Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Chapter 1
Introduction
It’s not new to our knowledge that every individual is unique and special in their own
way. We differ from each other in many aspects, such as the fingerprint, distinct
personalities, and the way we respond to certain phenomena. We all think differently,
therefore, it is not odd for us to resolve things dissimilarly and come up with diverse ideas to
cope up with certain situations. Just like in studying, not every student has the same study
habit that helps them to achieve academic success. Learning is a very important personal
matter and there isn’t one study habit that works for every situation and student.
In life, it is viewed that being able to graduate in college ensures a good future. To
support this statement, the National Center for Education Statistics indicated that the
1
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
employment rate of those who graduated in college is higher compared to those who didn’t
finish their studies. It is also said that people with higher educational attainment earned 66
percent higher median earnings compared with those who only had a high school diploma or
equivalent, a pattern that has been consistent for 14 years. Although success and employment
aren’t exactly synonymous, they somehow influence each other significantly. The meaning
of success may vary from one person to another, but being employed has its own advantages
that can increase the odds of obtaining success. Not only does employment can contribute to
the economic growth, it is also good for our health and wellbeing. It contributes to happiness,
Successful people like Chad Hurley, the co-founder of YouTube, Larry Page,
founder of Google, and Henry Sy, who was the owner of ShoeMart or most commonly
known as “SM”, all holds a degree in college. Their achievements were all made possible
with their own hard work and the applied knowledge that they have learned from school. It is
said that the study habits of successful people mostly include reviewing notes, schoolwork,
and other class materials over the weekend, taking great notes, establishing your own study
zone and taking advantage of study groups effectively. With these, people can be highly
On the other hand, bad study habit includes procrastination, studying at the wrong
place, turning on distractions, and studying the night before exams. Although there are many
people who graduated from college that are successful, there are also entrepreneurs who
2
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
dropped out of school but still managed to become successful. Some of these notable persons
are Bill Gates, the Microsoft founder and the most successful college dropout in the world,
Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, that is considered as the most widely used social
media app, and Jack Dorsey, the co-founder and CEO of two of the most buzzed startups in
recent history, Twitter and Square. That’s why some people think that we don’t necessarily
need education just to succeed, sometimes, one’s hard work is enough to be on top of the
world. They immediately dismiss the thought of doing well in their studies or worse,
attending to school.
Education is one of the most important things an individual must have. As defined, it
2017). People shouldn’t forget this and ignore the fact that education is one of the keys to
success. Not everyone can be as lucky as Bill Gates, who didn’t finish his studies but still
managed to be called as one of the richest people in the world. A person would have to live
in life full of uncertainties, if he happens to be in this kind of situation. Unlike when you
have a good academic performance and the determination to be able to graduate, one can
Students need to understand the importance of education first so that they can learn
how to improve their academic performance and maintain their grades. Academic
3
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
graduation rates and results from standardized tests. Academic performance is a complex
process that is influenced by several factors, such as study habits. Study habit is different
individual behavior in relation to studying and is a combination of study method and skill. In
other words, study habits include behaviors and skills that can increase motivation and
convert the study into an effective process with high returns, which ultimately increases the
learning.
It is important for us to develop the best study habit that can benefit us in most
possible way. In that way, acing every examination and maintaining good grades wouldn’t be
too bothersome and hard for us, students. Study habits are in fact the gateway to success and
differ from person to person. They are essential for acquiring good grades and are useful for
La Verdad Christian School is known for providing free high quality education for
students who are competent enough to excel in any academic-related activities. Due to this
perspective, it is never easy for them to study in this school because there is a required grade
4
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
that they have to acquire in order to maintain their scholarship status. With this, students
come up with different methods and study habits in order to get good grades.
Some students like to scan their notes every day so that they can always be prepared
and ready for any unexpected circumstances. Most students also like to study in quiet places
to avoid any distractions that have a negative influence on study time and quality of learning.
When midterms and exams roll around, lack of time seems to be a common theme. During
the term, student responsibilities, tasks and social activities often take priority, which leaves
With this, student needs to master and learn how to manage their time properly,
which is an important skill that is essential for every student, explicitly the senior high
Science and Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) students. The extent to which a
student excels or performs in his or her studies depends on the kind of study habits he or she
develops and uses to a very large extent. A student who develops and utilizes good study
habits is likely to perform better in his studies when compared with the one who has bad
study habits. Thus, study habit is very instrumental to the academic success of every student
at all levels.
Not every student has the same style of studying. Sometimes, it is hard for them to
know which study habit best works with them – a particular study habit that can help them in
5
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
This study sought to ascertain relationship between study habits and the senior high
This study also wants to address the increasing importance of the student’s academic
achievement measured by average grades, through examining study habits of students in its
relation.
By encouraging proper study habits through the use of both the internet and their
peers, students can practice these habits in a comfortable and engaging atmosphere thus
improving their efficiency in learning and allowing for the development of academically
excellent students. It is important to know the relationship between a good study habit and its
one’s performance.
This study aims to determine the effects of study habits towards the academic
performance of selected senior high students namely the science, technology, engineering,
and mathematics (STEM) students. This also ought to provide some recommendations on
6
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
how to improve one’s academic performance. Specifically, this will answer the following
questions:
1.1 Name
1.2 Sex
1.3 Age
2. What is the description of the study habits of STEM students in terms of the
following:
grade?
7
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
students?
6.1 What is the nature of relationship between student’s study habits and
academic performance?
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on different theories regarding the effects of study habits to
academic performance.
Walberg’s Theory of Academic Achievement. Herbert Walberg (1981) posits that the
surrounding them influence the cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal academic outcomes.
Under the said theory, Walberg identifies nine (9) key variables that influence the academic
results such as student ability, motivation, age, quantity and quality of instruction, and peer
group.
Kolb's learning styles model and experiential learning theory (ELT). Kolb states that
learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range
8
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
of situations. In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the development of new concepts is provided
by new experiences. Also, he confirms that learning styles differ significantly to different
Self - Determination Theory. Deci and Ryan states that the student himself and the free
factors have a unique part in molding the student’s examination propensity. Self-
determination is innate to an individual and together with the mental needs. This theory
emphasizes on the individual’s motivation and how the outside variables effects on the
individual’s execution.
9
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Conceptual Framework
STUDY HABITS
IN TERMS OF:
PERSON
SEX Time Management
Male ACADEMIC
Female Study Environment
Test/Taking PERFORMANCE
AGE
Preparation Skills
Reading Skills
Writing Skills
Figure 1
Figure 1 shows the effect of study habits in terms of time management, study
environment, test/taking preparation skills, note taking skills, and reading skills in studying
towards the academic performance of the students which vary depending on their age and
sex.
10
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
The scope of this study is to determine the effects study habits towards the academic
strand students of La Verdad Christian School, Inc. of the Academic Year 2019-2020. This
includes finding the academic performance of the students and their respective study habits.
Hence, the data that will be used is merely based on the result of the tallied answers on the
The selected school to conduct this study is La Verdad Christian School, Inc. which is
institution that offers free education to the poor but deserving students and holds itself in
teaching students develop upright and biblical principles. The institution instills camaraderie
In addition, the study is delimited to the STEM strand with a total number of 215
students. This study is delimited on identifying students’ study habits and academic
performance.
Further, the research aims to become a reliable source of information regarding the
study habits and academic performance. In its entirety, this study shall greatly benefit every
11
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
The essence of this study is to determine the effects of the study habits towards
academic performance of those with honor and without honor STEM students of La Verdad
Christian School, A.Y.2019-2020. This research study will also determine the relationship
between the two. The result of this study will be beneficial to:
RESPONDENTS. Through this study, STEM students can gain awareness and better
understanding about the importance and relationship between study habit and academic
performance. In the same way, it gives the a more focused and precise perspective on how
STUDENTS. Through this study, a student will gain insights about the effect of a good study
habit to the academic performance. They will gain knowledge that good study habits have a
SCHOOL. Having knowledge about the importance of study habits to the academic
performance of the students, they can conduct seminars to encourage students to have a good
12
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
FUTURE RESEARCHERS. They can make use of the information presented in this
research paper as a guide and reference. Some of their questions may possibly be answered
by this study
Definition of Terms
The following terms are conceptually and operationally defined for easy
understanding:
Academic Status refers to the academic standing of the student in school which
successfully.
school or a university.
Good study habits refers to habits that include approaching study with the right
attitude, choosing the right environment, minimizing distractions, setting a realistic schedule,
13
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
GPA refers to Grade Point Average or the Average Grade which is a standard way of
Study Environment means the physical, psychological and social circumstances that
are of significance for the students’ well – being and how they function in their study
situation.
Study Habits refers to the behaviors used when preparing for tests
Time Management means the ability to use one’s time effectively or productively,
especially at work.
14
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
CHAPTER 2
This chapter deals with the review of related literature and contains information
gathered from books and other periodicals, online sources and varied unpublished materials
that provided the researchers with necessary background knowledge to follow the study.
Study skills are usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other
resources to complete an academic task successfully. Ozsoy, Memis, and Tamur (2009)
stated that ‘Study habit’ is the amount and kinds of study routines which the student used
during a regular period of study occurred in an environment. In literature, study skills are
usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other resources to complete an
academic task successfully. The student’s approach to learning is highly individualistic with
knowledge”. Study habit means a fixed routine behavior imbibed by an individual to learn
15
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
(Yadav, Ansari, Savant, 2000, p 914). According to Good’s dictionary of education, “Study
habit is the tendency of pupil to study when the opportunities are given, the pupil’s way of
Crede and Kuncel (2008) declared study habit as study routines, including, but not
Study habits evoke and guide one’s cognitive process during learning and it plays a
very crucial role in the academic performance of students. In view of this, some researchers
(Bernard, 1990; Kendler, 1995; Onotsa & Okpala, 1985) have shown that students’ academic
performance is the product of inter-play factors like good and effective study habits and
skills, teachers’ relationship with students and facilitative school and home environment.
Asaqwara (1994) said that a good study habit means overcoming all the disturbing
surroundings that can affect you negatively such as watching movies while studying, noise,
reading other books, discussions and the state of mind of the learner. Mazuar (2002),
Asaqwara (1994) and Theanacho (2002) further stressed the effect of bad study habits and
postulated that bad study habits make studies rigorous and painful. Among other drawbacks
in the system of education, the study habits of students play a vital role in reflecting the
standard of education and the student’s individual performance. Sorenson (1991) while
outlining the good basic study habits stated that one must study with the primary intention of
16
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
understanding. This requires one not to hurry in getting through, instead sustained
concentration is necessary. Crow and Crow (1992) opined that effective habits of study
include plan and place, a definite time table and taking brief of well-organized notes. While
according to Patel (1976), study habits include home environment and planning of work,
reading and note-taking habits, planning of subjects, habits of concentration, preparation for
Effective study habits result in positive learning outcomes while defective study
habits result in poor learning outcomes (Ezewu, 1987). Azikiwe (1998, p. 106) on the other
hand, sees study habits as “the adopted way and manner a student plans his private readings,
after classroom learning so as to master the subject. According to him, good study habits are
“good asset to learners because they assist students to attain mastery in areas of specialization
and consequent excellent performance, while the opposite constraints to learning and
learn, whereas the teachers’ task is to facilitate the learning process and help students
develop study habits and right attitude towards learning. For study to be effective, Freeman
and Morss (1993) has observed that it should be regular, intense and should cover long
periods.
17
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
perceptual capacities.” (Yadav, Ansari, Savant 2000 p 914). There is a need, to guide the
students about meaningful learning so that they are able to memorize things in a better way.
Students improve their performance because they can learn most of the concepts clearly
through proper study habits. A student must know learning method and study habits, which
help him to achieve the goals of education. Learning through good study habits is the key
process in human behavior. Parents and teachers always show concern for learning of the
child because learning through good study habits influences our language, our skills,
Students in their childhood have more interest and self-discipline in everything and if
parents and teachers invest them good study habits, it will be useful in future studies.
According to Kemjika (1998), to develop good study habits among students, he/she must
prepare a plan of action and budget his/her time properly for a day and a week as well first.
Second, he/she must give more time for studying difficult subjects in the time schedule and
concentration. Third, while studying, hold the book at an angle and about 25 cm distance.
Breaking the whole material into small paragraphs and practice summarizing each paragraph
quickly in the mind is also helpful. Fourth, develop the attitude of questioning yourself and
others about the point that you have read. For rechecking, it is better to underline the
18
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
important points, topics and questions. Lastly, memorize the formula, principles, symbols
and other rules that are needed again and again. “Learning involves the development of
proper study habits and skills. The problem of study habits is one of the universe important
problems both from theoretical and practical point of view. Theoretically, efficient learning
depends upon the development of efficient study habits and skills.” (Nadeem, Puja, Bhat,
2014, p91)
Effective study habits are conditions in which the students study habitually to reach
the maximum success of their academic in the school work. There are many kinds of
effective study habits that found by researcher in the previous study. From another research,
there are ten steps toward effective study habits for students that have been modified to be
nine steps of effective study habits. One is the positive/right mindset of the students towards
study, being in the right mindset is important in order to study smarter. Second is the ideal
place of study where students can concentrate on learning. Another one is the availability of
the things you need for the class and a standard outline format for taking note. Also, using
memory games for remembering pieces of information using a simple association of common
words. Using more of your brain means better memory. Practicing and testing yourself for
better understanding is also one of the stepping stone for achieving a good and effective
study habits. The eighth and ninth are organizing the regular schedule study time and keeping
19
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
a balance in studying. Lastly, try to know what the expectations are for the class of various
In addition, there are eight dimensions to construct good study habits of students;
home environment and planning of work, reading and note taking, planning of subjects,
concentration, preparation of the exam, habits and interest, school environment, and total
study habits. Good study habits are called the effective study habits, because good study
habits have significant effect to student’s academic achievement in their learning process.
strategies for achieving student’s academic success. Based on the previous research, there
were seven components that is included in study habit that are discussed in this section based
on Patel. The first component is the Home Environment and Planning of Work. Home
environment gives the important effect to students’ habit when they choose for studying at
home to review the school material or to prepare material for the next lesson. Beside of home
support their children in improving study habit with purpose in reaching their children’s
achievement.
20
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Next is Reading and Note Taking. Reading is one of English skill that someone
makes meaning of written symbols on a page of paper. About the purpose of reading based
on this article, there are some kinds of reading; reading for enjoyment or interest, reading for
studying purposes, and reading just for decoding signs on page. Reading can make someone
felt boring when they focus on long written and do not catch the point of information.
Therefore, there are some techniques to make your reading effectively and one of these is
SQ3R technique which include five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.
The third component is Planning of Subjects. Learning some subjects was felt easier
or not for students when they should be learnt in their home lonely depended on their
achievement. Students with high achievement will be more easy to learn their school material
when study alone. On the contrary, the students with underachievement will be difficult to
learn their school material with learning by themselves when they implement their study
habits at home. Therefore to help the students easy when they disliked their subject, there are
three methods can be applied by students. One of these is the Premack Principle. It is when
you dislike enjoying study overall the school material, you should be have any way to reward
yourself for studying deeper the subject. This principle was not ask you as the learner to skip
the material to be learnt, but how you could learn the difficult material based on your
one that offers the aspiration outcome in the students’ learning process. Another one is
21
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
preparing examination for students that enclose the real test can compose them depressive
and concern reaction. The depressive and concern from students when preparing English
examination can be managed by good organizing student’s study style to review the subject
materials that accomplished in the paper question. By applying the good strategy in
preparation of examination, the students are more prepared to answer the question of
examination and their result of examination can get the maximum score.
Finally, habits and attitudes of students are importance part of study toward students’
achievement. As their definition, habit is some patterns of behavior that adopted by students
to serve their learning. Attitude is students’ attitude toward act of studying and students’
acceptation and approval of broader goals of college education. So habits and attitude are
needed for students to increase their learning style for achieving their academic success.
From the previous research, we can find that habits and attitude has relation to students’
learning with purpose for reaching their academic achievement when they really arrange their
study in effective study. In addition, by applying the components of study habits in learning
process, students can increase their achievement. Therefore total study habits are important
applied by students in their learning. Because there was many research that shown the
readers, total study habits has relation to improve student’s academic achievement that hold
22
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using
(https://ballotpedia.org/Academic_performance)
student meets standard set out by the local government and the institution itself. Aniagyei
(2004, p.6) posits that, “many parents and guardians tend to exploit their children in income
generating activities to the extent that instead of sending them to school, they send them to
farm to convey cocoa during harvest seasons.” Such treatments are the major contributory
factors leading to low performance in schools. Aniagyei further points out that these children,
when they reach school are unable to put in their best due to tardiness, because they get dull
performance. A student’s progress of failure in the classroom depends upon several factors
namely; interest in the subject, study facilities, own study habits and so on. In Wrenn’s
23
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
(1993) first study habits inventory, the items were based on the respondents of the high
achieving and low achieving students who were matched with regard to their intelligence and
major fields of study. Cuff (1937) used a questionnaire to survey the study habits of grades 4
to 12 students. Wrenn and Humber (1942) showed that the study habits are associated with
scholastic performance. Statistically significant differences were reported between the study
habits of the most successful and least successful students between the bright and the dull
students. Carter (1950) in another study conducted two study method tests on 800 Education
Psychology students. He compared the study habit scores with the composite measure of
performance. The correlation ranged from 0.46 to 0.51. Brunette (1951) reported that the
students taking how to study course increased their cumulative grade point averages.
This research which comes from Riaz et al with their journal entitled Relationship of
Study Habits with Educational Achievement that focuses on economics students in Pakistan,
the result of this study explain that there is a positive relationship between study habit and
achievements of students for some dimensions of study habits that observe in their area of
study. This study shows evident result that study habits can improve student’s achievement
when they apply study habits effectively in their learning habits. Another research entitled
Study Habits and Academic Achievement in Core Subjects among Junior Secondary School
24
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Students in Ondo State, Nigeria shows the relation of study habits and students’ academic
achievement in their learning. The Study habits’ dimension that are used in this research are
homework and assignment, time allocation, reading and note-taking, study period
procedures, concentration, written work, examination and teacher consultation. The result of
this research shows that there was a different impact on the study habits of students to their
academic performance for different school subjects. Previous research entitled Study Habits
focuses on the relation between the study habits’ dimensions and students’ academic
achievement at the government school of Banaskantha in Gujarat. From this research study,
the researcher shows that each dimensions of study habits that is applied by students at the
government school in Gujarat has different relation with academic achievement success of
students based on the collected data. There are some points from the research to support a
good study habits in students’ learning; parent’s role is important to guide their children to
develop their study habits, teacher’s role to control their students’ study habits by asking
them to record their progress and teacher should create a conducive environment in the
classroom to make their students excited and active when they they are teaching the students.
Therefore to reach students’ achievement, there should be good arrangement of study habits
in students’ learning.
Success by applying study habit is affected by some cases that comes from their
environment. Based on the article entitled “Comparison of Study Habits and Academic
Performance of Pakistani British and White British Students”, the research shows the
25
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
comparison about the study habits of Pakistani British as foreign students and White British
as local students to their academic performance from four multiethnic school of England,
United Kingdom. This study shows that the foreign students have lower academic
performance than native students. This result of research is caused by some factors that
influenced the study habits of foreign students that can affect their academic performance.
and their study habits are some factors that influence foreign students’ achievement when
learning in the odd place. Moreover, the location of learning can influence students’
achievement when they applied their study habits. In addition, an article entitled “Study
Habits of Tenth Grade Students in Relation to their Academic Achievement”, that focuses on
comparing female and male students at rural and urban area about their study habits to reach
their academic achievement. From this research, the researcher concluded that there was not
significant effect to their academic performance and study habits based on students’ sex. In
conclusion, students with good study habits have better academic performance than those
26
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
CHAPTER 3
This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology of the study, the
subject, the sampling technique, research instrument, and procedure of data gathering.
Research Design
In order to determine the effects of study habits towards the academic performance of
correlation research design was employed in this study. The descriptive design was utilized
to describe the current level of study habits of the respondents, as well as the level of their
academic performance. While, the correlation study is to ascertain the existence of the
27
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Purposive sampling technique is utilized for the selection of the respondents in this
study. In this method, researchers can deliberately choose the respondents due to the quality
that respondents possess. It is ideal for the researchers to use this sampling because they wish
population of STEM students as their sample size. Thus, the study involved two hundred
seven (207) STEM students enrolled in La Verdad Christian School, Inc. A.Y. 2019-2020.
Table 1
Description of Respondents
28
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Table 1 described the respondents according to section and gender. Total sample of
207 out of total population of 215 was gathered. The table revealed that majority of the
respondents were female with 107 total sample while male respondents is 100 samples.
Majority of the respondents came from 12 STEM B with 27 male and 20 female respondents.
It was followed by 11 STEM B with a total of 44 having 23 males and 21 females. Next in
line was 12 STEM C with 43 samples; while 11 STEM A and 12 STEM A have 37 and 36
samples respectively.
Data Collection
Prior to conducting this study, the researchers received the consent and permission to
conduct this study. Data related to the respondents’ study habits are collected from the Study
Division. Questionnaires are administered to 207 students of STEM and will be hand over
individually to the respondents. It will be retrieved in the same manner as the respondents
finished answering the questionnaire. The researchers will stay and observe the respondents
as they answer the questionnaire to provide assistance. As well as to ensure that there will be
no errors on the answers and to avoid unnecessary interaction between the respondents that
29
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
Research Instruments
The questionnaire that was used in this study is Study Habits Questionnaire from
as follows: time management, study environment, exam preparation and test taking skills,
note-taking skills, reading skills and writing skills. A likert scale of 1-4 of (A) Always, (G)
Generally, (S) Sometimes and (R) Rarely was used to measure the responses of the students.
Rubrics for the Level of Study Habits of the Respondents (Bantique, Alamil, 2014).
Ranges Interpretation
42-32 Great
31-20 Ok
19-below Poor
While, the questionnaire used to collect data regarding the factors affecting the
30
LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL
The data gathered from the respondents on the Study Habits Questionnaire was
analyzed using Pearson r, where r refers to Pearson correlation coefficient that ranges
between +1 to -1. Pearson r measures the degree of association between the two variables.
Positive value indicates positive correlation or direct association, hence negative values
Additionally, the data acquired from Study Habits Questionnaire and respondents’
GPA were treated using weighted mean as well. It is to have a quantitative description on the
GPA Interpretation
1.00-1.50 Outstanding
2.01-3.00 Satisfactory
31