Dr.

Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

Method Of Separation

(A) Methods of Separation

Threshing

Winnowing

Sifting/Sieving
Solid Solid
Hand Picking
Separation
Sublimation

Magnetic separation

Fractional crystallization

Sedimentation

Decantation
Insoluble solid
from liquid Coagulation or loading
Separation
Filtration

Centrifugation

Soluble solid Evaporation

from liquid
Distillation
Separation

Separation of Separating funnel

liquid from
Fractional Distillation
Liquid
Separation

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

(1) Solid Solid Separation:

Following are the method of separation for Solid-Solid Separation

a. Threshing: Is the method to separate the grain from ears. Act of removing
grain or seeds from hulls or husks

b. Winnowing: Is the method to separate lighter part from heavier part of

mixture

c. Sifting/Sieving: Method of separating mixture based on size of particles.

d. Hand Picking: Method of separating mixture based on size of particles.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

e. Sublimation: Method of separating sublimative substance.

Sublimation is the process where solid gets converted into gas after heating.

f. Magnetic separation: Method Used to separate particles out based on

magnetic properties

g. Fractional crystallization Separation of two soluble solid. In this both the

solid is dissolved in a particular liquid(Solvent).After cooling, hot saturated
solution ,crystals of less soluble substance is first formed. Using filtration
method they are separated from solution.
e.g. Common salt and potassium nitrate

(2) Insoluble solid from liquid

a. Sedimentation: Method of separation heavy insoluble solid from liquid. We

allow the mixture to settle down for some time. Settling of heavy particles at
bottom is called sedimentation.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

b.Decantation: The method of removing upper clear liquid without disturbing

settled solid is called decantation.

b. Coagulation or loading : Method of removing heavy suspended particle by

adding alum or coagulating agent. Example: Alum

c. Filtration: Method of separating insoluble solid from liquid by using filter like
filter paper ,cloth ,cotton ,sand Bed

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha
habha Competition Test Series

d. Centrifugation: Remove
Removes fine insoluble suspended
spended particles from solution by
applying centrifugal force.
e.g. Butter from curd ,washing machine squeeze wa
water

(3) Soluble solid from liquid

a.Evaporation: is used to remove liquids from solutes which cannot be done

through filtration due
ue to the small size of the substances.

b. Distillation: 1. The evaporation and subsequent collection of a liquid by

condensation as a means of purification: the distillation of water.
water.2. The extraction of the
volatile components of a mixture by the condensation and collection of the vapors that
are produced as the mixtureture is heated: petroleum distillation also called as fractional
distillation.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

(4) Solid from Gas

Cyclone separation : the cyclone technology forces air to spin round at very high
speed, creating centrifugal force and causing the dust particles to be pulled out into the
bin.

(5) Separation of liquid –liquid mixture

a. Separating funnel : For Immiscible Liquid
A separating funnel is a glass funnel with a tap at the bottom. A separating funnel
is a separation technique that is used for two liquids that do not dissolve in each
other. Liquids that do not dissolve in each other are called immiscible.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

b. Fractional Distillation
Liquids that dissolve in each other can be separated by fractional distillation.
Liquid that dissolve each other are called as Miscible liquid

Principle is based on difference in boiling point

The solution is heated until it boils. The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and
becomes a vapour (gas). The vapour is cooled in the condenser until the temperature
falls below the boiling point when it condenses back into a liquid which is collected in a
container. The collected liquid is called the distillate. It has been distilled. The condenser
has cold water running through a jacket around the outside to keep the temperature
below the boiling point of the vapour.

After the liquid with the lowest boiling point has been collected, the temperature of the
remaining mixture will rise to a new temperature when the liquid with the next lowest
boiling point will boil and be collected. The process can be continued to separate all the
liquids in the mixture.

Fractional distillation is used to separate the components of crude oil and to separate
nitrogen and oxygen from liquid air.

(6) Chromatography:
Separation of different dissolved constituent of a mixture present in a very minute
quantity.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha Competition Test Series

Important Definition:

Settling: Settling is the process by which particulates settle to the bottom of a

liquid and form a sediment. It happens due to force which could be due to
Gravitational force or centrifugal force.
E.g. Removal of solids from liquid sewage waste, settling of solid food particles
from a liquid food

Filtrate: The liquid or solution that has passed through a filter.

Residue: The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or

any similar process.

Sublimating substance: Ammonium chloride , Sal ammoniac, Camphor,

Naphthalene, Iodine

Identify chemical instrument

1. Iron gauze: Wire gauze can be used to support a container (such as a beaker or
flask) during heating. When the bunsen burner flame is beneath it, with a tripod, the
wire gauze helps to spread the flame (and heat) out evenly over the container.

Strictly for Private Circulation

www.homibhabhacompetition.com
 Dr. Homi Bhabha
habha Competition Test Series

2. Tripod: Used to support and hold various flasks, beakers and other glass ware.
ware

3. Round bottom flask:

4. Condenser: One that condenses, especially an apparatus used to condense vapor to

liquid

Write notes on following topics

Define
Vaporization
Freezing
Condensation
Melting Point
Boiling point
Evaporation
Fractional Distillation  Principle is difference in boiling point
Crude Oil  Low Boiling Point  Petrol
Higher Boiling Point  Diesel
Strictly for Private Circulation
www.homibhabhacompetition.com