EN434

EMS in printing: manage your

significant environmental aspects
and save money
 More and more companies are finding that good
environmental management not only saves them
money, but also helps them to stay ahead of
environmental legislation and improve their
customer image. Consequently, many companies
are now implementing an EMS.

What is an EMS?
An environmental management system (EMS) is an integrated approach that enables
any organisation to monitor its environmental performance, and thereby control the
environmental impact of its activities, products or services.

To develop an EMS, you need to understand the impact of your business on the
environment. An EMS shares many links with quality, and health and safety
management - if existing systems are in place, you could use them to create a single
integrated management system.

As a printing company, you have several voluntary options available when you decide
to implement an EMS:

■ develop your own in-house EMS;

■ use the guidance in BS 8555:2003, and work towards phased implementation of

a formal EMS;

■ follow the guidelines of the international standard ISO 14001;

■ adopt the framework set out in the EC’s Eco-Management and Audit Scheme
(EMAS).

You will realise the benefits of an EMS through any one of these options, but many
interested parties, such as your customers, may want to see an EMS certified to a
recognised standard.

How could you benefit from an EMS?

An EMS will help you to manage your business so that you can control environmental
issues, reduce risks and identify cost savings. You will get the maximum benefit from
an EMS that covers all areas of your company’s activities, processes, products and
services. Incorporating a systematic approach to waste minimisation into the EMS
should provide you with significant potential for cost savings and environmental
improvement. Waste minimisation in printing is considered in detail in the web-based
publication Saving money through waste minimisation in the printing industry (ET181),
which can be downloaded from the Envirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).

You can realise many benefits through an EMS, including:

■ gaining a competitive advantage within the printing industry through reduced

operating costs;

■ stronger customer relationships by demonstrating your commitment to

environmental performance;

■ better management of environmental risks which might otherwise lead to

prosecution;

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 ■ improved control over emissions, discharges and material spillages;

■ confidence that current legislation is being met and future legislation can be met;

■ an improved relationship with your regulators and other stakeholders;

■ higher staff motivation through environmental issues.

What does an EMS involve?

An effective EMS should include:

■ an assessment of your company’s activities, products, processes and services which

may affect the environment;

■ development of an environmental policy;

■ an environmental management programme;

■ roles and responsibilities for all employees;

■ a training and awareness programme;

■ written procedures to control activities with a significant environmental impact;

■ a controlled system of records;

■ periodic auditing of the system to ensure effective operation;

■ a formal review of the EMS by senior management.

EMS and IPPC

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) legislation applies an integrated
approach to regulating environmental impacts related to certain industrial activities.
Companies involved in printing, the manufacture of printing ink, the use of solvents,
or releasing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be brought under IPPC. The
processes that are affected are defined in the Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC)
Regulations. For further information visit the NetRegs1 website (www.netregs.co.uk).

The Regulators strongly support the operation of an EMS to meet the management
requirements of PPC permits. The system needs to be in place within three years of a
permit being issued. The Regulatory authorities also recommend ISO 14001
certification or EMAS registration for an EMS.

How to use this guide

Following a structured approach offers the best route to the successful and cost-
effective implementation of an EMS. This guide is designed to be a practical tool to
help printing companies to identify, assess and subsequently manage their
environmental responsibilities. It provides a practical framework to help people with
little or no previous experience of environmental management. The guide explains the
key stages involved in implementing an EMS and gives practical advice to help printing
companies in this process.

Remember, however, that an EMS should be tailored to meet the specific needs of
your company. This guide will help you to address specific environmental issues and
achieve improved environmental performance as part of an EMS. You can use it to
help you carry out an environmental review, write a policy, set objectives and targets,
and plan an environmental management programme.

1 Environmental legislation may vary between different parts of the UK. NetRegs has been developed by the
Environment Agency in collaboration with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Northern
Ireland Environment and Heritage Service (EHSNI).

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 Fig 1 shows the key stages in the implementation of an EMS. Throughout the guide, the
symbols from this diagram appear in the left-hand margin to highlight how the adjacent
text relates to this continual improvement cycle.

Fig 1 Implementation of a typical EMS

Commitment
Initial review

Policy

Continual
Management
review improvement Planning

gs
Savin

Checking and Implementation

corrective action and operation

The importance of top-level commitment

Once your company has decided to implement an EMS, the first step is to establish
the resources and commitment that you need. Planning is central to the success of all
types of EMS. In addition, senior management commitment is vital to:

■ ensure sufficient time and resources are available to implement the EMS;

■ achieve continual environmental improvement and savings;

■ ensure all staff work together in a positive manner to gain the maximum benefits
from the EMS.

Guidance on obtaining senior management commitment

can be found in Environmental management systems for
the furniture industry (GG338)2, which is equally
applicable to the printing industry.

2 This and other Envirowise publications listed in this guide are available free of charge through the Environment and
Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 or via the Envirowise website (www.envirowise.gov.uk).

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The environmental aspects of printing
Printing companies often find it difficult to decide what impact they have on the
environment. An environmental aspect is any element of a company’s activities,
products or services that can interact with the environment. An environmental
impact (or environmental effect - it means the same thing) is any change to the
environment wholly or partially resulting from a company’s activities, products or
services, and can be either beneficial or adverse.

Determining your company’s significant environmental aspects is a fundamental

requirement of a formal EMS, eg ISO 14001, and those that exhibit significant
environmental impacts must be considered when setting your objectives. However,
many companies have found that the most difficult part of implementing an EMS is
identifying significance and being able to repeat the process consistently. The
procedure you use to assess significance and the reasons for your decisions should be
recorded in a systematic manner for future reference - accredited certifiers will also
want to see these records. Assessing significance is considered later in this guide.

The main environmental management issues for printers relate to: the storage,
handling and use of solvents, inks and other chemicals; emissions to atmosphere, eg
isopropyl alcohol (IPA); effluent from washing-down processes; and make-ready and
other substrate waste. Substrate can represent 80 - 90% of the raw material costs for
any printed product. It is estimated that the average loss of substrate through the
printing process is 6%, within a range of 2 - 25% depending on the complexity of the
job and the stage in the process.

Many of the above issues are also important to local communities, who are concerned
about, for example, odour, air quality and the potential pollution of local rivers and
streams. Bear this in mind when you’re assessing the significance of your
environmental aspects. As a printer, your environmental aspects will include:

■ the way you operate a process;

■ the type and specification of the materials you use;

■ the operation of pollution control equipment;

■ solid, liquid and gaseous wastes;

■ measures you have already taken to prevent or reduce pollution.

Table 1 lists example aspects in printing.

Table 1 Examples of environmental aspects in printing

Harmful aspects Pollution reduction aspects

■ Release of solvents to air from the printing
process
■ Generation of various make-ready wastes
during preparation
■ Generation of misprint waste on various
substrates during the printing process
■ Discharge to sewer of screen washing
wastewater containing solvent and ink
■ Contamination of ground with solvent due
to spillage during materials handling
■ Use of water-based or UV-cured inks and
their promotion to clients
■ Ordering substrate in precut rolls to avoid
off-cut waste
■ Reclamation of solvents from the printing
process using condensation plant
■ Re-use of solvent-laden rags for initial
cleaning of printing presses
■ Re-use of screen wash water

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 Identifying your environmental aspects
One of the most effective ways of identifying your environmental aspects is to form a
team and hold brainstorming sessions. Make sure the team includes a good mix of staff
covering different areas and tasks, eg production, QA, health and safety, environment,
accounts, and management.

To help them identify environmental aspects, the team needs to:

■ produce a flow diagram that defines the various

process stages (see Cutting costs by reducing waste: a
self-help guide for growing businesses (GG38C));

■ list the inputs and outputs at each stage (see Fig 2);

■ draw up a site plan to allow mapping of delivery,

storage, process and office areas and the tracking
of material flows;

■ look at all areas, eg production, distribution, site

and location, planning, local environmental
health issues and administration.

The team should then look at the inputs, outputs and activities at each stage of your
process and discuss their relevance in an environmental context. For example:

■ Does the activity result in emissions to air or the generation of liquid or solid waste?

■ Is there a risk of accidents and malfunctions?

■ Is there a risk of pollution?

Fig 2 Simple process map for printing

INPUTS OUTPUTS
Handling and storage

Paper Set-up wastes

Estimating and ordering
Misprints
Inks
Off-cuts
Set-up and make-ready
Solvents Effluent
(from cleaning)
Labour Printing VOCs
(from solvents)
Energy
Combustion
Trimming and binding
products
Water (from heating)

Counting and delivery

Saleable
product

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Identifying the impacts of your aspects
Environmental impacts can be divided into two categories:

■ Direct impacts are those over which you have control, and are generally the
immediate result of actions or operations at your site.

■ Indirect impacts are those over which you have influence. They occur upstream
or downstream of your site’s activities, and include those associated with the
operations of your material and utility suppliers and those associated with product
use and disposal.

For an EMS, you need to consider environmental impacts arising under a range of
operating conditions:

■ normal operating conditions, ie routine operation according to the site’s normal

operating procedures;

■ abnormal operating procedures, ie planned deviations from normal procedure,

such as start-up, shutdown or the introduction of a new product;

■ incidents or accidents, ie unplanned events such as a fire or spillage that have

impacts beyond those normally encountered.

Actual, potential, positive and negative impacts all need to be considered. Table 2
shows examples of environmental aspects and impacts associated with printing.

Table 2 Example environmental aspects and impacts in printing

Activity Environmental aspect Environmental impact

Printing Solvent release to air as VOCs Poor air quality and
photochemical smog
Preparation Generation of make-ready wastes Waste generation and
disposal to landfill
Screen washing Discharge of ink in wastewater Increased pollution loading to
aqueous environment
Printing Generation of spoilage waste Consumption of resources
Waste generation
DIRECT

Materials handling Previous spillage Soil and groundwater

Printing Solvent reclamation
Cleaning Re-use of soiled,
solvent-laden rags
Ink selection Use of water-based inks
Screen washing Re-use of screen wash water
Material specification Substrate ordered in precut rolls
contamination
Reduced VOC emissions to air
Reduced solvent use for
cleaning
Reduced solvent use and
VOC emissions
Reduced water consumption
Reduced waste

Ink selection Use of UV inks Problems with de-inking

INDIRECT

during paper recycling

Supplier Requiring suppliers to have Improve suppliers’
questionnaire an EMS environmental performance

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 Identifying significant environmental aspects
The next stage is to identify which environmental aspects are significant for your
company - these are the ones that will be managed by your EMS. There is no set or
prescribed method for assessing the significance of environmental aspects. Various
techniques are available for assessment, eg scoring, risk-based and qualitative
methods. Many companies choose to use numerical scoring, and external certifiers
may prefer this approach. An example of a numerical evaluation is described later in
this guide.

An environmental aspect is normally considered significant if it is controlled by

legislation, has the potential to cause demonstrable harm to the environment, or is of
concern to interested parties. As well as these fundamental issues, some aspects may
be significant in terms of your business priorities. Considering these priorities may help
you to promote acceptance of environmental issues as a key element in the overall
management of your company.

The following may be important to your company:

■ Industry practice. Are there any recognised industry codes of practice and/or
guidelines relating to the impact?

■ Customer priorities. Do customers experience any problems because of the

amount and type (eg the hazardous nature or recyclability) of waste arising from
your products?

■ Financial priorities. Do impacts have financial implications? Are any regulatory

requirements anticipated? Are any risks and liabilities associated with pollution
arising from the impact? Is there potential for marketing products on the basis of
their reduced environmental impact?

■ Local concerns. Does odour or noise from the site cause a nuisance to your
neighbours?

■ Public relations. Could you benefit from being seen by customers to be

committed to environmental issues?

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Example method for evaluating significant
environmental aspects
This two-step, point-scoring method awards a numerical score to each environmental
aspect you have identified, to enable you to quantify the relative importance of
different criteria. The scoring system is an example and can be modified as necessary
to ensure its applicability and usefulness in your company. The main point to note is
that this method is based entirely on your understanding of your company. You will
find it is particularly effective when carried out in workshop format involving company
staff from a wide range of disciplines.

Step 1: Assess aspects under normal operating conditions

Award each environmental aspect a score to reflect the relative importance of issues
such as:

■ current and forthcoming legislation, eg Pollution Prevention and Control (PPC), Duty of
Care, discharge consent or Local Air Pollution Control (LAPC) authorisation;

■ environmental damage, eg toxicity, acidity and greenhouse gas emissions;

■ interested parties, eg local residents, customers, investors and insurers;

■ quantity, eg the volume/weight of the waste or the frequency of its occurrence.

Other issues such as packaging, shareholders and location can be added to this list.

Record the scores in a matrix, which lays out all the impacts and issues clearly. The score
for each issue is multiplied by a weighting factor which reflects the overall importance
of the issue in the view of your company. For example, if you think that legislation is six-
times more important than any other issue, then a weighting factor of six would apply.
However, it is important to record the reasons for your decisions, for reference. Several
impacts may be associated with each aspect, and you need to complete the matrix
honestly for each impact. Table 3 shows how use of solvents could be scored under
normal operating conditions.

Once all impacts have been considered, add the scores to get a total score for the
environmental aspect under normal operating conditions. You can then rank your
environmental aspects according to their total scores.

Table 3 Example scoring matrix for use of solvents under normal operating conditions

Aspect: Impact: Date: Ref:

Use of solvents Solvent emissions 09/07/03 Envirowise

Issues Score Weighting Score

factor
3 2 1 0

Legislation Existing Impending None ✕2 3 x 2 = 6 (a)

Environmental Known Possible Limited No ✕3 3 x 3 = 9 (b)

damage detriment detriment detriment detriment

Interested Considerable Modest Little No ✕2 2 x 2 = 4 (c)

parties interest interest interest interest

Quantity High Medium Low Nil ✕3 2 x 3 = 6 (d)

Normal operating conditions total score = (a + b + c + d) 25

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 Step 2: Assess aspects under other operating conditions
You then need to award each environmental aspect a numerical score under other
operating conditions, such as:

■ abnormal operations, eg annual cleaning and maintenance;

■ accident/emergency, eg fire, accidental damage or pollution from an accidental

spill;

■ past activities, eg site contamination from solvent spillage;

■ planned activities, eg introduction of water-based inks.

Allocating scores under these operating conditions allows you to gauge the overall
importance of each aspect. There are no rules on what scores should be assigned -
they need to reflect the view of your company. You cannot apply weighting factors to
other operating conditions, as they are unknowns and difficult to compare. Table 4
shows how use of solvents could be scored under other operating conditions.

Table 4 Example scoring matrix for use of solvents under other operating conditions

Aspect: Impact: Date: Ref:

Use of solvents Solvent emissions 09/07/03 Envirowise

Issues Operating Score Score

condition

12 6 3 0

Annual cleaning Abnormal Increased No change Reduced = 6 (a)

and maintenance operations environmental environmental
impact impact

Pollution from Accident/ Increased No change Reduced = 6 (b)

accident spill emergency environmental environmental
impact impact

Site contamination Past activities Evident Possible damage/ No damage = 6 (c)

from solvent spill requires difficult to
action evaluate

Introduction of Planned Increased No change Reduced = 0 (d)

water-based inks activities environmental environmental
impact impact

Other operating conditions total score = (a + b + c + d) 18

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Which aspects are significant?
Assessing the significance of each aspect allows a distinction to be made between
those aspects which need to be addressed through the EMS, and those aspects that are
currently a low priority and that require no further action at this time.

Using the two-step method described above gives a score for each environmental
aspect under both normal and other operating conditions. The aspect is significant if
its score is above a threshold value. Some impacts may be significant in only one
category, others in both. Aspects that fall below the threshold value are not required
to be formally controlled through the EMS. It is up to you to set the threshold over
which impacts are considered significant in your company, and you must record the
reasons for the value you select.

For example, in the matrices shown in Tables 3 and 4, the maximum possible score for
any aspect under either normal or other operating conditions is 30. If the threshold is
set at 15, then solvent emissions from printing will be classified as significant during
both normal and other operating conditions.

Applying this process to all your environmental aspects will give you a list of those
which are significant for your company. These will need to be controlled through the
EMS and should be reflected in your environmental policy, procedures, and objectives
and targets as discussed later in this guide.

The assessment of significant aspects needs to be a regular process, carried out at

least once a year or following any major changes to the operation of the site.

Preparing your environmental policy

Your environmental policy should reflect your company and its operations, and should
state the company’s environmental aims and objectives. It will form the basis of your
EMS. Even if you decide not to adopt a formal EMS, it is worth preparing your policy
carefully, as your customers may want to see it.

A typical environmental policy occupies no more than one side of A4 paper and
should:

■ be appropriate to the nature and scale of your operations;

■ cover the significant issues identified by your initial review, your register of aspects
(see page 13) and applicable legislation;

■ contain a commitment to:

- maintaining compliance with relevant environmental legislation;

- preventing pollution;

- a programme of continual improvement.

You can find more guidance on preparing an environmental policy in

How to develop an environmental policy: a guide for small printing
companies (EN322).

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 Setting objectives and targets
A key aim of an EMS is to manage environmental issues to achieve continual
improvement. To meet this aim, you need to set objectives and targets.

Objectives are the long-term goals that set out what your company wants to achieve.
For example, a company objective could be to reduce waste going to landfill.

Targets are the milestones that measure progress towards achieving objectives. One
objective can have several targets. An example target supporting the objective above
could be to reduce waste to landfill by 10% within two years.

Objectives and targets should be based on the information you collected during the
initial review and should address your company’s significant environmental aspects.
Where regulations, permits and consents contain specific compliance requirements,
incorporate these into your objectives and your mechanism for setting targets. Table 5
shows example objectives and targets for a fictitious printing company.

Table 5 Example objectives and targets at a printing company

OBJECTIVES AND TARGETS FOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMME

Company: Completed by: Date:
KB Printers J Smith 10/07/03
Objective Target Action Resources Responsibility Due date

To minimise 10% reduction Record causes of Stores Stores Dec

the amount of in waste damage during operatives Manager 2004
waste produced produced storage and take
action to reduce

To reduce the 20% reduction Instigate solvent £5,000 - to be Production Mar

amount of in solvent waste recovery for use in recovered through Manager 2005
solvent waste manual cleaning reduced solvent
produced purchase and
disposal costs

To reduce 10% reduction Review on-site Process Technical Dec

instances of spills in reported housekeeping and operators Manager 2004
spills implement changes

To switch from 20% reduction Review feasibility of 2 days Technical Oct

solvent-based in solvent-based switching cleaning Manager 2004
cleaning materials cleaning materials, for each
to non-solvent- materials operation on-site
based detergents

To minimise 10% reduction Investigate 3 days Purchasing Oct

trimming wastes in trimming purchase of different Manager 2004
wastes sized substrates

To reduce To ensure all To construct bund £5,000 for capital Maintenance Aug
potential for oils and inks are walls around all expenditure. Manager 2005
land and water stored in bunded oil and ink stores Maintenance to
contamination areas liaise with
contractor

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 When setting targets, be SMART:

Specific - each target should address only one issue.

Measurable - your targets should be expressed quantitatively, eg 10% reduction.

Achievable - your targets must be something you can achieve. For example, zero waste
is probably not achievable for most companies.

Realistic - your targets should be challenging but not overly ambitious. Remember,
they can always be revised once they have been met.

Time-bound - your target must have a deadline date.

A written programme of work, called an environmental management programme, is

required to show how objectives will be achieved and who is responsible for achieving
them. Your environmental management programme does not need to have a detailed
project plan, but should:

■ include deadlines for completing specific tasks associated with objectives and targets;

■ be dynamic, realistic and achievable;

■ be reviewed regularly and revised as necessary.

Recording your decisions

It is important that you record the results of the aspects evaluation, and the basis of
your decisions, to show that the exercise has been undertaken in a structured and
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Savin

robust fashion. These records will also simplify the regular process of reviewing and
auditing the EMS, and will allow you to measure progress.

Preparing a register (list) of aspects and associated impacts will help to identify
opportunities to minimise waste, and thus realise significant savings through reduced
raw material purchase and waste disposal costs. A register of aspects should contain:

■ a list of all potential environmental aspects and associated impacts;

■ an assessment of their significance;

■ actions that you propose to take to reduce the impacts associated with the
significant aspects.

A register of your company’s significant environmental aspects is an essential document

for ISO 14001 certification or EMAS registration.

If you need any further advice about compiling your register of environmental aspects,
contact the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794.

Assessing the effectiveness of your EMS

Audits
Audits involve a systematic inspection and comparison of actual operating methods.
They assess whether the EMS is operating correctly and identify where things need to
be improved. Audits should provide a valuable tool for gauging commitment within
different parts of the company.

You need to carry out environmental audits internally. However, if you are seeking
ISO 14001 certification or EMAS registration, you will also need to have all elements of
the EMS verified by an independent and accredited body.

The frequency of audits will depend on the significance of the environmental aspects,
but you should audit all procedures and areas at least once a year. Auditors should be
appropriately trained, should have relevant experience and should not be responsible
for the area being audited.

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 When a failure in the system (a non-conformance) is recorded, it is the auditor’s
responsibility to suggest a way of correcting the fault and preventing it from
happening again. Document these suggestions and obtain agreement from the
person responsible for the area being audited.

Reviews
In addition to detailed internal audits of specific areas and procedures, you should also
subject the whole EMS to overall management review.

A management review allows senior management to consider the effectiveness of the

EMS. Minute the discussion and its conclusions, and make sure that agreed actions are
implemented. The management review should discuss:

■ progress in achieving objectives and targets;

■ compliance with legislation;

■ audit reports;

■ reports on action in connection with non-conformances;

■ new processes and any changes to known environmental issues;

■ new legislation;

■ new customer requirements;

■ the need for any revisions to the environmental policy, objectives and targets.

What to do next
Implementing an EMS will help your company to reduce costs and improve its
environmental performance. Regardless of whether your company intends to seek
external certification for the system, you can make a start by writing an action plan
for your company like the one shown in Table 6. This guide describes how many of
these actions can be carried out in the printing industry.

Other useful Envirowise publications

A selection of useful forms and checklists that are relevant to the printing sector can be
found in:

■ Environmental management systems for the furniture industry (GG338)

Other publications that may also include some relevant information are:

■ How to develop an environmental policy: a guide for small printing

companies (EN322)

■ Setting up an environmental management system in the food and

drink industry (GG344)

■ Environmental management systems workbook for engineering

manufacturers (GG205)

These and other Envirowise publications are available free of charge through the
Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 or via the Envirowise website
(www.envirowise.gov.uk).

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Table 6 Action plan for continual environmental improvement

ACTIONS FOR ALL SITES

Contact the Environment and Energy Helpline on 0800 585794 or
visit the website at www.envirowise.gov.uk to order relevant
publications and ask for a counselling visit.
Obtain senior management commitment.
Appoint an EMS team.
Agree budgets, resources, timescale and type of EMS with senior
management.
Run EMS training sessions for the company, site or different
departments. (Maintain records of all environmental training.)
Contact the Environment and Energy Helpline for advice.
Walk around the site to identify relevant environmental issues.
Develop an environmental policy, using How to develop an
environmental policy: a guide for small printing companies (EN322)
for guidance.
Identify your company’s environmental aspects.
Evaluate the significance of your environmental aspects and draw
up a register of aspects.
Identify relevant legislation and assess compliance with existing
legislation.
Compile a register of legislation, see Environmental management
systems for the furniture industry (GG338).
Set objectives and targets.
Devise an audit programme.
Review progress and, if necessary, revise your policy, objectives and
targets.

ADDITIONAL ACTIONS FOR SITES SEEKING EXTERNAL

CERTIFICATION TO ISO 14001 OR EMAS REGISTRATION
Prepare your Management Manual and written procedures to
deliver operational and document control.
Assign environmental responsibility across the workforce (possibly
using organograms or job descriptions).
If your EMS is to be externally certified, seek certification.

An effective environmental management system will improve

your relations with regulators and stakeholders whilst helping
to reduce waste at source and save money.

15
Envirowise - Practical Environmental Advice for Business - is a Government programme
that offers free, independent and practical advice to UK businesses to reduce waste at
source and increase profits. It is managed by Momenta, an operating division of AEA
Technology plc, and Technology Transfer and Innovation Ltd.

Envirowise offers a range of free services including:

Free advice from Envirowise experts through the Environment and Energy
Helpline.

A variety of publications that provide up-to-date information on waste

minimisation issues, methods and successes.

Free, on-site waste reviews from Envirowise advisors, called FastTrack visits, that
help businesses identify and realise savings.

Guidance on waste minimisation clubs across the UK that provide a chance for
local companies to meet regularly and share best practices in waste minimisation.

Best practice seminars and practical workshops that offer an ideal way to
examine waste minimisation issues and discuss opportunities and methodologies.

For further information

please contact the
Practical Environmental Advice for Business

Harwell International Business Centre | Didcot | Oxfordshire | OX11 0QJ

Environment
E-mail: helpline@envirowise.gov.uk Internet: www.envirowise.gov.uk
and Energy
This publication was prepared with assistance from Entec UK Ltd. Helpline
© Crown copyright. First published January 2004. Printed on paper containing a minimum of 75% post-consumer waste.
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