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LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Chapter 1

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter includes the introduction, background, framework of the study,

statement of the problem, significance, and scope and limitation.

Introduction

It’s not new to our knowledge that every individual is unique and special in their own

way. We differ from each other in many aspects, such as the fingerprint, distinct

personalities, and the way we respond to certain phenomena. We all think differently,

therefore, it is not odd for us to resolve things dissimilarly and come up with diverse ideas to

cope up with certain situations. Just like in studying, not every student has the same study

habit that helps them to achieve academic success. Learning is a very important personal

matter and there isn’t one study habit that works for every situation and student.

In life, it is viewed that being able to graduate in college ensures a good future. To

support this statement, the National Center for Education Statistics indicated that the

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employment rate of those who graduated in college is higher compared to those who didn’t

finish their studies. It is also said that people with higher educational attainment earned 66

percent higher median earnings compared with those who only had a high school diploma or

equivalent, a pattern that has been consistent for 14 years. Although success and employment

aren’t exactly synonymous, they somehow influence each other significantly. The meaning

of success may vary from one person to another, but being employed has its own advantages

that can increase the odds of obtaining success. Not only does employment can contribute to

the economic growth, it is also good for our health and wellbeing. It contributes to happiness,

helps us to build confidence and self-esteem, and reward us financially.

Successful people like Chad Hurley, the co-founder of YouTube, Larry Page,

founder of Google, and Henry Sy, who was the owner of ShoeMart or most commonly

known as “SM”, all holds a degree in college. Their achievements were all made possible

with their own hard work and the applied knowledge that they have learned from school. It is

said that the study habits of successful people mostly include reviewing notes, schoolwork,

and other class materials over the weekend, taking great notes, establishing your own study

zone and taking advantage of study groups effectively. With these, people can be highly

effective as a student and productive.

On the other hand, bad study habit includes procrastination, studying at the wrong

place, turning on distractions, and studying the night before exams. Although there are many

people who graduated from college that are successful, there are also entrepreneurs who

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dropped out of school but still managed to become successful. Some of these notable persons

are Bill Gates, the Microsoft founder and the most successful college dropout in the world,

Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, that is considered as the most widely used social

media app, and Jack Dorsey, the co-founder and CEO of two of the most buzzed startups in

recent history, Twitter and Square. That’s why some people think that we don’t necessarily

need education just to succeed, sometimes, one’s hard work is enough to be on top of the

world. They immediately dismiss the thought of doing well in their studies or worse,

attending to school.

Education is one of the most important things an individual must have. As defined, it

is the knowledge and development resulting from an educational process (Merriam-Webster,

2017). People shouldn’t forget this and ignore the fact that education is one of the keys to

success. Not everyone can be as lucky as Bill Gates, who didn’t finish his studies but still

managed to be called as one of the richest people in the world. A person would have to live

in life full of uncertainties, if he happens to be in this kind of situation. Unlike when you

have a good academic performance and the determination to be able to graduate, one can

open so many doors and endless opportunities ahead.

Students need to understand the importance of education first so that they can learn

how to improve their academic performance and maintain their grades. Academic

performance is the measurement of student’s achievement across various academic subjects.

It is typically measured by teachers and education officials by using classroom performance,

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graduation rates and results from standardized tests. Academic performance is a complex

process that is influenced by several factors, such as study habits. Study habit is different

individual behavior in relation to studying and is a combination of study method and skill. In

other words, study habits include behaviors and skills that can increase motivation and

convert the study into an effective process with high returns, which ultimately increases the

learning.

It is important for us to develop the best study habit that can benefit us in most

possible way. In that way, acing every examination and maintaining good grades wouldn’t be

too bothersome and hard for us, students. Study habits are in fact the gateway to success and

differ from person to person. They are essential for acquiring good grades and are useful for

learning throughout one’s life.

Background of the Study

La Verdad Christian School is known for providing free high quality education for

students who are competent enough to excel in any academic-related activities. Due to this

perspective, it is never easy for them to study in this school because there is a required grade

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that they have to acquire in order to maintain their scholarship status. With this, students

come up with different methods and study habits in order to get good grades.

Some students like to scan their notes every day so that they can always be prepared

and ready for any unexpected circumstances. Most students also like to study in quiet places

to avoid any distractions that have a negative influence on study time and quality of learning.

When midterms and exams roll around, lack of time seems to be a common theme. During

the term, student responsibilities, tasks and social activities often take priority, which leaves

some students with just a few hours to study before an exam.

With this, student needs to master and learn how to manage their time properly,

which is an important skill that is essential for every student, explicitly the senior high

Science and Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) students. The extent to which a

student excels or performs in his or her studies depends on the kind of study habits he or she

develops and uses to a very large extent. A student who develops and utilizes good study

habits is likely to perform better in his studies when compared with the one who has bad

study habits. Thus, study habit is very instrumental to the academic success of every student

at all levels.

Not every student has the same style of studying. Sometimes, it is hard for them to

know which study habit best works with them – a particular study habit that can help them in

acquiring good academic performance.

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This study sought to ascertain relationship between study habits and the senior high

school students’ academic performance of La Verdad Christian School, A.Y. 2019-2020.

This study also wants to address the increasing importance of the student’s academic

achievement measured by average grades, through examining study habits of students in its

relation.

By encouraging proper study habits through the use of both the internet and their

peers, students can practice these habits in a comfortable and engaging atmosphere thus

improving their efficiency in learning and allowing for the development of academically

excellent students. It is important to know the relationship between a good study habit and its

respective academic performance to provide some recommendations on how to improve

one’s performance.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of study habits towards the academic

performance of selected senior high students namely the science, technology, engineering,

and mathematics (STEM) students. This also ought to provide some recommendations on

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how to improve one’s academic performance. Specifically, this will answer the following

questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 Name

1.2 Sex

1.3 Age

1.4 Year and section

1.5 Average Grade

2. What is the description of the study habits of STEM students in terms of the

following:

2.1 Time Management

2.2 Study Environment

2.3 Test/Taking Preparation Skills

2.4 Note Taking Skills

2.5 Reading Skills

2.6 Writing Skills

3. What is the level of the study habits of STEM students?

4. What dimension of the STEM student’s study habits is significantly manifested?

5. What is the level of academic performance of STEM students in terms of their

grade?

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6. Do study habits have a significant effect on the academic performance of STEM

students?

6.1 What is the nature of relationship between student’s study habits and

academic performance?

Theoretical Framework

This study was anchored on different theories regarding the effects of study habits to

academic performance.

Walberg’s Theory of Academic Achievement. Herbert Walberg (1981) posits that the

psychological characteristics of individual students and the psychological environments

surrounding them influence the cognitive, behavioral, and attitudinal academic outcomes.

Under the said theory, Walberg identifies nine (9) key variables that influence the academic

results such as student ability, motivation, age, quantity and quality of instruction, and peer

group.

Kolb's learning styles model and experiential learning theory (ELT). Kolb states that

learning involves the acquisition of abstract concepts that can be applied flexibly in a range

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of situations. In Kolb’s theory, the impetus for the development of new concepts is provided

by new experiences. Also, he confirms that learning styles differ significantly to different

professional and technical fields of specialization. An individual tends to choose degree

courses where the learning environment nurtures their learning styles.

Self - Determination Theory. Deci and Ryan states that the student himself and the free

factors have a unique part in molding the student’s examination propensity. Self-

determination is innate to an individual and together with the mental needs. This theory

emphasizes on the individual’s motivation and how the outside variables effects on the

individual’s execution.

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Conceptual Framework

STUDY HABITS
IN TERMS OF:
PERSON
SEX  Time Management
 Male ACADEMIC
 Female  Study Environment

 Test/Taking PERFORMANCE
AGE
Preparation Skills

 Note Taking Skills

 Reading Skills

 Writing Skills

Figure 1

Paradigm of the Study

Figure 1 shows the effect of study habits in terms of time management, study

environment, test/taking preparation skills, note taking skills, and reading skills in studying

towards the academic performance of the students which vary depending on their age and

sex.

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Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of this study is to determine the effects study habits towards the academic

performance of fully-enrolled Science and Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM)

strand students of La Verdad Christian School, Inc. of the Academic Year 2019-2020. This

includes finding the academic performance of the students and their respective study habits.

Hence, the data that will be used is merely based on the result of the tallied answers on the

questionnaire provided to the respondents by the researchers.

The selected school to conduct this study is La Verdad Christian School, Inc. which is

a private school located at McArthur Highway Sampaloc, Apalit, Pampanga. It is is an

institution that offers free education to the poor but deserving students and holds itself in

teaching students develop upright and biblical principles. The institution instills camaraderie

among its students through various school activities.

In addition, the study is delimited to the STEM strand with a total number of 215

students. This study is delimited on identifying students’ study habits and academic

performance.

Further, the research aims to become a reliable source of information regarding the

study habits and academic performance. In its entirety, this study shall greatly benefit every

student with concerns on their academic status.

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Significance of the Study

The essence of this study is to determine the effects of the study habits towards

academic performance of those with honor and without honor STEM students of La Verdad

Christian School, A.Y.2019-2020. This research study will also determine the relationship

between the two. The result of this study will be beneficial to:

RESPONDENTS. Through this study, STEM students can gain awareness and better

understanding about the importance and relationship between study habit and academic

performance. In the same way, it gives the a more focused and precise perspective on how

specific behaviors related to their studies influenced study habits.

STUDENTS. Through this study, a student will gain insights about the effect of a good study

habit to the academic performance. They will gain knowledge that good study habits have a

good effect on their academic performance.

SCHOOL. Having knowledge about the importance of study habits to the academic

performance of the students, they can conduct seminars to encourage students to have a good

study habit in order to have a good academic performance.

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FUTURE RESEARCHERS. They can make use of the information presented in this

research paper as a guide and reference. Some of their questions may possibly be answered

by this study

Definition of Terms

The following terms are conceptually and operationally defined for easy

understanding:

Academic Performance refers to the extent to which a student, teacher or institution

has attained their short or long – term educational goals.

Academic Status refers to the academic standing of the student in school which

depends on his or her average grade.

Competent means having the necessary ability, knowledge, or skill to do something

successfully.

Education is the process of receiving or giving systematic instruction, especially at a

school or a university.

Good study habits refers to habits that include approaching study with the right

attitude, choosing the right environment, minimizing distractions, setting a realistic schedule,

and employing memory games, among others.

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GPA refers to Grade Point Average or the Average Grade which is a standard way of

measuring academic achievement in the U.S.

Procrastination refers to the action of delaying or postponing something.

Study Environment means the physical, psychological and social circumstances that

are of significance for the students’ well – being and how they function in their study

situation.

Study Habits refers to the behaviors used when preparing for tests

or learning academic material.

Time Management means the ability to use one’s time effectively or productively,

especially at work.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

This chapter deals with the review of related literature and contains information

gathered from books and other periodicals, online sources and varied unpublished materials

that provided the researchers with necessary background knowledge to follow the study.

Meaning and Concept of Study Habits

Study skills are usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other

resources to complete an academic task successfully. Ozsoy, Memis, and Tamur (2009)

stated that ‘Study habit’ is the amount and kinds of study routines which the student used

during a regular period of study occurred in an environment. In literature, study skills are

usually defined as students’ ability to manage time and other resources to complete an

academic task successfully. The student’s approach to learning is highly individualistic with

a wide variation of technique observable.

The Learner’s Dictionary has defined study as a “Mental effort to obtain

knowledge”. Study habit means a fixed routine behavior imbibed by an individual to learn

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(Yadav, Ansari, Savant, 2000, p 914). According to Good’s dictionary of education, “Study

habit is the tendency of pupil to study when the opportunities are given, the pupil’s way of

studying whether systematic or unsystematic, efficient or inefficient.”

Crede and Kuncel (2008) declared study habit as study routines, including, but not

restricted to, frequency of studying sessions, review of material, self-testing, rehearsal of

learned material, and studying in a facilitative environment.

Study habits evoke and guide one’s cognitive process during learning and it plays a

very crucial role in the academic performance of students. In view of this, some researchers

(Bernard, 1990; Kendler, 1995; Onotsa & Okpala, 1985) have shown that students’ academic

performance is the product of inter-play factors like good and effective study habits and

skills, teachers’ relationship with students and facilitative school and home environment.

Asaqwara (1994) said that a good study habit means overcoming all the disturbing

surroundings that can affect you negatively such as watching movies while studying, noise,

reading other books, discussions and the state of mind of the learner. Mazuar (2002),

Asaqwara (1994) and Theanacho (2002) further stressed the effect of bad study habits and

postulated that bad study habits make studies rigorous and painful. Among other drawbacks

in the system of education, the study habits of students play a vital role in reflecting the

standard of education and the student’s individual performance. Sorenson (1991) while

outlining the good basic study habits stated that one must study with the primary intention of

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understanding. This requires one not to hurry in getting through, instead sustained

concentration is necessary. Crow and Crow (1992) opined that effective habits of study

include plan and place, a definite time table and taking brief of well-organized notes. While

according to Patel (1976), study habits include home environment and planning of work,

reading and note-taking habits, planning of subjects, habits of concentration, preparation for

examination, general habits and attitudes, and school environment.

Effective study habits result in positive learning outcomes while defective study

habits result in poor learning outcomes (Ezewu, 1987). Azikiwe (1998, p. 106) on the other

hand, sees study habits as “the adopted way and manner a student plans his private readings,

after classroom learning so as to master the subject. According to him, good study habits are

“good asset to learners because they assist students to attain mastery in areas of specialization

and consequent excellent performance, while the opposite constraints to learning and

performance leading to failure”. The main purpose of instruction is to enable students to

learn, whereas the teachers’ task is to facilitate the learning process and help students

develop study habits and right attitude towards learning. For study to be effective, Freeman

and Morss (1993) has observed that it should be regular, intense and should cover long

periods.

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Study Habits of Students and their Significance

“Study habits contribute significantly in the development of knowledge and

perceptual capacities.” (Yadav, Ansari, Savant 2000 p 914). There is a need, to guide the

students about meaningful learning so that they are able to memorize things in a better way.

Students improve their performance because they can learn most of the concepts clearly

through proper study habits. A student must know learning method and study habits, which

help him to achieve the goals of education. Learning through good study habits is the key

process in human behavior. Parents and teachers always show concern for learning of the

child because learning through good study habits influences our language, our skills,

attitudes, interests and even our goals.

Students in their childhood have more interest and self-discipline in everything and if

parents and teachers invest them good study habits, it will be useful in future studies.

According to Kemjika (1998), to develop good study habits among students, he/she must

prepare a plan of action and budget his/her time properly for a day and a week as well first.

Second, he/she must give more time for studying difficult subjects in the time schedule and

follow it as sincerely. Favorable environment is suggested because it gives good

concentration. Third, while studying, hold the book at an angle and about 25 cm distance.

Breaking the whole material into small paragraphs and practice summarizing each paragraph

quickly in the mind is also helpful. Fourth, develop the attitude of questioning yourself and

others about the point that you have read. For rechecking, it is better to underline the

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important points, topics and questions. Lastly, memorize the formula, principles, symbols

and other rules that are needed again and again. “Learning involves the development of

proper study habits and skills. The problem of study habits is one of the universe important

problems both from theoretical and practical point of view. Theoretically, efficient learning

depends upon the development of efficient study habits and skills.” (Nadeem, Puja, Bhat,

2014, p91)

Effective Study Habits:

Effective study habits are conditions in which the students study habitually to reach

the maximum success of their academic in the school work. There are many kinds of

effective study habits that found by researcher in the previous study. From another research,

there are ten steps toward effective study habits for students that have been modified to be

nine steps of effective study habits. One is the positive/right mindset of the students towards

study, being in the right mindset is important in order to study smarter. Second is the ideal

place of study where students can concentrate on learning. Another one is the availability of

the things you need for the class and a standard outline format for taking note. Also, using

memory games for remembering pieces of information using a simple association of common

words. Using more of your brain means better memory. Practicing and testing yourself for

better understanding is also one of the stepping stone for achieving a good and effective

study habits. The eighth and ninth are organizing the regular schedule study time and keeping

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a balance in studying. Lastly, try to know what the expectations are for the class of various

teachers and professors.

In addition, there are eight dimensions to construct good study habits of students;

home environment and planning of work, reading and note taking, planning of subjects,

concentration, preparation of the exam, habits and interest, school environment, and total

study habits. Good study habits are called the effective study habits, because good study

habits have significant effect to student’s academic achievement in their learning process.

Components of Study Habits

Study habits have some components to be applied by students in their learning

strategies for achieving student’s academic success. Based on the previous research, there

were seven components that is included in study habit that are discussed in this section based

on Patel. The first component is the Home Environment and Planning of Work. Home

environment gives the important effect to students’ habit when they choose for studying at

home to review the school material or to prepare material for the next lesson. Beside of home

environment’ characteristic in study habits, home environment includes on parents’ role to

support their children in improving study habit with purpose in reaching their children’s

achievement.

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Next is Reading and Note Taking. Reading is one of English skill that someone

makes meaning of written symbols on a page of paper. About the purpose of reading based

on this article, there are some kinds of reading; reading for enjoyment or interest, reading for

studying purposes, and reading just for decoding signs on page. Reading can make someone

felt boring when they focus on long written and do not catch the point of information.

Therefore, there are some techniques to make your reading effectively and one of these is

SQ3R technique which include five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review.

The third component is Planning of Subjects. Learning some subjects was felt easier

or not for students when they should be learnt in their home lonely depended on their

achievement. Students with high achievement will be more easy to learn their school material

when study alone. On the contrary, the students with underachievement will be difficult to

learn their school material with learning by themselves when they implement their study

habits at home. Therefore to help the students easy when they disliked their subject, there are

three methods can be applied by students. One of these is the Premack Principle. It is when

you dislike enjoying study overall the school material, you should be have any way to reward

yourself for studying deeper the subject. This principle was not ask you as the learner to skip

the material to be learnt, but how you could learn the difficult material based on your

perception with some motivations to cover it.

Next to Planning the Subjects is Concentration. Concentration is the most important

one that offers the aspiration outcome in the students’ learning process. Another one is

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preparing examination for students that enclose the real test can compose them depressive

and concern reaction. The depressive and concern from students when preparing English

examination can be managed by good organizing student’s study style to review the subject

materials that accomplished in the paper question. By applying the good strategy in

preparation of examination, the students are more prepared to answer the question of

examination and their result of examination can get the maximum score.

Finally, habits and attitudes of students are importance part of study toward students’

achievement. As their definition, habit is some patterns of behavior that adopted by students

to serve their learning. Attitude is students’ attitude toward act of studying and students’

acceptation and approval of broader goals of college education. So habits and attitude are

needed for students to increase their learning style for achieving their academic success.

From the previous research, we can find that habits and attitude has relation to students’

learning with purpose for reaching their academic achievement when they really arrange their

study in effective study. In addition, by applying the components of study habits in learning

process, students can increase their achievement. Therefore total study habits are important

applied by students in their learning. Because there was many research that shown the

readers, total study habits has relation to improve student’s academic achievement that hold

in government and private school research.

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Concept of Academic Performance

Academic performance is the measurement of student achievement across various

academic subjects. Teachers and education officials typically measure achievement using

classroom performance, graduation rates and results from standardized tests.

(https://ballotpedia.org/Academic_performance)

In educational situation, success is measured by academic performance or how well a

student meets standard set out by the local government and the institution itself. Aniagyei

(2004, p.6) posits that, “many parents and guardians tend to exploit their children in income

generating activities to the extent that instead of sending them to school, they send them to

farm to convey cocoa during harvest seasons.” Such treatments are the major contributory

factors leading to low performance in schools. Aniagyei further points out that these children,

when they reach school are unable to put in their best due to tardiness, because they get dull

before they reach school in the morning.

Study Habits Towards Academic Performance of the Students

Individual study habits play a vital role in determining a student’s academic

performance. A student’s progress of failure in the classroom depends upon several factors

namely; interest in the subject, study facilities, own study habits and so on. In Wrenn’s

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(1993) first study habits inventory, the items were based on the respondents of the high

achieving and low achieving students who were matched with regard to their intelligence and

major fields of study. Cuff (1937) used a questionnaire to survey the study habits of grades 4

to 12 students. Wrenn and Humber (1942) showed that the study habits are associated with

scholastic performance. Statistically significant differences were reported between the study

habits of the most successful and least successful students between the bright and the dull

students. Carter (1950) in another study conducted two study method tests on 800 Education

Psychology students. He compared the study habit scores with the composite measure of

performance. The correlation ranged from 0.46 to 0.51. Brunette (1951) reported that the

students taking how to study course increased their cumulative grade point averages.

Review of Previous Study

This research which comes from Riaz et al with their journal entitled Relationship of

Study Habits with Educational Achievement that focuses on economics students in Pakistan,

the result of this study explain that there is a positive relationship between study habit and

achievements of students for some dimensions of study habits that observe in their area of

study. This study shows evident result that study habits can improve student’s achievement

when they apply study habits effectively in their learning habits. Another research entitled

Study Habits and Academic Achievement in Core Subjects among Junior Secondary School

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Students in Ondo State, Nigeria shows the relation of study habits and students’ academic

achievement in their learning. The Study habits’ dimension that are used in this research are

homework and assignment, time allocation, reading and note-taking, study period

procedures, concentration, written work, examination and teacher consultation. The result of

this research shows that there was a different impact on the study habits of students to their

academic performance for different school subjects. Previous research entitled Study Habits

of Higher Secondary School Students in Relation to their Academic Achievement that

focuses on the relation between the study habits’ dimensions and students’ academic

achievement at the government school of Banaskantha in Gujarat. From this research study,

the researcher shows that each dimensions of study habits that is applied by students at the

government school in Gujarat has different relation with academic achievement success of

students based on the collected data. There are some points from the research to support a

good study habits in students’ learning; parent’s role is important to guide their children to

develop their study habits, teacher’s role to control their students’ study habits by asking

them to record their progress and teacher should create a conducive environment in the

classroom to make their students excited and active when they they are teaching the students.

Therefore to reach students’ achievement, there should be good arrangement of study habits

in students’ learning.

Success by applying study habit is affected by some cases that comes from their

environment. Based on the article entitled “Comparison of Study Habits and Academic

Performance of Pakistani British and White British Students”, the research shows the

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comparison about the study habits of Pakistani British as foreign students and White British

as local students to their academic performance from four multiethnic school of England,

United Kingdom. This study shows that the foreign students have lower academic

performance than native students. This result of research is caused by some factors that

influenced the study habits of foreign students that can affect their academic performance.

Parental involvement, home environment, classroom atmosphere, teaching skill of a teacher

and their study habits are some factors that influence foreign students’ achievement when

learning in the odd place. Moreover, the location of learning can influence students’

achievement when they applied their study habits. In addition, an article entitled “Study

Habits of Tenth Grade Students in Relation to their Academic Achievement”, that focuses on

comparing female and male students at rural and urban area about their study habits to reach

their academic achievement. From this research, the researcher concluded that there was not

significant effect to their academic performance and study habits based on students’ sex. In

conclusion, students with good study habits have better academic performance than those

with bad study habits.

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES

This chapter presents the discussion on the research methodology of the study, the

subject, the sampling technique, research instrument, and procedure of data gathering.

Research Design

In order to determine the effects of study habits towards the academic performance of

Science and Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) strand students, a descriptive-

correlation research design was employed in this study. The descriptive design was utilized

to describe the current level of study habits of the respondents, as well as the level of their

academic performance. While, the correlation study is to ascertain the existence of the

relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

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Respondents and Sampling Design

Purposive sampling technique is utilized for the selection of the respondents in this

study. In this method, researchers can deliberately choose the respondents due to the quality

that respondents possess. It is ideal for the researchers to use this sampling because they wish

to focus on STEM students exclusively.

In accounting the number of respondents, the researchers selected the entire

population of STEM students as their sample size. Thus, the study involved two hundred

seven (207) STEM students enrolled in La Verdad Christian School, Inc. A.Y. 2019-2020.

Table 1
Description of Respondents

By Year, Section, and Sex


Year & Section MALE FEMALE TOTAL
11 STEM A 18 19 37
11 STEM B 23 21 44
11 STEM C 18 25 43
12 STEM A 14 22 36
12 STEM B 27 20 47
Total Sample 100 107 207

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Table 1 described the respondents according to section and gender. Total sample of

207 out of total population of 215 was gathered. The table revealed that majority of the

respondents were female with 107 total sample while male respondents is 100 samples.

Majority of the respondents came from 12 STEM B with 27 male and 20 female respondents.

It was followed by 11 STEM B with a total of 44 having 23 males and 21 females. Next in

line was 12 STEM C with 43 samples; while 11 STEM A and 12 STEM A have 37 and 36

samples respectively.

Data Collection

Prior to conducting this study, the researchers received the consent and permission to

conduct this study. Data related to the respondents’ study habits are collected from the Study

Habits Questionnaire which is based on Michigan State University Undergraduate University

Division. Questionnaires are administered to 207 students of STEM and will be hand over

individually to the respondents. It will be retrieved in the same manner as the respondents

finished answering the questionnaire. The researchers will stay and observe the respondents

as they answer the questionnaire to provide assistance. As well as to ensure that there will be

no errors on the answers and to avoid unnecessary interaction between the respondents that

may lower the reliability of their answers.

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LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Research Instruments

The questionnaire that was used in this study is Study Habits Questionnaire from

Michigan State University Undergraduate University Division. It is consisted of 5 categories

as follows: time management, study environment, exam preparation and test taking skills,

note-taking skills, reading skills and writing skills. A likert scale of 1-4 of (A) Always, (G)

Generally, (S) Sometimes and (R) Rarely was used to measure the responses of the students.

Rubrics for the Level of Study Habits of the Respondents (Bantique, Alamil, 2014).

Ranges Interpretation

42-32 Great

31-20 Ok

19-below Poor

While, the questionnaire used to collect data regarding the factors affecting the

respondents’ study habits was constructed by the researchers.

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LA VERDAD CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Statistical Tools and Treatment

The data gathered from the respondents on the Study Habits Questionnaire was

analyzed using Pearson r, where r refers to Pearson correlation coefficient that ranges

between +1 to -1. Pearson r measures the degree of association between the two variables.

Positive value indicates positive correlation or direct association, hence negative values

indicates negative correlation or inverse association.

Additionally, the data acquired from Study Habits Questionnaire and respondents’

GPA were treated using weighted mean as well. It is to have a quantitative description on the

level of study habits that is necessary in interpretation.

Rubrics for the Level Academic Performance (Bantique, Alamil, 2014).

GPA Interpretation

1.00-1.50 Outstanding

1.51-2.00 Very Satisfactory

2.01-3.00 Satisfactory

3.01-4.00 Needs Improvement

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