1 Power Developed by the Operator of Machine

Power of useful work done by an average human on the drive machine is given by:

Power= 0.35−0.092𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑡 3.1

where, t is the operation time in minutes. The developed power by a chain drive is:
𝑚
𝑃𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 (𝑘𝑔𝑓)× 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒( )
𝑠
𝐻𝑃 = 3.2
75

from other equation of drive machine as given below:

2 ×𝜋 × 𝑁𝑤 × 𝑇𝑤
𝐻𝑃 = 3.3
4500

where, Nw is the speed of ground wheel in RPM while Tw is the torque on the wheel.

𝑚
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 ( ) × 100
𝑠
𝑁𝑤 = 3.4
𝜋 ×60

The torque on each wheel is:

𝑇𝑤 = 𝐾𝑤 × 𝑊𝑡 × 𝑅𝑤 3.5

where Kw is the coefficient of rolling resistance (0.3 for the metallic wheel) and Wt (kg) is the

active weight of the machine and Rw (cm) is the radius of ground wheel.
3.2 Maximum Bending Moment on the Shaft

The power is transfer to the machine by the chain drive system so for the measurement of

the bending moment of the shaft or machine is measured by the theorem of the chain drive system.

So, load on the chain or chain load (Q) is:

𝑄 = 𝐾𝑙 × 𝑃𝑡 (𝑘gf) 3.6

Where Kl is the coefficient of chain (1.15 for the mild steel) and Pt is the push force of the

chain. Now chain drive is working at an angle φ with respect to the horizontal axis. Therefore,

equivalent chain load 𝑄𝑣 on the machine is:

𝑄𝑣 = 𝑄 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 3.7

for the maximum bending moment on the shaft given by the chain drive system,

Mb = (Weight on the wheel × overhung) + (𝑄𝑣 × overhung) 3.8

Hence; Equivalent bending moment = √( 𝑀𝑏 2 + 𝑀𝑡 2 ) 3.9

where,
𝑀𝑡 = 𝑇𝑊 3.10

π
𝑀𝑒𝑞 = 𝑑3 𝜏𝑠 3.11
16

from the equation (3.11) the diameter of the shaft of the machine is:
16
𝑑3 = 𝑀𝑒𝑞 3.12
πτ𝑠

where, d (cm) diameter of shaft.

3.3 Design of the Size of the Seeder

For the design of the planter, first of all we design the number of furrow opener for the

sowing of the seeds. The number of furrow opener Z in the planter,

Draft of the planter (𝐷) 𝑘𝑔𝑓

Z= 3.13
draft of each row (d𝑠 )

the working width of the machine (W) = Z × row to row distance.

3.4. Design of Seed Hopper

For the volume of seed hopper,

Vb = 1.1 × Vs 3.14

and for the volume of seed,

Weight of seed in the box (𝑊𝑠)𝑔

Vs = 3.15
Bulk density of the seed (ϒ𝑠 ) 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3

from the structure of seed hopper,

(Vb)= Va+ Vb 3.16

3.5 Design of Seed Metering Device

The design of the seed metering device the most important thing is that how many cells

would be developed for desired crop by that the requirement of the plant to plant spacing is

achieved. The number of cells on the seed metering device is:

π × diameter of drive wheel (𝑑𝑤 )

Ns = 3.17
drive ratio (𝑁) × plant spacing (𝑋)
for the diameter of the seed metering device is:

𝑉𝑟
Dm (cm) = 3.18
π 𝑁𝑟
where, Vr is Peripheral velocity of seed metering device (m/min) and Nr is the rpm of seed

metering device.

3.7 Determination of Planter Capacity

The capacity of the planter may be determined in terms of the area of land covered per time

during planting or the number of seeds planted per time of planting. The capacity of the planter in

terms of the area of land covered per time may be obtained from the following expression:

Area covered by the planter

CPA = 3.19
1000

where, CPA is capacity of planter in hectare/time. The capacity of the planter in terms of number

of seeds planted per time may be obtained from the following expression:

Distance covered by planter per time s𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑠

CNP = row spacing
× No. of seeds per hole (
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠
) 3.20