DESIGN OF PURLINS

Truss Parameters

10.9201 m 0.50 m

3.00 m

7.50 m 6.00 m 7.50 m

21.00 m

LOAD CARRIED BY THE TRUSS: Design Data: Distance

a. WIND LOAD (Ww) Span of truss(L) 21.00 m
p=qz(GCpf)−qh(GCpi)
b. DEAD LOAD (WD) 3.00 m
Rise of truss
Bay Length(BL) 4m
Spacing of Purlins (Sp) .50 m
Kz & Kh by interpolation,Table 207-4 p=qz(GCpf)−qh(GCpi

z Kz Cp, By interpolation (2-44)

9 0.7 For Windward, Cp
qh=47.3x 〖 10 〗 ^(−6)
11 Iw
KzKtV^2 0.74 Angle ϴ p=qz(GCpf)−qh(GCpi)
12 0.76 h/L 15 15.95 20
0.5 -0.7 -0.64 -0.4
qz 0.67 0.64 -0.73
1 -1 -0.94 -0.7
h Kh For Leeward, Cp
qh=47.3x 〖 10 〗 ^(−6)
12 KhKtV^2 Iw0.76 Angle ϴ
12.25 0.76 h/L 15 15.9454 20
15 0.81 0.5 -0.5 -0.51891 -0.6
0.64 -0.54
qh 0.69 1 -0.6 -0.60 -0.6
(Velocity Pressure, 207.5.10)
CpL -0.54 at leeward roof slope
CpW -0.73 at windward roof slope.
 Solving for Wind Pressure (p):
Distance
h 13.5 m
0.50 m V 150 Kph
Iw 1.0
Kd 0.85
Kzt =
Kz =
Kh =
4.00 m
G =
GCpi =
7.50 m
h/L =
ϴ =

Properties of Steel C-Purlins (AISC

p=qz(GCpf)−qh(GCpi)

Leeward roof slope:

p=
p=qz(GCpf)−qh(GCpi) -0.43 kPa
p= -0.18 kPa
Windward roof slope:

p= -0.54 kPa
SOLVING FOR THE TANGENTIAL
p= -0.29 kPa (WT)�=(�
& AND〖
NORMAL
(𝐋) 〗 (WN)
COMPONENTS
^𝟐)/𝟏𝟐 OF THE GIVEN
Use the largest value of "P" to obtain LOADS ON PURLINS:
maximum pressure of wind. MN=(WNT 〖 (BL) 〗
^2)/12
pL = -0.43 kPa @Roof:
pW = -0.54 kPa Roof Covering
MT=(WTT (W〖RC)(BL)
〗 ^2)/12
WRC = 500.49
A. WIND LOAD (WW): WRN=WR x cosθ
 p= -539.23 Pa WRN = 481.23
Wind Load (W ) = P x S
W P WRT=WR x sinθ
𝐛�/𝟐𝐭�<𝟏𝟕𝟎/√
WW = -269.61 N/m WRT = 𝐅� 137.50
B. DEAD LOAD (WD):
WEIGHT OF ROOFING (WR): @Purlins:
Using Asphalt Shingles Wp = 60.23
w= 0.1 kg/m² WPN=WP x cosθ
W=w x 9.81 N/kg WPN = 57.92
W= 0.98 Pa WPT=WP x sinθ
Weight of Roof, WR: WPT = 16.55
��<𝐅�
WR = 0.49 N/m fa=(MN/Sx+MT/Sy)
For WNTOTAL (WNT):
WNT=WRN+WPN+WW
Min. Live load = 1.0 kPa (table 205-3)
Additional Liveload = 1000 Pa WNT = 269.54
Weight of Additional Liveload,WLL For WTTOTAL, (WTT):
WLL=LL x Sp WTT=WRT+WPT
WLL = 500 N/m WTT = 154.04
Total Weight of Roof, WRT:
WRT=WR+WL
WRTOTAL = 500.49 N/m
 for Wind Pressure (p):
Description (NSCP 2010)
(Mean Height of Building)
(Zone 3, Philippines, Table 207–1)
(Standard Occ. Category IV, Table 207-3)
(Wind Directionality Factor, Table 207–2)
1.00 (Topographic Factor, 207.5.7.2)
0.74
(Exposure B Case 2)
0.76
0.85 (Gust Effect Factor, Rigid Building)
0.18 (Enclosed Building)
0.64
15.95 cos(Ө) = 0.96 sin(ϴ) = 0.27
(Rigid Building of All heights, 207.5.12.2.1)

Properties of Steel C-Purlins (AISC Table of Properties)

Try: C3X4.1 WEIGHT OF PURLINS (Wp):
Properties of the Section Wp=W x 9.81 N/kg
W 6.14 Kg/m WP = 60.23 N/m
d 76.2 mm
A 781 mm² WD = WRT + WP
bf 35.8 mm WD = 560.72 N/m
tf 6.90 mm
Sx 18140 mm³
Sy 3360 mm³
Ix = 691000 mm⁴
Iy (��𝐍/𝐅�𝐗)+
83000
(��𝐓/𝐅��)<𝟏.𝟎mm⁴
𝑓𝑎�=𝑀�/𝑆�
NG FOR THE TANGENTIAL CHECK FOR INTERATION EQUA
) & AND〖
�=(� NORMAL
(𝐋) 〗 (WN)
MPONENTS
^𝟐)/𝟏𝟐 OF THE GIVEN FOR MOMENTS NORMAL (MN) & TANGENTIAL
FaX=0.66Fy
LOADS ON PURLINS: (MT) TO THE PURLINS:
N=(WNT 〖 (BL) 〗
)/12 FaT=MT/Sy
faN=
T=(WTT 〖 (BL) FaY=0.75Fy
^2)/12 FaX =
N/m
WRN=WR x cosθ
 N/m MN = 359.38 N.m faT =
WRT=WR x sinθ
𝐛�/𝟐𝐭�<𝟏𝟕𝟎/√
𝐅� FaY =
N/m
MT = 205.39 N.m
ns:
N/m CHECK FOR COMPACTNESS OF THE SECTION:
𝛅�𝐜𝐭<𝛅�𝐥𝐥
WPN=WP x cosθ 0.45
N/m
δN=(WNTl^4)/
A36, Fy =δN=(WNTl^4)/ Therefore,
WPT=WP x sinθ 248 MPa
384EIx 384EIx
N/m E = 200,000 MPa
��<𝐅�
fa=(MN/Sx+MT/Sy) (bf/2tf) = 2.5942029 CHECK AGAINST DEFLECTIO
(170/√(Fy)δT=(WTTl^4)/3
= 10.80
NT=WRN+WPN+WW 84EIy
2.59 < 10.795011
N/m Therefore, the section is compact. Deflection along Norma
δ max 〖 act= 〗
√ ( 〖 (δN) 〗 ^2+ 〖 (δT) 〗 ^2 )
WTT=WRT+WPT CHECK AGAINST FLEXURE:
N/m δN =
δall=l/240
Deflection along Tangenti

fa = 80.94 MPa

Fa = 163.68 MPa
80.94 < 163.68
Therefore, SAFE against Flexure. δmax act =

Therefore,

CONCLUSION:
Therefore, The section is adequate.
Use C3X4.1 for both Main Truss and Hip Truss
CHECK FOR INTERATION EQUATION:

19.81 MPa

163.68 MPa
 61.13 MPa

186 MPa

0.45

< 1.0

SAFE.

CHECK AGAINST DEFLECTION:

Deflection along Normal:

1.30 mm
Deflection along Tangential:

δT = 6.19 mm

δmax act = 6.32 mm

δall = 16.67 mm

6.32 < 20.83

Safe against Deflection

CONCLUSION:
The section is adequate.
for both Main Truss and Hip Truss
 STRESSES ON MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS
2800N
2800N 280
2800N
2800N H
Given Data: G
2800N
Bay Length (BL) 4m 2800N F
Length of AB 1.5600 m 2800N E
1400N D
Spacing of Purlins (Sp) .50 m C
B
Span of Truss (L) 21.00 m A
Length of Ab 1.50 m 1.50 m
b
1.50 m
c
1.50 m
d
1.50 m
e
1.50 m
f
1.50 m
g
1.50 m
h
1.50 m
i

2160N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 432

R1 R2

Tributary Area of Roof Surface Tributary Area of Horizontal Surface

Area(T.ARS)=Bay lenght x AB Area(T.AHS)=Bay lenght x Ab

Area( T.ARS) 6.24 m² Area (T.AHS) 6.00 m²

BRACING ROOFING
Wb (Assume) = 1 lb/ft²
Using Asphalt Shingles Bituminous Roof:
Wb 47.91 Pa
BDL=(Wb)(T.ARS) Wr .981 Pa
BDL 298.96 N PDL=(Wr)(T.ARS)
RDL 6.12 N
TRUSS
Wt = 0.4+ 0.04L(Convert into ft) Total Dead Load @ Top Chord
L 69 ft Total=PDL+RDL+BDL+TDL
Wt 3.16 lb/ft² DL(TOTAL) 2760.82 N
Wt 151.19 Pa say 2800 N
TDL=(Wt)(Ab)(BL)
TDL 907.17 N Dead Load @ Bottom Chord (Ceilings)
Suspended Metal Lath & Cement Plaster:

PURLINS Wc = 0.72 kPa

Weight (Wp) = 60.23 N/m CDL=(Wc)(T.AHS)

PDL=(AB/Sp+1)(Wp)(BL)(AB) CDL 4320.00 N

say 4320 N
PDL 1548.57 N
MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO DEAD LOAD
2800N
2800N 2800N
2800N 2800N
00N H 2800N
G I 2800N
F J 2800N
K 2800N
L 1400N
M
N
O
e f g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 2160N

R2 R3 R4

CONVERTING CONCENTRATED LOAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTIVE LOAD (W)

4747 N/m
W=(2800(14)+4320(14))/21

W 4747 N/m
Total Length 21.00 m A B C
L @ Midspan 6m 21.00 m
L @ both side Span 7.50 m R1 R2 R3

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (MDM)

L1 L2 L3
SPAN
7.50 6.00 7.50
W1 W2 W3
LOADS
4747 4747 4747
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB CD
Stiffness 0.133333333 0.13333333 0.166666667 0.16666667 0.13333333
Cycle DF 1.00 0.44 0.56 0.56 0.44
FEM -22250.00 22250.00 -14240.00 14240.00 -22250.00
1
Bal 22250.00 -3560.00 -4450.00 4450.00 3560.00
COM -1780.00 11125.00 2225.00 -2225.00 -11125.00
2
Bal 1780.00 -5933.33 -7416.67 7416.67 5933.33
COM -2966.67 890.00 3708.33 -3708.33 -890.00
3
 3
Bal 2966.67 -2043.70 -2554.63 2554.63 2043.70
COM -1021.85 1483.33 1277.31 -1277.31 -1483.33
4
Bal 1021.85 -1226.95 -1533.69 1533.69 1226.95
COM -613.48 510.93 766.85 -766.85 -510.93
5
Bal 613.48 -567.90 -709.87 709.87 567.90
COM -283.95 306.74 354.94 -354.94 -306.74
6
Bal 283.95 -294.08 -367.60 367.60 294.08
COM -147.04 141.97 183.80 -183.80 -141.97
7
Bal 147.04 -144.79 -180.99 180.99 144.79
COM -72.39 73.52 90.49 -90.49 -73.52
8
Bal 72.39 -72.89 -91.12 91.12 72.89
COM -36.45 36.20 45.56 -45.56 -36.20
9
Bal 36.45 -36.34 -45.42 45.42 36.34
COM -18.17 18.22 22.71 -22.71 -18.22
10
Bal 18.17 -18.19 -22.74 22.74 18.19
COM -9.10 9.08 11.37 -11.37 -9.08
11
Bal 9.10 -9.09 -11.36 11.36 9.09
COM -4.55 4.55 5.68 -5.68 -4.55
12
Bal 4.55 -4.55 -5.68 5.68 4.55
∑(END MOMENTS) 0.00 22937.73 -22937.73 22937.73 -22937.73
R1 R2-1 R2-2 R3-1 R3-2
SHEAR
14741.636 20858.364 14240.000 14240.000 20858.364

REACTIONS 14741.636 35098.364 35098.364

Checking RTOTAL 99680.00 = WUL 99680.00

DISTRIBUTIVE LOAD (W)

4747 N/m

C D
21.00 m
R3 R4

DM) SOLVING FOR REACTIONS

L3
7.50 Considering segment AB:
W3 ∑MB = 0 +
4747
R1(7.50)+MBA=W(7.50)(7.50/2)
D
DC R1 14741.636 N↑
0.13333333
1.00 ∑MA = 0 +
22250.00 RTotal=W(Total L
−R2(7.50)+MBA=−W(7.50)(7.50/2)
-22250.00
1780.00 R2(BA) 20858.3636733258 N
-1780.00
2966.67 Considering segment BC:
 -2966.67 ∑MC = 0 +
1021.85
R2(6)+MCB−MBC=W(6)(6/2)
-1021.85
613.48 R2(BC) 14240 N
-613.48
283.95 ∑MB = 0 +
-283.95
147.04 −R3(6)+MCB−MBC=−W(6)(6/2)
-147.04
72.39 R3(CB) 14240 N
-72.39
36.45 Considering segment CD:
-36.45 ∑MD = 0 +
18.17 R3(7.50)−MCD=W(7.50)(7.50/2)
-18.17
9.10 R3(CD) 20858.4 N
-9.10
4.55 ∑MC = 0 +
-4.55
−R4(7.50)−MCD=−W(7.50)(7.50/2)
0.00
R4 R4 14741.636 N
14741.636

14741.636

Okay
OR REACTIONS FORCES ON INTERNAL M

R1 14741.64 N↑ Given Data:

R2 = R2(BA) + R2(BC) Ө=
R2 35098.36 N↑ sin Ө =
R3 = R3(CB) + R3(CD) cos Ө =
R3 35098.36 N↑ R1 =
R4 14741.64 N↑ R2 =
CHECKING: R3 =
RTotal=W(Total Length) R4 =
RTOTAL 99680 N↑ sin (90-Ө) =
WL 99680 N↓ sin (2Ө) =
Therefore, OK cos (90-Ө) =
cos (2Ө) =
 Өd=
Өe=
Өf=
Өg=
Өh=
sinӨ d =
sinӨ e =
sinӨ f =
sinӨ g =
sinӨ h =
cosӨ d =
cosӨ e =
cosӨ f =
cosӨ g =
cosӨ h =
 2800N
2800N 2800N
2800N 2800N
2800N H 2800N
2800N G I 2800N
2800N F J 2800N
2800N E K 2800N
1400N D L 1400N
C M
B N
A O
b c d e f g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

2160N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 4320N 2160N

R1 R2 R3 R4

FORCES ON INTERNAL MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO DEAD LOAD (USING JOINT METHOD)

Given Data: *Assume:All Unknown forces are tension.

15.945 Tension = (+)
0.275 Compression = (-)
0.962
14741.64 At Joint A: At Joint d:
35098.36 Dd=Cd sin 〖 θd+432
AB=(1400+2160−R1)/sinθ
35098.36 Dd
14741.64 AB -40701.8 N (Comp) de=cd−Cd cosθd
0.96 Ab=AB cosθ de
0.53 Ab 39135.7 N (Tension)
0.27 At Joint D:
0.85 At Joint b: De=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−D
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
 De=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−D
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
29.7448812974 bc = Ab 39135.7 N (Tension)
40.6012946337 bB=4320 De
48.81407484 Bb 4320.0 N (Tension) DE=−CD+Dd cos 〖 (90−θ
+2800 cos(90−θ)
55.0079798057
59.7435628381 At Joint B: DE
0.4961389384 Bc=(−Bb sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗− 2800
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin2θ At Joint e:
0.6507913733
0.7525766948 Bc -12958.6 N (Comp) Ee=De sin 〖 θe+4320
0.8192319206 BC=−AB+Bb cos 〖 (90−θ)+Bc cos(2θ) 〗 Ee
0.8637789009 +2800 cos(90−θ) ef=de−De cosθe
0.8682431421 BC -27743 N (Comp) ef
0.7592566025
0.6585046078 At Joint c: At Joint E:
0.5734623443 Cc=Bc sin 〖 θ+4320 〗 Ef=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−Ee
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θ
0.5038710255 Cc 7880.0 N (Tension)
cd=bc−Bc cosθ Ef
cd 26675.73 N (Tension) EF=−DE+Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)
+2800 cos(90−θ)

At Joint C: EF
Cd=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−Cc
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θd) 〗
At Joint f:
Cd -14350.89 N (Comp) Ff=Ef sin 〖 θf+4320
CD=−BC+Cc cos 〖 (90−θ)+Cd cos(θ+θd) 〗 Ff
+2800 cos(90−θ) fg=ef−Ef cos θf
CD -14784.5 N (Comp) fg
00N
2800N
1400N
M
N
O
m n
1.50 m 1.50 m

20N 4320N 2160N

R4

METHOD)

At Joint d: At Joint F:
Dd=Cd sin 〖 θd+4320 〗 Fg=(−2800 sin(90−θ)+Ff
11440.03 N (Tension) sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θg) 〗
de=cd−Cd cosθd Fg 13974.82 N (Tension)
14215.67 N (Tension)
FG=EF−Ff cos 〖 (90−θ)−Fg cos(θ+θg) 〗
+2800 cos(90−θ)
At Joint D: FG 2797.90 N (Tension)
De=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−Dd sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
De=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−Dd sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
At Joint g:
-16410.83 N (Comp) Gg=−Fg sin 〖 θg+4320 〗
DE=−CD+Dd cos 〖 (90−θ)+De cos(θ+θe) 〗 Gg -7128.62 N (Comp)
+2800 cos(90−θ) gh=−fg+Fg
gh=−fg+Fg θgθg
cos
cos
-1825.91 N (Comp) gh -2690.35 N (Comp)

At Joint e: At Joint G:
Ee=De sin 〖 θe+4320 〗 Gh=(−2800 sin(90−θ)+Gg
15000.0 N (Tension) sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 ( θ+θh) 〗
ef=de−De cosθe Gh 4295.38 N (Tension)
1755.64 N (Tension) GH=FG−Gg cos 〖 (90−θ)−Gh cos(θ+θh) 〗
+2800 cos(90−θ)

At Joint E: GH 546.91 N (Tension)

f=(−2800 sin(90−θ)−Ee
in 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θf) 〗
At Joint h:
-18921.69 N (Comp) Hh=−2Gh sin 〖 θh+4320 〗
F=−DE+Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)+Ef cos(θ+θf) 〗 Hh -3100.5 N (Comp)
+2800 cos(90−θ)

11132.71 N (Tension) CHECKING:

At Joint H:
At Joint f: Hh=−2800−2GH cos(90−θ)

Ff=Ef sin 〖 θf+4320 〗− R2 Hh -3100.5 N (Comp)

-16538.34 N (Comp)
fg=ef−Ef cos θf
-10704.38 N (Comp)
 STRESSES ON MEMBERS OF THE TRUS

6000N
6000N
Given Data: 6000N
6000N H
Bay Length (BL) 4m G
6000N
Length of AB 1.5600 m 6000N F
6000N E
Spacing of Purlins (Sp) .50 m D
3000N
Span of Truss (L) 21.00 m C
B
Length of Ab 1.50 m A
Rise of Truss 3.00 m b c d e f g h
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.5

Roof Slope = Rise/(L/2) 29%

LL (Min. Roof Live Load, NSCP) R1 R2
LL = 1 kPa

P2=(LL x BL x Ab)1/2
P1=LL x BL x Ab

P1 = 6 KN P2 = 3 KN
P1 = 6000 N P2 = 3000 N
MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO LIVE LOAD

6000N
6000N 6000N
6000N 6000N
6000N H 6000N
G I 6000N
F J 6000N
E K 6000N
L 3000N
M
N
O
e f g h i j k l m n
m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

R2 R3 R4

CONVERTING CONCENTRATED LOAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTIVE LOAD (W)

W=6000(14)/21
4000 N/m

W 4000 N/m
Total Length 21.00 m
L @ Midspan 6m A B C
21.00 m
L @ both side Span 7.50 m
R1 R2 R3

MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (MDM)

L1 L2 L3
SPAN
7.50 6.00 7.50
W1 W2 W3
LOADS
4000.00 4000.00 4000.00
Joint A B C
Member AB BA BC CB CD
Stiffness 0.133333333 0.13333333 0.166666667 0.16666667 0.13333333
Cycle DF 1.00 0.44 0.56 0.56 0.44
FEM -18750.00 18750.00 -12000.00 12000.00 -18750.00
1
Bal 18750.00 -3000.00 -3750.00 3750.00 3000.00
COM -1500.00 9375.00 1875.00 -1875.00 -9375.00
2
Bal 1500.00 -5000.00 -6250.00 6250.00 5000.00
COM -2500.00 750.00 3125.00 -3125.00 -750.00
3
 3
Bal 2500.00 -1722.22 -2152.78 2152.78 1722.22
COM -861.11 1250.00 1076.39 -1076.39 -1250.00
4
Bal 861.11 -1033.95 -1292.44 1292.44 1033.95
COM -516.98 430.56 646.22 -646.22 -430.56
5
Bal 516.98 -478.57 -598.21 598.21 478.57
COM -239.28 258.49 299.10 -299.10 -258.49
6
Bal 239.28 -247.82 -309.77 309.77 247.82
COM -123.91 119.64 154.89 -154.89 -119.64
7
Bal 123.91 -122.01 -152.52 152.52 122.01
COM -61.01 61.95 76.26 -76.26 -61.95
8
Bal 61.01 -61.43 -76.78 76.78 61.43
COM -30.71 30.50 38.39 -38.39 -30.50
9
Bal 30.71 -30.62 -38.28 38.28 30.62
COM -15.31 15.36 19.14 -19.14 -15.36
10
Bal 15.31 -15.33 -19.16 19.16 15.33
COM -7.67 7.66 9.58 -9.58 -7.66
11
Bal 7.67 -7.66 -9.58 9.58 7.66
COM -3.83 3.83 4.79 -4.79 -3.83
12
Bal 3.83 -3.83 -4.79 4.79 3.83
∑(END MOMENTS) 0.00 19329.55 -19329.55 19329.55 -19329.55
R1 R2-1 R2-2 R3-1 R3-2
SHEAR
12422.727 17577.273 12000.000 12000.000 17577.273

REACTIONS 12422.727 29577.273 29577.273

Checking RTOTAL 84000.00 = WUL 84000.00

DISTRIBUTIVE LOAD (W)

4000 N/m

C D
21.00 m
R3 R4

DM) SOLVING FOR REACTIONS

L3
7.50 Considering segment AB:
W3 ∑MB = 0 +
4000.00
R1(7.50)+MBA=W(7.50)(7.50/2)
D
DC R1 12422.727 N↑
0.13333333
1.00 ∑MA = 0 +
18750.00 RTotal=W(Total L
−R2(7.50)+MBA=−W(7.50)(7.50/2)
-18750.00
1500.00 R2(BA) 17577.2727584206 N
-1500.00
2500.00 Considering segment BC:
 -2500.00 ∑MC = 0 +
861.11
R2(6)+MCB−MBC=W(6)(6/2)
-861.11
516.98 R2(BC) 12000 N
-516.98
239.28 ∑MB = 0 +
-239.28
−R3(6)+MCB−MBC=−W(6)(6/2)
123.91
-123.91
61.01 R3(CB) 12000 N
-61.01
30.71 Considering segment CD:
-30.71 ∑MD = 0 +
15.31 R3(7.50)−MCD=W(7.50)(7.50/2)
-15.31
7.67 R3(CD) 17577.3 N
-7.67
3.83 ∑MC = 0 +
-3.83
−R4(7.50)−MCD=−W(7.50)(7.50/2)
0.00
R4 R4 12422.727 N
12422.727

12422.727

Okay
OR REACTIONS FORCES ON INTERNAL M

R1 12422.73 N↑ Given Data:

R2 = R2(BA) + R2(BC) Ө=
R2 29577.27 N↑ sin Ө =
R3 = R3(CB) + R3(CD) cos Ө =
R3 29577.27 N↑ R1 =
R4 12422.73 N↑ R2 =
CHECKING: R3 =
RTotal=W(Total Length) R4 =
RTOTAL #REF! N↑ sin (90-Ө) =
WL 84000 N↓ sin (2Ө) =
Therefore, #REF! cos (90-Ө) =
cos (2Ө) =
 Өd=
Өe=
Өf=
Өg=
Өh=
sinӨ d =
sinӨ e =
sinӨ f =
sinӨ g =
sinӨ h =
cosӨ d =
cosӨ e =
cosӨ f =
cosӨ g =
cosӨ h =
 6000N
6000N 6000N
6000N 6000N
6000N H 6000N
6000N G I 6000N
6000N F J 6000N
6000N E K 6000N
3000N D L 3000N
C M
B N
A O
b c d e f g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

R1 R2 R3 R4

FORCES ON INTERNAL MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO DEAD LOAD (USING JOINT METHOD)

Given Data: *Assume:All Unknown forces are tension.

15.945 Tension = (+)
0.275 Compression = (-)
0.962
12422.73 At Joint A: At Joint d:
29577.27 Dd=Cd sinθd
AB=(3000−R1)/sinθ
29577.27 Dd
12422.73 AB -34299.2 N (Comp) de=cd−Cd cosθd
0.96 Ab=AB cosθ de
0.53 Ab 32979.5 N (Tension)
0.27 At Joint D:
0.85 At Joint b: De=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−D
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
 De=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−D
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
29.7448812974 bc = Ab 32979.5 N (Tension)
40.6012946337 bB=0 De
48.81407484 Bb .0 N DE=−CD+Dd cos 〖 (90−θ
+6000 cos(90−θ)
55.0079798057
59.7435628381 At Joint B: DE
0.4961389384 Bc=(−Bb sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗− 6000
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin2θ
0.6507913733 At Joint e:
0.7525766948 Bc -10920.2 N (Comp) Ee=De sinθe
0.8192319206 BC=−AB+Bb cos 〖 (90−θ)+Bc cos(2θ) 〗 Ee
+6000 cos(90−θ)
0.8637789009 ef=de−De cosθe
0.8682431421 BC -23379 N (Comp) ef
0.7592566025
0.6585046078 At Joint c: At Joint E:
0.5734623443 Cc=Bc sinθ Ef=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−Ee
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θ
0.5038710255 Cc 3000.0 N (Tension)
cd=bc−Bc cosθ Ef
cd 22479.55 N (Tension) EF=−DE+Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)
+6000 cos(90−θ)

At Joint C: EF
Cd=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−Cc
sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θd) 〗
At Joint f:
Cd -12093.44 N (Comp) Ff=Ef sinθf−R2

CD=−BC+Cc cos 〖 (90−θ)+Cd cos(θ+θd) 〗 Ff

+6000 cos(90−θ) fg=ef−Ef cos θf
CD -12458.9 N (Comp) fg
6000N
6000N
3000N
M
N
O
m n
m 1.50 m 1.50 m

R4

METHOD)

At Joint d: At Joint F:
Dd=Cd sinθd Fg=(−6000 sin(90−θ)+Ff
6000.03 N (Tension) sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θg) 〗
de=cd−Cd cosθd Fg 11776.53 N (Tension)
11979.50 N (Tension) FG=EF−Ff cos 〖 (90−θ)−Fg cos(θ+θg) 〗
+6000 cos(90−θ)
At Joint D: FG 2357.78 N (Tension)
De=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−Dd sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
De=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−Dd sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗
)/sin 〖 (θ+θe) 〗
At Joint g:
-13829.35 N (Comp) Gg=−Fg sinθg

DE=−CD+Dd cos 〖 (90−θ)+De cos(θ+θe) 〗 Gg -9647.71 N (Comp)

+6000 cos(90−θ) gh=−fg+Fg cosθg
-1538.68 N (Comp) gh -2267.14 N (Comp)

At Joint e: At Joint G:
Ee=De sinθe Gh=(−6000 sin(90−θ)+Gg
9000.0 N (Tension) sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 ( θ+θh) 〗

ef=de−De cosθe Gh 3619.70 N (Tension)

1479.47 N (Tension) GH=FG−Gg cos 〖 (90−θ)−Gh cos(θ+θh) 〗
+6000 cos(90−θ)

At Joint E: GH 460.88 N (Tension)

f=(−6000 sin(90−θ)−Ee
in 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θf) 〗
At Joint h:
-15945.24 N (Comp) Hh=−2Gh sinθh
F=−DE+Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)+Ef cos(θ+θf) 〗 Hh -6253.2 N (Comp)
+6000 cos(90−θ)

9381.50 N (Tension) CHECKING:

At Joint H:
At Joint f: Hh=−6000−2GH cos(90−θ)
Ff=Ef sinθf−R2 Hh -6253.2 N (Comp)
-17577.26 N (Comp)
fg=ef−Ef cos θf
-9020.54 N (Comp)
 STRESSES ON MEMBERS OF THE

P1
P2
P2 H
P2 G
P2
P2 F
P2 E
P1 D
C
B
A
b c d e f g h
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L1 L2

R1 R2
Windward Roof Slope: Windward:
P= -0.539 kPa P1 = P x T.ARS/2
P= -539 Pa P1 = -1682.41 N
Leeward Roof Slope: P2 = P x T.ARS
P= -0.433 kPa P2 = -3364.82 N
P= -433 Pa

Tributary Area of Roof Surface: Leeward:

P3 = P x T.ARS/2
Area(T.ARS)=Bay lenght x AB
P3 = -1350.58
Area(T.ARS) = 6.2400942 m² P4 = P x T.ARS
P4 = -2701.16
RESSES ON MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO WIND LOAD

P1 P3
P2 P4
P2 H P4
P2 G P4
I P4
F J
E K
P4
P4
L P3
M
N
O
e f g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L2 L3

R2 R3 R4
CONVERTING CONCENTRATED LOAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTR
For Windward: For Leeward:
W1=(−3364.82(7))/10.9 W2=(−2701.16(7))/10.9
20 20

W= 2157 N/m ↑ W= 1731

ard: AH=HO=√( 〖 (10.5) 〗 ^2+

〖 (3) 〗 ^2 ) 10.920 m X2
AH = 10.920 m
N L1/7.5=10.9 2157 N/m
20/10.5

N L1 = 7.80
L1 =L3= 7.80
A B X1
L2/6=10.92 L1 L2
0/10.5 R1 R2
L2 = 6.24
SOLVING FOR REACTIONS BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION
FIXED END MOMENT (FEM): FEM B-C & C-B:
FEM=± X1 =
(WDL 〖 (Ln) 〗 ^2)/1
2 FEMBC=−(11 〖 W(L)
FEMA-B = -10935.83 KN.m 〗 ^2)/192
FEMB-A = 10935.83 KN.m
FEMc-d & dc = 0 FEM B-C =
 MOMENT
SPAN

LOADS

Joint
Member
Stiffness
LOAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD (W)
Cycle
For Leeward:
1
16(7))/10.9

2
N/m ↑

3
10.920 m X2
4
157 N/m
5

B 6
X1 C D
L2 L3
R2 R3 R4 7

NS BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

8
FEM B-C & C-B:
3.12 X2 = 3.12
9
FEMBC=−(11 〖 W(L) FEMCB=−(5 〖 W(L)
〗 ^2)/192 〗 ^2)/192
10

-4811.77 N.m FEM C-B = -2187.17 N.m 11

12

∑(END MOMENTS)
 SHEAR

REACTIONS

Checking
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (MDM)
L1 L2 L3
SPAN
7.80 6.24 7.80
W1 W2 W3
LOADS
2157 2157
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
Stiffness 0.1282 0.1282 0.1603 0.1603 0.1282 0.1282
DF 1.00 0.44 0.56 0.56 0.44 1.00
FEM -10935.83 10935.83 -4811.77 -2187.17 0.00 0.00
Bal 10935.83 -2721.81 -3402.26 1215.09 972.07 0.00
COM -1360.90 5467.92 607.55 -1701.13 0.00 486.04
Bal 1360.90 -2700.21 -3375.26 945.07 756.06 -486.04
COM -1350.10 680.45 472.54 -1687.63 -243.02 378.03
Bal 1350.10 -512.44 -640.55 1072.58 858.07 -378.03
COM -256.22 675.05 536.29 -320.27 -189.01 429.03
Bal 256.22 -538.37 -672.97 282.94 226.35 -429.03
COM -269.19 128.11 141.47 -336.48 -214.52 113.18
Bal 269.19 -119.81 -149.77 306.11 244.89 -113.18
COM -59.91 134.59 153.06 -74.88 -56.59 122.44
Bal 59.91 -127.84 -159.81 73.04 58.43 -122.44
COM -63.92 29.95 36.52 -79.90 -61.22 29.22
Bal 63.92 -29.54 -36.93 78.40 62.72 -29.22
COM -14.77 31.96 39.20 -18.46 -14.61 31.36
Bal 14.77 -31.63 -39.53 18.37 14.70 -31.36
COM -15.81 7.39 9.19 -19.77 -15.68 7.35
Bal 15.81 -7.37 -9.21 19.69 15.75 -7.35
COM -3.68 7.91 9.85 -4.60 -3.67 7.88
Bal 3.68 -7.89 -9.86 4.60 3.68 -7.88
COM -3.95 1.84 2.30 -4.93 -3.94 1.84
Bal 3.95 -1.84 -2.30 4.93 3.94 -1.84
COM -0.92 1.97 2.46 -1.15 -0.92 1.97
Bal 0.92 -1.97 -2.46 1.15 0.92 -1.97
∑(END MOMENTS) 0.00 11302.25 -11302.25 -2414.40 2414.40 0.00
 R1 R2-1 R2-2 R3-1 R3-2 R4
SHEAR
9861.04 6963.07 2849.08 3880.560 309.53 -309.53

REACTIONS 9861.037 9812.149 4190.094 -309.534

Checking RTOTAL 23553.75 = WUL 23553.75 Okay

 SOLVING FOR REACTIONS
*Considering segment A-B: ∑MB = 0 +
∑MB = 0 + R3(6.24)−MCB−MBC=W(
−R1(7.80)+MBA X1)(X1/2)
=−W(7.80)(7.80/2)

R3(C-B) = 3880.56 N
R1 = 9861.04 N↓
∑MA = 0 + *Considering segment C-D:
R2(7.80)+MBA ∑MD = 0 +
=W(7.80)(7.80/2)
−R3(7.80)−MCD=0

R2(B-A) = 6963.07 N
R3(C-D) = -309.53 N
*Considering segment B-C:
∑MC = 0 + ∑MC = 0 +
−R2(6.24)−MBC−MCB
=−W(X1)(X1/2+X2) R4(7.80)−MCD=0

R2(B-C) = 2849.08 N R4 = 309.53 N

 P1
P2
P2 H
P2 G
P2
P2 F
P2 E
P1 D
C
B
A
b c d e f g
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L1

R1 R2
FORCES ON INTERNAL MEMBERS OF TH
USING JOINT M

Solve for R2 &R3 : Given Data:

R2 = R2(B-A) + R2(B-C) Ө= 15.95
R2 = 9812.15 N↓ sin Ө = 0.27
R3 = R3(C-B) + R3(C-D) cos Ө = 0.96
R3 = 3571.03 N↓ R1 = 9861.04
R2 = 9812.15
CHECKING: sin (90-Ө) 0.962
RTotal=W(Lenght AK) sin (2Ө) 0.53
RTOTAL = 23553.7 N↑ cos (90-Ө) 0.27
WL = 23553.7 N↓ cos (2Ө) 0.85
Therefore, OK P1 -1682.41
P2 -3364.82
P1cos Ө = -1617.68
P2cos Ө = -3235.36
sin (90-2Ө) = 0.85
 P1
P2
P2 H
P2 G
2
F
E

d e f g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L2 L3

R2 R3 R4
N INTERNAL MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO WIND LOAD (WINDWARD)
USING JOINT METHOD:

*Assume:All Unknown forces are tension.

Tension = (+)
Compression = (-)

At Joint A: At Joint c:
AB=(−P1cosθ+R1cosθ)/sinθ Cc=−Bc sinθ
Cc -1749.7 N (Comp)
AB 28625.2 N (Tension) cd=−bc+Bc cosθ

Ab=(−AB)/cosθ cd -23646.58 N (Comp)

DE=CD−Dd

Ab -29770.7 N (Comp) At Joint C:

Cd=(P2+Cc
At Joint b: sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θd) 〗
bc = Ab -29770.7 N (Comp) Cd 7053.43 N (Tension)
bB=0 CD=BC−Cc cos 〖 (90−θ)−Cd
Bb .0 N cos(θ+θd) 〗
CD 17809.7 N (Tension)
At Joint B:
Bc=P2/sin2θ At Joint d:
Dd=−Cd sinθd
Ef=(P2+Ee s
Bc 6369.1 N (Tension) Dd -3499.50 N (Comp)
BC=AB−Bc cos(2θ) de=−cd+Cd cosθd
de -17522.50 N (Comp)
EF=DE−Ee
 EF=DE−Ee
BC 23217 N (Tension)
At Joint D: At Joint f:
De=(P2+Dd sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θe) Ff=−Ef sinθf+R2cosϴ
Ff 2436.15 N (Tension)
De 8065.97 N (Tension) fg=−ef+Ef cos θf−R2sin"ϴ"
fg -14093.84 N (Comp)
DE=CD−Dd cos 〖 (90−θ)−De cos(θ+θe) 〗

DE 12401.76 N (Tension) At Joint F:

Fg=(P2−Ff sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θg)
At Joint e:
Ee=−De sinθe Fg 1081.62 N (Tension)
Ee -5249.1 N (Comp)
FG=EF+Ff cos 〖 (90−θ)−Fg cos(θ+θg) 〗
ef=−de+De cosθe
ef -11398.24 N (Comp) FG 7310.26 N (Tension)

At Joint E: At Joint g:
Gg=−Fg sinθg
Ef=(P2+Ee sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θf)
Gg -886.01 N (Comp)
Ef 9299.92 N (Tension) gh=−fg+Fg cos θg
gh -13473.45 N (Comp)
EF=DE−Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)−Ef cos(θ+θf) 〗
EF=DE−Ee cos 〖 (90−θ)−Ef cos(θ+θf) 〗

EF 6993.98 N (Tension)
At Joint G:
Gh=(P2+Gg sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θh)

Gh 4351.80 N (Tension)

GH=FG−Gg cos 〖 (90−θ)−Gh cos(θ+θh) 〗

GH 5991.08 N (Tension)

At Joint h:
Hh=−2Gh sinθh
Hh -3759 N (Comp)
 STRESSES ON MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS D

P1 P3
P2 P4
P2 H
P2 G
P2 I
P2 F
P2 E
P1 D
C
B
A
b c d e f g h i
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L1 L2

R1 R2 R
Windward Roof Slope: Windward:
P= -0.539 kPa P1 = P x T.ARS/2
P= -539 Pa P1 = -1682.41 N
Leeward Roof Slope: P2 = P x T.ARS
P= -0.433 kPa P2 = -3364.82 N
P= -433 Pa

Tributary Area of Roof Surface: Leeward:

P3 = P x T.ARS/2
Area(T.ARS)=Bay lenght x AB
P3 = -1350.58
Area(T.ARS) = 6.240 m² P4 = P x T.ARS
P4 = -2701.16
MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO WIND LOAD

P1 P3
P2 P4
H P4
G P4
I P4
J P4
K P4
L P3
M
N
O
g h i j k l m n
50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L2 L3

R3 R4
CONVERTING CONCENTRATED LOAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTR

For Windward: For Leeward:

W1=(−3364.82(7))/10.9 W2=(−2701.16(7))/10.9
20 20

W= 2157 N/m ↑ W= 1731

ward: AH=HO=√( 〖 (10.5) 〗 ^2+

X2
〖 (3)AH
〗=^2 ) 10.920 m
N L1/7.50=10.9
20/10.5

N L1 = 7.80
L1 =L3= 7.80
A B X1
L2/6=10.92 L1 L2
0/10.5 R1 R2
L2 = 6.24
SOLVING FOR REACTIONS BY MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD
FIXED END MOMENT (FEM): FEM B-C & C-B:
FEM=± X1 = 3.12 X2 = 3.12
(WDL 〖 (Ln) 〗 ^2)/1
2 FEMBC=−(11 〖 W(L) FEMCB=−(5 〖 W(L)
FEM C-D = -8778.91 KN.m 〗 ^2)/192
〗 ^2)/192
FEM D-C = 8778.91 KN.m
FEMb-a & ab = 0 FEM C-B = -3862.72 N.m
 MOMENT DI
SPAN

LOADS

Joint
Member
Stiffness
Cycle
OAD INTO UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED LOAD (W)
1
For Leeward:
2701.16(7))/10.9
2

N/m ↑
3

X2 10.920 m 4

1731 N/m
5

6
B X1 C D
L2 L3 7
R2 R3 R4

8
DISTRIBUTION METHOD

FEMCB=−(5 〖 W(L) 10
〗 ^2)/192
11
FEM B-C = -1755.78 N.m

12

∑(END MOMENTS)

SHEAR
 SHEAR

REACTIONS

Checking
 MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD (MDM)
L1 L2 L3
SPAN
7.80 6.24 7.80
W1 W2 W3
LOADS
1731 1731
Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
Stiffness 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.13
DF 1.00 0.44 0.56 0.56 0.44 1.00
FEM 0.00 0.00 -1755.78 -3862.72 -8778.91 8778.91
Bal 0.00 780.35 975.43 7023.13 5618.50 -8778.91
COM 390.17 0.00 3511.56 487.72 -4389.45 2809.25
Bal -390.17 -1560.69 -1950.87 2167.63 1734.11 -2809.25
COM -780.35 -195.09 1083.82 -975.43 -1404.63 867.05
Bal 780.35 -394.99 -493.74 1322.26 1057.80 -867.05
COM -197.50 390.17 661.13 -246.87 -433.53 528.90
Bal 197.50 -467.25 -584.06 378.00 302.40 -528.90
COM -233.62 98.75 189.00 -292.03 -264.45 151.20
Bal 233.62 -127.89 -159.86 309.16 247.32 -151.20
COM -63.94 116.81 154.58 -79.93 -75.60 123.66
Bal 63.94 -120.62 -150.77 86.41 69.12 -123.66
COM -60.31 31.97 43.20 -75.39 -61.83 34.56
Bal 60.31 -33.41 -41.76 76.23 60.99 -34.56
COM -16.71 30.15 38.12 -20.88 -17.28 30.49
Bal 16.71 -30.34 -37.93 21.20 16.96 -30.49
COM -15.17 8.35 10.60 -18.96 -15.25 8.48
Bal 15.17 -8.42 -10.53 19.01 15.20 -8.48
COM -4.21 7.59 9.50 -5.26 -4.24 7.60
Bal 4.21 -7.59 -9.49 5.28 4.22 -7.60 −R3(6.24)−M
COM -3.80 2.11 2.64 -4.75 -3.80 2.11
Bal 3.80 -2.11 -2.64 4.75 3.80 -2.11
COM -1.05 1.90 2.37 -1.32 -1.06 1.90
Bal 1.05 -1.90 -2.37 1.32 1.06 -1.90
∑(END MOMENTS) 0.00 -1482.15 1482.15 6318.53 -6318.53 0.00
R1 R2-1 R2-2 R3-1 R3-2 R4
SHEAR
 SHEAR
-190.017 190.017 2600.672 2801.652 5942.849 7562.961

REACTIONS -190.017 2790.689 8744.501 7562.961

Checking RTOTAL 18908.13 = WUL 18908.13 Okay

 SOLVING FOR REACTIONS

Considering segment AB: Considering segment CD:

∑MC = 0 + ∑MA = 0 +
−R4(7.80)+MBA=−W(7.80)(7.80/2) −R2(7.80)+MCD=0

R4 6562.89 N R2(BA) -810.06 N

∑MD = 0 + ∑MB = 0 +

R3(7.80)+MBA=W(7.80)(7.80/2) R1(7.80)+MCD=0

R3(CD) 6942.92 N R1 810.06 N

Considering segment BC: R1 810.06 N↓

∑MB = 0 + R2 = R2(BA) + R2(BC)
R2 -709.57 N↓
−R3(6.24)−MCB−MBC=−W(X1)(𝑋1/2+𝑋2) R3 = R3(CB) + R3(CD)
R3(CB) 5301.83 N R3 12244.76 N↓
R4 6562.89 N↑
∑MC = 0 + CHECKING:
RTotal=W(Total Length)
R2(6.24)−MCB−MBC=W(X1)(X1/2) RTOTAL 18908.1 N↓
WL 18908.1 N↑
R2(BC) 100.49 N Therefore, OK
 P3
P4
H
I

b c d e f g h i
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L1 L2

R1 R2 R3
FORCES ON INTERNAL MEMBERS OF THE TRUSS DUE TO WIND LOA
USING JOINT METHOD:

Given Data: *Assume:All Unknown forces

Ө= 15.95 Tension = (+)
sin Ө = 0.27 Compression = (-)
cos Ө = 0.96
R4 = 6562.89 At Joint O:
R3 = 12244.76 ON=(−P3cosθ+R4cosθ)/sinθ
sin (90-Ө) 0.962
sin (2Ө) 0.53 ON
cos (90-Ө) 0.27 On=(−ON)/cosθ
cos (2Ө) 0.85
P3 -1350.58 On
P4 -2701.16
P3cos Ө = -1298.62 At Joint n:
P4cos Ө = -2597.23 nm = On
sin (90-2Ө) = 0.85 nN=0
nN

At Joint N:
Nm=P4/sin2θ

Nm
 NM=ON−Nm cos(2θ)

NM
 P3
P4
P4
H P4
I P4
J P4
K P4
L P3
M
N
O
g h i j k l m n
1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m 1.50 m

L2 L3

R3 R4
THE TRUSS DUE TO WIND LOAD (LEEWARD)
METHOD:

*Assume:All Unknown forces are tension.

Tension = (+)
Compression = (-)

At Joint O: At Joint m: At Joint L:

Mm=−Nm sinθ
ON=(−P3cosθ+R4cosθ)/sinθ Lk=(P4+Ll sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin
Mm -1404.6 N (Comp)
18243.1 N (Tension) ml=−nm+Nm cosθ Lk
On=(−ON)/cosθ ml -14056.90 N (Comp)
LK=ML−Ll cos 〖 (90−θ)−Lk cos(

-18973.1 N (Comp) At Joint M: LK

Ml=(P4+Mm
At Joint n: sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin 〖 (θ+θl) 〗 At Joint k:
-18973.1 N (Comp) Ml 5662.25 N (Tension) Kk=−Lk sinθk
nN=0 ML=NM−Mmcos 〖 (90−θ)−Ml Kk
.0 N cos(θ+θl) 〗 kj=−lk+Lk cosθk
ML 9560.7 N (Tension) kj
At Joint N:
Nm=P4/sin2θ At Joint l: At Joint K:
Ll=−Ml sinθl
Kj=(P4+Kk sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ
5112.9 N (Tension) Ll -2809.27 N (Comp)
NM=ON−Nm cos(2θ) lk=−ml+Ml cosθl Kj
lk -9140.69 N (Comp)
KJ=LK−Kk cos 〖 (90−θ)−Kj cos(θ
13902 N (Tension)
KJ
At Joint L: At Joint j:
Jj=−Kj sinθj+R3cosϴ
Lk=(P4+Ll sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θk) Ih=(P4+Ii sin 〖
Jj 6155.50 N (Tension)
6475.08 N (Tension) ji=−kj+Kj cos θj−R3sin"ϴ"
ji -2671.67 N (Comp)
K=ML−Ll cos 〖 (90−θ)−Lk cos(θ+θk) 〗 IH=JI−Ii cos 〖

5219.46 N (Tension) At Joint J:

Ji=(P4−Jj sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θi)
At Joint k:
Kk=−Lk sinθk Ji -3403.86 N (Comp)
-4213.8 N (Comp)
JI=KJ+Jj cos 〖 (90−θ)−Ji cos(θ+θi) 〗
kj=−lk+Lk cosθk
-4224.35 N (Comp) JI 3680.16 N (Tension)

At Joint K: At Joint i:
Ii=−Ji sinθi
j=(P4+Kk sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θj)
Ii 2788.28 N (Tension)
ih=−ji+Ji cos θi
 7465.65 N (Tension) ih=−ji+Ji cos θi
ih -4624.04 N (Comp)
J=LK−Kk cos 〖 (90−θ)−Kj cos(θ+θj) 〗

878.29 N (Tension)
At Joint I:
Ih=(P4+Ii sin 〖 (90−θ) 〗 )/sin(θ+θh)

Ih 20.81 N (Tension)

IH=JI−Ii cos 〖 (90−θ)−Ih cos(θ+θh) 〗

IH 4441.01 N (Tension)

At Joint h:
Hh=−2Ih sinθh
Hh -18 N (Comp)
 TABULATION OF LOADS ACTING ON EAC

TOP CHORD MEMBERS

BASIC LOAD CASE (N) COMBIN

LENGTH
MEMBER Windload Windload
Dead Load Live Load DL + LL
m (Windward) (Leeward)
AB 1.5600235 -40701.77 -34299.24 28625.19 18243.08 -75001.02
BC 1.5600235 -27743.17 -23379.08 23217.45 13901.92 -51122.26
CD 1.5600235 -14784.53 -12458.88 17809.65 9560.73 -27243.41
DE 1.5600235 -1825.91 -1538.68 12401.76 5219.46 -3364.59
EF 1.5600235 11132.71 9381.50 6993.98 878.29 20514.20
FG 1.5600235 2797.90 2357.78 7310.26 3680.16 5155.68
GH 1.5600235 546.91 460.88 5991.08 4441.01 1007.79
HI 1.5600235 546.91 460.88 4441.01 5991.08 1007.79
IJ 1.5600235 2797.90 2357.78 3680.16 7310.26 5155.68
JK 1.5600235 11132.71 9381.50 878.29 6993.98 20514.20
KL 1.5600235 -1825.91 -1538.68 5219.46 12401.76 -3364.59
LM 1.5600235 -14784.53 -12458.88 9560.73 17809.65 -27243.41
MN 1.5600235 -27743.17 -23379.08 13901.92 23217.45 -51122.26
NO 1.5600235 -40701.77 -34299.24 18243.08 28625.19 -75001.02

VERTICAL MEMBERS

BASIC LOAD CASE (N) COMBIN

LENGTH
MEMBER Windload Windload
Dead Load Live Load DL + LL
m (Windward) (Leeward)
Bb 0.35714 4320.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4320.0
Cc 0.71429 7880.00 3000.00 -1749.73 -1404.63 10880.0
Dd 1.07143 -16410.83 6000.03 -3499.50 -2809.27 -10410.8
Ee 1.42857 15000.03 9000.02 -5249.13 -4213.82 24000.0
Ff 1.78571 -16538.34 -17577.26 2436.15 6155.50 -34115.6
Gg 2.14286 -7128.62 -9647.71 -886.01 2788.28 -16776.3
Hh 2.50000 -3100.52 -6253.25 -3758.98 -3758.98 -9353.8
 Ii 2.14286 -7128.62 -9647.71 2788.28 -886.01 -16776.3
Jj 1.78571 -16538.34 -17577.26 6155.50 2436.15 -34115.6
Kk 1.42857 15000.03 9000.02 -4213.82 -5249.13 24000.0
Ll 1.07143 -16410.83 6000.03 -2809.27 -3499.50 -10410.8
Mm 0.71429 7880.00 3000.00 -1404.63 -1749.73 10880.0
Nn 0.35714 4320.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4320.0
ING ON EACH MEMBER OF TRUSS

RD MEMBERS

COMBINATION LOAD CASE (N)

Maximum LENGTH
DL + WL DL + WL DL + 0.75 DL + 0.75 NATURE MEMBER
Stress
(W) (L) (LL+WLW) (LL+WLL) m
-12076.58 -22458.70 -44957.31 -52743.90 -75001.02 (Comp) Ab 1.50
-4525.73 -13841.25 -27864.40 -34851.04 -51122.26 (Comp) bc 1.50
3025.12 -5223.80 -10771.45 -16958.14 -27243.41 (Comp) cd 1.50
10575.85 3393.56 6321.40 934.68 12401.76 (Tension) de 1.50
18126.69 12010.99 23414.32 18827.54 23414.32 (Tension) ef 1.50
10108.16 6478.06 10048.93 7326.36 10108.16 (Tension) fg 1.50
6537.99 4987.92 5385.88 4223.33 6537.99 (Tension) gh 1.50
4987.92 6537.99 4223.33 5385.88 6537.99 (Tension) hi 1.50
6478.06 10108.16 7326.36 10048.93 10108.16 (Tension) ij 1.50
12010.99 18126.69 18827.54 23414.32 23414.32 (Tension) jk 1.50
3393.56 10575.85 934.68 6321.40 12401.76 (Tension) kl 1.50
-5223.80 3025.12 -16958.14 -10771.45 -27243.41 (Comp) lm 1.50
-13841.25 -4525.73 -34851.04 -27864.40 -51122.26 (Comp) mn 1.50
-22458.70 -12076.58 -52743.90 -44957.31 -75001.02 (Comp) On 1.50

MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD -75001.02 (Comp)

AL MEMBERS

COMBINATION LOAD CASE (N)

Maximum LENGTH
DL + WL DL + WL DL + 0.75 DL + 0.75 NATURE MEMBER
Stress
(W) (L) (LL+WLW) (LL+WLL) m
4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 (Tension) Bc 1.30002
6130.27 6475.37 8817.70 9076.53 10880.00 (Tension) Cd 1.43969
-19910.32 -19220.10 -14535.43 -14017.76 -19910.32 (Comp) De 1.64635
9750.90 10786.21 17813.20 18589.68 24000.05 (Tension) Ef 1.89824
-14102.19 -10382.84 -27894.17 -25104.66 -34115.60 (Comp) Fg 2.17974
-8014.63 -4340.34 -15028.91 -12273.20 -16776.33 (Comp) Gh 2.48079
-6859.50 -6859.50 -10609.69 -10609.69 -10609.69 (Comp) Ih 2.48079
 -4340.34 -8014.63 -12273.20 -15028.91 -16776.33 (Comp) Ji 2.17974
-10382.84 -14102.19 -25104.66 -27894.17 -34115.60 (Comp) Kj 1.89824
10786.21 9750.90 18589.68 17813.20 24000.05 (Tension) Lk 1.64635
-19220.10 -19910.32 -14017.76 -14535.43 -19910.32 (Comp) Ml 1.43969
6475.37 6130.27 9076.53 8817.70 10880.00 (Tension) Nm 1.30002
4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 4320.00 (Tension)

MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD -34115.60 (Comp)

 BOTTOM CHORD MEMBERS

BASIC LOAD CASE (N) COMBINATION LOAD CASE (N)

Windload Windload DL + WL DL + WL DL + 0.75
Dead Load Live Load DL + LL
(Windward) (Leeward) (W) (L) (LL+WLW)
39135.73 32979.55 -29770.65 -18973.08 72115.3 9365.08 20162.64 41542.40
39135.73 32979.55 -29770.65 -18973.08 72115.3 9365.08 20162.64 41542.40
26675.73 22479.55 -23646.58 -14056.90 49155.3 3029.14 12618.83 25800.45
14215.67 11979.50 -17522.50 -9140.69 26195.2 -3306.83 5074.98 10058.42
1755.64 1479.47 -11398.24 -4224.35 3235.1 -9642.60 -2468.71 -5683.44
-10704.38 -9020.54 -14093.84 -2671.67 -19724.9 -24798.22 -13376.05 -28040.17
-2690.35 -2267.14 -13473.45 -4624.04 -4957.5 -16163.80 -7314.39 -14495.79
-2690.35 -2267.14 -4624.04 -13473.45 -4957.5 -7314.39 -16163.80 -7858.74
-10704.38 -9020.54 -2671.67 -14093.84 -19724.9 -13376.05 -24798.22 -19473.54
1755.64 1479.47 -4224.35 -11398.24 3235.1 -2468.71 -9642.60 -303.02
14215.67 11979.50 -9140.69 -17522.50 26195.2 5074.98 -3306.83 16344.77
26675.73 22479.55 -14056.90 -23646.58 49155.3 12618.83 3029.14 32992.71
39135.73 32979.55 -18973.08 -29770.65 72115.3 20162.64 9365.08 49640.57
39135.73 32979.55 -18973.08 -29770.65 72115.3 20162.64 9365.08 49640.57

MAXIMUM ACTUAL TENSILE LOAD

DIAGONAL MEMBERS

BASIC LOAD CASE (N) COMBINATION LOAD CASE (N)

Windload Windload DL + WL DL + WL DL + 0.75
Dead Load Live Load DL + LL
(Windward) (Leeward) (W) (L) (LL+WLW)
-12958.60 -10920.16 6369.13 5112.91 -23878.76 -6589.47 -7845.68 -16371.88
-14350.89 -12093.44 7053.43 5662.25 -26444.33 -7297.45 -8688.63 -18130.89
-16410.83 -13829.35 8065.97 6475.08 -30240.18 -8344.86 -9935.75 -20733.36
-18921.69 -15945.24 9299.92 7465.65 -34866.93 -9621.77 -11456.03 -23905.68
13974.82 11776.53 1081.62 -3403.86 25751.36 15056.44 10570.97 23618.44
4295.38 3619.70 4351.80 2788.28 7915.09 8647.19 7083.66 10274.02
4295.38 3619.70 2788.28 4351.80 7915.09 7083.66 8647.19 9101.37
 13974.82 11776.53 -3403.86 1081.62 25751.36 10570.97 15056.44 20254.33
-18921.69 -15945.24 7465.65 9299.92 -34866.93 -11456.03 -9621.77 -25281.38
-16410.83 -13829.35 6475.08 8065.97 -30240.18 -9935.75 -8344.86 -21926.53
-14350.89 -12093.44 5662.25 7053.43 -26444.33 -8688.63 -7297.45 -19174.28
-12958.60 -10920.16 5112.91 6369.13 -23878.76 -7845.68 -6589.47 -17314.03

MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD

CASE (N)
Maximum
DL + 0.75 NATURE
Stress
(LL+WLL)
49640.57 72115.27 (Tension)
49640.57 72115.27 (Tension)
32992.71 49155.27 (Tension)
16344.77 26195.16 (Tension)
-303.02 -11398.24 (Comp)
-19473.54 -28040.17 (Comp)
-7858.74 -16163.80 (Comp)
-14495.79 -16163.80 (Comp)
-28040.17 -28040.17 (Comp)
-5683.44 -11398.24 (Comp)
10058.42 26195.16 (Tension)
25800.45 49155.27 (Tension)
41542.40 72115.27 (Tension)
41542.40 72115.27 (Tension)

AL TENSILE LOAD 72115.27 (Tension)

CASE (N)
Maximum
DL + 0.75 NATURE
Stress
(LL+WLL)
-17314.03 -23878.76 (Comp)
-19174.28 -26444.33 (Comp)
-21926.53 -30240.18 (Comp)
-25281.38 -34866.93 (Comp)
20254.33 25751.36 (Tension)
9101.37 10274.02 (Tension)
10274.02 10274.02 (Tension)
 23618.44 25751.36 (Tension)
-23905.68 -34866.93 (Comp)
-20733.36 -30240.18 (Comp)
-18130.89 -26444.33 (Comp)
-16371.88 -23878.76 (Comp)

COMPRESSIVE LOAD -34866.93 (Comp)

 INVESTIGATION OF TRUSS MEMBERS:

FOR BOTTOM CHORDS FOR VERTICAL MEMBERS

Lc=137,900/
MAXIMUM ACTUAL TENSILE LOAD (d⁄Af)Fy= 6060.9 mm MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOA
Pact = 72115.272 N Pact = 34115.599 N
Use Lc = 381.0 mm
Length of most stress (Lb) = 1.50 m Lb =(1.25)(1000) = 1500.0 mm Length of most stress =
Lb>Lc Coefficient (k) =
Use A36 Steel: Use A36 Steel:
Fy = 248.0 MPa Therefore, use Ft = 0.60Fy Fy = 248 MPa
E= 200000 MPa E= 200000 MPa
Use Double Equal Angle Section: Ft=0.6Fy Use Double Equal Angle Section:
Try: 2L30x30x6 Ft = 148.80 MPa Try: 2L20x20x3
bf = 30 mm Area = 112 mm²
Area (Af) = 327 mm² By Using Double Equal Angle Section: r= 5.90 mm
d= 30 mm Properties of double angle section: Properties of double angle section:
CHECK FOR THE CAPACITY OF THE BAR: A' = 2A = 654 mm² A' = 2A = 224 mm²
Based on allowable Tensile Stress:
σ=P/A; Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa): CHECK FOR LOCAL BUCKLING:
Ft=Pa/Ag Pa=Ft(A′) Combination can fully develop
Allowable Tensile Load (Pa) Pa = 97315.2 N compressive stress:
Pa=Ft(Ag) b/t≤H/√Fy
𝐏�>𝐏�𝐜𝐭
Where;
Lb ≤ Lc: use Ft=0.66Fy Therefore, the Section is Safe. b= 20 mm
Lb ˃ Lc: use Ft=0.60Fy t= 3 mm
Lc=smaller value of Note: H= 200
(200bf/√Fy&137,900/(d⁄Af)Fy) b/t= H/√Fy=
Investigate the Bottom Chords for 7 mm
Maximum Compressive Load Bottom
Lc=200bf/√F Chords.
y= 381.000 mm Therefore, the combination can fully
develop compressive stress.
 MEMBERS: FOR DIAGONAL MEMBERS
MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD
R VERTICAL MEMBERS Pact = 34866.928 N
M ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD kl/r=( 1( 1.785714
) Length of most stress =
(1000))/ 5.9 = 196.731
34115.599 N Coefficient (k) = 0.65
Cc=√((2π^2 Use A36 Steel:
E)/Fy)= 126.17
gth of most stress = 1.79 m Fy = 248.0 MPa
0.65 𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂𝐜
E= 200000 MPa
Since, Use Double Equal Angle Section:
FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc− Try: 2L30x30x5
200000 MPa (kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) = 1.7775 MPa Area = 278.0 mm²
le Equal Angle Section: r= 8.83 m
Properties of double angle section:
Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/
(2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) = -30.088 MPa A' = 2A = 556 mm²

s of double angle section: Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa): CHECK FOR LOCAL BUCKLING:
Combination can fully develop
Pa=A′(Fa)
compressive stress:
R LOCAL BUCKLING: Pa = -6739.6 N b/t≤H/√Fy
tion can fully develop
ive stress: 𝐏�𝐥𝐥>𝐏�𝐜𝐭
b= 30 mm
Therefore,the Section is NOT Safe. t= 5 mm
H= 200
Conclusion: b/t= H/√Fy=
6 mm
Change the section.
Therefore, the combination can fully
H/√Fy= develop compressive stress.
12.7 mm

, the combination can fully

ompressive stress.
 NAL MEMBERS FOR TOP CHORDS
AL COMPRESSIVE LOAD kl/r=( 1( 1.90 ) MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD kl/r=( 1( )
(1000))/ 8.83 = 139.735 (1000))/ =
Pact = 75001.015 N
Cc=√((2π^2
1.90 m Cc=√((2π^2
Length of most stress = 1.56 m E)/Fy)=
126.17
E)/Fy)= Coefficient (k) = 0.65
Use A36 Steel:
Since, 𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂 Fy = 248.0 MPa Since, 𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂𝐜
𝐜 E = 200000 MPa
FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc− FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc−
Angle Section: Use Double Equal Angle Section: (kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) =
(kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) = 1.912 MPa
Try: 2L50x50x5
Area = 480.0 mm²
Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/ Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/
(2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) = 50.154 MPa r= 15.11 mm (2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) =
ble angle section: Properties of double angle section:
Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa): A' = 2A = 960 mm² Solve for Allowable Stress (P
Pa=A′(Fa) Pa=A′(Fa)
L BUCKLING: CHECK FOR LOCAL BUCKLING:
fully develop Pa = 27885.47 N Combination can fully develop Pa =
s: compressive stress:
𝐏�>𝐏�𝐜𝐭 𝐏�𝐥𝐥>𝐏�𝐜𝐭
b/t≤H/√Fy
Therefore,the Section is NOT Safe. Therefore, the Section is Sa
b= 50 mm
Conclusion: t= 5 mm Conclusion:
Change the section. H= 200 Use,
H/√Fy= b/t= H/√Fy=
12.7 mm 10 mm 12.7 mm

mbination can fully Therefore, the combination can fully

ive stress. develop compressive stress.
 ANOTHER INVESTIGATION
kl/r=( 1(
1.56 ) FOR BOTTOM CHORDS kl/r=( 1( )
(1000))/ = 67.109 (1000))/ =
15.11 MAXIMUM ACTUAL COMPRESSIVE LOAD
Cc=√((2π^2 Cc=√((2π^2
E)/Fy)= Pact = 49155.272 N E)/Fy)=
126.17
Length of most stress = 1.50 m
Coefficient (k) = 0.65
𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂𝐜 Use A36 Steel: Since, 𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂𝐜
Fy = 248.0 MPa
FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc− FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc−
(kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) = E= 200000 MPa (kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) =
1.847 MPa
Use Double Equal Angle Section:
Try: 2L40x40x6 Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/
Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/
(2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) = 115.26 MPa Area = 448.0 mm² (2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) =
r= 11.87 mm
Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa): Properties of double angle section: Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa):
A' = 2A = 896 mm²
Pa=A′(Fa) Pa=A′(Fa)

110648.071 N CHECK FOR LOCAL BUCKLING: Pa =

𝐏�𝐥𝐥>𝐏�𝐜𝐭 Combination can fully develop compressive 𝐏�𝐥𝐥>𝐏�𝐜𝐭
stress:
Therefore, the Section is Safe. b/t≤H/√Fy Therefore, the Section is Safe.

Conclusion: b= 40 mm Conclusion:
2L50x50x5 for Top Chords. t= 6 mm Use,
H= 200
b/t= H/√Fy=
7 mm 12.7 mm

Therefore, the combination can fully

develop compressive stress.
 kl/r=( 1(1.50 )
(1000))/11.87
= 82.140
Cc=√((2π^2
E)/Fy)= 126.17

𝐤𝐥/𝐫<𝐂𝐜

FS=5/3+(3(kl⁄r))/8Cc−
(kl⁄r)^3/(8(Cc)^3 ) = 1.876 MPa

Fa=(1−(( 〖 kl⁄r) 〗 ^2)/

(2(Cc)^2 ))(Fy/FS) = 104.16 MPa

Solve for Allowable Stress (Pa):

Pa=A′(Fa)

93330.968 N
𝐏�𝐥𝐥>𝐏�𝐜𝐭

Therefore, the Section is Safe.

Conclusion:
2L40x40x6 for Bottom Chords.
 Weight(W) Area(A) Depth(d) Web Thickness(tw) Flange
Designation
kg/m mm2 mm m bf
C3X4.1 6.14 781 76.2 4.3 35.8
C3X5 7.46 948 76.2 6.6 38
C3X6 8.93 1135 76.2 9 40.5
C4X5.4 8.07 1,026 101.6 4.7 40.2
C4X5.4 10.81 1,307 101.6 8.2 43.7
C5X6.7 10 1,207 127 4.8 44.5
C5X9 13.4 1,703 127 8.3 47.9
C6X8.2 12.18 1,548 152.4 5.1 48.8
C6X10.5 15.68 1,994 152.4 8 51.7

W16x57 85.26 10,839 417.3 10.9 180.8

W16x50 74.6 9,484 413 9.7 179.6
W16x45 67.5 8,581 409.7 8.8 178.7
W16x40 59.88 7.613 406.7 7.7 177.7
W16x36 53.79 6.839 402.8 7.5 177.4
W 16x31 46.28 5,884 403.4 7 140.3
W16x26 38.98 4,955 398.5 6.4 139.7
W14x730 1,091.06 138,709 569.5 78 454.4
W14x665 994.64 126,451 549.7 71.9 448.3
W14x605 903.3 114,838 531.4 65.9 442.3
W14x550 822.11 104.516 514.1 60.5 436.9
W14x500 745.99 94.839 497.8 55.6 432.1
w 14x455 680.01 86451 483.1 51.2 427.6
W 14x426 634.34 80,645 474.2 47.6 424.1
W14x398 593.74 75,484 464.6 45 421.4
W14x370 553.14 70,322 455.2 42 418.5
W14x342 512.55 65,161 445.5 39.1 415.5
W14x311 463.83 58,968 434.8 35.8 412.2
W14x283 422.73 53,742 425.2 32.8 409.2
W14x257 383.65 48,774 416.1 29.8 406.3
W14x233 347.61 44,193 407.4 27.2 403.6
W14x211 314.63 40,000 399.3 24.9 401.3
W14x193 288.24 36,645 393.2 22.6 399
W14x176 262.87 33419 386.6 21.1 397.5
W14x159 236.99 30,129 380.5 18.9 395.4
W14x145 216.69 27,548 375.4 17.3 393.7
W14x132 196.9 25,032 372.4 16.4 374
W14x120 179.14 22,774 367.8 15 372.6
W14x109 162.39 20,645 363.7 13.3 371

PROPERTIES OF EQUAL ANGLE SECTIONS

Designation Weight Area Depth Width
2L20x20x3 L20x20x3 0.88 112 20 20
2L25x25x3 L25x25x3 1.12 142 25 25
2L30x30x3 L30x30x3 1.36 174 30 30
2L30x30x5 L30x30x5 2.18 278 30 30
2L30x30x6 L30x30x6 2.56 327 30 30
2L40x40x3 L40x40x3 1.84 235 40 40
2L40x40x5 L40x40x5 2.97 379 40 40
2L40x40x6 L40x40x6 3.52 448 40 40
2L50x50x3 L50x50x3 2.33 296 50 50
2L50x50x5 L50x50x5 3.77 480 50 50
2L50x50x6 L50x50x6 4.47 569 50 50
2L50x50x8 L50x50x8 5.82 741 50 50
2L50x50x10 L50x50x10 7.11 905 50 50
2L65x65x5 L65x65x5 4.97 634 65 65
2L65x65x6 L65x65x6 5.91 753 65 65
2L65x65x8 L65x65x8 7.73 985 65 65
2L65x65x10 L65x65x10 9.49 1,209 65 65
2L65x65x12 L65x65x12 11.18 1,425 65 65

0.88 112 20 20
1.12 142 25 25
1.36 174 30 30
2.18 278 30 30
2.56 327 30 30
1.84 235 40 40
2.97 379 40 40
3.52 448 40 40
2.33 296 50 50
3.77 480 50 50
4.47 569 50 50
5.82 741 50 50
7.11 905 50 50
4.97 634 65 65
5.91 753 65 65
7.73 985 65 65
9.49 1,209 65 65
11.18 1,425 65 65
Flange x Ix Sx rx Iy
tf mm x10^3 mm^4 x10^3 mm^3 mm x10^3 mm^4
6.9 11.07 691 18.14 29.74 83
6.9 11.13 770 20.21 28.5 104
6.9 11.56 862 22.62 27.56 125
7.5 11.61 1,602 31.54 39.51 133
7.5 11.66 1,911 37.62 37.29 179
8.1 12.29 3,118 49.1 49.53 200
8.1 12.14 3,704 58.33 46.64 262
8.7 12.98 5,453 71.56 59.35 287
8.7 12.67 6,327 83.03 56.33 362

18.2 47.24 315.503 1,512 170.61 17,940

16 46,74 274,297 1,328 170.06 15,484
14.4 46.48 243,912 1.191 168.6 13.652
12.8 46.23 215,608 1,060 168.29 12,029
10.9 45.47 186,472 926 165.12 10,198
11.2 35.31 156,087 774 16287 5.161
8.8 34.54 125,286 629 159.01 3.992
124.7 126.75 5,952,109.00 20,903 207.15 1,964,612.00
114.8 124.97 5,161,270 18,778 202.03 1,735,685
105.7 123.19 4,495,299 16,919 197.85 1,531,732
97 121.67 3,925,062 15,270 193.79 1,352,752
88.9 120.14 3,417,260 13,729 189.82 1,198.75
81.5 118.87 2,992,704 12390 186.06 1,065.55
77.1 117.86 2,747,127 11,586 184.57 982,306
72.3 117.09 2,497,389 10751 181.89 903,222
67.6 116.08 2,264,299 9,949 179.44 828,301
62.7 115.32 2,039,534 9,156 176.92 753,379
57.4 114.3 1,802,282 8,290 174.82 670,133
52.6 113.28 1,598,329 7,518 172.46 599,373
48 112.52 1,415,187 6,802 170.34 536.939
43.7 111.76 1,252,857 6,151 168.37 478,666
39.6 111 1,107,176 5546 166.37 428,718
36.6 110.49 998,955 5081 165.11 387,511
33.3 109.73 890,735 4,608 163.26 348,802
30.2 109.22 790,840 4,157 162.01 311,341
27.7 108.71 711,756 3,792 160.74 281,789
26.2 102.87 636,834 3.42 159.5 228,095
23.9 102.62 514,399 3,123 158.81 206,035
 21.8 102.11 516,127 2,838 158.11 186,055

ONS Axis -X
Thickness Radius lx Sx rx
3 1.75 3.5 3.92 0.28 5.9
3 1.75 3.5 8.03 0.45 7.51
3 2.6 5 14.05 0.65 8.99
5 2.5 5 21.64 1.04 8.83
6 2.5 5 24.94 1.22 8.74
3 3 6 34.46 1.18 12.11
5 3 6 54.27 1.91 11.97
6 3 6 63.14 2.26 11.87
3 3.5 7 66.61 1.86 15.22
5 3.5 7 109.64 3.05 15.11
6 3.5 7 128.41 3.61 15.02
8 3.5 7 162.83 4.68 14.82
10 3.5 7 193.6 5.69 14.62
5 4.5 9 247.44 5.22 19.11
6 4.5 9 291.87 6.21 19.31
8 4.5 9 374.89 8.13 19.51
10 4.5 9 450.83 9.94 19.69
12 4.5 9 520.45 11.67 19.76

3 1.75 3.5 3.92 0.28 5.9

3 1.75 3.5 8.03 0.45 7.51
3 2.6 5 14.05 0.65 8.99
5 2.5 5 21.64 1.04 8.83
6 2.5 5 24.94 1.22 8.74
3 3 6 34.46 1.18 12.11
5 3 6 54.27 1.91 11.97
6 3 6 63.14 2.26 11.87
3 3.5 7 66.61 1.86 15.22
5 3.5 7 109.64 3.05 15.11
6 3.5 7 128.41 3.61 15.02
8 3.5 7 162.83 4.68 14.82
10 3.5 7 193.6 5.69 14.62
5 4.5 9 247.44 5.22 19.11
6 4.5 9 291.87 6.21 19.31
8 4.5 9 374.89 8.13 19.51
10 4.5 9 450.83 9.94 19.69
12 4.5 9 520.45 11.67 19.76
 Sy ry
x10^3 mm^3 mm
3.36 10.31
3.87 10.47
4.32 10.49
4.65 11.39
5.59 11.41
6.21 12.54
7.33 12.4
8.01 13.62
9.27 13.47

198 40.68
172 40.41
153 39.89
135 39.75
115 38.62
74 29.62
57 28.38
8,647 119.01
7,743 117.16
6,926 115.49
6,193 113.77
5,548 112.43
4,984 111.02
4,632 110.37
4,287 109.39
3,958 108.53
3,626 107.53
3,251 106.6
2,929 105.61
2,643 104.92
2,372 104.07
2,137 103.53
1,942 102.83
1,755 102.16
1,575 101.65
1,431 101.14
1,220 95.46
1,106 95.12
1.003 94.93

Axis -Y
y ly Sy ry x
5.98 392 0.28 5.9 5.98
7.23 8.03 0.45 7.51 7.23
8.35 14.05 0.65 8.99 8.35
9.18 21.64 1.04 8.83 9.18
9.56 24.94 1.22 8.74 9.56
10.73 34.46 1.18 12.11 10.73
11.62 54.27 1.91 11.97 11.62
12.02 63.14 2.26 11.87 12.02
13.08 68.61 1.86 15.22 13.08
14.04 109.64 3 15.11 14.04
14.45 128.41 3.61 15.02 14.45
15.24 162.83 4.68 14.82 15.24
15.98 193.6 5.69 14.62 15.98
17.58 247.44 5.22 19.76 17.58
18.04 291.87 6.21 19.69 18:04
18.88 374.89 8.13 19.51 18.88
19.66 450.83 9.94 19.31 19.66
20.41 520.45 11.67 19.11 20.41

5.98 392 0.28 5.9 5.98

7.23 8.03 0.45 7.51 7.23
8.35 14.05 0.65 8.99 8.35
9.18 21.64 1.04 8.83 9.18
9.56 24.94 1.22 8.74 9.56
10.73 34.46 1.18 12.11 10.73
11.62 54.27 1.91 11.97 11.62
12.02 63.14 2.26 11.87 12.02
13.08 68.61 1.86 15.22 13.08
14.04 109.64 3 15.11 14.04
14.45 128.41 3.61 15.02 14.45
15.24 162.83 4.68 14.82 15.24
15.98 193.6 5.69 14.62 15.98
17.58 247.44 5.22 19.76 17.58
18.04 291.87 6.21 19.69 18:04
18.88 374.89 8.13 19.51 18.88
19.66 450.83 9.94 19.31 19.66
20.41 520.45 11.67 19.11 20.41