PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

DOORS
Introduction.

Door is framework of wood,steel,aluminium,glass or combination of those materials secured in an opening left in a

wall for purpose of daylight,ventilation security and vision.

FUCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF DOORS

 MEANS OF ACCESS: The door opening should be sufficiently wide and high for reasonably comfortable access
 STRENGTH AND STABILITY;Doors should have adequate strength to support its own weight and suffer knocks
and minor abuses in services as well as adequate shape.
 DURABILTY: A door should be manufactured by material that lasting longer.
 OPERATION: A door should be easy to open, fasten or unfasten and should stay closed when shut.
 WEATHER PROTECTION; the door should serve to exclude wind and rain depending on the anticipated
conditions of exposure
 SOUND INSULATION; A door shouldn’t transmit any kind of noise fromone room to another.
 PRIVACY:Doors should serve to maintain privacy inside rooms to the same extent as the inclosing or partition
walls.
 FIRE RESISTANCE;Structural fire protection,doors should resist fire from spreading from one structure to
another. Means of escapeshould have adequate width to allow people to pass easily in case of fire break.
 APPEARANCE:It should look good while it is positioned in the wall.
 SECURITY; an external door should be able to resist forced entry.

TERMS USED IN DOORS

 DOOR FRAME: Made up of two vertical members which are supported by cross pieces at the top and
bottom of the door?
 SHUTTER S:Are generally made up of timber framework inset of glass timber and plywood.
 STYLE: The vertical member in both sides of the shutter.
 TOP RAIL: The horizontal member in top of the shutter
 BOTTOM RAIL: The horizontal member in bottom of the shutter
 LOCK RAIL: The horizontal member in the shutter in between the top and bottom rail of the shutter
 PANEL: Portion inside the shutter

CLASSIFICATION OF DOORS

According to method of construction

 Unframed doors;these are composed of vertical tongue and groove jointed boards held firm by ledges and
braces.Example,ledged door.
,
 Framed doors: These have stiles top middle bottom rails filled by tongue and groove boards and braces or
filled by hardwood or glass panels.

 Flush doors; These are made up of core of solid materials covered with plywood or veneer
 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

Unframed door(frameless doors) framed door Flush doors

According to material used.

1) Timber doors;these are made up of timber.

2) Metal doors;these are made up of metal like steel,aluminium

3) Glass doors

According to function

1) Fire proof;prevent spread of fire in case of fire break.

2) Sound proof doors;resist the sound transmission from one part another.

According to method of opening REFERENCE PG.100 BARLEY VOL 2

1) Sidehung; these can be double leaves of single leaf used for general purpose.

2) Collapsibledoor; these are used in show room and warehouses

3) Sliding door used for large main gates e.g. industrial gates

4) Flexible/swing doors; suitable for places require enough passage e.g. hospitals and garages.

Note: swing doors can be single or double swing

5) Revolving doors; suitable for busy entrance i.e. public houses

6) Foldingdoors, suitable for warehouse, social hall.

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

TIMBER DOORS

Timber doors may be classified into one of the following groups

-Panelled doors

These doors are framed with stiles and rail around a panel of wood or plywood. The stiles and rail have to be joined
to resist the tendency of the door to sink on stiles as the door is hinged on one side. Panelled doors are usually
described by number of panels that they contain and these vary from one panel to six.

There are joints that are used in panelled which include the following:

1) Mortise and tenon joints that are used to frame the rail and the style at right angles

2) Dowelled joints that are used between the stiles and rails.

3) The tongue and groove joint: Is joint used for panel to the stile and the rails

-Glazed doors

These are doors with one or more glazed panel of glass used to some daylight to spaces such as halls have no
windows and to internal door, to an otherwise unlit space. French casement door are the most common traditional

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

type of a timber glazed door. The door is made of vertical and horizontal glazing bar as part of framing

-Fire checks doors

These are doors that provides an effective barrier to the passage of fire for the time designated by their type.
To receive this resistance the door must be used in conjunction with the and by placing beneath the plywood
facing a suitable protective lining material

-Flush doors

These are doors with a hard board, plywood or plastic laminate togive aplain face that iseasy toclean anddecorate.
The core used in particular flush doors used to differentiate them.

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

-Match boarded doors

These are doors with a facing of tongued and grooved and V jointed board that are nailed to horizontal ledge ,
braces between ledges or to frames

Types of matches board doors

1. Ledged match board doors

2. Ledged and braced match boarded doors

3. Framed,
ledged and
braced
matchboard
doors (refer
to the figure
3, below)

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

WINDOWS
Introduction....

Window is an opening formed on wall or roof to admit daylight through translucent or transparent material placed
on window.This primary function of the window is efficient to admit light for the adequate performance of daytime
activities and excluding rain and wind but poor barrier to transfer heat, sound and spread of fire.

VENTILATION

Window are designed to allow the exchange of air inside and outside of the room but this function can also be done
by roof or walls where an opening made in it that separate from window or linked to them to perform separate
function of ventilation,this is not necessary function for the window.

VIEWING

It provides the occupant of the building with the outside view,

FUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS OF WINDOWS

The requirements of window are similar to those of wall as follows:

 Strength and Stability;it should be strong enough to resist weather condition such as wind and rain .by this
quality then it is said to be stable
 Resistance to weather; weather: window should be designed so that it resists any weather condition that
might affect it.
 Durability and freedom of maintenance;window should be durable so that to avoid frequently repair to
which sometimes becomes unnecessary if designed well
 Fire safety
 Resistance to passage of heat, sound
 Security

CLASSIFICATION OF THE WINDOWS

Windows may be classified in three different ways or acombination ofthem and these include:

-Method of opening includes side hung, tophung; bottom hung or tilts and turns

-The material from which they are made, which includes steel aluminium, timber or PVC-U

-Size of windows.

CLASSIFICATION BYTHE METHOD OF OPENING.

 Hinged windows

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

These include; Side hung, Top hung and bottom hung.

Diagrammatically...

 Pivoted windows.

These include; horizontally pivoted, vertically pivoted and louvers.

Diagrammatically....

 Sliding windows.

These include vertically sliding and horizontally sliding windows.

Diagrammatically...

 Composite action windows.

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

These include; side hung projected, top hung projected bottom hung projected and sliding folding.

Diagrammatically...

CLASSIFICATION by MATERIALS USED.

Windows can be classified based on the type of material from which they are made from; these include timber,
steel, aluminium or PVC-U.

 Wood casement windows

Here two basic features are involved

 Solid timber frame is fixed to the edge of the opening.

 Glazed casement, received by solid timber frame, it may be side, top or bottom hung design.

In addition...

The window frame can be subdivided into vertical divisions known as MULLIONS, and horizontal divisions known as
TRANSOMS. The casement may be further subdivided into smaller areas by glazing bars.

Diagrammatically...

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 PRESENTATION NOTES [ DOORS AND WINDOWS] November 30, 2012

Steel casement windows

These windows are fabricated from hot rolled steel section, mitred and welded at the corner while
subdividedbars arenot tenon riveted to the frame and each other. The windows are hot dipped,
galvanized to resist corrosion.
Steel windows are fixed to brick walls with metal hugs. This windows cause less obstruction than
wood windows and they are not subjected to warping, rot or insects attack.

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