Research Paper On Marketing

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A research paper on Marketing. This research paper will help

you to learn about:- 1. Evolution of Marketing 2. Role of
Marketing 3. Marketing Functions 4. Factors 5. Strategy 6.
Activities.
Contents:
1. Research Paper on the Evolution of Marketing

2. Research Paper on the Role of Marketing
3. Research Paper on the Marketing Functions
4. Research Paper on the Factors Influencing Marketing
Luxury Row Houses in North
5. Research Bangalore
Paper on thefromStrategy
₹2.6Cr of Marketing
by Assetz Group. Read Next Story
6. Research
Assetz Property | Sponsored Paper on the Activities of Marketing
Research Paper # 1. Evolution of Marketing:
The world economy is facing a transformation in past ten years
due to shrinking cultural and geographical distances by the
invention of satellite communication.
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This new development provides an opportunity to companies to

widen their market and supplier sources. Now-a-days marketing
has become one of most important activities of an organization
and so that of the business. Here some light is being thrown on
the way how it has been evolved in past.
Evolution of marketing is not a regular event, it is observed as

innovative changes with time. As marketing largely depends on
the means of communication and transportation, the invention of
steam engine gave birth to this activity in early and middle of
19th century. That was the time of Industrial revolution too.
Rapid industrial growth was the cause of massive production of

goods and so marketing of produced goods was felt a need. The
second innovative change was observed in late of 19th century
when electricity was invented. In the first quarter of 20th century
when electricity driven industries were developed, marketing
was also promoted.
Further innovations were seen from marketing viewpoint in 1940

when growth of truck transportation and development of
supermarket took place. After the II World War when automation
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and mechanization of industries took place competition in
market started.
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The market competition added new dimensions to this activity

and today the result is growth of some organization which is the
result of their good marketing capabilities.
Research Paper # 2. Role of Marketing:

To understand what marketing clearly is, it is essential to under
what it does. Marketing is an activity providing a link between
customer and producer. This activity in values movement of
goods from producer to customers, and flow of information
(feedback) from customers to producers. So customer-supplier
relationship entirely depends on adequacy of marketing activity.
Marketing also identifies potential market where goods can be

sold. Marketing helps sellers to increase sales, income, number of
customers and profit earned to achieve present organizational
goals. Marketing is a process of exchange involving market
research, product packaging, product design, pricing, credit,
product delivery, advertising, sales promotion, storage etc.
The process of marketing is explained through the flow chart

shown in Fig. 30.1. The marketing personnel identify the
customer want and need which is followed by searching the
various solutions to satisfy them. Market opportunities regarding
the profit and life of product and growth of market are studied.
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Marketing personnel have to recognize the suitable product to
satisfy the existing customer wants. Marketing personnel remain
communicating with the market and continuous transaction of
product is maintained. The same cycle continues if further
marketing opportunities are found.
Research Paper # 3. Marketing Functions:

Marketing functions are designed as act performed in
distribution of goods and services in the market in accordance to
their demand rate. In short the process or activities performed by
the marketing people are called marketing functions.
Luxury All
Row those
Houses functions which
in North Bangalore fromare
₹2.6Crinherent and essentially needed are
called universal marketing functions. All those activities needed
to be done in support of universal marketing functions are called
facilitating functions.
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The main marketing function can be understood in the following

manner. If unsatisfied wants and needs exits, it is said exchange
potential exists with that individual or organization. Again if
ability to satisfy the want is there, exchange potential exists.
The marketing functions result to close down the geographical,

business or communication gap between two organizations. As
shown in Fig. 30.3. The larger is the gap between two
organizations more has to be performed by marketing personnel
to reduce it.
In addition to geographical gap other one is time separation.

There is a specific time when a product is needed, therefore,
some functions must be performed to access what the customers
want and to ensure the availability of same at the right time. The
same is the reason some super stores are kept opened and some
banking services provide their services 24 hours a day.
Marketing functions are equally important for both producer and

consumer as consumers do not know about available products
and producers also do not know about the potential market.
Marketing functions provide information to both the parties. In
addition to this there may be value gap, it is the price wanted by
the producer including marketing expenditure and the price
which customer is willing to pay.
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Marketing functions have to make adjustments between them.

Sometimes marketing functions have to make adjustments in
terms and conditions in addition to the price to make the deal
successful.
1. Analysis of Market:
Predicting the information about supply and demand of a

product or family of products is called analysis of market. Success
of an organization i.e., achieving the present profit goals depend
on the accuracy of market analysis. An inaccurate analytical
information may lead to failure of organization.
Luxury Market
Row Housesanalysis for seller
in North Bangalore fromis₹2.6Cr
more complicated as compared to the
by Assetz Group.
same for buyer as more factors like life of the product, chances of
Read Next Story
technological obsolesces, risk of entry of new product, price
competition, political & societal instabilities etc. needed to be
considered.
These factors are qualitative in nature. It is extremely difficult to

draw quantitative conclusion due to their variations, this whole
process of analysis is called market research.
Market analysis is a continual process so also exists after

exchange relationships between buyer and seller are established.
It measures the satisfaction of such exchange and potential for
further exchange and so optimize the relationship.
2. Establishing Communication:
Once the buyers and sellers have analysed the market,

communication is the only way to establish contact to begin the
transaction. Market communication is one of the universal
marketing functions that ensures the better understanding and
healthy negotiation among the marketing participants.
Communication flow in marketing is multidirectional i.e., a seller

may communicate to buyers as well as to other sellers or a buyer
may communicate sellers as well as other buyers.
Communication facilitates sellers to select products/services
which serve the best their interests.
This process takes place in the following manner:
(1) The buyer expresses usually his needs & desires, and
satisfaction after acquiring the product.
(2) Seller realize the profitable market (consumers) for his
products and made it available to the same.
(3) Through electronic media or other ways of advertising seller

tells buyer about his product.
(4) Seller calls the buyer to have the product.
3. Differentiation of Products:
This is the way to adjust the product to meet the customer’s need;
it enables the marketing personals to prove their product better
than the other competing products. The adjustments can be made
by both parties buyer and seller.
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Seller can adjust the physical goods, service, packaging, price,

information related, and service after sales etc. to arrest the
buyer. Buyers can adjust the amount, payment mode and time,
feedback regarding the product/service, future orders etc.
4. Market Segmentation:
Market segmentation is a universal marketing function that

narrows the availability of marketing buyers and sellers to make
the process of marketing easier and effective.
A group of seller have to deal with a segment of market with a

view of not to loose any opportunity of profit making. Different
segments of market are assigned to different group of sellers. On
the other hand market segmentation also favours the customers
to make quick decisions as all segments have almost similar
characteristics.
5. Benefit Analysis:
It is a type of evaluation of marketing, where each participant

determines the benefits of transaction and cost of transaction. If
cost exceeds the benefits, the process of marketing stop otherwise
it continues. It holds goods for both buyers and customers.
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Here the meaning of benefit for customer is satisfaction and for

seller is net profit. Customer’s satisfaction is difficult to measure
so some uncertainties may exist at this part of analysis. The
results are found varying from one type of customers to other
type. The valuation is done in totality.
6. Exchange Function:
The basic meaning of this function is to facilitate the transaction.

This function comes in picture when all other functions are over.
Sometimes problems are experienced in performing the
exchange when all others functions are satisfactorily over.
These problems are like credit arrangement (finance problems)

form 31 (legal problems). Exchange function takes care of things
needed to overcome the hurdles coming in the way of performing
exchange.
Research Paper # 4. Factors Influencing Marketing:

There are so many factors external and internal which influence
the process of marketing. External factors are those which do not
emerge out from the organization and internal factors are those
which come from the organization. Any problem arising in an
organization directly influences marketing.
Internal Factors:
From the above discussion it is clear that market is a two way tool
of linking producer and customers. Two way tool means it carries
the product from producer to customer to sell them and brings
money and feedback from customer to producer for further
improvement in the product and service.
If people will not get the right quality products at right time their
working will be influenced and internal factors which can
influence the quality and productivity also appear to come in the
way of marketing.
To maintain quality of product and productivity, along with other

factors (technological) the working conditions, employee
satisfaction are to be maintained to their satisfactory level.
If interests of organization are clubbed together with the interests

of employees working there, each employee will work for growth
of organization. Employees will seek satisfaction due to their
personal growth. If an organization is found to be growing with
its employees internal factors are said to be maintained.
External Factors:
Luxury Some factors
Row Houses which
in North arefrom
Bangalore external
₹2.6Cr to the organization can
influence the market and marketing of an organization. In this
case organization cannot do anything. The best possible thing can
be done is to make a guess for future and adjust the working to be
least influenced by the change. A sudden attack on world trade
centre in use is the best example of this situation.
Marketing of all multinational companies was influenced by that

incidence. When we consider the economic factor, we talk about
those factors which make change in price of product or
purchasing power of customers. Such factors compute positive or
negative effects on marketing.
Social and political factors can also influence the success of

marketing. Communal riots, start of festival season, war, change
in government policies, change in government, taxation policy,
etc. can put a direct or indirect influence on marketing.
Rapidly changing technologies is also factor influencing market

and process of marketing. In case of computers, after every six
months there is a launch of new generation computers bringing
the price level of previous generation computers down and so
influencing the market.
In all types of electronic goods, products are becoming

multifunctional. These are attracting customers as well as forcing
them to wait for the further development.
It is a problem of market research to exactly analyse its real

influence on marketing. It is also worthwhile to discuss the
physiological factors i.e. feeling of customers regarding the
products.
by Assetz Group. Today customer is confused
Read Next Story
due to massive
advertisement, on different types of media, of similar type of
products of different brands.
A large variability in their price level can only be criteria for

customer otherwise he trusts on retailer to purchase a product.
So retailer and publicity can divert the physiology of customer in
favour of or against a product.
Research Paper # 5. Strategy of Marketing:

In this era of globalization there exists tough competition. To
service in market, it is essential to develop market oriented
strategic planning. Marketing strategy is a planning done
considering organisation’s objectives, skills available, resources
and rapidly changing market opportunities.
The basic objective of strategy formulation is to reorganize the

whole business to achieve pre-decided targets of organization.
The pre-decided targets can be explained here, a business must
satisfy minimum expectations of each stakeholder group. A
company must provide minimum expected satisfaction to
customers, employees, suppliers, and stockholders.
Strategy planning requires following four activities.
(1) Defining the organizations mission.
(2) Formation of strategic business units.
(3) Resource allocation.

by Assetz Group.
(4) Planning new business.
Read Next Story
(1) Defining the Organisations Mission:
Normally, organisations mission is clear when business starts.

After sometime due to slackness and negligence of employees
mission may loose its relevance. The cause for the same may also
be changed market conditions. Without having a properly
defined mission marketing persons will remain confused and
cannot perform the objective efforts.
(2) Formation of Strategic Business Units:
After fixing and defining the organisation’s mission, marketing

personals selects marketing mix suitable for the pre-decided
mission. For different segments of market different marketing
mix can be selected and used.
(3) Resource Allocation:
A cost is associated with each of marketing activities. A fund is

allotted to each activity as strategic business units are formed. So
the take budget required to execute whole plan to achieve the
objectives can be determined. This also helps in carrying out cost
benefit analysis.
(4) Planning New Business:
Here the new business means developing marketing strategy.

Once the mission of organisation is clear, marketing mix has been
identified and cost of execution of plan is also human, efforts can
be made to capture the potential market by satisfying the
customers’ needs.
Luxury Whether the

Row Houses in developed
North strategy
Bangalore from ₹2.6Cr should be implemented or not it
by Assetz Group. on the results
depends ofNext
Read cost-benefit
Story analysis. Out of the several
formed strategic business units most beneficial one is selected for
its implementation.
Research Paper # 6. Activities of Marketing:

1. Sales Promotion:
Sales promotion consists of those marketing activities, that

stimulate consumer purchasing and dealer effectiveness by
means of displays, shows, exhibitions, demonstrations, temporary
offers of material rewards etc.
Sales promotion is done for the following objectives:
(i) To motivate the employees to achieve the goals of company. It

is found that employees become more interested in company’s
product.
(ii) Sales promotion movement favours the employees growth.
(iii) To keep the marketing people entrusted to work for a

mission.
(iv) To widen the market share and to earn as more as possible.
Sales promotion starts at the first end of distribution channel i.e.

inside the company and reached to other extreme i.e. persons
who contact customers directly.
Various methods used for sales promotion are described

below:
by Assetz Group.
1. Product Sampling:
Read Next Story
In this method a product is given to a customer free of cost, to try.
If producer is ensured that customer will definitely like his
product, this method can be adopted. This method automatically
generates publicity of the product from the mouth of user. This is
most effective as well as costlier.
It is used to promote the sales of low cost items like toothpaste,

soap, books etc. Selection of type of customers to give sample
product is also important. The selected customer should be in a
position to communicate about the product with others. For
example sample book may be given to a teacher because he can
actively communicate with students, the potential customer of
the book.
2. Use of Coupons:
In this method gift coupon, discount coupons are offered to

customer if they go for bulk purchase. The method is effective to
motivate customers to a new product or altered product. This
way is less expensive than product sampling. This can also be
used to promote sales of a product in its off season time.
3. Trading Stamps:
The stamps are given to customers as reward with a certain bulk

purchase of product which can be used for buying in a particular
retail store. This is also same as discount coupons but the way of
giving discount is different.
4. Contests:
Contests may be used to generate enthusiasm for a product
among sales persons, retailers or consumers or all. Some legal
problems and management problems may be encountered by this
way.
5. Other Methods:
Other methods used for sales promotions are launching a wide

publicity, telecasting advertisement in various media, increasing
more out let for attracting the customers, improving service after
sales altering the product after a fixed interval of time which also
observed in case of detergents and soaps etc.
These methods put a slow impact on customer’s psychology and

so on sales. This is the reason that their implementation is to be
maintained for longer period of time.
2. Pricing:
The meaning of price is the answer of question “How much is it”.

Pricing means the act of assigning price to a product. Pricing is
the way in which seller can differentiate between the products of
different quality and also the way to attract the customers
towards a cheaper product. Price is considered an indicator of
product quality for customer. It seller is asking for high price,
customer will expect superior quality.
Some features related to pricing of product are given below:
(1) Price varies in importance among different products and

consumers.
(2) Sometimes customers restrict themselves within a certain
price range to have a product.
(3) Price is considered, less important in some luxury items like

automobile, cosmetics, liquor etc. and immaterial, in some critical
products like medicine fire safety devices, automatic security
devices, aero planes, where quality and reliability of product is of
prime importance or failure of product may lead to loss of lives.
(4) A person will go for exchange when he realizes the perceived

benefits of exchange are more than the more paid.
(5) Pricing concepts are applicable in all exchange situations but

the terms & conditions are not always made explicit.
(6) Value of product varies customer to customer, real need of

customer, and purchasing power of customers should acquire
information about products and their price until the cost of
collecting more information exceeds the value of having more
information.
(7) Time which is consumed in having a product is also a factor

contributes to cost, which varies person to person and situation
to situation.
(8) Price of a product may increase if its demand increases and

vice versa.
(9) If demand of a product is elastic in nature, a smaller variation

in its price may affect sales lot.
(10) If demand of a product is inelastic, sales remain unaffected
of price change.
There are so many ways of pricing of a product. The market value

of the product determine the price of the product, if this suits to
the producer, the product is launched otherwise not because
prime target of pricing is to recover the cost of bringing it to
market including cost of production.
Economic law of demand can be used for pricing of a product. If

product is liked by customers and demand is more, a handsome
profit can be charged from customers.
The other way of pricing is Break Even analysis. Here the analysis
finds the breakeven point (BEP) in terms of product volume at
which total revenue equals to the total expenditure. As the sales
volume exceeds the BEP producer enjoys profit.
Other method is marginal analysis which is more sensitive and

provides more realistic results. The analysis depends an the
concept of marginal cost, the change in total cost when one
additional unit is produced and marginal revenue, the change in
revenue when one additional unit is sold.
Marginal cost and marginal revenue are compared to find the

additional volume of production. Sometimes various schemes are
launched to promote the sales like “Buy one get one free”, or get a
gift with two units of some products.
These schemes found sales promoter to increase the revenue

after achieving the breakeven point.
by Assetz Group.
A way of pricing is making it
Read Next Story
to look lower. Prices are kept Rs. 99 or Rs. 499 which put
psychological impact on customer and instantly the results of
cost- benefit analysis done by customer may be in favour of
seller.
3. Advertising:
Advertising is one of the powerful tool used for sales promotion.

It is used to communicate large number of customer about the
manufacturers, superiorities over other competitive products,
and other strengths along with trade mark. Producer is always
interested in focusing on strengths of his product, weaknesses are
kept hidden.
It is customer’s responsibility to identify weaknesses before

executing this purchase. Here it is clear to differentiate between
publicity, advertising and propaganda. Producer has to pay for
advertising, it is non personal communication and used to
communicate with people rather than to persuade them.
Persuasion is a type of propaganda and publicity is a non-paid

activity. Publicity is a “word of mouth” which is effective than
advertising but remains limited to a small group of people.
Functions of Advertising:
There are various functions to be performed by advertising.
These are discussed below:
1. Advertising can substitute the sales force. Advertising is a

cheaper tool as compared to personal selling and also less
effective. Sales person can do much
by Assetz Group.
more than advertising as he
Read Next Story
or she can contact each potential customer to answer objectives
and queries.
2. Advertising adds value to products by providing information to

customers. It tells about the availability of product and answer
the question why a customer should purchase a particular
product. It also tells about technical details (specifications) of the
product.
3. Advertising do not force people to do something but it

convinces people logically. Buyers buy when they perceive that
the exchange as creating more value than they would have
without exchange. Advertising convinces the same thing.
4. Advertising creates images by product differentiation. It

appeals for a product by stressing on low price, quality claim,
increase in status etc.
5. Deception and fraud in advertising hinder the creation of

mutually satisfying exchanges and so called antimarketing.
Objective of advertising should minimize such practices.
Advertising Agencies and their Functions:
Advertising agencies are professional agencies who prepare

advertisement for producers. However most of the advetisement
are prepared by the same companies whose products are
advertised. As the agency worker are skilled and experienced
they can prepare effective and short advertisement to influence
the customers.
Various functions performed by an advertising agency are
listed below:
1. Market research for the product to be advertised.
2. Preparation of script for advertisement.
3. Selecting the media for advertisement.
4. Preparation of advertisement in accordance with prepared

script and selected media.
5. Gathering feedback after the advertisement is launched.
6. Making alteration in script.
Performance of advertising agency is evaluated by comparing the

cost incurred in preparation of effectiveness of advertisement.
Time duration of advertisement influence the cost of display
which is also an important factor. An advertisement should
communicate clearly about the trade mark of functions
performed by the product along with its superiorities.
4. Branding and Packaging:
A brand name indicates who the producer of concerned product

or service is. It products of a brand name are liked by customers,
that becomes popular and puts a favourable impact on
marketing. People often prefer brand names for their social
significance, even though they know that there is no or very little
physical difference between products of different brand names.
Along with the price and packaging, brand name is also treated as
quality indicator of a product. People start liking some brand
names due to their familiarity, confidence, identification and
prestige among the customers.
A branded product is viewed as high valued product as any

problem released to it will be taken care of by the seller. A locally
branded or unbranded product is viewed as less valued, it is
perceived as of inferior quality.
Image of a band name is built after providing good quality

products and successful service for a long time which also
becomes a uniqueness for the product. Putting that brand name
on the product is viewed as value addition to it. A brand name is
registered with the government so that other companies cannot
sell products with similar names.
Brand name puts a lot of impacts on the process of marketing.

Use of brand name which already has acquired the trust of
customers helps marketing people in process of marketing and
marketing people have to maintain the gained reputation of that
brand name.
In addition to branding packaging is another important factor

influencing the process of marketing. Packaging means warping
the protective material around goods to enable it for handling
and transportation. The other meaning of packaging is combining
goods and services into a single offer like packaged tours.
College students generally wear casual clothes but at the time of

interviews
by Assetz Group. they wearRead nice clothes
Next Story
and behave to be viewed as
professional. The same thing is applied in case of product
packaging. Packaging changes visibility, usefulness and so value
of a product.
Various functions of packaging are listed here:
1. Changes visibility of product.
2. Highlight the board of product and necessary information

about it.
3. To attract customers.
4. To provide a protective transportation.
5. To give protection against environment etc.
5. Distribution Channels:
Physical distribution is the flow of material/semi-finished

goods/finished goods from its raw state to consumer. The flow of
material is one of the most expensive marketing function and so
there is potential of cost saving. Marketing personals should
select those ways of distribution which deliver goods at a lower
price and maintain an acceptable level of customer service.
Critical Path Method (CPM), programme evaluation and review

technique (PERT) and economic ordered quality formula can be
used to select optimum distribution channel. A distribution of
channel consists of flow of goods generally from manufacturer to
wholesaler to retailer to customer. A distribution channel is made
Luxury up
Rowof people
Houses who
in North must from
Bangalore cooperate
₹2.6Cr to create marketing exchanges.
The larger degree of cooperation and mutual coordination
makes the total system successful; various functions of
distribution channels are listed below:
1. The collection and dissemination of marketing research

information about potential customers, competitors, and other
forces driving the market.
2. Framing and performing effective communication to attract

the customers.
3. Making an adjustment in supply and demand of a product.
4. To keep the account of finance inventories at different levels in

channel.
5. Estimating the risk involved in marketing of a product.
6. Deliver the product to customers and money & feedback to

producers.
On the basis of number of intermediary levels in a channel it

can be classified into different categories:
Zero Level Channels:
It is also called as direct marketing channel. Here, manufacturer

directly sells his products to final customers. The examples are TV
selling and electronic marketing. This type of channel is found
successful, when product is heavy and costlier, like a builder can
sold house directly to a customer.
One Level Channel:
This channel consists of one intermediate selling call between
producer and customer, such as retailer. In this case retailer’s
show room work as inventory for finished product and product is
sold to customers form here. Retailer offers his service to
motivate customers to purchase products and he is paid for that.
Multilevel Channels:
Depending on the number of intermediaries there may be two

level distribution channels having two intermediaries a
wholesaler and a retailer, three level distribution channels
containing three intermediaries wholesalers to jobbers to
retailers.
Longer marketing channels may also be there. Longer channels

are coupled with the problem of getting quick feedback from
users and coupling the channel effectively. Different channels are
shown in Fig. 30.6.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Research Paper # 1. Evolution of Marketing:

Research Paper # 2. Role of Marketing:
Research Paper # 3. Marketing Functions:
Research Paper # 4. Factors Influencing Marketing:
Research Paper # 5. Strategy of Marketing:
Research Paper # 6. Activities of Marketing:


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Research Paper on Marketing

A research paper on Marketing. This research paper will help

1. Research Paper on the Evolution of Marketing

This new development provides an opportunity to companies to

Evolution of marketing is not a regular event, it is observed as

Rapid industrial growth was the cause of massive production of

Further innovations were seen from marketing viewpoint in 1940

The market competition added new dimensions to this activity

Research Paper # 2. Role of Marketing:

Marketing also identiﬁes potential market where goods can be

The process of marketing is explained through the ﬂow chart

Research Paper # 3. Marketing Functions:

The main marketing function can be understood in the following

The marketing functions result to close down the geographical,

In addition to geographical gap other one is time separation.

Marketing functions are equally important for both producer and

Marketing functions have to make adjustments between them.

Predicting the information about supply and demand of a

These factors are qualitative in nature. It is extremely diﬃcult to

Market analysis is a continual process so also exists after

Once the buyers and sellers have analysed the market,

Communication ﬂow in marketing is multidirectional i.e., a seller

This process takes place in the following manner:

(3) Through electronic media or other ways of advertising seller

(4) Seller calls the buyer to have the product.

Seller can adjust the physical goods, service, packaging, price,

Market segmentation is a universal marketing function that

A group of seller have to deal with a segment of market with a

It is a type of evaluation of marketing, where each participant

Here the meaning of beneﬁt for customer is satisfaction and for

The basic meaning of this function is to facilitate the transaction.

These problems are like credit arrangement (ﬁnance problems)

Research Paper # 4. Factors Inﬂuencing Marketing:

To maintain quality of product and productivity, along with other

If interests of organization are clubbed together with the interests

Marketing of all multinational companies was inﬂuenced by that

Social and political factors can also inﬂuence the success of

Rapidly changing technologies is also factor inﬂuencing market

In all types of electronic goods, products are becoming

It is a problem of market research to exactly analyse its real

A large variability in their price level can only be criteria for

Research Paper # 5. Strategy of Marketing:

The basic objective of strategy formulation is to reorganize the

Strategy planning requires following four activities.

(1) Deﬁning the organizations mission.

(2) Formation of strategic business units.

(3) Resource allocation.

Normally, organisations mission is clear when business starts.

(2) Formation of Strategic Business Units:

After ﬁxing and deﬁning the organisation’s mission, marketing

(3) Resource Allocation:

A cost is associated with each of marketing activities. A fund is

(4) Planning New Business:

Here the new business means developing marketing strategy.

Luxury Whether the

Research Paper # 6. Activities of Marketing:

Sales promotion consists of those marketing activities, that

Sales promotion is done for the following objectives:

(i) To motivate the employees to achieve the goals of company. It

(ii) Sales promotion movement favours the employees growth.

(iii) To keep the marketing people entrusted to work for a