NCERT solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics urban

livelihoods
Question 1. Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of
workers who come to the labour chowk. Most workers that we find at the labour
chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near
the chowk, or they pay Rs 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the
Municipal Corporation. To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and
cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders and safety lockers, all rolled
into one. Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for
safekeeping, and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the
money safely and also offer loans to labourers in need.

Answer :

1. These labourers at labour chowk are daily wages who work as helpers to masons.
2. Most of them on a casual basis i.e they are required to come as and when the employer
needs them.
3. They cannot afford permanent accommodation so sleep on pavements near the chowk.
4. Shopkeepers works as bank for them and also keep their tools for the night for sleeping.
5. Their daily earning is not sure. Their economic position is unbalanced.

Question 2. Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different:

Place of Security of Benefits Work on their own

Name Earnings
Work Work Received or employed
Bachchu Rs 100 per
Manjhi day
Harpreet,
Work on their own
Vandana
Nirmala No security
Rs 30,000
Sudha Company
pm

Answer

Work on
Place of Security of
Name Earnings Benefits Received their own or
Work Work
employed
Bachchu Rickshaw Rs 100 per
No security no benefits Own
Manjhi puller day
Yes, license
Harpreet, Garment Good Work on their
to do Growth in the business
Vandana showroom earnings own
business
Rs 80 per
Garment
Nirmala day for 8 No security Rs 40 extra for overtime Employed
Factory
hours
Medical Facilities ,
Provident Fund,
Rs 30,000
Sudha Company Secured Medical leaves national Employed
pm
holidays, Medical
leaves

Question 3. In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual
job? Discuss.

Answer: Permanent and regular job:

1. In these types of jobs employees get regular salary every month and the jobs are secure.
2. They have fixed working hours and fixed salaries.
3. They were also provided some facilities such as medical facilities, all national holidays,
annual leaves , provident fund and savings for old age etc.

Casual job:

1. Casual workers avail no job security.

2. Their jobs are on temporary basis.
3. The people were employed on daily wages.
4. They were provided Rs. 70 to Rs. 100 per day. They get wages on day basis or hourly
basis.
5. Casual jobs are provided by private factories when their season is on full swing.
6. They do not get other benefits like permanent employees.

Question 4. What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?

Answer: Sudha is a permanent worker with a company enjoys the following benefits with her
salary:

1. She is having the permanent job and that is secured.

2. She will get the facility for saving for old age as Provident Fund.
 3. She will get the medical facilities for her and her family members.
4. She gets medical leave.
5. She gets off on every Sunday national holidays and also gets some annual leaves.

Question 5. Fill in the following table to show the services provided by people in
the markets which you visit frequently. Name of the shop or office and Nature of
the service provided.

Answer :

Name of the shop or

Nature of the service provided
office
(i) General store Grocery items
(ii) Books store Books of different level, stationery items, pens, pencils, etc.
(iii) Chemist shop Different types of medicines
(iv) Milk dairy booth. Milk, curd, ice-cream and different types of vegetables.
To deposit electricity bill and to complaint against the supply of
(v)Electricity office
electricity if any.