Research methods in business

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Submitted By. 17232720-074

Section: MBA 3rd

Conflict management and potential opposition or incompatibilities
Literature review:
conflict management:
Conflict management refers to the techniques and ideas designed to reduce the negative effects of
conflict and enhance the positive outcomes of all parties involved. (HRZone, 2018)

The practice of recognizing and dealing with disputes in a rational balanced and effective way. Conflict
management implemented within a business environment usually involve effective communication
problem resolving abilities and good negotiating skills to restore the focus to the company’s overall goal.
(BusinessDictionary, 2018)

Conflict management is the practice of being able to identify and handle conflict sensibly, fairly ,and
efficiently. (Study.com, 2018)

Potential opposition and incompatibility

Conditions create opportunities for conflicts:
1. Communication
2. Structure
3. Personal values
Communication:
communication is a system through which people share ideas, feelings, thoughts, facts, opinion,
values and emotions with each other. It acts as a bridge of meaning among people.
(Bizcom_coach, 2015)
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another.
(SkillsYouNeed, 2018)
Structure:
Construction or framework of identifiable elements which gives form and stability and resist
stresses and strains. Structures have defined boundaries within (1) each element is physically or
functionally connected to other elements, and (2) the elements themselves and their inter
relationships are taken to be either fixed or changing on occasionally or slowly .
(BusinessDictionary, 2018)
Personal values:
Code of ethics and belief system of an individual. (BusinessDictionary, 2018)
Personal values are the general expression of what is most important for you. A value expresses
the worth of something, and in this case what you categorical like and dislike. So they are like
categories for all your preferences in life. Values are formed starting in early childhood and are
later consciously re-evaluated and can therefore be changed. (MYRKOTHUM, 2013)
Relationship between conflict management and communication, structure and
personal values:
COMMUNICATION: Alexandra had worked in supply chain management at Briit Myers Squibb
for 3 years. Her manager Harry was a great boss and under his supervision she enjoyed her work
in large part. then Harry got promoted and Chuck took his place. 6 months later Alexandra says
her job is a lot more irritating and frustrating. Harry and I were in the same wavelength. Its not
that way with chuck. He tells me somethings, and I do it. Then he tells me and I did it wrong. I
think he require one thing but says something else. It been like this since the day he arrived. I
don’t think a day goes by when he is not screaming at me for something. You know, there are
some people you just find it easy to communicate with. Well, chuck is not are of those.
Alexandra situation show that Communication can be a source of conflict. Opposing forces that
appears from semantic barriers, misunderstandings, irrationalism and “noise” in the
communication channels can affect performance.
Insufficient exchange of information, lack of knowledge, lack of interest, differing word
connotations, and noise in the communication channels are all barriers to communication and
potential previous conditions to conflict are major causes of decrease in performance.
The potential for conflict increases when either too little or too much communication takes place.
Apparently, with a resultant increase in the potential for conflict, an increase in communication
is functional up to a point, after which it is possible to overcommunicate which creates confusion
and ultimately performance of individual affect. (Organizational Behavior, 2012)

STRUCTURE: Charlotte and Mercedes both work at the Portland furniture , a large discount
furniture retailer. Charlotte is a salesperson on the floor, and Mercedes is a company credit
manager. The two women have known each other for years and have much in common: they
live within two blocks of each other, and their oldest daughters attend the same middle school
and are best friends. If charlotte and Mercedes have different jobs, they might be best friends
themselves, but they are frequently fighting battles with each other. Charlotte job is to sell
furniture, and she does it well. But most of her sales are made on credit because Mercedes job is
to make sure the company minimizes credit losses, she regularly has to turn down the credit
applications of customers with whom charlotte has just closed a sale. Its nothing personal
between the women; the requirements of their jobs just bring them into conflict. The conflict
between charlotte and Mercedes are structural in nature. The term structure in this context
includes variables such as size of the group, degree of specialization in the tasks allocated to
group members, leadership styles, reward systems, jurisdictional clarity, and the degree of
dependence between groups.
Specialization and size can encourage conflict. The larger the group and the more specialized its
activities , the greater the occurrence of conflict. There is adverse relationship between tenure
and conflict. When group members are younger and turnover is high, the potential for conflict is
also high and all this ensures uncertain outcomes. (Organizational Behavior, 2012)
The interaction of interdependent people who consider opposition of goals, objectives, and
values, and who see the other party as potentially intervening with the realization of their goals.
The basis of conflicts therefore lies in the interdependent behaviors of organizational members,
the consideration of incompatibility regarding various issues, business affairs and matters in
organizations, and the role of interaction that allows expression of incompatibility. While
conflict is an optimal level, satisfaction and lack of interest should be minimized, motivation
enhanced through the creation of a challenging and surprised environment and organizational
structure with strength that makes work interesting. (Robbins, Odendaal, Roodt, 2003).
PERSONAL VALUES: Have you ever met for whom you felt an instant dislike? You disagreed
with most of the opinions has expressed. Even insignificant characteristics- the sound of his
voice, the sneer when he smiled, his personality-annoyed you. We have all met people like that.
When you have to work with such individuals, the potential for conflict rises. Our last element
of potential sources of conflict is Personal variables, which includes personality, emotions,
values, attitude and behavior of an individual towards something or someone. (Organizational
Behavior, 2012)
No two persons can be of the same temperament and intelligence. That is why the clash of
personalities can be a barrier. Emotionalism leads to irrationalism and no body is ready to listen
to our irrational talk. Our response towards something or someone is often influenced by our
attitude, values and opinions. If response is according to our hopes, we react to it favorably, and
performance outcome will also b favorable towards organization’s goals, whereas we tend to
reject disagreeable response. Similarly, emotions of anger, fear, or hatred affect the meaning of a
message. (Business Communication, 2012)

MODEL:
Potential oppositional channels conflict management performance outcome

communication

Performance
Structure Conflict management
outcome

Personal values
Works Cited
(2012). In P. I. Hashmi, & P. Rizwan-Us-Saeed, Business Communication (p. 306). Lahore,
Punjab, Pakistan: Azeem Academy.
(2012). In S. P. Robbins, & T. A. Judge, Organizational Behavior (p. 676). Los Angeles;Miami,
California;Florida, America: prentice Hall.
Bizcom_coach. (2015). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from What is Communication? | Meaning of
Communication: https://bizcommunicationcoach.com/what-is-communication-meaning-
of-communication/
BusinessDictionary. (2018). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from conflict management:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/conflict-management.html
BusinessDictionary. (2018). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from Structure:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/structure.html
BusinessDictionary. (2018). Retrieved october 7, 2018, from personal value:
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/personal-value.html
HRZone. (2018). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from What is Conflict Management?:
https://www.hrzone.com/hr-glossary/what-is-conflict-management

MYRKOTHUM. (2013). Retrieved october 7, 2018, from Do You Know Your Personal Values?:
http://www.myrkothum.com/personal-values/

SkillsYouNeed. (2018). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from What is Communication?:

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/ips/what-is-communication.html

Study.com. (2018). Retrieved october 5, 2018, from What Is Conflict Management? - Definition, Styles &
Strategies: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-conflict-management-definition-styles-
strategies.html

what are reasons of miscommunication? (2012). In p. i. hashmi, & p. Rizwan-Us-Saeed, Business

Communication (p. 306). lahore, punjab, Pakistan: Azeem Academy.