GREENKO GROUP GENERATOR STATOR PROTECTIONS SETTING GUIDELINES

GENERATOR STATOR PROTECTIONS SETTING GUIDELINES

Generator rated Voltage VL 22 kV

VPH 12.70 kV

Rated HV side voltage of Transformer (Line) VSYS(L) 230 kV

Rated HV side voltage of Transformer (Phase) VSYS(PH) 132.79 kV

NGT rated secondary voltage VSNGT 240 V

Nominal Frequency 60 Hz

Figure 1: Implementation of a Generator High-Resistance Grounding Scheme using NGT

Capacitances (per phase)

Generator Stator CG 0.297 µF

Isolated Busduct CI 0.003 µF
Surge Capacitor CS 0.056 µF
GSU CTX 0.002 µF
Aux. Transformer CAXT 0 µF
Excitation Transformer CET 0 µF

Total Capacitance : CTOTAL 0.358 µF

Interwinding Capacitance of GSU CIW 5 nF

1
Per phase capacitive reactance 𝑋 =
2𝜋𝑓𝐶
Per phase capacitive reactance XC 7.409 kΩ
𝑋
Generator neutral primary resistance 𝑅𝑁 =
3
Required Generator neutral primary resistance RNPRI 2.470 kΩ

By selecting the primary voltage of NGT as phase to ground voltage of generator,

Pimary voltage of NGT VPNGT 12.70 kV

𝑉𝑃
NGT ratio = 𝑛 = nNGT 53.000
𝑉𝑆
𝑉
Maximum generator primary fault current 𝐼𝐹𝐺 =
𝑅𝑁
Maximum generator primary fault current IFGPRI 5.143 A
GREENKO GROUP GENERATOR STATOR PROTECTIONS SETTING GUIDELINES

𝑅𝑁
Generator neutral secondary resistance 𝑅𝑁 = = 0.879 Ω
𝑛

𝑉𝑁
Maximum generator secondary ground fault current 𝐼𝐹𝐺 = 272.960 A
𝑅𝑁

Power Dessipation during a fault 𝑃 = 𝑉𝑆 ∗ 𝐼𝐹𝐺 65.510 kW

Figure 2: Zero-Sequence Network for a Ground Fault at the GSU High-Voltage Terminals

From the Figure 2,

1
GSU interwinding capacitive reactance 𝑋 = = 530.516 kΩ
2𝜋𝑓𝐶

−𝑗𝑋 ∗ 3 ∗ 𝑅𝑁
From Figure 2, Generator equivalent impedance 𝑍 =
3 ∗ 𝑅𝑁 − 𝑗𝑋
ZN 5.239 kΩ

In worst-case, zero-sequence voltage equal to one-third of the nominal phase-neutral system voltage. Hence,
𝑉 ( )
Maximum zero sequence voltage under fault conditions 𝑍 = 44.264 kV
3

𝑍 1
Secondary neutral voltage for a high voltage ground fault 𝑉𝑁 =𝑍 ∗ ∗
𝑍 − 𝐽𝑋 𝑛

Secondary neutral voltage for a high voltage ground fault VNSEC 8.190 V

Setting of 59N 59NSET 10.00 V

𝑉𝐺 − 59𝑁 ∗𝑛
59𝑁% 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = ∗ 100%
𝑉𝐺
59N% Coverage = 95.83 %

THIRD HARMONIC VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION

Figure 3: Third harmonic Network Diagram

From the equivalent third harmonic network diagram as shown in figure 3,

1
Terminal Third harmonic capacitive reactance 𝑋 =
𝐶
2𝜋 ∗ 3 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 2 + 𝐶 + 𝐶 + 𝐶 +𝐶 +𝐶

X3T 4.220 kΩ
GREENKO GROUP GENERATOR STATOR PROTECTIONS SETTING GUIDELINES

1
Neutral Third harmonic capacitive reactance 𝑋 =
𝐶
2𝜋 ∗ 3 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 2

X3N 5.954 kΩ
−𝑗𝑋 ∗ 3 ∗ 𝑅𝑁
Neutral third harmonic impedance 𝑍 =
3𝑅𝑁 − 𝑗𝑋

Z3N 4.641 kΩ

𝑍
Per unit voltage drop at neutral 𝑉𝑁3 =
𝑍 − 𝑗𝑋
VN3PU 0.555

−𝑗𝑋
Per unit voltage drop at terminals 𝑉𝑇3 =
𝑍 − 𝑗𝑋
VT3PU 0.505

59D3 SETTINGS AND COVERAGE

Secondary Voltage of Terminal PT 146.6 V

PT ratio of Terminal PT PTR 150

Secondary Voltage of Neutral PT 110 V

PT ratio of Neutral PT or NGT transformation Raio PTRN 115

Third harmonic survey (as carried out on generator after installation at site)

Load (pu) VN3_PRI (V) VT3_PRI (V) VN3_SEC (V) VT3_SEC (V) (d)-RAT*(e) 59D3% Cover
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g)
0 123 428.9 1.070 2.859 0.074 18.83
0.1 160.5 515.7 1.396 3.438 0.020 19.68
0.3 120.8 348.3 1.050 2.322 0.122 18.01
0.5 136.7 487.4 1.189 3.249 0.111 19.36
0.6 163.5 582 1.422 3.880 0.130 20.03
0.7 171.1 609.6 1.488 4.064 0.138 20.19
0.8 189.6 674.3 1.649 4.495 0.149 20.50
0.9 201.2 717.3 1.750 4.782 0.163 20.68
1 200.6 715.9 1.744 4.773 0.165 20.67

∑ 𝑉𝑁3_𝑆𝐸𝐶
The optimum ratio setting for 59D3 is 𝑅𝐴𝑇 =
∑ 𝑉𝑇3_𝑆𝐸𝐶
The Ratio Setting RAT 0.4

Optimum pickup setting of 59D3 is 𝑃𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑢𝑝 = 1.1 0.1 + 𝑀𝐴𝑋 𝑉𝑁3_𝑆𝐸𝐶 − 𝑅𝐴𝑇 𝑉𝑇3_𝑆𝐸𝐶

Pickup Setting Pickup 59D3 0.29

𝑅𝐴𝑇 𝑃𝐾𝑃
59𝐷3% 𝐶𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = − ∗ 100%
𝑃𝑇𝑅 𝑃𝑇𝑅 𝑃𝑇𝑅𝑁
𝑅𝐴𝑇 + 𝑃𝑇𝑅𝑁 𝑅𝐴𝑇 + 𝑃𝑇𝑅𝑁 ∗ 𝑉𝑁 ∗ 𝑃𝑇𝑅 + 𝑉𝑇3_𝑆𝐸𝐶

59D3 % Coverage 18.01 %

GREENKO GROUP GENERATOR STATOR PROTECTIONS SETTING GUIDELINES

𝑉𝑁3
Pickup Setting of 27N3 𝑃𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑢𝑝 =
2
Pickup 27N3 60.4 V

27N3% Coverage 12.88 %

Third harmonic distribution with varying load (survey)

800

600

400

200

-200

-400
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

% OF STATOR WINDING PROTECTED

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%