IP 287/08 (2014)

Determination of rust prevention characteristics of water mix

metal working fluids — Cast iron drillings/filter paper method

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1 Scope be used only for comparison purposes.

This standard specifies a method to evaluate the 4 Reagents and materials

potential for machines and components rusting
during manufacturing operations where dilutions of 4.1 Cast iron drillings, prepared from the same
water mix metal working fluids are used. The grey cast iron as the test plates used in IP 125 (see
method can also be used to arrange fluids in order Annex A).
of expected performance, but is not meant to
specify the safe working dilution. 4.2 Synthetic hard water (200 mg/I as calcium
carbonate), prepared by dissolving 0,3449 g/I of
2 Normative references calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4.2H20) in distilled
water. Check the hardness after preparation, in
The following standards contain provisions which, accordance with annex X of IP263, to ensure it is
through reference in this text, constitute provisions between 190 mg/I and 210 mg/I.
of this standard. At the time of publication, the
editions indicated were valid. All standards are 4.3 Acetone, reagent grade.
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this standard are encouraged to investigate the 5 Apparatus
possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the standards indicated below. 5.1 Petri dishes, with lids, approximately 90 mm
internal diameter.
IP 125/02, Determination of cast iron corrosion
characteristics of petroleum products. 5.2 Pipette, class B, calibrated to deliver 2 ml.

IP 263/70, (1994) Determination of stability of 5.3 Filter papers (qualitative), with a retention
water mix metal working fluids. porosity of approximately 3 :m and a diameter of
90 mm.
BS 410 :1986 Specification for test sieves.
NOTE 2 - Whatman grade 6 has been found to be
suitable.
3 Principle
5.4 Stoppered measuring cylinders, class B,
Cast iron drillings are placed on filter paper and
100 ml.
wetted with dilutions of water mix metal working
fluid made up in synthetic hard water (see note 1).
5.5 Hypodermic syringes, without the needles
The area of stained paper is assessed after 2 h. The
fitted and capable of delivering approximately 1 ml
procedure is repeated at various dilutions, and the
to 10 ml.
point determined at which there is a significant
increase in area stained. This is known as the
5.6 Sieve, 850pm (18 mesh) conforming to
break-point. The result is expressed as a percentage
BS 410.
by volume of the dilution at the break-point.
5.7 Former, a flat sheet to enclose a square of
NOTE 1 - This method may be used to evaluate the
potential for rusting in a particular operation by using an 35 mm ± 2 mm side.
existing water supply, although the results obtained may

287.1

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 RUST PREVENTION CHARACTERISTICS, IP 287

5.8 Spatula. single layer. Remove the former.

5.9 Desiccator, containing freshly dried silica gel 7.7 Pipette 2 ml of the dilution onto the drillings
desiccant. so that they are thoroughly wetted, and cover the
dish with the lid. Maintain at a temperature of 20
6 Preparation of dilution °C ± 3 °C.

Prepare 80 ml to 100 ml of 1,0% (V/V), 1,5% 7.8 After 2 h remove the filter paper from the
(V/V), 2,0% (V/V), 2,5% (V/V), 3,0% (V/V), 4,0% dish, wash with tap water, and leave to dry.
(V/V), 5,0% (V/V), 7,5% (V/V) and 10% (V/V)
dilutions by adding appropriate amounts of the 7.9 Examine the filter papers to determine the
water mix metal working fluid directly to synthetic percentage area of staining on each paper, ignoring
hard water (4.2) (see note 1) in a measuring cylinder any slight background staining of the test area
(5.4) by means of a hypodermic syringe (5.5). If the which can occur due to the nature of the oil or
test is to be carried out using water other than that emulsifier present.
specified in 4.2, prepare all dilutions using water
drawn at one time. Squirt the fluid rapidly into the NOTE 4 - A ratings chart is given in annex B as a guide.
cylinder during addition. Stopper the cylinder
immediately and shake vigorously till dispersion is 8 Expression of results
complete.
8.1 From the examination of the series of filter
NOTE 3 - This normally takes 10 s to 15 s. papers assess the dilution at which the area stained
significantly increases. Report the dilution as a
Prepare a separate quantity of each dilution. Do not percentage by volume as the break-point.
use stock dilutions that have been subsequently
diluted. 8.2 If synthetic hard water (4.2) has not been
used to carry out the test, report the type of water
7 Procedure used (see note1).

7.1 Carry out the test in a room free from 9 Precision

corrosive fumes and away from direct sunlight.
The precision of the method, as obtained by
7.2 Carry out the procedure given in 7.3 to 7.9 statistical examination of interlaboratory test results
using each dilution specified in clause 6. is as given in 9.1 and 9.2.

7.3 Sieve the drillings on a sieve (5.6), rejecting 9.1 Repeatability, r

the fines and any drillings showing signs of rust.
The difference between two test results, obtained
7.4 Wash the drillings in acetone (4.3) and allow by the same operator with the same apparatus
to dry in a fume hood; the drillings are dry when under constant operating conditions on identical test
they are free flowing. Do not allow skin contact material would, in the long run, in the normal and
with the drillings. Either use immediately or store in correct operation of the test method, exceed the
a desiccator (5.9) for up to 8 h before use. Re- following value only in one case in twenty.
examine the drillings for any sign of rust. If any rust
spot is found, discard the whole Batch. r = one dilution step

After 8 h discard any unused drillings. 9.2 Reproducibility, R

7.5 Outline a 35 mm square in pencil in the The difference between two single and independent
centre of a filter paper (5.3) using the former, as an results obtained by different operators working in
aid to viewing the test area. different laboratories on nominally identical test
material would, in the long run, exceed the following
7.6 Place the filter paper in the bottom of a petri value only in one case in twenty.
dish (5.1), and with the aid of a spatula and the
former (5.7)completely cover the test area with R = two dilution steps
approximately 2 g of drillings evenly spread in a

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 RUST PREVENTION CHARACTERISTICS, IP 287

10 Test report

The test report shall contain at least the following

information:

a) a reference to this standard;

b) the type and identification of the product

tested;

c) the result of the test (see clause 8);

d) any deviation by agreement or otherwise

from the procedure specified;

e) the date of the test.

287.3

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IMPORTANT: This document is subject to a licence agreement issued by the Energy Institute, London, UK. It may only be used in accordance with the licence terms and conditions. It must not be forwarded to, or stored, or accessed by, any unauthorised user. Enquiries: e:pubs@energyinst.org t:
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 RUST PREVENTION CHARACTERISTICS, IP 287

Annex A
(normative)

Cast iron drillings

The supplier of the cast iron drillings that have the essential that they are not touched by hand during
chemical composition, metallurgy, and dimensions any stage of manufacture. They are made by using
of these used to develop this test method is: a clean, oil free twist drill of 10,8 mm diameter,
55° angle, with a rotational speed of 450 r/min to
Pera Technology 550 r/min at a feed rate of 0,1 mm/r.
Pera Innovation Park
Melton Mowbray Hand feeding is not permissible. The drillings are
Leicestershire sieved on 3,35 mm and 850 :m mesh sieves and
LE13 OPB those retained on the 850 :m mesh sieve
immediately stored in air-tight bottles. Each drilling
Telephone number + +44 (0) 1 664 501 501 is given a batch number and date of filling, the
Fax number + +44 (0) 1 664 501 423 contents of which are to be used only within one
e-mail env.group@pera.com year from that date, providing the container is kept
adequately sealed. The use of alternative drillings
The drillings are prepared from the same grey cast from other suppliers is likely to give different results
iron as the test plates used in IP 125/02 and it is and will therefore invalidate the test.

287.4

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IMPORTANT: This document is subject to a licence agreement issued by the Energy Institute, London, UK. It may only be used in accordance with the licence terms and conditions. It must not be forwarded to, or stored, or accessed by, any unauthorised user. Enquiries: e:pubs@energyinst.org t:
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 RUST PREVENTION CHARACTERISTICS, IP 287

Annex B
(informative)

Guide to rating results

Figure B.1 shows examples of stained filter papers, indicating the percentage area stained and the break-
point.

% Area stained

50 %

20 %

5%

Break-point

<1 %

Figure B.1 - Examples of stained filter papers

287.5

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IMPORTANT: This document is subject to a licence agreement issued by the Energy Institute, London, UK. It may only be used in accordance with the licence terms and conditions. It must not be forwarded to, or stored, or accessed by, any unauthorised user. Enquiries: e:pubs@energyinst.org t:
+44 (0)207 467 7100