest trees often bear the sweetest fruit”.
Ageing, which is an reality of the human existence on the planet earth, plays a
major role in the global demographic transition. Aged is generally defined as population above 60
years of age .According to demographers categories of the old; young old [60-69years], old old [70-
79years], oldest old [80-89years], and the extreme old [above 90years].According to the 1991
census, the number of elderly [60years] were 2.6millions. According to the UN population Division
report there will be two elderly persons for every child in the world by 2050.Between the years 2000
and 2050, the world wide proportion of persons over 65years of age is expected to be more than
double from the current 6.9%-16.4%.1
Many older people face stressful situations such as the death of the friends and family,
deterioration of health and physical ability, loneliness or depression. Retirement sometimes creates
feelings of not being a productive part of society and stress due to reduced income. Relocating after
retirement adds other problems such as difficulty in making new friends, depression and loneliness
due to separation from family and friends. If self esteem is decreased because of these stressful
events, the elderly are more prone to abuse alcohol and other drugs to relieve their pain. The
likelihood of abusing medications also increases as age people.2
A study was conducted to high light the biopsychic, socio economic and cultural deprivations
among 240 elderly aged above 60 yrs, to assess the volume and intensity of many sorts of
deprivation like deprivation of family care to the aged, deprivation of social status, honour, power
and obedience from younger family member, adjustment problems, economic deprivation,
deprivation due to discontinuity of work etc. It found that unison with social bonds lessens these
deprivations. The study shows that the best way to prolong lifespan and make life of the aged
worthwhile and useful both for the individual and society is to understand their expectations and
work towards them, so as to provide healthy psychosocial environment.3
A study was conducted to establish the nature, prevalence and factors associated with geriatric
depression in rural South Indian Community among 1000 participants aged over 65 years. The study
revealed that prevalence of geriatric depression within a month was 12.7%. DSM IV diagnosis of
major depression was significantly correlated with experiencing hunger, transient ischemic attack,
past head injury, more disability and less nourishment. The study also revealed that geriatric
depression is prevalent in rural south India. Poverty and physical ill health are risk factors for
depression among elderly while good social support is protective.4

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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 Review of literature is defined as a systematic and critical review of the most important
scholarly literature on particular topic. It is conducted to generate a picture of what is known about a
particular situation and the knowledge gaps that exists in the situation. The primary purpose of
review of literature is to gain a broad background or understanding information regarding the
problem.
A study was conducted in two satellite towns of Chandigarh among 200 urban elderly, of
these 32 were institutionalized [12 males and 20 females] and 168 non- institutionalized. [120 males
and 40 females]. Data of non- institutionalized individuals were collected through a house to house
survey from various sectors of Chandigarh and that of institutionalized were collected from selected
old age homes. Most of the individuals were 60 years of age and above. For the measurement of life
satisfaction, life satisfaction scale developed by Chandha and Willigen (1995) was used. The findings
revealed that mean life satisfaction score of institutionalized elderly was 101.78 and non-
institutionalized was 131.83. The‘t’ value was 6.49 which was significant. It meant that non-
institutionalized elderly had a higher life satisfaction than institutionalized. The mean life
satisfaction score of all males were 134.61 and all females were 112.3. The‘t’ value obtained was
6.18 which meant that life satisfaction of males were more as compared to females5.
A study was conducted to find the risk factors associated with late life suicidal ideation, old
age people were interviewed using standardized instruments. The knowledge and attitude of primary
school teacher’s self-reported symptoms of hopelessness, perceived health, and depression, as well as
number of impaired medical illness systems were examined in relation to the presence of suicidal
thoughts. The study revealed that old age people were more depressed and suicidal, and depressive
symptoms were strongly related to suicidal thought.6
A study was conducted in an old age home among 10 old age people in Kanpur, to
understand the experience of loneliness among elderly, by using a semi-structured interview
schedule. The findings suggested that all the residents except one expressed that they do not
experience loneliness in old age home. The reason found out was that they try to keep themselves
busy by taking up various activities. Other reasons were regular familial contact and the nature of
the old age home.7
A study was conducted among 48 elderly [25 institutionalized, 23 non-institutionalized] to
examine the comparative effects of reminiscence on self-esteem self-health perception, depressive
symptoms, and mood status of elderly people residing in long-term care facilities and at home.
Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Health perception Scale (HPS), Geriatric Depression Scale
Short Form (GDS-SF), were used to assess self esteem and depression. The study revealed that
reminiscence therapy was effective for depression, self health perception, and mood status. The also
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study concluded that reminiscence therapy is especially appropriate for older people who reside in
care facilitates.8
6.3 Statement of the problem
Effectiveness Of Self Enhancement Programme On Self Esteem And Depression Among Elderly In
Selected Institutions Of Mangalore.
6.4Objectives
Objectives of the study are;
– to determine the level of self esteem among elderly using Rosenberg’s self esteem scale
– to determine the level of depression among elderly using Geriatric depression scale.
– to find the effectiveness of self enhance programme on self esteem in terms of gain in self
esteem
– to find the effectiveness of self enhancement programme on depression in terms of decrease
in depression score.
6.5 Operational definition
Effectiveness: in this study it refers to the extent to which self enhancement programme improves
the level of self esteem and reduce depression among elderly as measured by gain in Rosenberg’s
self esteem scale and Geriatric depression scale.
Self enhancement programme: in this study it refers to the activities that include introducing
oneself, group activity, smile contest, self esteem calendar, brochure about self and closing session
which are taught to enhance psychological wellbeing and facilities adaptation to present
circumstances prepared by the investigator for the elderly.
Self esteem: In this study it refers to the attitude of the elderly person towards self respect and self
confidence.
Depression: in this study it refers to a person’s state of withdrawal from all stimuli.
Elderly: In this study it refers to both male and female inmates of selected old age homes of
Mangalore who are in the age group 60-80 years.
6.6 Assumptions
– Elderly people have various physical and psychological health problems.
– Self esteem problems arise in later life because of excess or deficit in new challenges.
6.7 Delimitation
The study is delimited to
– elderly in the age group 60-80 years
– elderly who stays in selected old age homes for a period of minimum 6 months.
6.8 Hypotheses
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 All the hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance
H1: There will be significant difference between the mean pretest and posttest self esteem score
of elderly
H2: There will be significant difference between the mean pretest and post test depression score
of elderly
MATERIALS AND METHODS
7 7.1 Source of data
Data will be collected from elderly of selected old age homes.
7.1.1 Research design
Per experimental one group pretest posttest design will be used for the study.
7.1.2 Setting of the study
Study will be conducted in selected old age home of Mangalore. This is a private institution with 62
inmates including 36 males and 26 females. This institution is located approximately 435 km from
investigators residence.
7.1.3 Population
The population in this study includes elderly of age group 60-80 years.
7.2 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
7.2.1 Sampling procedure
Samples for this study will be selected by purposive sampling
7.2.2 Sample size
In this study sample consist of 30 inmates of elderly home.
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria
– Elderly who are willing to participate in the study
– Elderly who are staying in old age homes for a minimum six months
– Elderly in the age group between 60-80 years.
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria
Elderly who are not available at the time of the study
7.2.5 Instruments used
Instruments intended o be used in this study consist of
Tool 1: Self esteem scale
Part 1: Baseline characteristics
Part 2: Rosenberg’s self esteem scale
Tool 2: Geriatric depression scale
7.2.6 Material intended to be used
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In this study the material used will be self enhancement programme
7.2.7 Data collection method
– Data from participants will be collected after obtaining prior permission from authorities of
selected old age homes of Mangalore.
– The investigator will introduce herself to the participants
– The objectives of the study will be explained
– Informed consent will be obtained from the study participants.
– Data will be collected by administering structured questionnaire, Rosenberg’s self esteem
scale and Geriatric depression scale.
– Self enhancement programme will be administered
– 15 days after administration of self enhancement programme data will be collected from
pretest subjects by administering structured questionnaire, Rosenberg’s self esteem scale and
Geriatric depression scale.
7.2.8 Plan for data analysis
– The obtained data will be analyzed in terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study by both
descriptive and inferential statistics
– Descriptive statistics such frequencies, mean, median, mode and percentages would be
computed to describe sample characteristics and inferential statistics such as t-test or
equivalent non parametric test would be used to find out effectiveness of self enhancement
programme.
– The association between the demographic variables and knowledge scores will be determined
by chi-square test.
– Data will pre presented in tables, graphs and diagrams
7.3 Does the study require any investigation or instruction to be conducted on patients or
other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.
Yes the investigator needs to assess the effectiveness of self enhancement programme among elderly
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from institution?
Yes it has been obtained from the concerned authorities

List of References
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 1. Gerontol SA Global aging. Global Action on Aging; 2006 .
2. Sheare DE. Global age. Friendly cities: A guide; Aging and life course, Family and
community; 2007.
3. Rajan S.I. Home away from home: A survey of old age homes and inmates in Kerala.
Thiruvananthapuram: Centre for Developmental Studies. Available from www.google .com
4. Antonelli E, Rubin V, Fassone C. The self concept in institutionalized and no
institutionalized elderly people. Journal of environment psychology. 2000 Jan (cited 2002
March 6); 20 (2):
8 5. Rajkumar AP, Thangadurai P, Senthikumar P et.al… Nature prevalence and factors associated
with depression among the elderly in rural South Indian Community, International
Psychogeriatrics. 2009 April; 21:
6. Commerford MC, Reznikoff M. Relationship of religion and perceived social support of self
esteem and depression in the nursing home residents. Journal of psychology. 1996; 130:
7. Rho Kh, Han SH, Kim KS, Lee MS. Effect of aroma therapy massage on anxiety and self
esteem in Korean elderly women: a pilot study. International journal of neuroscience. 2006;
116 (12):
8. Kyung Hee University. Effect of Meridian Exercise on health status, depression, and self
esteem for institutionalized elderly people. 2002; 9(3): 388-398.
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