THE EFFECTIVENESS OF APPLE CIDER COMBINED WITH VARIOUS CITRUS FRUITS

(CALAMANSI, LEMON , ORANGE) FOR SKIN SOFTENING AND WHITENING PURPOSES

A Research Paper

Notre Dame of Greater Manila

Grace Park, Caloocan City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Subject Requirement

In Research

Submitted by:

Ywan Galura

Paul Caligagan

John Del Pilar

Submitted to:

Mr. Ayque

Chapter 1
 Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study

Apple cider has recently been around the mainstream media in recent years. Besides its

kitchen use, many drink apple cider either alone, or diluted with water to improve

digestive health and even regulate blood sugar. The benefits of apple cider vinegar doesn't

stop inside the body because it is also used to improve one's scalp, hair, and mostly skin

properties. “Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been used as a natural remedy for thousands

of years. In fact, it’s said that Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, used ACV to

help disinfect and treat skin wounds more than 2,000 years ago.” says Raechele Cochran

Gathers, MD, a board certified dermatologist and founder of MDhairmixtress.com.

Lemons are a powerhouse of nutrients, vitamin C and abundant minerals- a perfect

storehouse of all the goodness our hair, skin and nails need. Orange has natural properties

that when applied to the skin can slow down signs of aging. Calamansi juice can also tone

and refine the skin when applied topically. All of these citrus fruits mentioned contain a

lot of vitamin C. Vitamin C is the key to the many benefits citrus provides to the skin.

1.2 Research Problem

According to Michael Kassardjian, Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, board-certified

dermatologist at Coast Dermatology in Torrance, California "In general, apple cider

vinegar may have antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties." Due to these

properties ACV can help whiten and soften the skin. The citric acid and polyphenolic

antioxidants contained in ACV can help exfoliate, brighten and smoothen skin. According

to the book 'Healing Foods' by DK Publishing "The family of juicy fruits not only includes
lemons, lime, oranges and grapefruit, but also tangerines, mandarins, and less widely

eaten fruits, such as pomelos and kumquats. Their vitamin C content is legendary, and

regular consumption can help reduce the risk of heart diseases, kidney stones and

infections of all kinds. They boost good digestion and have alkalising and detoxifying

properties.".

With all the expensive over the counter products that promote skin whitening and skin

softening, these products are usually expensive and costly. Since ACV and citrus fruits are

already excellent in further whitening and softening the skin on their own, perhaps

combining the two altogether might lead to better results and can be a cheaper remedy

compared to over the counter products due to it being all natural. However, a

concentrated amount of citric acid in both ACV and citrus fruits might burn the skin. That

is why there should be an experiment to test what level of concentration there should be

among the ACV and various citrus fruits to see which can yield better results.

1.3 Research Questions

1. Which among the three citrus fruits ( Lemon, Orange, Calamansi) is better when

mixed with ACV?

2. How much concentration is needed when combining the citrus fruits with the

ACV?

3. How effective is the product within the span of nth weeks?

1.4 Research Hypothesis (H1, H0)

H1: The combination of citrus fruit and ACV whiten and soften the participant’s skin

within nth weeks

H2: The product did not help at whitening or softening the participant’s skin within nth

weeks

//insert Chapter 2

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

The researchers approach in this qualitative research is by experimenting on subjects

that may concern our topic. The researchers aim was to address this as a theoretical research

problem, because they had assumptions about the topic that they were interested in. This

research is an experimental study due to how it is a longitudinal study. Longitudinal studies

involve repeated observations over short or long periods of time. Experiments are the best

methods of testing the effects of variations in an independent variable on a dependent one,

whereas the longitudinal study can investigate the effect of changes in an independent variable

on a dependent one.

3.2 Population and Data Gathering Tools

 To get a better outlook on how effective our product is, semi-structured interviews were

conducted with 10 people with the want to gain soft and white skin. The surveys were used to

select participants who belonged to the target group (16-20 years old).

3.3 Data Gathering Tools

In order to collect data, qualitative data collection tools were used. 10 interviews and

data from the internet were used.

3.4 Research Process

In order to gain a better insight into the possibilities, the researchers have to study about

how effective citrus fruits and apple cider are in creating a whiter and softer skin. The

researchers had to know what fruits are fragrant and are able to cope with the acidity of apple

cider. Also which fruit would yield better results in whitening and softening when combined

with apple cider. Finding the concentration between the three to find the optimal result for

whitening and softening, everything observed through a number of days before the said effect

took place. The goal of this research is to find an alternative and natural means of having soft

and white skin.