Practical Neuroanatomy

Wijnand Raaijmakers
UNPAD
March 2010
 Summary

•  Telencephalon: cerebral cortex; structures around lateral

ventricle: basal ganglia, hippocampus
•  Diencephalon: thalamus & hypothalamus
•  Mesencephalon: colliculi & tegmentum
•  Metencephalon: cerebellum & pons-brain stem
•  Myelencephalon: transition to spinal cord
Dorsal view of model •  Fissures: major
groves; arise early in
development
–  Longitudinal fissure
•  Sulcus (plural sulci)
–  Central sulcus
•  Cortex
•  Precentral gyrus
(primary motor
cortex)
•  Postcentral gyrus
(primary
somatosensory
cortex)
Lateral view of model •  Lateral fissure:
border between
temporal and
frontal/parietal
lobes
•  Temporal lobe
(superior gyrus:
auditory cortex
•  Central sulcus:
border between
frontal and
parietal lobe
•  Occipital lobe:
hardly visible
The lobes of the cerebral cortex
Cerebral cortex: gyri & sulci/
fissures
Frontal view of model
Anterior pole of
the temporal lobe
Rear view of model
Corpus
callosum
Visual
cortex
Insula
Lateral
ventricle
Ventricular system
Ventral view
of model
Ventral view, with cerebellum
Ventral view, without cerebellum
Visual pathways
•  Primary visual
cortex (=V1) is
part of the
occipital cortex;
•  Most of it is inside
the fissure!
•  Main pathway:
retinaLGN 
V1  (V2+V3+
V4+ V5) 
temporal cortex
AND parietal
cortex
The frontal
lobe
•  Major regions
•  Cingulate
sulcus: border
between
cingulate gyrus
and overlying
neocortex
Medial (midsagittal) view of
model
 Frontal section of brain:
frontal cortex, basal ganglia, temporal, cortex
Medial view of model
•  Telencephalon
–  Basal ganglia
•  (with overlying blood vessels
•  Diencephalon
–  Thalamus
•  With massa intermedia
–  Hypothalamus
–  3rd ventricle
•  Midbrain
–  Colliculus superior/inferior
–  Tegmentum (brain stem)
•  Metencephalon
–  Pons, 4th ventricle (brain stem)
•  Myelencephalon
–  (Brain stem)
Dorsal view of midbrain & thalamus

•  Pineal gland:
–  part of
diencephalon
–  unpaired,
–  produces
melatonin
Lateral ventricle: hippocampus & fornix
Lateral ventricle: occipital horn; temporal horn;
basal ganglia+insula next to frontal horn
Basal ganglia