c





  

 
Factory workers were forbidden by law to form labor unions to raise wages
Children were used as laborers in factories
Jacksonian democracy brought the rights of the laboring man to vote
President Van Buren established the ten-hour work day in 1840.
Commonwealth vs. Hunt Supreme Court ruling said that labor unions were not
illegal conspiracies, provided that their methods were honorable and peaceful.

   

Farm women and girls had an important place in the pre-industrial economy,
spinning yarn, weaving cloth, and making candles, soap, butter, and cheese.
Women were forbidden to form unions
Catharine Beecher- urged women to enter the teaching profession
The vast majority of working women were single

Labor was cheap for many companies because of their labor force. Many children
and women worked long hours in factories because it was an easy task. Although
it was backbreaking work, it didn¶t require a specific skill.

   
  
 

Liquor and hogs became the early western farmer's staple market items.
John Deere- produced a steel plow in 1837 which broke through the thick soil of
the West.

   

Lancaster Turnpike- hard-surfaced highway that ran from Philadelphia to
Lancaster; drivers had to pay a toll to use it.
The federal government began to construct the National Road in 1811
Robert Fulton- installed a steam engine and created the first steamboat.


     !"

Governor DeWitt Clinton- governor of New York who lead the building of the
Erie Canal that connected the Great Lakes with the Hudson River in 1825

#$  
Contributed to the development of the railroad
Railroads were at first opposed because of safety flaws and they took away money
from the Erie Canal investors.
As the US got bigger it got harder to communicate and transport within. People
started having all sorts of weird ideas to improve transportations. Roads started
being built and railroads developed.


 
 % &  

Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of written messages without physical
transport of letters
In mid 1800¶s, northeners began to produce new crafts called clipper ships. These
ships sacrificed cargo room for speed and were able to transport small amounts of
goods in short amounts of time. These ships faded away after steam boats were
made better and able to carry more goods and, hence, become more profitable.
The Pony Express was established in 1860 to carry mail from St. Joseph, Missouri
to Sacramento, California. The mail service collapsed after 18 months due to lack
of profit.

## 
  '  
The desire of the East to move west stimulated the "transportation revolution."
The South raised cotton for export to New England and Britain.
The West grew grain and livestock to feed factory workers in the East and in
Europe.
The East made machines and textiles for the South and the West.
All of these products were transported using the railroad; the railroad linked
America.

People had problems communicating within the US. People develepped early
methods of communication that set the foundations to today¶s communication.
Shipping from Missouri to California was made possible as well as instantaneous
communication through power lines.