ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
EXCELLENCE
 Electrical Faults
Causes, Analysis,
Detection & Remedies

This training course will benefit all levels of personnel in Objectives

an electrical installation. It will enable them to identify the
causes and apply analysis of electrical faults in a power
system. By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:

Who • Understand the various types of fault currents

should attend
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
technical professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Electricians
• Electrical supervisors
• Plant electricians
• Operations & maintenance engineers, supervisors &
technicians
• Maintenance technicians
Program Overview
This Electrical Faults training course in Dubai teaches
practical electrical troubleshooting and is concerned
with the calculation of fault currents in electrical power
systems. Short-circuit currents are associated with
large amounts of very destructive energy and therefore
calculations must be made to ensure that the short-circuit
ratings of equipment are adequate to cater for these
high currents. Accurate assessment of these currents is
also essential for determining the settings of the system
protection devices.
• Determine the causes of overcurrent and short circuit
current
• Explain differences between symmetrical and
unsymmetrical faults
• Analyse the common faults in a power system
• Interpret manual calculation verses software aided fault
current calculations
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
training techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes presentation and discussion of
case studies (with appropriate solutions), latest videos,
technologies, and various commercial fault current
analysis softwares.
Questions are encouraged throughout, particularly at the
daily wrap up sessions. This provides opportunities for
participants to discuss with the Presenter specific issues
and, if possible, find appropriate solutions. Specific goals
of each participant will be discussed to ensure that their
needs are fulfilled whenever practicable.

This training course includes the preparation of the

system for analysis, by manual calculation and by the use
of computer analysis. Participants will be introduced to the
various fault analysis software programs.

This training course will feature:

• Identification of causes of electrical faults
• Understanding three phase short circuit currents
• Recognition of unsymmetrical faults in transformers
• Representation of unsymmetrical faults in a power
system
• Manual and software assisted of fault currents

Duration
5 DAYS
 • Interconnected sequence networks
• Special considerations with reference to limitation of
earth fault current
• Demonstration examples based on industrial power
systems
• Introduction to fault current analysis software

Day Five: Computer based Calculation of

Faults
• Introduction to a scaled down fault analysis software
• Common network faults
• Industrial standards namely ANSI, NEC & NFPA 70
compliance
• Case studies of faults in a high voltage network
• Case study of faults in a low voltage network
• Q&A and wrap up session

Course Outline
Day One: Introduction to Fault Analysis
• Source of fault current in an electrical installation
• Common fault statistics of electrical equipment
• Short-circuit rating of equipment
• Selecting the correct switchgear rating for fault duties
• Overview of per-unit system and one line diagrams
• Sources of impedance data for all items of plant

Day Two: Three-phase Short-circuit

Currents
• Review - summary - discussion
• Manual calculation of three-phase short-circuit current
• Industrial systems and fault current analysis
• Tutorial - based on attendees plant
• Cables subjected to short-circuit currents
• Compliance with regulations

Day Three: Unsymmetrical Fault Conditions

• Overview of symmetrical components and faults
• Consideration of various fault types
• Sequence networks
• Consideration of phase shift in two-winding
transformers
• Consideration of earth impedance
• Consideration of three-winding transformers

Day Four: Representation of Unsymmetrical

Faults in Power Systems
• Overview of symmetrical components and faults
• Fault diagrams of electrical equipment
 Impact of Renewable
Energy Sources
Who
should attend
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
professionals that need to have an intermediate
level of knowledge for power system analysis and
probabilistic theory. These include:
• Professionals of electric power utilities, system
operators (Independent System Operators –
ISOs, Regional Transmission Operators – RTOs,
Transmission System Operators - TSOs)
• Professionals of regulation authorities
• Professionals of companies involved in projects
concerning renewable energy installations
• Power system consultants
• Researchers and post-graduate students of
universities
Program Overview
The increased penetration of renewable energy sources
constitutes one of the most important aspects of
power generation systems due to the respective
economic benefits that may occur and the appropriate
environmental constraints. This fact results to a
continuously increased rate of investments concerning
appropriate generation facilities in many power generation
facilities worldwide. An increased penetration level of
renewable energy sources is expected to be achieved.
However, it may affect the secure operation of the entire
power system and the reliable supply of electric energy
to the customers due to the uncertainty of weather
conditions that constitute the main operational features
of the respective generating plants.
The objective of the training course in Dubai is to
describe the concepts and features of computational
methodologies that can be used for assessing the
reliability and operational performance of power
generation systems with an increased penetration level of
renewable energy installations.
This training course will feature:
• State of the art knowledge of the available
computational methods
Duration
5 DAYS
• Efficient computational methods
that can be applied for the analysis of
the respective reliability problems
• Description of the appropriate sets of
reliability and operational indices that need
to be calculated
• Presentation of application examples by using
practical power systems and case studies
• Important conclusions concerning the necessary
procedures and practices for the planning and
operation of power generation systems with an
increased penetration level of renewable energy
installations
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Determine the most important aspects of renewable
energy plants that need probabilistic modelling and
evaluation assessment
• Understand the main features of the computational
methods that are available for the reliability and
operational performance modelling of the relevant
systems
• Understand the main indices that need be calculated
for the quantification of power system operational
performance
• Carry out practical assessment studies
• Compare and justify alternative schemes for the
reinforcement of power generation systems
Methodology
This training course will utilize a variety of proven adult
learning techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. These mainly include appropriate Power Point
slides that have efficiently been developed in order to
contain all the necessary information being required for
the complete knowledge of the respective theoretical
and practical subjects. Appropriate examples are also
given so that the main points of each topic are better
understood. A set of notes containing all the slides of the
presentations will be available together with an extended
list of references (books, papers, technical reports, etc).
 • Correlation of wind generation with system load
demand requirements
• Reduction events of wind generation
• Indices for wind capacity credit
• Operational integration costs for wind generation
• High penetration levels and wind parks in future power
systems

Day Four: Integration of Other Renewable

Energy Installations
• Main modelling aspects concerning the stochastic
generation variability
• Equivalent daily curves predicting the solar generation
• Correlation of generation with system load demand
requirements
• Operational integration costs for solar generation
• Reliability assessment of photovoltaic plants and their
interconnection links
• Biomass installations
• Battery storage facilities

Day Five: Operational Assessment of Power

Generation Systems
• Simulation of power system operation
• Reliability criteria and characteristics of system
generation
• Calculation of performance indices
• Spinning reserve criteria and demand response
programs
• Interconnected power systems
• Isolated power systems
Course Outline
Day One: General Aspects
• Introduction
• Basic principles of probabilistic modelling and reliability
evaluation methods
• Generation challenges and main issues for planning
purposes of low emission power systems
• Main characteristics of conventional power plants
• Main features of renewable energy installations
• Ancillary services and impact of storage installations
• Simulation computational approaches for modelling
power system operational performance

Day Two: Conventional Power Plants

• Modelling the generation characteristics of thermal
power plants
• Modelling the generation characteristics of
cogeneration plants (large, small)
• Modelling the generation characteristics of hydroelectric
power plants (large, small) with and without pumping
facilities
• Spinning reserve requirements
• Demand response programs
• Reliability criteria for the operation of power generation
systems

Day Three: Integration of Wind Generation

Installations
• Main modelling aspects concerning the stochastic
generation variability
• Equivalent daily curves predicting wind generation
 Process Control
Valves and Actuators
Who
should attend
It is irrelevant whether delegate valve knowledge
and experience ranges from novice to advanced. The
workshop starts from first principles, and builds up,
with the emphasis on delegate participation. Instructor
guidance is delivered on a personal level, and delegates are
encouraged to ask as many questions as necessary.
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Instrumentation, electrical, mechanical, process and
maintenance engineers, specialists and staff
• Management
• Design teams
• Budgeting and financial staff
• Team leaders, supervisors and foremen
Program Overview
This course that delegates with all the necessary
knowledge to enter the world of valves and actuators.
The workshop is highly interactive, and is suitable for
all delegates, regardless of their background. Whether
you are part of the team purchasing the valves, or a key
member involved in implementing maintenance activities,
or a process control specialist, this is the one course that
you should not miss out on! Valves, actuators, associated
equipment, process control using valves – this and much,
much more are covered in 5 knowledge-filled days.
The training course focuses on applications and examples
deemed to be relevant to the industry and it is cognizant
of delegate’s working environment. At least 50% of the
workshop is devoted to practical exercises and discussions,
to keep attention spans at optimal levels.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Essentials of control valves
• Actuators and associated valve equipment
• Theoretical and practical sizing aspects
• Selection, installation and maintenance essentials
• Tuning and optimizing a process, using control valves
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants should be able to:
• Comprehend valve operation
• Understand and appreciate assorted common valve
types
• Size and select the correct valve set (including
actuators), suited to each specific application
• Choose suitable positioners, based on prevailing
conditions
• Use multiple techniques to tune a valve-controlled
process
Methodology
This training course starts off from basics, and builds
up to an advanced level, as far as control and using
valves and actuators, are concerned. None-the-less, it
is presented in such a way that even total novices will
feel comfortable from the very beginning. No-one is
left behind, and the instructor takes pride in guiding all
delegates along the way, with personal assistance, where
required.
Delegates are encouraged to keep an open mind and to
immerse themselves in all exercises and discussions, to
ensure that maximum learning takes place. Preference
will always be given to applications and examples that
tie up with the working environment encountered by the
delegates.
 Day Four: Process Control Using Control
Valves
• Introduction to process control
• The PID controller
• Open-loop tuning
• Closed-loop tuning
• Trial & error tuning (open and closed loop)

Day Five: Optimum Control, Using Control

Valves
• Valves in cascade loops
• Valves in ratio loops
• Valves in non-linear loops
• Valves in loops with long time delays
• Valves used in conjunction with PLCs
• New innovations in control valve technology

Course Outline
Day One: Introduction and Theory
• Control valve purpose and principles
• Flow conditions and pressure drops inside a valve
• Control valve and actuator signals
• Types of flow, Reynold numbers, vortices, gas vs liquid
flow, Cv, Choked flow, etc.
• Cavitation and flashing
• Valve classification, associated hardware and an
introduction to valve types

Day Two: Valve Specifics, Characteristics

and Sizing
• Continuation of valve types
• Valve selection and valves in P&IDs
• Valve leakage
• Valve characteristics (including equal percentage,
linear, etc.)
• The relationship between inherent versus installed
characteristics
• Calculations pertaining to valve sizing for a liquid
application

Day Three: Actuators, Positioners, Trims,

Maintenance and Safety
• Valve sizing, using software
• Actuators, and the choices available
• Valve positioners
• Cavitation and noise control
• Valve installation and maintenance
• Pressure relief and SIS valves
 Safe Operations &
Maintenance of Circuit
Breakers & Switchgears
Who
should attend
This training course will benefit all levels of professional in
an electrical installation. It will enable them to understand
the importance of safe operations of circuit breakers and
switchgears.
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
technical professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Electricians
• Electrical supervisors
• Plant electricians
• Operations & maintenance engineers, supervisors &
technicians
• Maintenance technicians
Program Overview
This training course will provide delegates a solid
understanding on the safe use of circuit breakers,
switchgears and associated equipment that requires
correct initial selection, operation and maintenance.
Strong emphasis on detailed understanding of how these
devices should be installed, the local substation and
system ratings, and how the various breakers operate; in
order to enable accurate troubleshooting and subsequent
repair.
On completion, delegates will be equipped or will have
enhanced skills to ensure that circuit breakers and
switchgear are installed, operated safely and maintained
in a fashion that ensures safe and stable operation.
Delegates will be exposed to recognize faults and ensure
the underlying causes are identified to reduce possible
further failures.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Understanding the types and functions of circuit
breakers
• Operation principle of medium voltage circuit breakers
• Identification of testing equipment and instruments
• Interpretation of single line drawings
• Troubleshooting and maintenance of switchgears
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Understand the various types and operations of circuit
breakers
• Determine the components and operations switchgears
• Explain the different types of testing instruments
• Analyse the common faults in an electrical installation
• Inculcate greater confidence, working safely on circuit
breakers and switchgears
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
training techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes presentation and discussion of
latest videos and circuit breaker technologies.
Questions are encouraged throughout, particularly at the
daily wrap up sessions. This provides opportunities for
participants to discuss with the Presenter specific issues
and, if possible, find appropriate solutions. Specific goals
of each participant will be discussed to ensure that their
needs are fulfilled whenever practicable.
 Day Four: The Interpretation and Use of
Drawings and Job Plan
• Single-line electrical drawings control schematics
• Switchgear name plate information
• Logic and standard symbols
• Procedure preparation for fault finding
• Documentation and follow up safety procedures for
switchgears
• Safety considerations and training

Day Five: The Identification and Repair of

Problems/Failures
• Common mode failures in switchgears
• Phase imbalance and phase sequence effects
• Ground faults - cable and busbar faults
• A review of Safety Requirements
• Hazardous area classifications
• NEC electrical codes applications

Course Outline
Day One: The Technology of Circuit Breakers
and Switchgear
• Typical substation arrangements and motor control
centres
• Motor and generator fault contributions
• Low, medium and high voltage equipment in an
electrical installation
• Name plate ratings - interpretation
• CT’s and VT’s operation, construction and
classifications
• Basic protection requirements

Day Two: Operation of Various Types of

Interrupting Equipment
• High voltage fuses and fused switches
• Moulded case circuit breakers
• Air and load break switches operation and construction
• Vacuum contactors applications
• Vacuum circuit breakers operations and characteristics
• SF6 circuit breakers types and operation principles

Day Three: The Use of Test Equipment for

Operations and Maintenance
• Digital voltmeter (DVM), oscilloscope, insulation tester
applications
• Temperature probes/ IR pyrometers
• Cable fault locators and techniques
• NEC check lists to ensure the correct installation
• Troubleshooting methodology for electrical equipment
• Group exercises and case studies
 LV Motors
Who
should attend
This training course will benefit all levels of personnel in
an electrical installation. It will enable them to identify the
causes and apply analysis of electrical faults in a power
system.
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
technical professionals but will greatly benefit:
•
•
Electricians
Electrical supervisors
• Plant electricians
• Operations & maintenance engineers, supervisors &
technicians
• Maintenance technicians
Program Overview
Electric motors are important machines in all electrical
installation. The types and operations of the motors have
been carefully selected in order to optimize its utilization.
In this Electrical Engineering training course, different
type of motors construction will be discussed so as to
understand their operating principles and characteristics.
In the AC single phase and three phase motors the various
types of starting methods will be discussed in depth, so as
to comprehend its starting and operational functionalities.
Electric motors being an integral component in electrical
installation the protection methods are also emphasized.
Understanding maintenance and troubleshooting
procedures of motor means that reduced downtime and
increased productivity are the immediate benefits for the
company and its management. Equally important, the
protection requirements along with their function and
integration with the overall system ensures that such
expensive apparatus, requiring high capital investment, is
well guarded against failures further offering safety for
operations personnel as well.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Understand the construction of AC and DC motors
• The operations and characteristics of single phase and
three phase motors
• The importance and role of motor protection and relays
• The types of maintenance strategies for motors
installation
• The proper test instruments for troubleshooting motor
faults
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Describe the various types of AC and DC motors
• Appreciate the importance of protection relays
•
•
Analyse the various motor common faults
Explain the various maintenance strategies applied to
motors
• Recognise the importance of correct troubleshooting
techniques
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
training techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes presentation and discussion of
case studies (with appropriate solutions), latest videos,
technologies, and various commercial fault current
analysis softwares.
Questions are encouraged throughout, particularly at the
daily wrap up sessions. This provides opportunities for
participants to discuss with the Presenter specific issues
and, if possible, find appropriate solutions. Specific goals
of each participant will be discussed to ensure that their
needs are fulfilled whenever practicable.
 Day Three: Starting methods, Speed
Regulation and Control
• Reasons for the different types starting methods
• Safe starting of motors
• Full voltage starting and reduced voltage starting
• Different types of motor starter and wiring diagrams
• Soft starters
• Methods of speed regulation and control
• Motor loads and starters
• Maintenance of motor starters

Day Four: Protection of Motors and

Maintenance
• Protection requirements
• Motor protection relays
• Overload with RTD protection
• Overload settings
• Multi-function solid state motor protection numerical
relays
• Maintenance strategies
• Maintenance of AC motors
• Thermograhy and partial discharge in AC motors
• Common causes of motor failures

Day Five: Testing instruments and Trouble

shooting
• Types of testing instruments
• Digital measuring instruments
• Wireless measuring instruments
• Troubleshooting AC motors
Course Outline • Troubleshooting DC motors
• Vibration analysis
Day One: Introduction to Electrical Safety, • Motor faults diagnostics
Types of Electrical Motors Characteristics • Troubleshooting software for motors
• General electrical safety against shock and arc flashes
• Construction and components of electric motors
• Types of single phase and three phase
• Types of rotors
• Types of bearings
• Rotating magnetic field, speed torque characteristics
• Motor control centre (MCC) and motor selection
• Capacitor application and power factor effects and
correction

Day Two: Operations and Characteristics

Three Phase Induction, Synchronous Motor
and Variable Frequency Drives
• Operations and characteristics of three phase induction
motor
• Operations and characteristics of three phase
synchronous motor
• Operations and characteristics of variable frequency
drives
• Applications and features of three phase induction
motors
• Applications and features of synchronous motors
• Selection of induction motors for industrial applications
• IEC motor standards
• Types of enclosures and mountings
 AC Electrical
Motors & Drives
Who
should attend
This training course will benefit all levels of professional in
an electrical installation. It will enable them to understand
operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of AC motors
and drives.
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
technical professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Electricians
• Electrical supervisors
• Plant electricians
• Operations & maintenance engineers, supervisors &
technicians
• Maintenance technicians
Program Overview
This training course in Dubai covers all topics relating
to both AC motors and their drives. AC motors
represent industry’s workhorse in all applications. It is no
exaggeration to suggest that more than half of the energy
consumed worldwide is converted by AC motors into work
and these are controlled by drives.
Understanding maintenance and troubleshooting
procedures of such vital industrial equipment means that
reduced downtime and increased productivity for the
company. The protection is a requirement along with their
function and integration with the overall system ensures
that such expensive apparatus is well guarded against
failures which further offer safety for operations personnel
as well.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Understanding types of AC motors and their starting
methods
• Principle of operation of variable speed drives
• Identification of the various types of variable speed
drive
• Trouble shooting and maintenance of variable speed
drives
• Protection of motors and drives
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Understand the various types of AC motors and
starters
• Determine the components and operations of variable
speed drives
• Explain the different types of variable speed drives
• Analyse the common faults in a variable speed drive
• Design the protection requirements for motors and
drives
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
training techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes presentation and discussion of
latest videos and technologies on variable speed drives.
Questions are encouraged throughout, particularly at the
daily wrap up sessions. This provides opportunities for
participants to discuss with the Presenter specific issues
and, if possible, find appropriate solutions. Specific goals
of each participant will be discussed to ensure that their
needs are fulfilled whenever practicable.
 MOSFET, GTO and others.
• Voltage-source, current-source and pulse width
modulated (PWM) inverters
• Benefits and applications of VSD
• Two-level PWM, regeneration and dynamic braking,
volts per hertz control
• Medium voltage VSDs, switching transients, harmonics
and power factor

Day Four: Troubleshooting and

Maintenance of Drives
• Soft starters and selecting the correct VSD
• VSD analysers for converter failures, inverters and
rectifiers
• Troubleshooting techniques and maintenance for VSD
• VSD parameter guidelines and settings
• VSD bearing failures and remedies
• Testing instruments and scopemeters for VSD

Day Five: Protection of Motors and Drives

• Importance of protection of AC motors requirement
and overload protection
• Motor overload relay classes
• Numerical relays and motor protection
• Protection of inverters and electronic converters in
VSDs
• Case studies, selection and design of systems and their
protection
• Q&A and wrap up session

Course Outline
Day One: AC Motors
• Fundamentals of rotating machines theory, principles
of operation of AC motors and their construction, rotor
slip and torque-speed characteristic
• Three-phase AC induction motors, types, construction,
characteristics and applications
• Starting of induction motors and associated techniques
and acceleration
• Speed control requirements of AC motors
• Selection of AC motors for industrial applications and
service factor
• Medium voltage AC motors and applications

Day Two: Troubleshooting and Maintenance

of Motors
• Characteristics of motors, enclosures and cooling
methods
• Predictive maintenance, motor troubleshooting and
diagnostic testing
• Failures in three-phase stator windings, rewind
scenarios when a motor fails
• Troubleshooting and maintenance of AC motors,
routine care
• Slow acceleration or refusal to starting of an AC motor,
overheating and noise
• Modern motor diagnostics and testing instruments

Day Three: Drives

• Fundamental principles and understanding of AC
Variable Speed Drives
• Power semiconductors, diode, thyristor (SCR), IGBT,
 Operation, Monitoring and
Control of Electric Machines
& Industrial Processes
Who
should attend
This training course has been designed at an intermediate
to advanced level and will suit a wide range of
professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Project engineers/managers
• Mechanical engineers
• Electrical engineers
• Process engineers
• Planning engineers/managers
• Asset engineers/managers
Program Overview
This training course provides an important insight into
the operation of electric machines and industrial process
parameters, industrial sensors, transmitters and actuators
and finally selection of appropriate analogue or digital
controllers to analyze equipment responses and behaviour
against different incidents and system disturbances.
Instrumentation and Process Control involve a wide
range of technologies and sciences and they are used in
many applications. Examples range from the control of
heating, cooling and hot water systems in homes and
offices to chemical and automotive instrumentation
and process control. This training course is designed
to cover all aspects of electric motors and industrial
instrumentation, such as sensing a wide range of variables,
the transmission and recording of the sensed signal,
controllers for signal evaluation, and the control of the
manufacturing process for a quality and uniform product.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Operation and control variables of electric machines,
start-up, major faults
• Instrumentation techniques applied to industrial
devices such as valves and pumps
• Introduction of modern techniques for monitoring and
control of industrial processes
• Application of operational amplifiers in open and closed
loop controllers
• Introduction of SCADA and DCS systems, and PLC
ladder logic programming
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Understand the principles of operation and control
variables of electric machines
• Learn modern techniques to control the response of
electric machines and industrial plant equipment
• Analyze possible faults and associated safety measures
• Realize the application of sensors and actuators in
control systems
• Understand the role of SCADA and PLC controllers in
industrial processes and utility networks
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
learning techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes Power Point slides through which
all the required theory and equations will be provided.
The instructor will also use training videos for better
understanding of the participants.
 Day Four: Electronic Controllers &
Amplifiers
• Operational amplifier (op-amp) circuits and applications
• On-off controller, Proportional (P) controller, Integral (I)
controller
• PI & PID controllers
• Schmitt trigger
• Clipper vs. clamper circuits
• Transistor operation and configurations (CB, CE,
and CC)

Day Five: SCADA & PLC Systems, COMMS

Protocols,
and DCS
• SCADA system structure (field devices, master station,
RTUs, data processing)
• Programmable logic controller (PLC), ladder logic
programming
• Distributed control system (DCS)
• Basics of PLC, Ethernet & TCP/IP
• SCADA protocols (DNP3, 60870, 61850)
• Network topologies

Course Outline
Day One: Electric Motors, Generators, and
Variable Speed Drives
• Principles of rotating machines (motors & generators)
• Different types of AC and DC machines
• Control of machine parameters (speed, torque, loading,
efficiency, power factor)
• Stalling of motors, motor start-up and braking
techniques
• Motor protection, safety requirements and precautions
• Variable speed drive (VSD)

Day Two: Instrumentation & Monitoring of

Process Variables
• Valves, flanges, tanks, and piping systems
• Process flow diagram (PFD) and process &
instrumentation diagram (P&ID)
• Pressure & level control devices and applications
• Temperature & flow control devices and actuators
• Servo mechanism
• Stepper motors

Day Three: Process Controllers and their

Applications
• Instrumentation/control of process variables (static &
dynamic Transfer Function)
• Automatic control (sensors, actuators, control status
and error)
• Open loop vs. closed loop controllers
• Analogue vs. digital controllers
• Batch process control vs. continuous process control
• Analogue signal conditioning (linearization, filtering)
 Reliability and Operational
Performance of Electric
Power Systems
Who
should attend
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
professionals that need to have an intermediate level of
knowledge for power system analysis and probabilistic
theory. These include:
• Professionals of electric power utilities, system
operators (Independent System Operators – ISOs,
Regional Transmission Operators – RTOs, Transmission
System Operators - TSOs)
• Professionals of regulation authorities
• Professionals of large industrial and commercial
companies
• Power system consultants
• Researchers and post-graduate students of universities
Program Overview
The general trend in modern power systems is to increase
competition in order to achieve better performance and
efficiency in the electricity production, transmission and
distribution. In the modern electric energy market, the role
of power systems becomes more important due to the
existing competition issues. The reliability performance
of power systems together with the reliability indices
of service supplied to system customers constitute
major aspects that are taken into account in the system
planning and operating phases.
Therefore, there is a need for planning and operating
considerations that must be followed by the power system
operators, energy suppliers and customers in order to
assure that they will be able to operate reliably and
safely together. All the above aspects need a probabilistic
modelling and evaluation assessment since the existing
deterministic criteria and standards cannot simulate
realistically all the existing features of power systems and
their customers. The objective of the training course in
Dubai is to describe the most important areas that need
probabilistic modelling and evaluation assessment.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• State of the art knowledge of the available
computational methods
• Efficient computational methods that can be applied
for the analysis of the respective reliability problems
(analytical techniques, simulation approaches)
• Description of the appropriate sets of reliability indices
that need to be calculated
• Presentation of application examples by using practical
power systems and case studies
• Important conclusions concerning the necessary
procedures and practices for the planning and
operation of Power Systems in the competitive market
environment
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Determine the most important areas of power systems
that need probabilistic modelling and evaluation
assessment
• Understand the main features of the computational
methods that are available for the reliability modelling
• Understand the main reliability indices that need be
calculated for the quantification of load point and
system performance
• Carry out practical reliability assessment studies
• Compare and justify alternative schemes for power
system reinforcement
Methodology
This training course will utilize a variety of proven adult
learning techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. These mainly include appropriate Power Point
slides that have efficiently been developed in order to
contain all the necessary information being required for
the complete knowledge of the respective theoretical and
practical subjects. Appropriate examples are also given so
that the main points of each topic are better understood.
A set of notes containing all the slides of the
presentations will be available together with an extended
list of references (books, papers, technical reports, etc).
 Day Four: Assessment of Composite
Generation and Transmission Systems
• Reliability modelling of composite generation and
transmission systems
• Application of analytical computational techniques
• Reliability indices of load points and system
performance indices
• Reliability cost assessment
• Application of simulation computational approaches

Day Five: Distribution System Assessment

• Reliability modelling of power distribution systems
• Application of analytical computational techniques
• Reliability indices of load points and customers
• System performance indices
• Reliability cost assessment
• Application of simulation computational approaches

Course Outline
Day One: General Aspects
• Introduction
• Basic principles of probabilistic modelling and reliability
evaluation methods
• Power system challenges and main issues for planning
purposes
• Analytical computational techniques
• Simulation computational approaches
• Reliability criteria and indices
• Reliability parameters for power system components

Day Two: Transmission System Assessment

• Reliability modelling of power transmission systems
• Application of analytical computational techniques
• Total and partial loss of continuity criteria
• Reliability indices of load points and system
performance indices
• Reliability cost assessment
• Application of simulation computational approaches

Day Three: Generation System Assessment

• Reliability modelling of power generation systems
• Modelling of various generating units (thermal,
hydroelectric, etc) and load demand requirements
• Frequency and duration method
• Application of analytical computational techniques
• System reliability indices
• Application of simulation approaches
 Reliability and Operational
Performance of Electric
Power Systems
Who
should attend
This training course will benefit all levels of professional in
an electrical installation. It will enable them to understand
operations and maintenance of medium and high voltage
circuit breakers and switchgears.
This training course is suitable to a wide range of
technical professionals but will greatly benefit:
• Electricians
• Electrical supervisors
• Plant electricians
• Operations & maintenance engineers, supervisors &
technicians
• Maintenance technicians
Program Overview
This training course will present a comprehensive capsule
of all the knowledge essential for the medium voltage
and high voltage switchgear operations and walk the
participants through the switchgear design process using
a set of interlinked case studies. The training course
focuses mainly on the operation and maintenance of
distribution equipment namely transformers, circuit
breakers, contactors, isolators and disconnectors (this will
also include the auxiliary peripherals and control circuits).
Medium and high voltages switchgears are the integral
component of any electrical distribution system; hence,
the selection and installation of these switchgears are
vital so as to provide protection and safe distribution of
electrical power. The equipment needs to be operated in a
safe manner securing continuity of supply to consumers.
Duration
5 DAYS
This training course will feature:
• Understanding the types of medium voltage and high
voltage switchgears
• Operation principle of medium voltage circuit breakers
• Identification of the various types of high voltage
switchgears
• Maintenance of testing of switchgears
• Construction and operations of high voltage
transformers
Objectives
By the end of this training course,
participants will be able to:
• Understand the role and importance of switchgears
• Determine the components and operations of medium
voltage circuit breakers
• Explain the different types of maintenance and testing
for switchgears
• Analyse the common faults and short circuit current
• Design and components of high voltage transformers
Methodology
This training course will utilise a variety of proven adult
training techniques to ensure maximum understanding,
comprehension and retention of the information
presented. This includes presentation and discussion
of latest videos and technologies on medium and high
voltage switchgears.
Questions are encouraged throughout, particularly at the
daily wrap up sessions. This provides opportunities for
participants to discuss with the Presenter specific issues
and, if possible, find appropriate solutions. Specific goals
of each participant will be discussed to ensure that their
needs are fulfilled whenever practicable.
 Day Four: Short Circuit Currents and
Calculations and Working Safely
• Introduction to types of relay
• Relay selection, basic concepts and characteristics
• Types of distress and protection modes
• Introduction to safety in HV Substations
• Switchgear numbering and nomenclature
• Switchgear mechanical and electrical interlocking

Day Five: HV Transformer

• HV current transformers construction, operation and
maintenance
• HV potential transformers features and operation
• Power transformer construction and operation
• Buchholz relay, pressure relief device
• Protective relay, conservator and breather operating
principles
• Maintenance of power transformers

Course Outline
Day One: The Role and Importance of the
Switchgear in Power Systems
• Circuit breakers, auto reclosers, disconnectors and
sectionalisers operations
• Earth switches construction and applications
• Switchgear symbols on single-line diagrams
• Substation switchgear layouts
• Types of current situation
• Fault clearing process

Day Two: Sulphur HexaFlouride (SF6) and

Vacuum Circuit Breakers
• Compression principles
• SF6 hazards and test equipments
• Dead and Live tank HV circuit breakers
• Operation mechanisms of HV circuit breakers
• Vacuum interrupters operation and maintenance
• Automated circuit breaker monitoring

Day Three: Maintenance and Testing of

Switchgears
• Manufacturer testing
• Installation and commissioning
• Documentation requirements
• Importance of maintenance & testing
• Maintenance strategies
• Infrared testing