VPMIA Conf April 2010

The Residential HVAC
Design Process
To comply with the IRC

jackbartell@virginiaair.com
Jack Bartell
Director, Service & Training
VIRGINIA AIR DISTRIBUTORS

Introduction
• Purpose:
– Provides the
reasons behind
the reality
• Reference:
– B
Bob’s
b’ HHouse
– ACCA
Handouts
Introduction
Plan Examiners Form
• Developed by ACCA
C d C
Codes Committee
itt
• Permit application process
• Completed
C by the HVACC
contractor
• Software
S ft independent
i d d t
• Simple over-arching view
of the design process
Introduction
• Required
(M1401.3 and M1601.1)
• Applicable
• Fast
• Expandable
Introduction
• Keep It SIMPLE
• Skimming
• Digging
gg g
Manual J: Load
Calculations
Manual J8
Manual J8AE
For additional information

on ACCA, click on the logo
Oversizing Equipment
• R
Reduces
d efficiency
ffi i
• Increases operating costs
• Reduces control over the space
– Rises likelihood of mold and mildew
• Optimum efficiency occurs when the
equipment operates under full load
load.
– This only happens for several hours per
year.
Undersizing Equipment
• Slightly undersizing equipment will
provide comfort and efficiency most of
the time
– Space
S conditions
diti will
ill d
drift
ift when
h extremes
t iin
weather occur.
• P
Preferable
f bl tto oversizing
i i th
the equipment.
i t
The result is increased energy efficiency
with
ith a minor
i lloss off comfort.
f t
• This must be explained to the owner.
What are the benefits of a detailed
and accurate load calculation?
May Not
or
What are the p
Will Not
pitfalls and consequences
q
of an inaccurate load calculation?
Six Ingredients of Forced Air
Comfort
1. Even temperature
2. Filtration
3. Noise
4. Outdoor air
5
5. Humidity control
6. Air circulation
A Properly Designed Comfort System “Simultaneously controls
the temperature, humidity, air quality and air movement in a
manner that is not noticeable to the occupants”
Manual J 8th Edition
– Infiltration Load
• Accounts for wind velocity
• Accounts for air in-take needed for people and
equipment
– Solar Gains
• Variation of solar gain through the day
• The impact of reflection on solar gains
• The loads for skylight including the curbs
– Adds Loads for the affect of equipment,
piping, and humidification
Choosing Procedures
One procedure – Average Load for Winter Conditions

Average or Peak Procedure for Summer Conditions
• Average Load Procedure • Peak Load Procedure

– When there is a constant – When there is a spike in
load through the day th cooling
the li lload
d
– Or effect of solar gain s isn’t – When the effect of the
significantly different from solar gain causes
hour to hour within a room differences from hour to
or space hour
AED
Lack of Adequate
Di ersit
Diversity E
Exposure
E
Diversity
E
N S
N Condo A Condo B Condo C S

W
W Peak Load
An excursion adjustment is added
to the average fenestration gain Conditions
when the application does not
have AED.
Adequate Exposure Diversity
Excursion Adjustment Required
Need to use manual

MJ8 & software
Adequate
q Exposure
p Diversity
y
Appendix 3
• For MJ8ae a dwelling is assumed to
have AED if:
– The total area of the windows,
windows glass doors and
skylight assemblies does not exceed 15 percent of
the associated floor area.
– The dwelling has four exposures.
– Each exposure is equipped with a representative
amount of glass area
area.
How do I decide which road to take:
Limitations and Guidelines

Fig. 3-5 Heat Loss & Gain Tables
p
Content Comparison
Component Heat Loss
Calculations
Component
p Heat Loss
Calculations
• Heat loss calculations.

• Fenestration heat loss
loss.
• Opaque panel heat loss.
• Radiant floor.
f
• Block infiltration load for heating.
• Room infiltration load for heating.
Component
p Heat Loss
Calculations
• Duct load for heating
heating.
• Engineered ventilation load for heating.
• Wi t h
Winter humidification
idifi ti lload.
d
• Hydronic piping loss.
• Equipment sizing.
Component Heat Gain
Calculations
Component Heat Gain Calculations
• Heat gain calculations

• Fenestration heat gain
• Opaque panel heat gain
• Block infiltration load for cooling
• Room infiltration load for cooling
• Internal gain
Component Heat Gain
Calculations
• Ductt lload
D d ffor cooling
li
• Engineered ventilation load for cooling
• Blower heat
• Moisture migration
• Total cooling load
• E i
Equipment t sizing
i i
Physical Principles & Mathematics
Units of measurement
meas rement and
measurements protocols.
– Measured dimensions
dimensions.
– Areas of building
components.
components
– Perimeters and
volumes.
volumes
Preparation of Forms and Worksheets
• Order of procession for block load estimate

– Worksheet A: design conditions
– Worksheet B – C: window,, glass
g doors & sky
y light
g loads
– Worksheet D: opaque surface loads
– Worksheet E: infiltration loads
– W k h t F:
Worksheet F internal
i t l loads
l d
– Worksheet G: duct loads
– Worksheet H: ventilation loads
– Form J1ae: room load estimates
Manual J do’s
(mandatory requirements)
9 Use outdoor design g conditions recommended

by table 1 manual J.
9 Use the default indoor design conditions
recommended by manual J.
9 Consider orientation of the structure on the site.
9 Verify all construction details prior to calculating
loads.
9 Take full credit for all internal shading devices
and external overhangs.
Manual J do’s
(mandatory requirements)
9 Use internal shading devices that are compatible

with the type of room.
9 Take credit for insect screens when installed or
specified.
9 Take full credit for rated performance of
construction materials, insulation and construction
features.
9 Take full credit for tightness of of the envelope
construction.
9 Follow the manual J procedures for infiltration and
ventilation.
Manual J do’s
(
(mandatory
d t requirements)
i t )
9 Take full credit for duct system sealing and

insulation.
9 Match location as close as p possible when
selecting a duct load table.
9 Match duct supply and return system geometry.
9 Use the correct R-values for duct wall
insulation.
9 Add blower heat to the sensible gain if
equipment performance data is not adjusted for
blower heat.
What is the definition of a BTU?
British Thermal Unit
The amount of heat needed

to raise the temperature of
1ppound of water 1º F
Which has more heat,
a pound of water at 212ºF or
appound of steam at 212ºF?
Sensible heat
• Heat,
Heat which when added to a material
material, raises its
temperature. Expressed as dry bulb temperature.
Latent heat
• Heat, which when added to a material, changes its
state but not its temperature
temperature. Expressed in Btu per
pound of material.
144 32°
IIce WATER
BTU/LB
32° Latent heat
32°
WATER
180 212°
WATER
BTH/LB
SENSIBLE HEAT
212°
WATER
970 212°
BTU/LB STEAM
Latent heat
Heat moves in three ways:
convection
conduction
radiation
The Sensible Heat Equation
• Q = 1.08 x CFM x TD
– Q = Sensible heat in Btuh
– 1.08 = is a constant (Properties of air at sea level)
– CFM = Cubic Feet per minute of Air
– TD = is the change (temperature difference) in air
temperature in ºF. Referred to as the Delta T.
– .076 (pounds of air in a cubic foot) X

– .24 (specific heat of standard air at sea level) X
– 60 (number of minutes in an hour)
The Sensible Heat Equation
By knowing any two variables we can find
the remaining by algebraic re-arrangement
q
of the equation.
• BTUH = CFM x TD x 1.1

• CFM = BTUH/(1.1 x TD) CFM = Load
1.08 X TD
• TD = BTUH/(1
BTUH/(1.1
1 x CFM)
Manual J: Load Calculations
Results of Over-Sizing
• Results of Oversizing
– More consumer expense
• Equipment
• Materials
• Labor
– More starts and stops
• Wear and tear on
equipment
• Hi h energy usage
Higher
– Poor comfort
$
• Less humidity control
• g
Stagnant air p
pockets
• Stratified air
temperatures
– Marginalized part-load
capacity
What factors determine
the heating and cooling
requirements of a
home?
Design Conditions
Heat Loss
Heat Gain
• What factors determine a
house’s heating and cooling
requirements:
– Location
• Orientation
• Latitude
• Ventilation
– Building components
• Windows
• Insulation Heat Loss
– Occupants and Plants
– Appliances Heat Gain
– Infiltration
– Etc…
Location Factors
• Factors that determine a house’s
house s
heating and cooling load calculation:
– Design Conditions
• Indoor Conditions
• Winter Design Temp.
• Summer Design Temp.
• Moisture Difference
– Latitude
– Altitude Heat Loss
– Orientation Heat Gain

Location Factors
– Design
g Conditions
Manual J8J8, Section A5-3

A5 3,
“Use of this set of conditions
is mandatory,y unless
superceded by a code,
regulation, or documented
Heat Loss
75°F
75
h lth requirement.”
health i t ”F
70°F Heat Gain
Design Conditions
Design Conditions
• Winter:
– Indoor: 70
70°F
• Summer:
– Indoor: 75
75°F
Location Factors
house s
– Latitude
– Altitude Heat Loss
– Orientation Heat Gain

Design Conditions
Design Conditions
• Design Conditions
– Winter Design Temp.
– Summer Design
Temp.
– Moisture Difference
Design Conditions (Chicago)
Design Conditions
• Winter:
– Outdoor: 2°F
2 70
• Summer:
– Outdoor: 91
91°F
– OD Grains: 37
37∆ Gr 75
50
Design Conditions (Minneapolis)
Design Conditions
• Winter:
– Outdoor: -11
-11°F 70
• Summer:
– Outdoor: 88°F
88
– OD Grains: 24∆
24 Gr 75
50
Building Components
Chicago
g
1,299 Btu/h
1,578 Btu/h
Location Factors
house s
– Orientation
– Latitude Heat Loss
– Altitude Heat Gain

Building Components
Orientation
Building Components
South
Orientation
Front Door
Manual J8 requires sketches based on a plan take-off or field

observation with an arrow or directional rosette that points
north.
Building Components
Bedrooms
South
3
1
2 3
Building Components
O
Occupants
t
Manual
a ua J8 J8: Occupa
Occupants
s South
3
produce sensible and 1800
latent loads. The
number of occupants
q
shall equal the number
of bedrooms plus one.
Occupants
house s
heating and cooling
l d calculation:
load l l ti
– Occupants
Building Components
O
Occupants
t
Manual
a ua J8 J8: Occupa
Occupants s South
3
produce sensible and 1800
1
latent loads. The
number of occupants
q
shall equal the 3number
+1 = 4
of bedrooms plus one.
2 3
Building Components
Envelope Tightness
Manual J8: §
§3.10 (Page 14) South
3
Infiltration load estimates 1800
shall be based on one of 4
the tightness categories
(tight, semi-tight, average,
semi loose and loose)
semi-loose,
provided by Table 5A and
5B B. (well defined on page 174)
Building Components
Envelope Tightness
South
•Ceilings
Ceilings 3
•Walls 1800
•Windows
Windows and Doors 4
Average
•Engineered Openings
•Exhaust systems
y
•Duct systems
•Overall
Building Components
Design
Ventilation South
South
Manual J8: §3.13 (Page 19) 3

1800
• Ventilation Requirement 4
• N t kit
Not kitchen
h / bath
b th exhaust
h t Average
• ERV and HRV 0
• Special Kitchen exhaust
• Fireplace/stove operation
Fenestration
(Windows, Skylights, French doors, etc)
heating and cooling
load calculation:
• Windows
– Rough opening
– Orientation North?
– Overhang
– Internal shading
S th?
South?
– Bug screen (or not) Southwest?
– Skylights (or not)
Fenestration

house s
heating and cooling
load calc
calculation:
lation
– Windows
• Latitude
L tit d Boston
Phoenix
Miami
Fenestration
heating and cooling
load calculation:
• Windows
– Rough opening
– Orientation North?
– Overhang
– Internal shading
S th?
South?
– Bug screen (or not) Southwest?
– Skylights (or not)
Building Components
Windows No overhang
South
Manual J8: §3.13 (Page 19) 3
1800
• Eave overhang 4
• I t
Internal
l shade
h d Avg
• Skylights 0
• Optional: Latitude (26
(26°))
N
None
Drapes, Light ½ Closed
None
Other factors
• What other factors determine a
houses heating and cooling
requirements:
i t
– Appliances
– Duct Loads
– AED - Zoning House A
House B
South
2 3
70 1,800
4
Average
91 0
75
37 None
D
Drapes, Li
Light,
ht ½ Cl
Closed
d
None
South
2 3
70 1,800
51,838 4
Average
91 0
75
37 None
21 23
21,423 D
Drapes, Li
Light,
ht ½ Cl
Closed
d
4,684
None
26,107
Questions
Break
10:00
11:00
12:00
13:00
14:00
15:00
9:00
8:00
7:00
5:00
6:00
0:00
4:00
0:15
0:30
1:00
3:00
2:00
Manual S: Equipment Selection
• Heating
g
– Load
– Output Capacity
– Target Airflow
– Design airflow
– Altitude adjustments
• Cooling
– Load
– Sensible / Latent Capacity
– Target airflow
– D i airflow
Design i fl
– Altitude adjustments
• Heating 103°F - 133°F
56,000 Btu/h
– Load = 51,838
51 838 Btu/h
– Output Capacity
– Target
g Airflow 52°=
52 = Output
p 56,000
56,000
capacity
,p y = 51,838
, Btu/h
∆T°=
∆T =
– Design airflow 1000
CFM ×××
1,000 1.08
1.08
1.08××ACF
×ACF
ACF
– Altitude adjustments 68°F
ABC Company FU60-036
60,000 Btu/h
Air Delivery – CFM (With Filter)
External Static Pressure (inches water column)
Unit Size Speed
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
High 1075 1040 995 945 895 840 760
Med – Hi 950 925 895 845 795 740 660
FU60 - 024
Med – Lo 850 825 780 740 685 635 560
Low 740 700 650 620 565 515 455
High 1470 1415 1400 1285 1215 1120 995
Med – Hi 1315 1280 1235 1298 1115 1035 930
FU60 - 036
Med – Lo 1125 1110 1085 1045 1000 915 830
Low 930 9256 910 850 830 770 705
High 1700 1685 1640 1580 1545 1450 1380
Med – Hi 1500 1465 1435 1385 1255 1300 1250
FU60 - 048
Med – Lo 1325 1295 1265 1230 1190 1150 1105
Low 1205 1170 1145 1110 1080 1035 990
• Cooling
– Load
= 26,107 Btu/h
• Cooling
– Sensible / Latent Capacity
= 26,107 Btu/h
Total
26, 107Heat
26,107 Btu/h ==
Btu/h Sensible
= 21,423 Btu/h ++
Sensible Latent
+ 4,686
Latent
Btu/h
• Cooling
– Total Load
21,423 Btu/h (Sensible)
– Sensible Load + 4,684 Btu/h (Latent)
– Latent Load = 26,107 Btu/h (Total)
– Target airflow
– Design airflow
Sensible Heat Ratio
0 82 =
0.82
26,107 Btu/h (Total)
Sensible Heat Ratio

Sensible
21,423 Btu/h
Btu/h (Sensible)
Airflow
1,044(CFM)
CFM = V
Versus ∆T
1.08
1.08(∆T
x ∆T xfrom
x 19°F
ACFxSHR
ACF Table) x ACF Manual S page 3-4
SHR ∆T
Belo 0.80
Below 0 80 21
0.80 – 0.85 19
Above 0.85 17
• Cooling
– Total Load
– Sensible Load 26,107 Btu/h+ 4,684 Btu/h (Latent)
– Latent Load 21, 423 Btu/h 4,684 Btu/h
= 26,107
26 107 Btu/h (Total)
– Target airflow
– Design airflow
0 82 =
0.82
26,107 Btu/h (Total)
Sensible Heat Ratio

21 423 Btu/h
21,423 V
Versus ∆T
1,044 CFM Manual S page 3-4
1.08 x 19°F x ACF
SHR ∆T
Belo 0.80
Below 0 80 21
0.80 – 0.85 19
Above 0.85 17
AHRI data
vs.
Regional Design data
• Cooling
C li
– Total Load 26,107 Btu/h
– Sensible Load 21,423 Btu/h
– Latent Load 4,684 Btu/h
– Target airflow 1,044 CFM
Summer OD
91 F
91°F
Target
airflow
,
1,044 CFM
EWB
63°F
Total Load
26,107 Btu/h
Sensible Load
21,423 Btu/h
Latent Load
4,684 Btu/h
Summer OD
91°F
EWB
63°F
Total
T t l Load
L d
26,107 Btu/h
Sensible Load
21 423 Btu/h
21,423
Latent Load
4,684 Btu/h
Target airflow
1,044 CFM
+ 3,073
3 073 + 3,425
3 425
- 63 + 5,401
+ 3,136
3 136 - 2,976
2 976
ABC Company FU60
FU60-036
036
Air Delivery – CFM (With Filter)
Target
External Static Pressure (inches water column)
airflow Unit Size Speed
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
High 1075 1040 995 945 895 840 760
1,044
Med – Hi 950 925 895 845 795 740 660
CFM FU60 - 024
Med – Lo 850 825 780 740 685 635 560
L
Low 740 700 650 620 565 515 455
High 1470 1415 1400 1285 1215 1120 995
Med – Hi 1315 1280 1235 1298 1115 1035 930
FU60 - 036
Med – Lo 1125 1110 1085 1045 1000 915 830
Low 930 9256 910 850 830 770 705
High 1700 1685 1640 1580 1545 1450 1380
Med – Hi 1500 1465 1435 1385 1255 1300 1250
FU60 - 048
Med – Lo 1325 1295 1265 1230 1190 1150 1105
Low 1205 1170 1145 1110 1080 1035 990
ABC System Capacity

995 CFM, 91°F ODT, 63°F EWB and 75°F EDB
Manual J
Heating Cooling
Load
ABC
Heatingg Btu/h 51,838
, 56,000
,
Cooling Btu/h 26,107 29,180
Sensible Btu/h 21,423 21,360
Latent Btu/h 4,684 7,820
Manual D: Duct Distribution System
Basic Residential Duct Systems
• The following slides will describe some of
the various styles of residential duct
systems.
systems
• Following each slide will be listed some of
the Pros and Cons of each type of system
system.
Extended Plenum System Design
Extended Plenum System
Design
Pros
• The most common residential duct system
• Easy
y to fabricate and install.
Cons
For
F bbest results
l blower
bl must be
b centrally
ll
located.
Long duct runs make it difficult to turn air
into branch runs near the fan.
Reducing Plenum System
Design
Reducing Plenum System
Design
Pros
• Improves performance
f over end mounted
blower, extended plenum systems.
• Usually less expensive for small systems
systems.
Con
s Historically, duct design manuals arbitrarily
assigned the reduction point at 24
24’ from the
blower, resulting in less that maximum
performance.
performance
Reducing Trunk System Design
Reducing Trunk System Design
Pros
• Less material used to fabricate duct
system.
• Good air distribution if designed properly.
Cons
Requires
R i more workk to fabricate
f bi andd install
i ll
because each takeoff requires its own
section.
i
Each section is a different size and requires
a transition to reach the next size.
Radial or Octopus System
Design
Radial or Octopus System
Design
• One of the most cost effective systems
Pros
t install.
to i t ll
• Easy to fabricate and install.
Cons
For
F bbest results
l blower
bl must be
b centrally
ll
located.
Installers tend to use long flex duct runs
resulting poor performance due to high
resistance.
Perimeter Loop System Design
Perimeter Loop System Design
Pros
• Effective in cold climates with slab floor
construction.
• Maintains comfort at the floor level in heating
season.
Cons
Difficult
Diffi lt to
t design.
d i
Expensive to install.
What can be considered the best
use of Duct Tape?
y
Equipment & Air-Side
Air Side Devices
• The design of the house
house, the selection of
the HVAC equipment and peripheral
devices determines the duct system
requirements.
• Fan performance governs the static
pressure limitations of the duct system.
Air Side Devices
Air-side
Air side devices are used to control airflow.
airflow
• Supply outlets introduce supply air into the

room.
• Return
R t iinlets
l t capture
t the
th return
t air.
i
• Dampers and junction boxes control air
volume in the duct system.
Air Side Devices
Air-side
Air side devices are used to control airflow.
airflow
• Diffusers typically introduce supply air
into the room from the ceiling
ceiling.
• Supply Registers and Grilles typically
introduce supply air into the room from
the wall. Registers are grilles that have
dampers.
dampers
• Return Registers and grilles are the
same as above but used on the return
side.
OCCUPIED ZONE
The occupied zone consists of the space between the

fl
floor andd 6 ffeett above
b th
the flfloor iin th
the vertical
ti l di
direction
ti and
d
the space that is more than 2 feet from the wall in the
horizontal direction.
It is within the occupied zone that comfort

conditions must be maintained.
Therefore, do not distribute conditioned
air into the occupied zone
Terminal velocity (fpm)
• When the velocity of total air drops to 50
or 75 fpm, depending on the particular
pp
application, it reaches terminal velocity.
y
• Terminal velocity can be said to be the

velocity of the air stream at the end of the
throw.
Throw (ft
(ft.))
Throw
(20’)
Terminal velocity
(50 fpm)
The horizontal distance that an air stream travels after leaving a

horizontal sidewall outlet before maximum velocity is reduced to
terminal velocity.
Drop (ft
(ft.))
• The distance that the bottom edge of a horizontally projected air
stream falls by the time the air reaches the end of its throw.
Spread (ft
(ft.))
The maximum width of the total air stream at
the point of terminal velocity.
Induction (Aspiration) The process of drawing room air into the
projected air stream due to the velocity of the projected air stream.
Secondary air
Primary air The supply air
from the outlet.
Primary air
Secondary air The induced
room air (can be 10 to 20 times
Secondary air
greater than the primary air
quantity).
q y)
Ceiling or Wall Effect The tendency of an air stream moving along a

ceiling or wall to remain in contact with that surface
surface.
Terms used in Duct
Design
• IWC - Inches of Water Column - A unit used to
measure pressure
p
• CFM - Cubic Feet per Minute - A unit used to
measure air flow
• ESP - External Static Pressure - A unit used to
measure resistance outside of the fan
• ASP – Available Static Pressure of a blower
g all component
after deducting p loses
• Pressure Drop - is equal to the pressure loss
that occurs between any y two points
p in a duct
system
Terms used in Duct
Design
• Friction Rate - is equal to the pressure loss
that occurs between any two points in a duct
system that are separated by a specific
distance (usually 100 feet)
distance.
• Equivalent Length - A term used to describe
pressure lossl th
through
h a fitti
fitting.
• TEL - Total Effective Length - A term used to
describe the friction losses through a duct and
all of its fittings and air-side devices.
VELOCITY is measured in feet per minute (fpm)
V = CFM CFM = A x V
A
The area of the duct (A) must always be stated in
square feet
feet. Therefore
Therefore, divide the duct
dimensions (w x h) by 144.
1200 CFM in a 24”
24 x 8”
8 duct has a velocity of:
V = CFM 1200 1200 = 900 fpm

A 24x8/144 1.33
Pressure
Measured in inches of water column (“w.c.)
1 psig = 27.72” w.c.
Velocity pressure is movement, dynamic pressure.
Static pressure is a bursting pressure. It lacks

movement.
Total pressure is static pressure plus velocity

pressure.
pressure
External Static Pressure
Item Static pressure

drop in “w.c.
Supply duct .10
10
system
Return duct .10
system
Evaporator .20
(Coil)
Furnace
Air cleaner .20
Supply registers .03
R
Return grilles
ill .03
03
Volume .03
dampers
Total external .69
static pressure
Furnace blower must be able to deliver the required volume of air

(CFM) against an external static pressure of .69” water column.
Total Static Pressure
Which two points will measure
Total Static pressure on the furnace?
C
Furnace
B
A
• Duct system design and overview

–Calc each rooms CFM
–Sketch on the blue print
• Notes with approx lengths
• Show CFM for each supply and return
• Sho CFM for each tr
Show trunk
nk
• ID fittings
–Gather
Gather OEM performance data
–Use EL calc sheet
• Calculate
each
room’s
airflow
Sketch duct geometry

Assign CFM
y
Determine the duct run with the
longest Total Effective Length
y
Assign CFM
4I=10EL
4I 10EL 4I=10EL
9’
9
= 35 EL
15’
15
1P=20EL
6L=20 EL 5J=15EL
8’ 15’
2Q=10 EL 15’
y
Determine the duct run with the
longest Total Effective Length
5 15 10 5 10
5
20 20 20 20 35
50 10 10 10 20
40 40 40 40 60
120 100 80 90 125

y
0 50
0.50 1,000
0.16
Determine the
Friction Rate
-0.05
0.10
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.30
0.50 0.30 0.20

y
Determine the 0 50
0.50 0 30
0.30 0 20
0.20
Friction Rate 120 125 225
FR = (ASP × 100 ) ÷ TEL

FR = (0.20 × 100 ) ÷ 225
FR = 20 ÷ 225 = .0888 ≈ 0.09
y
0.50 0.30 0.20
120 125 225
Determine the 0.09

Friction Rate
0.5 1000
0.16
-0.05
0.10
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.20
0.5 0.3 0.2
120 125 225
0.9
Manual D : Duct Distribution System
0.50 1,000
0.5 1000
0.16
0.50 0.30 0.20
0.16
0 05
-0.05
-0.05
0.10
0.10
0.03 120 125 225
0.03 0.03
0.03 0.03
0.03
0 30
0.30 0 09
0.09
0.20
0.5
0.50
0.3
0.30
0.2
0.20
120 125 225
0.9
Manual D : Duct Distribution System
1,000
0.50 120
0.30 125
0.20 225
0.09
Sheetmetal, Flex
South
2 3
70 1,800
51,838 4
Average
91 0
75
37 50 None
21,423 Drapes, Light, ½ Closed
4,684
None
26,107
1,000
1 000
0.50 120
0.30 125
0 20
0.20 225
0.09
Sheetmetal, Flex
Residential HVAC System
y Design
g
Residential HVAC System
y Design
g
• Conclusion
• Questions???

VPMIA Conf April 2010

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The Residential HVAC

To comply with the IRC

VIRGINIA AIR DISTRIBUTORS

For additional information

One procedure – Average Load for Winter Conditions

• Average Load Procedure • Peak Load Procedure

N Condo A Condo B Condo C S

Need to use manual

Limitations and Guidelines

• Heat loss calculations.

• Heat gain calculations

• Order of procession for block load estimate

9 Use outdoor design g conditions recommended

9 Use internal shading devices that are compatible

9 Take full credit for duct system sealing and

British Thermal Unit

The amount of heat needed

– .076 (pounds of air in a cubic foot) X

• BTUH = CFM x TD x 1.1

– Orientation Heat Gain

Manual J8J8, Section A5-3

– Orientation Heat Gain

– Altitude Heat Gain

Manual J8 requires sketches based on a plan take-off or field

Manual J8: §3.13 (Page 19) 3

• Factors that determine a house’s

Sensible Heat Ratio

Sensible Heat Ratio

ABC System Capacity

• Supply outlets introduce supply air into the

The occupied zone consists of the space between the

It is within the occupied zone that comfort

• Terminal velocity can be said to be the

The horizontal distance that an air stream travels after leaving a

Ceiling or Wall Effect The tendency of an air stream moving along a

V = CFM 1200 1200 = 900 fpm

1 psig = 27.72” w.c.

Velocity pressure is movement, dynamic pressure.

Static pressure is a bursting pressure. It lacks

Total pressure is static pressure plus velocity

Item Static pressure

Supply registers .03

Furnace blower must be able to deliver the required volume of air

• Duct system design and overview

Sketch duct geometry

120 100 80 90 125

0.50 0.30 0.20

Friction Rate 120 125 225

FR = (ASP × 100 ) ÷ TEL

120 125 225

Determine the 0.09

0.5 0.3 0.2

120 125 225

120 125 225

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