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Endocrine Review

1. What is the type of gland that secretes hormones?

2. What gland secretes releasing hormones?
3. What is the other name for the anterior pituitary gland?
4. What is the other name for the posterior pituitary gland?
5. What gland secretes ACTH, TSH, and the gonadotropins?
6. What gland secretes ADH and oxytocin?
7. What is the target organ of ACTH?
8. What is the target organ of TSH?
9. What is the target organ of the releasing hormones?
10. What is a target organ of the gonadotropins?
11. What is the other name for lactogenic hormone?
12. What is the target organ of prolactin?
13. What anterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk production by the mammary
glands?
14. What hormone requires iodine for its synthesis?
15. What posterior pituitary hormone stimulates the kidney to reabsorb water?
16. What is another name for ADH?
17. Which hormone it stimulates the uterine contractions during labor?
18. What gland secretes T3 and T4?
19. What is the term for an enlargement of the thyroid gland?
20. Name a disease caused by hyperthyroidism (excessive secretion of T3 and T4).
21. What causes myxedema?
22. What gland secretes calcitonin?
23. Cretinism develops during childhood in response to a severe decline in the function of
which gland?
24. T3 and T4 are secreted in response to this anterior pituitary hormone.
25. This hormone is released in response to declining plasma calcium.
26. These four tiny glands are located in the posterior wall of the thyroid gland
function in calcium balance.
27. What mineral is regulated by PTH and calcitonin?
28. What mineral does PTH stimulate the kidney to excrete?
29. This gland secretes the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.
30. Secretion of the adrenal medulla resembles the effects of this division of the
autonomic nervous system.
31. This gland secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens.
32. What is the chief glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex?
33. What is the hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that
regulates Na+ reabsorption?
34. Sugar, salt, and sex refer to the secretion of steroids by this gland.
35. This hormone increases plasma calcium through its effects on the bone, kidney, and
intestine.
36. Stimulation of osteoclastic activity is stimulated by this
hormone?
37. What is the type of molecule are cortisol, aldosterone, and
testosterone?

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38. What pituitary hormone is “shut down” through negative feedback control as the
plasma level of cortisol increases?
39. What is the clinical condition caused by a chronic adrenal insufficiency?
40. What is the clinical condition caused by an oversecretion of cortisol?
41. What clinical condition is induced by the long-term administration of high-dose
prednisone (a steroid similar to cortisol)?
42. The adrenal glands sit atop this organ.
43. What gland secretes both insulin and glucagon?
44. What hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans?
45. What hormone is secreted by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans?
46. What pancreatic hormone increases blood glucose by hepatic (liver)
glycolysis?
47. What pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose?
48. What is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose?
49. What clinical condition has been referred to as “the melting down of the flesh and limbs
into urine?”
50. What clinical condition is caused by a deficiency of insulin?
51. What clinical condition is caused by a deficiency of ADH?
52. What is the result of prolonged and rapid breakdown of fatty acids, as in diabetes
mellitus?
53. What gland secretes melatonin and is called the body’s “biological clock?”