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University of San Carlos Publications
THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (1878-97)

Author(s): Luciano P.R. Santiago
Source: Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society, Vol. 22, No. 2 (June 1994), pp. 103-140
Published by: University of San Carlos Publications
Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/29792151
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Philippine Quarterly of Culture & Society
22 (1994): 103-140
THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE AND

SURGERY (1878-97)*
Luciano RR. Santiago, M.D.
The first Faculty of Medicine in the Philippines was established belatedly

by the Spanish colonial government in 1871 - more than three centuries after
the conquest of the Philippines and in the last quarter of Spanish domination
of the Islands. It formed part of the University of Santo Tomas (U.S.T.) in
Manila, the only university in the Philippines in the 19th century. It was al?
lowed to grant only the licentiate degree in medicine, after completion of the
six-year course, which in the Spanish system permitted the candidate to prac?
tice medicine. The doctorate was then almost purely an academic title, which
required the presentation and defense of a medical treatise. (The national
hero, Jose Rizal, for example, obtained the licentiate but not the doctorate in
medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid. Although he completed the
course for the doctorate, he did not submit a thesis. Thus, Rizal was not a
Doctor of Medicine; nor did he ever claim to be one.) In 1872, the doctorates
in the ecclesiastical and legal sciences were also suppressed for Filipinos at
the University of Sto. Tomas.1
With these academic constraints, many Filipino students from wealthy
families traveled to Europe to start or continue the licentiate course or ac?
quire the doctorate in medicine or law in Spain or France. This was
facilitated by the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, which reduced the
voyage to Europe from 60 to 30 days. Next to law, medicine was the most
popular course for Filipino students in the peninsula. The licentiate in both
faculties could be obtained in any Spanish university but only the Universidad
Central de Madrid was empowered to grant the M.D. and Ll.D. degrees in
Spain. The medical school of Madrid University was the Facultad de
Medicina de San Carlos.2
In their free time, most of the Filipino youths in both disciplines joined
hands to organize and catalyze the Propaganda Movement in the mother
?Presented at the Fifth Annual Manila Studies Series Conference, Casa Bianca, In
tramuros, Manila, 21 June 1993.
104 PHILIPPINE QUARTERLY OF CULTURE & SOCIETY
country. Like Rizal, some of them were so engrossed in nationalist activities

that they sacrificed or delayed their ambition of graduating with the highest
possible degree in their field.3
Filipino Medical Students in Europe
The following is an alphabetical list, probably almost complete, of the

twenty-eight Filipino medical students in Europe in the last quarter of the
19th century:4
*1. Jose Albert y Mayoralgo (1867-1946) of Binondo, Manila, L.M. &
M.D.5
2. Galicano Apacible y Castillo (1864-1949) of Balayan, Batangas, L.M.6
3. Santiago Barcelona y de los Reyes (1863-1937) of Pulilan, Bulac?n,
L.M.7
*4. Arist?n Bautista Lin (1863-1928) of Sta. Cruz, Manila, L.M. & M.D.8
5. Fernando Canon y Aluma (1860-1938) of Bin?n, Laguna - completed
five years of the medical course in Madrid but later shifted to electrical
engineering.9
6. Santiago Carillo of Bin?n, Laguna, L.M.10
*7. Dominador G?mez de Jesus (1866-1930) of Manila, L.M. & M.D.11
8. Feliciano Gonzalez y Timbang of Mexico, Pampanga - died of tuber?
culosis in 1889 while a medical student in Barcelona.
*9. Joaquin Gonzalez Lopez (1853-1900) of Baliuag, Bulac?n, L.M. &
M.D.13
10. Santiago Icasiano y Bello (1861-1940) of Bulac?n, Bulac?n L.M.14
11. Simplicio Jugo Vidal (1862-ca.l925) of C?piz, C?piz, L.M.15
*12. Francisco Liongson y Tongco (1869-1919) of Bacolor, Pampanga, L.M.
&M.D.16
13. Graciano Lopez Jaena (1856-1896) of Jaro, Iloilo - abandoned his
medical studies.17
14. Jose Ma. Panganiban y Enverga (1863-1890) of Mambulao, Camarines
Norte - died of tuberculosis while a medical student in Barcelona.18
*15. Felix Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (1859-1932) of Intramuros, Manila,
L.M.&M.D. (Paris).19
*16. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (1857-1925) of In?
tramuros, Manila, L.M. & M.D. (Paris)20
*17. Antonio Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio (1860-1895) of Sta. Cruz,
Manila, L.M. & M.D.21
18. Maximino Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio (1863-1929) of Sta. Cruz,
Manila, L.M 22
THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE 105
The First Filipino Doctors of Medicine and Surgery (1878-97)
Name Life Span Birthplace/ Racial Institution,

Deathplace Backgd. Degree/Y ear
1. Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez 7/22/1853 Baliuag, ME UST BA ca.1870

Lopez Bulac?n
UV LM ca.1877
9/21/1900 Manila UCM MD 1878
2. Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo 4/13/1857 Manila EF-c UST BA 1873

Pardo de Tavera y
Gorricho UPa LM ca.1880
MD ca.1881
3/26/1925 Manila UST LM 1894
3. Dr. Enrique Rogers 7/15/1857 Sta. Cruz, EF ADM BA 1875

y Matti Manila
UB LM ca.1882
12/25/1889 Barcelona UCM MD ca.1883
4. Dr. Felix Pardo de 2/21/1859 Manila EF-c ADM BA 1876

Tavera y Gorricho
UPa LM ca.1883
1932 Paris MD ca.1884
5. Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno 1/17/1860 Sta. Cruz, MS ADM BA 1876

y de Vera Ignacio Manila
UCM LM ca.1883
10/21/1895 Tambobong MD ca.1884
(Malab?n, M.M.) UST MD 1889
6. Dr. Benito Valdes 3/21/1860 Floridablanca, ME UST BA 1878

y Salvador Pampanga
UB LM 1884
UCM MD 1885
9/8/1935 Manila UST MD 1887
7. Dr. Salvador Vivencio 3/18/1864 Manila MS UST BA 1879

del Rosario y San Jose LM 1886
UCM MD 1889
10/28/1928 Manila UST MD 1908
8. Dr. Jose Albert 4/3/1867 Binondo, MS ADM BA 1882

y Mayoralgo Manila UST 1882-84
8/13/1946 Quiapo, UCM LM 1887
Manila MD 1889
9. Dr. Manuel Sta. Maria 12/24/1868

Binondo, MS ADM BA 1884
y Bustamante Manila UST 1884-87
1898 Guagua, UB LM 1889
Pampanga UCM MD 1890
10. Dr. Arist?n Bautista 2/22/1863 Sta. Cruz, MS ADM BA 1879

Lin (Linpingco) Manila UST LM 1885
3/3/1928 Quiapo, UCM MD 1891
Manila
11. Dr. Dominador Gomez 11/5/1866 Manila MS ADM BA 1881

de Jesus UST 1881-87
UB LM ca.1889
5/17/1930 Manila UCM MD 1895
12. Dr. Isidore) de Santos 4/4/1873 Tond?, MS UST BA 1887

y Ongsiaco Manila
UB LM 1893
8/24/1939 ditto UCM MD 1895
13. Dr. Francisco Liongson 12/3/1869 Bacolor, MS UST BA 1887

y Tongco Pampanga TPSE 1888
TAPTT 1889
UCM LM 1895
2/7/1919 ditto MD 1896
14. Dr. Baldomero Roxas 2/27/1869 Lip?, MS ADM BA 1885

y Luz Batangas UST 1885-88
UCM LM ca.1894
9/9/1965 Manila MD 1897
Abbreviations used:
ADM - Ateneo de Manila

BA - Bachiller en Artes
EF - Espafiol Filipino or criollo
EF-c - Espafiol Filipino-cuarteron
LM - Licenciado en Medicina
MD - Doctor en Medicina
ME - mestizo espafiol (Spanish mestizo)
MS - mestizo de sangley (Chinese mestizo)
TAPTT - Titulo de Agrimensor y Tasador de Tierras
TPSE - Titulo de Profesor de Segunda Enseftanza
UB - Universidad de Barcelona
UCM - Universidad Central de Madrid
UPa - University de Paris
UST - Universidad de Santo Tom?s
UV - Universidad de Valladolid
19. Mariano Ponce y Collantes (1863-1918) of Baliuag, Bulac?n, L.M.

20. Pablo Rianzares Franco of Bin?n, Laguna, L.M.
21. Jose Rizal Mercado y Alonso (1861-1896) of Calamb?, Laguna, L.M.25
*22. Enrique Rogers y Matti (1857-1889) of Sta. Cruz, Manila, L.M. &
M.D/6
*23. Salvador Vivencio del Rosario y San Jose (1864-1928) of Manila, L.M.
& M.D.27
*24. Baldomero Roxas y Luz (1869-1965) of Lip?, Batangas, L.M. & M.D.28
*25. Manuel Sta. Maria y Bustamante (1868-1898) of Binondo, Manila, L.M.
&M.D.29
*26. Isidora de Santos y Ongsiaco (1873-1939) of Tondo, Manila, L.M. &
M.D.30
*27. Benito Valdes y Salvador (1860-1935) of Lubao, Pampanga, L.M. &
M.D31
28. Maximo Viola y Sison (1864-1933) of San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulac?n,
L.M.32
Fourteen or half of the twenty-eight Filipino medical students in Europe
received their doctorates (those with asterisk before their names). At least
twelve earned their M.D. degree from the University of Madrid and two from
The Sorbonne of the University of Paris. (See the accompanying Table for
their basic biographical data.) Only eight of these fourteen scholarly
gentlemen have adequate biographical articles written about them and none
has a book length biography. Individually or as a group, they have never been
specifically identified before as the first Filipino Doctors of Medicine. Most
of them became the first Filipino specialists in their respective fields. They
had to make the drastic transition from the Spanish to the American system,
not the least of its problems being the change in language. With the sole ex?
ception of Gomez, all of them yielded, sooner or later, to the pressures of the
new colonial order.
In the American system, all physicians were Doctors of Medicine whereas
in the Spanish system most physicians in the Philippines were licentiates. The
American government, however, recognized the rights of Filipino licentiates
to continue practicing medicine under the new regime. U.S.T. began granting
M.D. degrees in 1902. Since "Licentiate" was an uncommon or awkward title
in English, this started the practice of calling all physicians in the Philippines
"doctors" regardless of whether they had obtained the doctorate or not. This
state of affairs has sown confusion in our historical sources, which makes it at
times difficult to sort out who were the real Doctors of Medicine during the
Spanish period.33
The First Filipino Physicians were Licentiates in Medicine and

Surgery (1877)
To the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sto. Tomas was assigned

the Hospital de San Juan de Di?s in the walled city as its teaching hospital. In
1875, the building and revenues of the defunct Colegio de San Jose, also in
Intramuros, were ceded to the school by royal decree. Its first dean was
Licenciado Don Rafael Ginard y Mas, who had been practicing medicine in
Manila since the 1850s. The requirement for admission to the medical school
was the degree of Bachelor of Arts, which was then granted to graduates of
the five-year segunda ensenanza, the equivalent of high school. Completing
four years of the six-year medical licentiate course entitled the student to the
degree of Bachelor of Medicine (M.B.). However, it appears that most of the
students did not bother to apply for this privilege/
The first seven Filipino physicians, all of them Licentiates, were Joaquin
Gonzalez Lopez (Baliuag, Bulac?n), Enrique Lopez de Seneca y Rivero
(C?piz, C?piz), Jose Lozada y Aguilera (Binondo, Manila and Lip?, Batan
gas), Nicanor Padilla y Escobar (Lingayen, Pangasin?n), Jose Diego Panis y
Manio (Calumpit, Bulac?n), Narciso de San Agustin y Lacsamana (Cavite,
Cavite) and Felipe Zamora y Quisumbing (Binondo, Manila).35
Gonz?lez graduated as a Licentiate in Medicine in 1877 from the Faculty
of Medicine of the University of Valladolid in Spain. The following year, he
received the M.D. degree from the Universidad Central de Madrid, becoming
the first Filipino Doctor of Medicine.36
The other six pioneer Filipino physicians comprised the first batch to
graduate as Licentiates in Medicine and Surgery in 1877 from the Faculty of
Medicine of the U.S.T. Unlike Dr. Gonz?lez, they did not pursue the doc?
torate in Spain because, as stated earlier, they could already practice their
profession with a licentiate. The great expense involved in undertaking the
doctorate abroad should also be noted. However, this realistic factor did not
seem to apply to the pioneer physicians, who all belonged to very wealthy
families. Their pattern of education was, in fact, the one most licentiate
graduates of U.S.T. followed in the 19th century.37
The First Filipino Doctors of Medicine and Surgery (1878-1897)
1. Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez Lopez (1853-1900), the First Filipino Doctor of

Medicine and Ophthalmic Surgeon (1878).
A Spanish mestizo, Dr. Gonz?lez graduated as a Bachelor of Arts from
the University of Sto. Tomas in around 1870. He apparently enrolled the fol?
lowing year at the newly inaugurated Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of
his alma mater. However, in March 1872, he left for Spain in order to con?
tinue the medical course at the University of Valladolid in his father's native
city. He was the first Filipino medical student to arrive in Europe. As men?
tioned above, he obtained the Licentiate in Medicine in 1877. From Val?
ladolid, he transferred to the College of Medicine of San Carlos of the
University of Madrid, where he graduated as a Doctor of Medicine in 1878.
The title of his thesis is not known but it must obviously have been the first
medical treatise written by a Filipino/
In the famous clinic of Dr. Louis de Weckert in Paris, Dr. Gonzalez
trained further in ophthalmology. Thus, he was also the first Filipino ophthal?
mologist. (Rizal, who trained in the same center, was the second.) Before
returning to the Philippines, he toured France, Italy, Germany and Switzer?
land observing medifcal practice in those countries.39
Back in the Philippines, he set up a clinic in Binondo and later, in Baliuag,
Bulac?n, his native town. The son of the local Augustinian parish priest, Fray
Fausto Lopez (1845-1866), he belonged to a prominent family of Baliuag
through his mother, Dona Maria Amparo Gonzalez y Angeles. Dr. Gonzalez
himself used "Lopez" as his second surname. It has been customary in Philip?
pine historiography to gloss over this type of family background despite the
fact that it is a principal theme of Rizal's courageous novel, Noli Me Tangere,
published more than a century ago (1887). Although this reticence is under?
standable, especially during the lifetime of the biographee and those of his
children, perhaps it is time that, like Rizal, we lift the taboo on the subject
and deal with it forthrightly as part of the reality of the past. Felipe Calderon
(1868-1908), the author of the first Philippine Constitution, who was also the
grandson of a Franciscan friar, revealed that "Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez was the
son of a friar; the latter has bettered our race... We do not look upon that
(background) as a discredit to a man."40
Dr. Gonzalez married Dona Florencia Sioco y Rodrfquez, a Chinese mes
tiza of Bulac?n and Pampanga in 1884. In the first stage of the Revolution,
Dr. Gonzalez manifested his loyalty to the colonial government by serving in
the Spanish medical corps. In the second stage, however, he emerged as one
of the outstanding figures of the First Philippine Republic. Elected to repre?
sent the province of Pampanga in the Malolos Congress, he participated ac?
tively in the framing of the constitution. Unsuccessfully, he championed the
principle of unity of Church and State. Impressed by his academic creden?
tials, President Emilio Aguinaldo appointed him the first rector of the
Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez L?pez

M.D. Universidad Central de Madrid, 1878
(Courtesy of Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC)
Universidad Cientifico-Literaria de Filipinas (1898-99). In this short-lived in?

stitution, he also taught legal medicine, toxicology and public health.41
When the Americans took over the Philippine colony by force of arms,
the first Civil Governor, William Howard Taft, in an effort to appease the
Filipino intellectuals, named Dr. Gonzalez chairman of the Civil Service
Board. However, before he could fill this post, Dr. Gonzalez died suddenly of
peritonitis due to a ruptured appendix in 1900. At that time, the surgical
technique of appendectomy had not been devised.42
Following in his footsteps, three of his sons, Fernando, Jesus and Virgilio,
also became Doctors of Medicine. A fourth son, Bienvenido, a Doctor of
Science, became the sixth president of the University of the Philippines
(1939-51).43
2. Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (1857-1925;

M.D. 1881), the First Filipino Medical Author
In the racial computations of his era, Dr. Pardo de Tavera was a

cuarter?n or three-fourth Spanish by blood. His maternal grandmother,
Dona Ciriaca de los Santos (d. 1862), was a Tagala from Imus, Cavite. (She
lies buried at the San Agustin Church in Intramuros.) His family, however,
completely considered themselves Filipinos. His parents were Don Felix
Pardo de Tavera y Gomez, who died young, and Dona Juliana Gorricho,
whose father was a wealthy Mexican Basque. His uncle, Dr. Joaqum Pardo
de Tavera, a Doctor of Laws graduate of the University of Sto. Tomas (1868),
became his legal guardian. (Joaquin's wife, Gertrudes Gorricho, was also the
sister of Juliana, his late brother's wife.) Joaqum was banished to the
Marianas in 1872 on charges of conspiracy to overthrow the colonial govern?
ment. He was pardoned in 1874 on condition that he would not return to his
native land. He thus decided to settle in Paris with his extended family.44
After obtaining the B.A. degree from the Colegio de San Juan de Letr?n
in 1873, Trinidad took the medical course at the University of Sto. Tomas for
a few years. Afterwards, he joined his uncle's family in Paris continuing his
medical studies at the prestigious Sorbonne. Here he graduated with the
degrees of Licentiate in Medicine in around 1880 and Doctor of Medicine a
year later. The title of his thesis is not known. A versatile scholar like many a
doctor of his time, Dr. Pardo de Tavera also took up linguistics at the Ecole
Nationale des Langues Orientales, which awarded him a diploma in 1885. He
endeavored to trace and understand the origins of Tagalog, the dominant lan?
guage of his country. In 1887 he married Dona Conception Cembrano y
Calder?n of Manila, a first cousin of Felipe Calderon 45
THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE
Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho

M.D. Universit? de Paris, 1881
Dr. Tavera was the first Filipino doctor to publish a medical article in a
professional journal: "La Medicine a Vile de Lugon (Archipel de Philippines) "
Journal de Medicine (Paris, 1884, vol. 6). This was translated into Spanish and
German, respectively, by Pedro de Govantes Azc?rraga, who later became
the Conde de Albay, and Ferdinand Blumentritt: "La Medicina en la Isla de
Luzon" Dos Mundos (Madrid), 1884; and "Die Medicinischen Kenntnisse der
Eingeborenen der Insel Luzon" Globus, 1885, vol. 47. Dr. Tavera was also the
first Filipino doctor to publish a medical book: Contribution ? Vetude de la
Periarthrite du Genou. (Contribution to the Study of Periarthritis of the
Knee.) (Paris: A. Parent, 1886) 108 pages. Further, Dr. Tavera was the first
Filipino doctor to publish scholarly works in a non-medical field beginning
with: Contribucion para el Estudio de los Antiguos Alfabetos Filipinos.
(Losana, Imprenta de Juanin Hermanos, 1884) 30 pages. This was also trans?
lated into French by Meyners d'Estrey: "Les Anciens Alphabets des Philip?
pines " Annales de VExtreme-Orient, 1885, pp. 204-210 and 232-239.46
The medical author returned to the Philippines for good in 1894. In the
same year, he revalidated his licentiate in medicine at the University of Santo
Tomas. Thereafter, he joined its medical faculty as professor of anatomy and
dissection and embryology. Like Dr. Gonzalez, he became a prominent fig?
ure in the First Philippine Republic. President Aguinaldo made him a mem?
ber of the Malolos Congress representing Ceb? as well as the director of
diplomacy and later, secretary of foreign relations. He also taught
therapeutics at the Universidad Cientifico-Literaria. Together with Dr.
Mariano V. del Rosario, he founded the Colegio Medico-Farmaceutico de
Filipinas and was elected its first president (1899-1900).47
Also like Gonzalez, Tavera readily acceptd American colonization and
Anglo-Saxon culture. He founded the Federal Party in 1900, which advo?
cated the annexation of the Philippines as a state of the American Union.
The electorate rejected its platform in the first national elections in 1907 in
favor of "immediate, complete and absolute independence" - the slogan of
the Nacionalista Party of the young Osmena and Quezon.48
Dr. Tavera was more influential as a physician and scholar than as a
politician. Besides substantial medical articles, he also published outstanding
studies on Philippine history and culture.49
3. Dr. Enrique Rogers y Matti (1857-1889; M.D. 1883), the Criollo Doctor
as Filipino
A Filipino criollo, who was born in Sta. Cruz, Manila, Dr. Rogers was of
British extraction judging from his surname. But he completely identified
himself with his countrymen who reciprocated with a high and affectionate
regard for him, including Rizal and M. H. del Pilar, the two leaders of the
Propaganda Movement. Rogers studied at the Ateneo Municipal, where he
received the B.A. degree with high honors on 18 March 1875. Traveling to
Europe afterwards, the young linguist stayed for some time in London and
Paris in order to learn their languages in addition to his fluency in Spanish
and Latin. He then enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of
Barcelona, where he finished the licentiate, most probably in 1882. The fol?
lowing year, he received the M.D. degree at the Central University of
Madrid.50
After graduation, he traveled to the United States for further medical
training. Of frail health, he contracted tuberculosis during his voyages and
died at the age of 32 on Christmas Day in Barcelona. He was buried the next
day at the city's new cemetery. His medical colleague, Mariano Ponce, wrote
a moving tribute to him in the last issue (31 December) of La Solidaridad for
the year 1889. "A philosopher by nature and extremely modest," Ponce noted
among other attributes, "he was content to give us only his counsels, which on
all occasions served us as norms of conduct in our campaign for the progress
of the Philippines."51
4. Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (1859-1932; M.D. 1884), the First
Filipino Doctor-Sculptor
The younger brother of Trinidad Hermenegildo, Felix finished his A.B.

degree at the Ateneo de Manila in 1876. Simultaneously, he had been taking
painting lessons at the Manila Art Academy, which was located in a building
owned by his family in Intramuros. The Augustinians commissioned him as
one of the young painters of the grand edition of Fr. Manuel Blanco's Flora
de Filipinas (1877-1883). He was able to finish only a few plates since he left
in 1877 to join his elder brother in Paris. Like the latter, he enrolled at the
Sorbonne and graduated with the degrees of Licentiate in Medicine around
1883 and Doctor of Medicine the next year.52
He then combined his medical and surgical practice with sculpture and
was eminently successful in both. He specialized in pediatric surgery when it
was still in its infancy stage. To him is ascribed a radical method of straighten?
ing the vertebral column. In sculpture, he garnered a silver medal at the
Philippine General Exposition held in Madrid in 1887 and bronze medals at
the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889 and the Barcelona Fine Arts Exposi?
tion of 1891. With these credentials, he was awarded the first scholarship in
sculpture created by the royal order of 1890 for the Philippines. He turned
PHILIPPINE QUARTERLY OF CULTURE & SOCIETY
Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (center)

M.D. University de Paris, 1884
(Photographed with Luna, his brother-in-law, left, and Rizal, right, in Paris, 1889)
out to be the last Philippine art scholar (1892-96) and a tragic figure during
the colonial period.53
He started his pensionadoship in Paris in April of 1892. Barely five
months later, he was seriously wounded by the celebrated painter Juan Luna,
who in a fit of jealousy and rage also shot to death his wife and mother-in-law
(Tavera's sister and mother). These were clearly traumatic experiences,
which drove him to emigrate to Buenos Aires, Argentina to finish the last
year of his scholarship and settle there permanently as a naturalized citizen.54
5. Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio (1860-95; M.D. 1884), a

Short-lived Filipino Pioneer Doctor
Antonio was the second of the three Paterno brothers who studied in
Spain. His elder brother was the flamboyant Don Pedro, who also graduated
with an LI. D. degree from the Madrid University in 1880. His younger
brother was Maximino, who had an L.M. degree from the same institution in
1888. They were the sons of the affluent couple, Don Maximo Paterno, an
exile of 1872, and Dona Carmen de Vera Ignacio of Sta. Cruz, Manila.55
A B. A. co-graduate of Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera at the Ateneo de Manila
in 1876, Antonio also left for Europe the following year. He enrolled at the
Central University of Madrid and finished the L.M. degree in around 1883.
The following year, he obtained the M.D. degree. As a medical student in
Madrid, he posed for a portrait by Juan Luna in 1881. Inscribed "a mi querido
Antonio" by the great painter, this work of art has survived.56
After the graduation of his brother Maximino in 1888, the two of them
returned to the Philippines. They at once revalidated their respective medical
degrees at the University of Sto. Tomas in 1889: Antonio as M.D. and Maxi?
mino as L.M. Initially, the self-effacing Dr. Antonio served as the municipal
doctor of Marikina, where he met and married Dona Andrea Angeles. In
1893, he established a clinic with Maximino at San Roque no. 7 in Intramuros.
The next year, they moved to Calle Real. However, he died unexpectedly in
1895 not quite 36 years of age. Learning of his death, Rizal, who was then in
exile in Dapitan, wrote a moving letter of condolence to his brother Pedro.
Because of his early demise, Dr. Antonio is one of the least known of the first
Filipino Doctors of Medicine.57
6. Dr. Benito Valdes y Salvador (1860-1935; M.D. 1885), the First Filipino
Doctor Administrator
Born in his family's Hacienda del Carmen in Floridablanca, Pampanga,
Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio

(Portrait by Ju?n Luna, Madrid, 1881. Central Bank Art Collection)
Dr. Benito Valdes y Salvador

Dr. Valdes was the son of Don Basilio Valdes, an official in the Spanish navy,
and Dona Francisca Salvador, a Manilena. He studied in U.S.T., where he
received his B.A. degree in 1878. Embarking for Spain in the same year, he
enrolled at the University of Barcelona, where, six years later, he finished the
Licentiate in Medicine in 1884. He then transferred to the University of
Madrid, which granted him the M.D. degree in 1885. He married a Cubana,
Filomena Pica, whom he had met in Barcelona.58
In the Philippines, he revalidated his M.D. degree at U.S.T., his alma
mater, in 1887. He worked initially as a government physician in Tayabas
province and in the districts of Sta. Ana and Quiapo in Manila. When the
Revolution broke out in 1896, he was imprisoned at Fort Santiago for alleged
complicity in it. After his release, he left for Spain to regain his broken health
and this apparently spared him from involvement in the second phase of the
Revolution. In 1899, he taught History of Medicine at U.S.T., which probably
makes him the first Filipino medical historian. A widower of eight years, he
married Rita Legarda in 1904.59
From 1900 to 1919, he served as the director of the San Juan de Di?s
Hospital, then the teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of U.S.T.,
where he continued to teach concurrently. Much sought after for his wise
counsel on medical issues of his time, he uttered hallowed words which con?
tinue to echo into our generation: "This profession should never be commer?
cialized. People who embrace this most noble of human callings should be
possessed of broad human sympathies.... In our country, where there is a con?
tinuous battle between men and disease, the medical men have a great work
before them. They will surely be failing in their mission when they think in
terms of material advantages."60
7. Dr. Salvador Vivencio del Rosario y San Jose (1864-1928; M.D. 1889), a
Pioneer Filipino Doctor in Public Health and Journalism
He belonged to a brilliant Chinese mestizo family of doctors in various

fields. His father, Dr. Don Antonio Vivencio del Rosario, was one of the last
Filipino Doctors of Laws to graduate from U.S.T. in 1871. As noted earlier,
the doctorate degree was suppressed for Filipino students in U.S.T. the fol?
lowing year, 1872. His mother was Dona Felipa San Jose. His younger
brother, Dr. Mariano Vivencio del Rosario, was the second Filipino Doctor
of Pharmacy (1893) as well as the first Filipino to acquire the "double" doc?
torate in pharmacy and medicine (1916).61
Salvador finished his B.A. and L.M. degrees at U.S.T. in 1879 and 1886,
respectively. He later went to Madrid for his doctorate, which he obtained in
1889. A physician-writer, he contributed literary articles to La Solidaridad

(1889-90), the newspaper of the Propaganda Movement. He married Dona
Benita Quiogue a few years after his return to the Philippines in the early
1890s. In the second stage of the Philippine Revolution, he became the city
editor of its official organ, La Independencia. He used the pen name "Juan
Tagalo." Among its staff were the first two Filipino Doctors of Pharmacy:
Antonio Luna, founder and editor-in-chief, and Mariano V. del Rosario, his
brother. He was elected to the Malolos Congress as the representative of
Albay and taught anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine of the Universidad
Cientifico-Literaria.62
Under the American Regime, he continued to combine his journalistic
and medical activities. Together with Modesto Reyes, an Ll.D. graduate of
the University of Madrid (1890), he founded La Union and worked as its
editor-in-chief. Later, he transferred to La Democracia, which supported the
new colonial dispensation.63
Frcm 1900, he served as the municipal physician of Binondo up to at least
1904. He revalidated his M.D. degree at U.S.T. belatedly in 1908. One of the
Filipino pioneers in public health, he was tasked together with Dr.
Dominador Gomez, another M.D. graduate of the Madrid University, and Dr.
Ruiz, to put together the Provincial Sanitary Code. One of the first Filipino
doctors to acquire proficiency in English, he translated Dr. Carl Fox's Sanitary
Inspector's Handbook into Spanish. He also published significant
epidemiological studies. As early as 1916, he was one of the first to recom?
mend vaccination with "non-agglutinable vibrios" for the prevention of
cholera epidemics. In 1921, in recognition of his indefatigable work in public
health, he was named the assistant director of the Bureau of Health. In the
same year, he represented the Philippines together with Drs. Trinidad H.
Pardo de Tavera and Leoncio Lopez-Rizal at the Biennial Congress of the
Far Eastern Association of Tropical Medicine in Batavia (now Jakarta, In?
donesia).64
8. Dr. Jose Albert y Mayoralgo (1867-1946; M.D. 1889), the First Filipino
Pediatrician
Dr. Albert was the son of Don Mariano Antonio Albert and Dona Ruper
ta Mayoralgo of Binondo, Manila. Their old surname was Antonio but this
was replaced with Albert in 1850 as a result of the Claveria Decree on the sys
tematization of Filipino patronymics in late 1849 65
He graduated from the Ateneo Municipal as a Bachelor of Arts in 1882.
He then studied medicine at the U.S.T. for two years, after which he
transferred to the Central University of Madrid, where he completed the

Licentiate in Medicine in November 1887 and the doctorate in May 1889. La
Solidaridad celebrated his academic triumph with a feature article on the
youthful "Dr. Albert" on 15 January 1890. He toured Europe observing
various medical centers, particularly those dealing with obstetrics, his first
chosen specialty.66
Arriving in Manila in June 1891, he started his practice in the city, which
soon proved to be very successful. In early 1896, he married Dona Dolores
Casanova y P?ez, a Spanish mestiza. Later in the same year, he was impli?
cated in the outbreak of the Revolution, for which he was imprisoned albeit
briefly at Fort Santiago. He was very active in the second phase of the
Revolution, serving in various capacities as professor of obstetrics and
gynecology at the Universidad Cienrtfico-Literaria, director of sanitation and
hygiene, member of the Council of Secretaries and delegate to the Malolos
Congress representing Dapitan and Lal-lo in Mindanao.6
In the beginning of the 20th century in the early part of the American
Period, the sensitive doctor was profoundly disturbed by the mortality rate he
encountered among his obstetrical patients. He decided to shift his specialty
to pediatrics and in so doing, he became the first Filipino pediatrician. At this
time, even in some western countries, pediatrics was considered part of inter?
nal medicine, in which children were treated as "miniature adults." He helped
launch the Liga Filipina para la Protection de la Infancia and its special
project, La Gota de Leche ("The Milk Drop"), which supplied milk to needy
children and nursing mothers. An early expert on the dreaded infantile beri?
beri, he proved in 1915 the dramatic efficacy of tiki-tiki extract (vitamin B) in
the treatment of its acute cardiac form. During that era, beri-beri, dysentery
and bronchopneumonia were the three main causes of infant death.68
As the first professor and head of the first department of pediatrics
(1907) in the country, he taught at least two generations of physicians at the
College of Medicine of the University of the Philippines from its creation up
to the time of his death in 1946. Together with Drs. Bautista Lin and Roxas,
he was one of the three pioneer Filipino doctors who taught at the premier
medical school from its inception in 1907 as well as one of the first seven
Filipino professors of the original seventeen faculty members of that institu?
tion. (The other Filipinos were Drs. Luis E. Guerrero (tropical medicine)
and Mariano V. del Rosario (chemistry) and Licentiates Fernando Calder?n
(obstetrics and gynecology) and Gregorio Singi?n (surgery). The rest were
American doctors.) By self-instruction, they took pains to learn English, the
new medium of teaching, in order to be able to share their expertise - which
they had learned in Spanish - with their young students and American
Dr. Jose" Albert y Mayoralgo

(Portrait by Romeo Enrfquez, Manila, 1958.
U.P. College of Medicine Museum)
Dr. Manuel Santa Marfa y Bustamante

(Portrait by Z?fiiga La Ilustraci?n Filipino, 14 Enero 1893)
colleagues. In the beginning, since they thought in Spanish and tended to

translate their ideas literally into English, they sometimes came out with
awkward or even hilarious expressions, which unwittingly spiced their
lectures. This was in addition to the characteristic sense of humor of the
Spanish-educated doctors.69
A lover of books, he started a separate library for his department and
upon his death he bequeathed his private library to the college. He was ac?
ting dean of the college in 1921. In its teaching hospital, the Philippine
General Hospital, he also became the first head of the department of
pediatrics in 1915 and chief of clinics in 1922.70
9. Dr. Manuel Santa Maria y Bustamante (1868-1898; M.D. 1890), the

First Filipino Professor of Medicine and Prolific Medical Writer
Dr. Santa Maria was born on Christmas Eve to a prominent Chinese mes?
tizo family of Binondo. He entered the Ateneo Municipal in 1876 finishing
with a B.A degree, sobresaliente, in 1884. He took up the first three years of
the medical course at the U.S.T. from 1884 to 1887. He then continued his
studies at the University of Barcelona, where he graduated as a licentiate in
1889. On New Year's Eve of that year, he had been elected secretary of La
Solidaridady the Filipino association in Barcelona. He moved to Madrid,
where the following year, he was granted the M.D. degree by the Central
University. The title of his doctoral thesis was De la Pneumonia Fibrinosa
(On Fibrinous Pneumonia). Because of its "excellent" quality, it was published
in Madrid in the same year, consisting of 46 pages. Simultaneously, he was ap?
pointed associate professor of medicine at the renowned Hospital de la Prin
cesa, the teaching hospital of his alma mater in the Spanish capital.71
The first prolific Filipino medical writer and professor, Santa Maria pub?
lished five books in Madrid within three years after his-graduation as a doctor
(1890-1892). Besides his thesis, the other books were:72^
(1) Lecciones de Clinica Medica del Hospital de la Princesa, con un
pr?logo del Dr. Robert, Catedr?tico de Barcelona (Lectures in Clinical
Medicine at the Princess Hospital, with a prologue by Dr. Robert, Professor
of the University of Barcelona). Consisting of four hundred pages, it is a com?
pilation of his lectures to students and physicians in clinical medicine.
(2) Tratado Clinico y Terapeutico de las Infecciones, Paludismo y Dis
enteria, con un pr?logo del Academico Dr. Fern?ndez-Caro (Treatise on the
Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of the Infectious Diseases, Malaria and
Dysentery, with a prologue by Professor Dr. Fern?ndez-Caro). 140 pages.
(3) Estudio Sobre El C?lera-Morbo Asi?tico (Study on Asiatic Morbid

Cholera). About 100 pages.
(4) El Ictiol: Su Estudio Clinico y Terap?utico (Ictiol: Clinical and
Therapeutic Study). 60 pages.
Drs. Robert and Fern?ndez-Caro, two illustrious Spanish physicians of
their time, lauded and recommended Santa Maria's works to their fellow doc?
tors. Because of his towering achievements in the field of medicine at a young
age, Santa Maria was featured in 1893 in a cover article, together with his
graduation picture, in La Ilustraci?n Filipina, the elegant magazine of Manila
at the turn of the 19th century. Henceforth, Santa Maria became
Ilustracion's Madrid correspondent for science. As such, he published at least
10 medical articles for its readers in 1893.73
All in all, he published at least 114 medical articles in only eight years as a
doctor. These appeared in various medical journals and publications in Spain
such as Boletin de Medicina Naval, Gaceta Medica Catalana, Revista de
Mediana, Cirugia y Farmacia de Barcelona, Progreso Medico-Farmaceutico,
El Siglo Medico, Revista CUnica de Hospitales, Revista Medica Social, El Pats
and La Publicidad. His wide range of topics included clinical medicine and
therapeutics, pathology, infectious diseases, neurological disorders and
epidemiology and public health.74
He returned to the Philippines in 1894. Serving as the medico titular in
the South District of the Province of Tond? until 1897, he was transferred
thereafter to Pampanga with residence in Guagua. Unfortunately, during the
second phase of the Revolution, he was suspected of being a loyalist to the
Spanish government, for which he was cut down by the nationalist forces in
Guagua in 1898. Of the first Filipino doctors, he died the youngest and in the
most tragic manner at the age of 30.75
10. Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin (1863-1928; M.D. 1891), the First Filipino
Doctor Businessman and Philanthropist
The son of an affluent Chinese mestizo couple of St. Cruz, Manila, Don
Mariano A. Bautista and Dona Teresa Linpingco (which her son shortened
to Lin), Dr. Bautista was successful both as a physician and a businessman.
He studied at the Ateneo Municipal, graduating as a Bachelor of Arts in
1879. He next completed the course for the Licentiate in Medicine in 1885 at
the U.S.T. After a few years of research and data gathering for a thesis, he
sailed to Spain to study for the doctorate, which he successfully obtained from
the Madrid University in 1891. His dissertation was entitled "Consideraciones
acerca de los Abscesos del Higado en los Climas C?lidos" ("Considerations on
the Abscesses of the Liver in the Tropical Region" - referring to the Philip?
pines). It was published in Madrid in the same year. In between his medical
studies, he did his part for the Propaganda Movement.76
Back in the Philippines, he continued to support the movement by joining
the Nilad Lodge of Freemasons, which favored the propagandists. Like Drs.
Albert and Valdes, he was implicated in the Revolutionary turmoil, for which
he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago. In the second phase of the Revolution,
he taught his expertise, clinical medicine and therapeutics, at the Universidad
Cientifico-Literaria and represented Ceb?, together with Dr. T. H. Pardo de
Tavera, at the Malolos Congress. In 1903, he married Petrona Nakpil, sister
of Julio Nakpil, the musician of the Revolution (who had married Gregoria
de Jesus, the widow of Andres Bonifacio.)77
When the Philippine Medical School, which became the College of
Medicine and Surgery of the University of the Philippines, was organized in
1907, he accepted an appointment as professor of clinical medicine. He be?
came the first Filipino head of the department of medicine both in the college
and at the Philippine General Hospital from 1916 up to his death in 1928. He
had succeeded the first head, Dr. William Musgrave, who had resigned from
his dual positions as dean of the college and director of the hospital following
a general strike of nursing students who protested Dr. Musgrave's and the
chief nurse, Mrs. Elsie Gaches', punitive policies. Dr. Bautista was the ideal
replacement of the American administrator because Dr. Bautista was a gentle
physician with simple ways despite his prominence and wealth. He did not
charge poor patients and gave them free medications.78
Besides his inheritance from his parents, Dr. Bautista magnified his family
fortune by founding the Germinal Cigar and Cigarette Co. and working as a
director of the Agricultural Bank, which became the nucleus of the Philippine
National Bank. He became president of the Medical Board of Examiners in
addition to his manifold activities at La Protection de la Infancia, Colegio
M6dico-Farmac?utico and the Philippine Medical Association. A
philanthropist of boundless generosity, he awarded the Annual Germinal
Prize, consisting of a microscope and a complete set of surgical instruments,
to the valedictorian of the graduating class of the U.P. College of Medicine.
He also granted scholarships to brilliant Filipino students to widen their train?
ing abroad in their chosen fields. These included Fabian de la Rosa, now con?
sidered one of the greatest Filipino painters; Ernesto Vallejo, a celebrated
violinist; Juan Nakpil, later National Artist for architecture; and Dr. Elias
Domingo, the first Filipino psychiatrist. Like Dr. Albert, he left his library to
the U.P. College of Medicine.79
Dr. Arist?n Bautista Lin (Linpingco)

(Portrait by Romeo Enrfquez, Manila, 1958. U.P. College of Medicine Museum)
11. Dr. Dominador G?mez de Jesus (1866-1930; M.D. 1895), the Pioneer
Filipino Labor Leader
A nephew of the martyred priest, Padre Mariano G?mez de los Angeles

(1872), Dr. G?mez was born in the walled city of Manila, the son of Don Jose
G?mez and Dona Maria de la Paz de Jesus. Padre Feliciano G?mez, another
priest-patriot who was arrested with their uncle, Padre Mariano, was his
brother. Of revolutionary fame, Padre Manuel Trias y G?mez and General
Mariano Trias were his first cousin and nephew, respectively.80
He graduated as a Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal on 3
April 1881. He then took up medicine at the U.S.T. until 1887 when he left
for Spain for further studies. He finished the Licentiate in Medicine at the
University of Barcelona, most probably in 1889, for late in that year he trans?
ferred to Madrid apparently to pursue the doctorate.81
True to his family heritage, he readily threw himself into various tasks of
the Propaganda Movement in the Spanish capital: co-founding and being
elected twice as the secretary of the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina, writing
literary articles for La Vanguardia Filipina and La Solidaridad under the pen
name "Ramiro Franco," declaiming on behalf of the Filipino community on
important occasions involving Spanish statesmen and joining protests against
Spanish abuses in the Philippines such as the Calamba deportations of 1890.
Little wonder he completed his thesis and received the M.D. degree from the
Universidad Central de Madrid only in 1895.82
During the Spanish-American War he enlisted in the Spanish Army
Medical Corps in Cuba (which Rizal also tried to do but in vain). He rose to
the rank of captain. After the Treaty of Paris was signed which officially
ended the conflict in 1898, he returned to Madrid and worked as the secretary
of the Comite Revolucionario Filipino besides writing for the newspaper
Filipinas ante Europa. At about this time, he married Juana Pav?n.83
Returning to the Philippines in 1902 to attend to his aged mother, he
plowed his energy into the upliftment of the laborers' lot. He was elected
second president of the Union Obrera Democr?tica, succeeding Isabelo de los
Reyes. He is thus better known for his labor union activities than for his
medical practice. In Manila, he set up a clinic which attracted many patients
especially from the upper class. However, he treated poor patients for free.
His particular interests were ophthalmology and pediatrics. For a while, he
recommended the use of a belt called "oxypator" which was supposed to in?
vigorate its user but which stirred a howl of protests from his medical col?
leagues.84
The only pioneer doctor who challenged the fledgling colonialists, he was
dealt with severely by the mighty masters. No less than the "United States of
America" was the plaintiff in at least six cases filed against him on such char?
ges as abetting banditry, illegal assembly, incitement to rebellion and embez?
zlement. He was defended by his friend, Rafael del Pan, a Doctor of Laws
graduate of the University of Madrid (1887). Gomez was chosen president of
the Nacionalista Party. But when he was elected as the Manila representative
to the First National Assembly in 1907, he was declared a Spanish citizen and
disqualified. For "aggressive and illegal tactics," he was later thrown into the
Fortress of Corregidor, which was reserved for hardened criminals. Instead of
repressing his spirit, these skirmishes with the colonialists transformed him
into a formidable hero of the masses.85
As a mark of individuality, he wore a cerrada coat and a straw hat and car?
ried an anahaw fan. Though short and plump, he impressed his colleagues
and admirers, including his prisonmates, with his legendary physical strength.
It was said, for instance, that he could lift a boulder with the equivalent power
of "a dozen men."86
12. Dr. Isidoro de Santos y Ongsiaco (1873-1939; M.D. 1895), Forerunner

of the Philippine Institute of Hygiene
Dr. de Santos' father was Don Marcelino de Santos (1849-1927), the

Indio hacendero of Nueva Ecija having acquired that part of the Hacienda
Ezperanza from the Spanish government. (The Pangasinan part of the
Hacienda was obtained by Don Francisco Gonzalez.) Don Marcelino was a
major financial contributor to the Revolutionary cause and the first Philip?
pine Republic. His wife was Dona Irene Ongsiaco.87
The young Isidoro was educated at the Ateneo Municipal, where he
finished with a B. A degree in 1887. His father provided him and his siblings
with a private tutor in the person of Santiago Barcelona (1863-1937), the fu?
ture physician. Barcelona later married Isidoro's sister, Consuelo, and served
as one of the two personal physicians of Aguinaldo. (The other was Licentiate
Simeon Villa, father of the poet and National Artist, Jose Garcia Villa.) The
academic records of Isidoro and his tutor are interwoven because the latter's
education was also financed by Isidoro's father. Barcelona studied the first
five years of medicine at U.S.T., where he was ahead of Isidoro by two years.
The latter, in turn, also studied the first three years of the same course at
U.S.T.88
Both medical students left Manila on 4 June 1890 to finish their'licen
tiates at the University of Barcelona. Barcelona graduated on 30 June 1891,
and Isidoro on the same date two years later. They then traveled to Madrid
where they arrived on 2 August 1893 in order for Isidoro to enroll for the
doctorate at the Central University. Because Isidoro was one of the youngest
Filipino students in Madrid, he was called "?7 Joven Telemaco" But he him?
self preferred the alias "Igkis." He became a Doctor of Medicine in 1895.89
No sooner had Isidoro returned to the Philippines in 1896 than the
Revolution broke out and his father, being a prominent supporter of the
nationalist struggle, was incarcerated in Fort Santiago. Don Marcelino was
released at the behest of Dr. Barcelona. Fearing further retribution, the
patriarch packed up with his entire family, including Isidoro, his eldest son,
and went into exile in Singapore. After the outbreak of the Spanish
American War, Aguinaldo, who was then also in exile in Hong Kong, stayed
with the de Santos family during his brief sojourn in Singapore. In this city, it
was Isidoro who accompanied Aguinaldo in his interviews with the American
consul-general, Mr. E. Spencer Pratt. The diplomat apparently pledged
American alliance with the Filipino cause but this later proved to be a sham.90
Dr. de Santos specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and taught these
subjects at the Universidad Cientifico-Literaria. Aguinaldo later appointed
him a member of the Comite Central Filipino in Hong Kong, chaired by
another physician, Licentiate Galicano Apacible. There were two other
physician members of this committee: Licentiates Jose Lozada and Mariano
Ponce. This dynamic group formed the nerve center of all revolutionary ac?
tivities outside the archipelago (1896-1903) 91
When the Filipino struggle came to naught, Dr. de Santos tried to work
within the American colonial system. He was subsequently elected as the rep?
resentative of Manila to the Philippine Assembly in 1916. Specializing in
health legislation, he authored a bill establishing the Philippine Institute of
Hygiene. Ahead of his time, Dr. de Santos was disappointed that the impor?
tant bill was not passed because of criticisms of some of its provisions. The In?
stitute of Hygiene finally became a reality in 1927 as part of the University of
the Philippines and its medical center, which includes the College of
Medicine and the Philippine General Hospital.92
13. Dr. Francisco Liongson y Tongco (1869-1919; M.D. 1896), a Pioneer

Doctor as Successful Politician
A landed baron of Pampanga, Dr. Liongson was the son of Don Emigdio
Leongzon (the old spelling of their surname) and Dona Eulalia Tongco of
Bacolor. He finished the secondary course at the Colegio de San Juan de
Letrdn, and its parent institution, the University of Sto. Tomas, granted him
the title of Bachiller en Artes in 1887. A studious fellow, he initially earned the
T?ulo de Profesor de Segunda Ensenanza (High School Teacher's Diploma)

and the T?ulo de Agfimensor y Pento Tasador de Tienas (Title of Land Sur?
veyor and Expert Land Assessor) in 1888 and 1889, respectively, at U.S.T.93
Having decided to become a doctor, Liongson, together with Ramon
Riego de Di?s, a painter from Maragondong, Cavite, sailed for Spain in 1889
arriving in Barcelona in the summer of the same year. He then took the
entrance examinations at the Faculty of Medicine of San Carlos in Madrid
together with Simplicio Jugo Vidal and both passed without difficulties. La
Solidaridad noted the following year that Liongzon finished the first year of
the medical course with the grade "sobresaliente" or excellent. In his free
time, he helped whenever he could the Propaganda Movement. A handsome
young man, he was nicknamed "El Bello Paco" by his comrades. He joined the
protest against the deportations of prominent Calambenos to Mindoro in
1890. He also wrote, in the same year, a brief eulogy of his deceased fellow
medical student in Barcelona, Jose Ma. Panganiban, which was published in
La Solidaridad. The Universidad Central de Madrid granted him the degrees
of Licentiate in Medicine and Doctor of Medicine in 1895 and 1896 respec?
tively. He took post-graduate courses at the Pasteur Institute in Paris.94
He came back to the Philippines just before the outbreak of the second
phase of the Revolution. Thereupon he volunteered his services to the
Revolutionary government and was assigned as the army doctor in Bacolor
with the rank of captain. Later, he taught the advanced course in descriptive
anatomy and histology at the Universidad Cientifico-Literaria 95
After the American victory, he settled back in Bacolor and became the
municipal doctor. Later, he was appointed member of the provincial board of
health, and in this position he zealously promoted public health and sanita?
tion programs in the province. He also established a private clinic in Bacolor,
which was noted for its modern equipment.96
Dr. Liongson married Nonilon Ventura, daughter of Don Balvino and
sister of Don Honorio Ventura, thus uniting two great land-owning families
of Pampanga, both of which were involved in the prosperous sugar and rice
industries. The prized species of rice, "Elon-elon," was named for his wife. Dr.
Liongson's social prominence and prestige inevitably drew him into politics, in
which he became the most successful pioneer Filipino doctor. A leading mem?
ber of the Nacionalista Party, he was elected governor of Pampanga at his
second try in 1909. However, he lost the position fourteen months later in an
electoral protest which went all the way to the Supreme Court. He recovered
the governorship in 1912. Moving on to the senate in 1916, he died of a heart
attack while in office.97
Dr. Baldomero Roxas y Luz

14. Dr. Baldomero Roxas y Luz (1869-1965; M.D. 1897), "Doctor of the
Revolution"
A descendant of patrician families of Batangas on both sides, Dr. Roxas

was the fifth of eighteen children of Don Sixto Roxas and Dona Alejandra
Luz. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal until 25 March 1885, when he
graduated as a Bachelor of Arts. He initially studied medicine at the U.S.T.
from 1885 to 1889. Then his parents sent him to Spain to finish the last two
years of the licentiate at the University of Madrid. He was a close friend of
Rizal and was numbered among the seven Indios Bravos of Madrid organized
by the hero to instill Filipino pride in their accomplishments in various fields.
Unfortunately, the coffee industry, in which Roxas' parents were engaged in
Batangas, collapsed completely due to viral infestation from 1889 to 1892. No
spoiled scion, Roxas steeled himself by working while studying for several
years. This delayed the completion of his licentiate course to about 1894. At
long last, he received the doctorate of medicine from the Universidad Central
de Madrid in 1897. Afterwards, he took post-graduate training in obstetrics
and gynecology in Paris.98
Dr. Roxas returned to his country of birth the following year even though
he well knew that it was caught in the chaos of the second phase of the
Revolution. In fact, he plunged immediately into the nationalist cause by
volunteering as a medical adviser to the Aguinaldo cabinet. In Lip?, Batangas

and Taguig (now part of Metro Manila), he set up military hospitals. In Lip?,
he also published and wrote for the newspaper Columnas Volantes, which was
later suppressed by the Americans for its valiant views. He was ranked a
major in the staff of General Miguel Malvar, the last general to surrender to
the next colonizers. Being perhaps the most active doctor in the field, Roxas
was called "Doctor of the Revolution." He married Pilar QQ
Asuncion,
granddaughter of Justiniano Asuncion, master of the portrait.
The American administrators first employed Dr. Roxas as police surge
of Manila as well as physician of the fire department and the city h
employees. Realizing Roxas' higher credentials, they later invited him to b
pioneer professor of obstetrics, his true specialty, at the Philippine Med
School (now the College of Medicine of the University of the Philippi
when it was inaugurated in 1907. He taught in this institution until his ret
ment in 1941 serving for a total of 34 years, the last 20 years as the head of t
department of obstetrics of both the college and the Philippine Gen
Hospital. The board of regents of the University of the Philippines hono
him as professor emeritus of obstetrics.100
Dr. Roxas was elected president of the Philippine Medical Association as
well as the Philippine College of Surgeons. He was a charter member of the
National Research Council of the Philippines. The last to graduate among the
pioneer Filipino doctors during the Spanish Regime, he was also the last to
bow out of the medical world having continued with his private practice until
the age of 90. He died almost seven years later in 1965.1 1 The author of this
article, while a clinical clerk and intern at the Philippine General Hospital,
has fond memories of seeing Dr. Roxas in his white suit walking along the
corridors of the hospital with his valet probably as part of his daily exercise in
the evening of his life.
REFERENCE NOTES
1 Archives of the University of Sto. Tom?s (AUST). Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia.

Diligencias de Grados (DG) 1877; U.S.T. Alumni Association (USTAA). U.S.T. Graduate List?
ing 1611-1971. (Manila: U.S.T, 1972) pp. 15-C, 16-C & 41-C; Manuel Artigas y Cuerva. Las
Facultades de Medicina y Farmacia. Resena Hist?rica. (Manila: Morales, 1911); Gregorio Zaide.
Jos6 Rixal. Life, Works <? Writings. (Manila: Villanueva, 1961) p. 66; Luciano P.R. Santiago.
"The Filipino Priest-Doctors in the 19th Century (1801-1871)." Phil. Quarterly of Culture &
Society (PQCS) 13 (March 1985): 34-50; "The First Fil. Lay Doctors of Philosophy & of Laws
(1785-1871)." PQCS 16 (June 1988): 83-92.
2G. For6s-Ganzon (GFG), trans. La Solidaridad. (Quez?n City: Univ. of the Phil., 1967) 2
vols. (1889-90). passim.
Îbid.; John Schumacher. The Propaganda Movement. (Manila: Solidaridad, 1973); Onofre
D. Corpuz. Roots of the Fil. Nation. (Quez?n City, Aklahi, 1989).
4Ibid.
Îbid.; E. Arsenio Manuel. "Dr. Jos6 Albert." Dictionary of Phil. Biography (DPB). (Quez?n
City: Filipiniana, 1955,1970 & 1986) 3 vols. 3:17-18.
Êncarnaci?n Alzona. Galicano Apacible. Profile of a Filipino Patriot. (Manila: Apacible

Heirs, 1971).
7Personal interview with Dr. Jos6 M. Barcelona, son. San Ju?n, Metro Manila, 14 Aug.
1992; Dr. Santiago Barcelona. Libro de Oro (Memoirs & Clippings) MS.
8Manuel. "Dr. Arist?n Bautista Lin." DPB 2: 54-56.
9Manuel. "Fernando Canon Faustino." DPB 2: 99-102; Gregorio Zaide. "General Fernando
Canon." Great Filipinos in History. (Manila: Verde, 1970) pp. 137-141.
10GFG. La Solidaridad 1: 417 & 575.
H William Henry Scott. The Union Obrera Democrata. First Fil. Labor Union. (Quez?n
City: New Day, 1992) pp. 51-56; Melinda Trfa Kerkvliet. Manila Workers' Union 1900-1950
(Quez?n City: New Day, 1992) pp. 12-22.
12GFG. La Solidaridad 1: 535 & 537.
13Manuel. "Dr. Joaquin Gonz?lez." DPB 1:199-202.
14Personal Interview with Mrs. Lily Icasiano Berberabe, niece. Quez?n City. 25 Aug. 1992;
Dr. Pedro Icasiano. "Mga Pilipinong Marangal. Ram?n Icasiano." (Ama ni dr. Santiago Icasiano
atbp.) Muling Pagsilang. 19 Abril 1908; GFG. La Solidaridad 2: 65, 75 & 796; Corpuz. Roots 2:
149,150 & 317.
15Ibid. 2: 149, 151 & 542; Schumacher. Propaganda, pp. 169-171; Telephone Interview
with Mrs. Milagros Jugo Garcia, granddaughter. Makati, 22 Aug. 1992.
16Telephone Interview with Ms. Lourdes Liongson, daughter. Makati, 24 Aug. 1992; same
with Mr. Ernesto Ventura Santos, nephew & godson. Makati, Aug. & Sept. 1992; Corpuz. Roots
2:149,151,153,158 & 550.
^Zaide. "Graciano Lopez Jaena." Great Filipinos, pp. 254-263.
18GFG. La Solidaridad 2:595-641.
Âlfonso Ongpfn. "Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera." Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo
Americana. (EUIEA) (Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, 1907-30) 51:1446-1447.
20Manuel. "Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera." DPB 1: 317-347.
21 Personal Interviews with Ms. Amelita Paterno, granddaughter. San Juan, Metro Manila,
July 1992; AUST. Facultad de Medicinay Cirugia. 1889.
22 Alfonso Ongpin. "Maximino Paterno y de Vera Ignacio." EUIEA vol. 51; Ponciano
Reyes. Directorio Biogr?fico Filipino. (Manila: Germania, 1908); El Tricentenario de la Univ. de
Sto. Tomas 1611-1911. (Manila: UST, 1911).
23Reyes. Directorio; Zaide. Great Fil pp. 418-421.
24GFG. La Solidaridad 1:220.
25Zaide. Rizal. p. 66.
26GFG. La Solidaridad 1:864 & 870.
27Manuel. DPB 3:226-227.
28Reyes. Directorio; Sol Gwekoh. "Doctor de la Revolucion." The Manila Times 22 Feb.
1967.
2^M. (Miguel Zaragoza). "D. Manuel Santa Maria y Bustamante, Doctor en Medicina." La
Ilustracion Filipino. 14 Enero 1893. pp. 10-11.
30Personal Interview with Dr. Jose* M. Barcelona, nephew (Note 7); Barcelona. Libro de
Oro.
31Manuel. "Dr. Benito Valde*s." DPB 1:468-471.
32M?ximo Viola. "Mis Viajes con El Dr. Rizal." Escritos de Jose Rizal Diarios y Memorias.
Tomo I. (Manila: Comision Nacional del Centenario de Jos6 Rizal, 1961) pp. 310-339;
Telephone Interview with Atty. Rafael Viola, son. Manila, July 1992.
33Board of Health. Report of Vital Statistics. 1900-1904. (Manila: Bureau of Printing,

1904). In the list of municipal physicians, some had "MD" and others had "LM" after their names
but all had the title of "Dr." before their names; USTAA. Graduate Listing.
34Ibid.; AUST. Fac. de Med. DG; Artigas y Cuerva. Las Facultades; Isagani Medina.
Filipiniana Materials in The National Library. (Manila: TNL & UP, 1971) # 2433. This entry
refers to Ginard's book, Manual de Medicina Domestica, published in Manila in 1858.
35AUST. Fac. de Med. Z>G 1877; Manuel. "Dr. Gonzalez."
36Ibid.
USTAA. Graduate Listing.
^Manuel, "Dr. Gonz?lez."
39Ibid.
Îbid.; "Testimony of Don Felipe Calder?n to the Philippine Commission. (17 Oct. 1900)"
U.S. Senate Document No. 190 (56th Congress, 2nd Session, 1901) pp. 133, 140 & 150; "Sub?
delegation de Medicfna y Cirugfa." Guia Oficial de las Isias Filipinos para el ano 1881. (Manila,
1880) pp. 50-51. Under "Profesores Espaftoles" is listed Licenciado Don Joaqufn Gonzalez y
L?pez; Rolando Villacorta. Baliuag: Then and Now. (Caloocan City: Phil Graphic Arts, 1970)
pp. 5-6. This book mentions the background of the Gonz?lez family of Baliuag; The National
Archives. "Testamentario de D. Pedro Lloret." Bienes de Difuntos. legajo 89. This contains the
baptismal certificate of Francisco Amparo Gonz?lez, son-in-law of the testator & younger
brother of Dr. Gonz?lez. The child's father was simply identified as "Padre Espaflol."
4*Manuel. "Dr. Gonz?lez."
42Ibid.
43Ibid.
^Manuel. "Joaqufn Pardo de Tavera." & "T.H. Pardo de Tavera." DPB 1:313-347;
Ongpfn. "Joaqufn Pardo de Tavera." & "T.H. Pardo de Tavera." EUIEA 51:1147-1148.
45Ibid.
Îbid.; Luciano P.R. Santiago. "Philippine Titles of the Spanish Nobility." PQCS 19 (Dec.
1991): 281-287.
47Ibid.; Artigas. Facultades.
Îbid.
49Ibid.
50Ateneo de Manila (ADM). List of Graduates. (Quez?n City: ADM, 1952); GFG. La
Solidaridad 1:864 & 870.
51Ibid.
52ADM. List of Grads, p. 4; The National Archives. Academia de Dibujo y Pintura (1850
1898). 3 legajos; Luciano P.R. Santiago. "Phil. Acad. Art: The Second Phase." PQCS 17 (March
1989) 67-89; Manuel Blanco. Flora de Filipinos. Gran Edici?n. (Manila: Plana y Ca, 1877-1883)
6 tomos; Santiago. "Painters of Splendor: The Artists of Flora de Filipinas." in Blanco. Flora de
Fit (Manila: Re-issued by San Agustin Convent, 1993) 3 vols. 1:25-44; Ongpfn. "F.P. de
Tavera."
53Ibid.
MIbid.; Santiago Pilar. Juan Luna. The Filipino as Painter. (Manila: E. Lopez, 1980); Year
<& place of death were provided by Dr. Mita Pardo de Tavera, grandniece of biographee.
55Ongpfa. "Maximo Paterno;" "Maximino Paterno" & Tedro Paterno." EUIEA. Tomo 51;
Antonio Paterno, Jr. & Felipe Paterno. Paterno Family Tree. MSS.
56ADM. List of Grads, p. 4; AUST. Fac de Med. DG 1889; Personal interview with Ms.
Amelita Paterno (Note 21); Metropolitan Museum of Manila. Unang Pambansang Eksibisyon sa
Paggunita kina Juan Luna at Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. (Manila: Metropolitan Museum of
Manila, 1988) pp. 26-27. This portrait of Antonio Paterno was mislabeled in the caption as that
of Antonio Luna probably because the original dedication on the canvas is as follows: "A mi
querido Antonio (first line) Luna, Madrid, 81." (second line). The portrait does not resemble
Antonio Luna at all. The error was reported by Ms. Amelita Paterno, granddaughter of the sub?
ject, whose family had owned the portrait for almost a century.
57USTAA Graduate Listing; AUST. Fac. de Med. DG 1889; Gula Ofwial de las Isias
Filipinos para elAno 1893; 1894 & 1895. (Manila, 1892,1893 & 1894); Cartas entre Rizaly sus
C?legas de la Propaganda. (Manila: Comisi?n Nacional del Centenario de Jose* Rizal, 1961)
Tomo II, Libro 3.o, Parte 2.a p. 865.
58Manuel. "Dr. Benito Vald?s;" USTAA Graduate Listing.
59Ibid.; AUST. Fac. de Med. DG 1887.
Îbid.
61Santiago. The First Fil. Lay Doctors;" Santiago. "The First Filipino Doctors of Pharmacy
(1890-93)." PQCS 22 (June 1994); Manuel. "Dr. Mariano V. del Rosario." & "Dr. Salvador V.
del Rosario."
62Ibid.; USTAA Graduate Listing; Sulpicio Guevarra, ed. The Laws of the First Phil
Republic 1898-1899. (Manila: National Historical Commission, 1972) p. 216; Jose* Bantug. A
Short History of Medicine in the Phil during the Spanish Regime. 1565-1898. (Manila: Colegio
Mddico-FarmaceuticodeFil., 1953) pp. 158-159.
63Ibid.; Manuel. "Dr. S.V. del Rosario."
64Ibid.; Board of Health. Report 1900-1904; USTAA Grad. Listing.
65Manuel. "Dr. Albert."
Îbid.; ADM. List of Grads.; GFG. La Solidaridad 2:1.
^7Ibid.; Guevarra. Laws.
Îbid.; Eugene Stransky. "A Short History of Pediatrics in the Phil." Phil. Journal of
Pediatrics (PJP) 8:99-101; "Pioneers of Pediatrics in the Phil." PJP 2:45; U.P. College of
Medicine (UPCM). Diamond Jubilee Book (1907-1982) (Manila: UPCM, 1982) pp. 72-75 &
108; Phil. Gen. Hospital (PGH). Golden Jubilee Book 1910-1960. (Manila: PGH, 1960) p. 67.
69Ibid.; Carmelo Reyes. "Dr. Gregorio Singi?n de Miranda y Torres - Patrician and
Yeoman." Supplement to The Phil. J. of Surgery & Surgical Specialties 18 (Nov.-Dec. 1963): 16;
Narciso Cordero. To While Away an Idle Hour. (Q.C.: UP, 1971) pp. 48-76 & 142-145.
70Ibid.
71 ADM. List of Grads.; AUST. Fac. de Artes. DG 1884 (Many ADM records after 1863
are also preserved in AUST); Schumacher. Propaganda, p. 119; Zaragoza. "Doctor Santa
Maria."
72Ibid.
73Ibid.; La Ilustraci?n Fil. tomo II (1893).
74Ibid.; E.B. Rodriguez. "Bibliography on Phil. Scientific Subjects." in Zoilo Galang. En?
cyclopedia of the Phil (Manila: Floro, 1957) 13:78-80; Bantug. Short History, p. 159.
75Ibid.; Gufa Oficial 1895-1898.
76ADM. List of Grads.; USTAA. Grad. Listing; AUST. Fac. de Med. DG 1885; Arist?n
Bautista Lin. Consideraciones acerca de los abcesos del Hfgado en los climas c?lidos (Filipinas).
Tesis del Doctorado en Medicina, leida y sostenida el dia 30 de Junio de 1891 ante el tribunal de
grados formado del presidente Excmo. Sr. Dr. D. Juli?n Calleja y S?nchez, vocales Dr. Antonio
F. Chac?n, Dr. Jos6 Sanz, Dr. Pedro Izquierdo y Ruiz, Dr. Jose* Grinda Forner, secretario.
(Madrid: D. Arist?n Bautista Lin, 1891) cited in Manuel Artigas y Cuerva. Bibliografla Medico
Farmace'utica (Manila: Morales, 1915) no. 138, p. 95; Manuel. "Dr. Bautista Lin."
77Ibid.; Gregorio Zaide. "Julio Nakpil." Great Fil. p. 345.
78Ibid.; UP CM. Diamond lubilee. pp. 50-53 & 108; PGH. Golden lubilee. pp. 27-50 & 57
58; 77h? Hospital 1910-1985. 75 Years of the UP-PGH Medical Center (Manila: UP-PGH, 1986)
p. xvi.
79Manuel. "Dr. Bautista Lin."
80Bantug. Short History, pp. 152-153; Luciano P.R. Santiago. "The Last Will of Padre
Mariano Gomes." Phil. Studies 30 (1982) 395-407; "Genealogy of Padre Mariano Gomes." MS
1984.
81 ADM. List of Grads.; Reyes. Directorio Biogr?fico; Bantug. Short History; Scott. Uni?n;
Kerkvliet. Manila Workers.
82Ibid.; Schumacher. Propaganda; GFG. La Solidaridad 1:746 & 865; 2:185,644 & 870.
83Ibid.
84Ibid.
85Ibid.
86Ibid.
slTinigng S?linlahi (A Newsletter for the De Santos Family) vol. 1 (1983) no. 1, p. 5 & no.
2, pp. 2-3 & 13-14; Marcelino de Santos Presents Six Colorful Generations (Souvenir Program)
Club Filipino 19 Feb. 1983. n.p.; Marcelino de Santos 1847-1927 (Souvenir Program) Reunion
'92. pp. 7-9.
Îbid.; ADM. List of Grads.; Interview with Dr. Barcelona (Note 7); Barcelona. Libro de
Oro.
89Ibid.
9?Ibid.; Isidoro de Santos. "Consul Spencer Pratt Celebrates a Fiesta. (Letter of Isidoro de
Santos to Felipe Agoncillo, dated at Singapore 9 June 1898.)" Phil. Soc. Sc. Review 1 (1935): 49
51; Aguinaldo's Odyssey as Told in the Diaries of Col. Simeon Villa & Dr. Santiago Barcelona.
(Manila: Bureau of Public Libraries, 1963) p. 12.
91Ibid.; Manuel DPB 1:200; Esteban de Ocampo. First Fil. Diplomat: Felipe Agoncillo
(1859-1941). (Manila: Nat'l. Historical Institute, 1978) pp. lOln. & 342; Alzona. Apacible. pp.
67-77.
92Bantug. Short History, p. 162; Artigas. Bibliografla. p. 161.
93AUST. Fac. de Artes. DG 1887; USTAA. Grad. Listing; Interviews with Ms. Lourdes
Liongson & Mr. Ernesto Santos (see Note 16); Galang. Encyclopedia of the Phil. 2:367.
94Ibid.; GFG. La Solidaridad. 1: 535 & 2: 410,448,638,640 & 642-644.
9Îbid.; Manuel. DPB 1:200; John Larkin. The Pampangans. Colonial Society in a Phil.
Province. (Berkeley: Univ. of Calif.; 1972) pp. 95n. & 108-109.
%Ibid. p. 163, Ency. of the Phil. 2:237.
97Ibid.; Interviews with Ms. Liongson & Mr. Santos; Larkin. The Pampangans. pp. 142,
169,189, 190-194,199, 244, 263, 264, 266-267 & 286; Information about "Elon-elon" rice came
from Dr. Isagani Medina, prof, of history, U.P.
98National Historical Institute. Roxas-Panganiban Genealogical Chart (Batangas) MS

1988; ADM. List of Grads.; Reyes. Directoio Biogr?fico; Gwekoh. "Doctor de la Revoluci?n."
77k? Manila Times 22 Feb. 1967.
^lb\6.\Asunci6n Genealogical Chart (courtesy of Prof. Rafael Asuncion).
100Ibid.; PGH. Golden Jubilee, pp. 27-34 & 61-63; Reyes. "Dr. Singi?n." p. 16; Benjamfn
Barrera. "In Memoriam: Dr. Baldomero Roxas." Acta Med. Phil. Oct.-Dec. 1965. pp. 119-120.
lÎbid.; "Necrological Services for the late Dr. Baldomero L. Roxas." (Program) 27 Oct.
1965. UP-PGH Science Hall, Manila.

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University of San Carlos Publications

THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY (1878-97)

THE FIRST FILIPINO DOCTORS OF MEDICINE AND

Luciano RR. Santiago, M.D.

The first Faculty of Medicine in the Philippines was established belatedly

country. Like Rizal, some of them were so engrossed in nationalist activities

Filipino Medical Students in Europe

The following is an alphabetical list, probably almost complete, of the

The First Filipino Doctors of Medicine and Surgery (1878-97)

Name Life Span Birthplace/ Racial Institution,

1. Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez 7/22/1853 Baliuag, ME UST BA ca.1870

2. Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo 4/13/1857 Manila EF-c UST BA 1873

3. Dr. Enrique Rogers 7/15/1857 Sta. Cruz, EF ADM BA 1875

4. Dr. Felix Pardo de 2/21/1859 Manila EF-c ADM BA 1876

5. Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno 1/17/1860 Sta. Cruz, MS ADM BA 1876

6. Dr. Benito Valdes 3/21/1860 Floridablanca, ME UST BA 1878

7. Dr. Salvador Vivencio 3/18/1864 Manila MS UST BA 1879

8. Dr. Jose Albert 4/3/1867 Binondo, MS ADM BA 1882

9. Dr. Manuel Sta. Maria 12/24/1868

10. Dr. Arist?n Bautista 2/22/1863 Sta. Cruz, MS ADM BA 1879

11. Dr. Dominador Gomez 11/5/1866 Manila MS ADM BA 1881

12. Dr. Isidore) de Santos 4/4/1873 Tond?, MS UST BA 1887

13. Dr. Francisco Liongson 12/3/1869 Bacolor, MS UST BA 1887

14. Dr. Baldomero Roxas 2/27/1869 Lip?, MS ADM BA 1885

ADM - Ateneo de Manila

19. Mariano Ponce y Collantes (1863-1918) of Baliuag, Bulac?n, L.M.

The First Filipino Physicians were Licentiates in Medicine and

To the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Sto. Tomas was assigned

The First Filipino Doctors of Medicine and Surgery (1878-1897)

1. Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez Lopez (1853-1900), the First Filipino Doctor of

A Spanish mestizo, Dr. Gonz?lez graduated as a Bachelor of Arts from

Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez L?pez

Universidad Cientifico-Literaria de Filipinas (1898-99). In this short-lived in?

2. Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (1857-1925;

In the racial computations of his era, Dr. Pardo de Tavera was a

Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho

The younger brother of Trinidad Hermenegildo, Felix finished his A.B.

Dr. Felix Pardo de Tavera y Gorricho (center)

5. Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio (1860-95; M.D. 1884), a

Born in his family's Hacienda del Carmen in Floridablanca, Pampanga,

Dr. Antonio Molo Paterno y de Vera Ignacio

Dr. Benito Valdes y Salvador

He belonged to a brilliant Chinese mestizo family of doctors in various

1889. A physician-writer, he contributed literary articles to La Solidaridad

transferred to the Central University of Madrid, where he completed the

Dr. Jose" Albert y Mayoralgo

Dr. Manuel Santa Marfa y Bustamante

colleagues. In the beginning, since they thought in Spanish and tended to

9. Dr. Manuel Santa Maria y Bustamante (1868-1898; M.D. 1890), the

(3) Estudio Sobre El C?lera-Morbo Asi?tico (Study on Asiatic Morbid

Dr. Arist?n Bautista Lin (Linpingco)

A nephew of the martyred priest, Padre Mariano G?mez de los Angeles

12. Dr. Isidoro de Santos y Ongsiaco (1873-1939; M.D. 1895), Forerunner

Dr. de Santos' father was Don Marcelino de Santos (1849-1927), the

13. Dr. Francisco Liongson y Tongco (1869-1919; M.D. 1896), a Pioneer

T?ulo de Profesor de Segunda Ensenanza (High School Teacher's Diploma)

Dr. Baldomero Roxas y Luz

A descendant of patrician families of Batangas on both sides, Dr. Roxas

volunteering as a medical adviser to the Aguinaldo cabinet. In Lip?, Batangas

1 Archives of the University of Sto. Tom?s (AUST). Facultad de Medicina y Cirugia.

^Encarnaci?n Alzona. Galicano Apacible. Profile of a Filipino Patriot. (Manila: Apacible

8Manuel. "Dr. Arist?n Bautista Lin." DPB 2: 54-56.

10GFG. La Solidaridad 1: 417 & 575.