Tardiness Body

Republic of the Philippines
APAYAO STATE COLLEGE

Conner, Apayao 3807 Philippines
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
Tardiness is the quality of being late. When people don’t show up on time, they’re
guilty of tardiness. When you’re late for something, you’re tardy. So tardiness refers to
the habit of being late. Also, tardiness comes from the Latin word “tardus” which means
slow, sluggish, dull or stupid.
Nowadays, there are a lot of students who are always late in class not only lose
valuable instruction for themselves, but also disturb class and disrupt other student’s
concentration. This tardiness causes the students to feel disconnected with school. When
student are tardy, they negatively impact their teachers and other students. Sometimes,
other students can also influence students to be tardy. Teachers also influence students to
be tardy for some teachers show and make the students feel that being late is normal to
them.
Tardiness can be observed here in ASC, many students come late for their first
period. Sometimes, they don’t even come to school anymore because of their tardiness.
Tardiness can be quite annoying to the ones waiting to the tardy person. We find this as
something that shouldn’t be tolerated. We, the researchers want to find out the cause of
the student’s tardiness and what are the possible effects it can give to the school.
1
These educational problem among the students urge the researchers to conduct a
study to help minimize the tardiness of the student and help discipline the student’s
actions.
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identify the tardiness of Grade 12 students at Apayao State
College, S.Y. 2019-2020.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of:
1.1 Sex
1.2 Age
1.3 Track
2. What are the causes of tardiness among Grade 12 students?
3. What are the effects of tardiness among grade 12 students?
4. What are the possible ways to minimize tardiness among students?
2
Conceptual Framework
In order to decrease tardiness among Grade 12 students and attain effective
teaching, it is very essential for us to know and manage the causes of tardiness of
students. No matter how much potential the student has if he is unable to attend classes
on time, then, little learning takes place. Hence, reducing the occurrence of tardiness
becomes an integral part of classroom management. As a process, it is observed that
tardiness in the public schools can be a major educational problem. Instances of this kind
can be traced by the lack of inner control of many students, that many teachers lack
systematic methods for dealing with discipline problems, and many school administrators
do not provide adequate support for teachers. As teachers, therefore, their personality,
philosophy and teaching style directly affect/contribute to their effectiveness in managing
student tardiness.
This study has its Conceptual Framework of reference by the use of Input-
Process-Output Model. These depict the relationship of variables in trying to relate their
importance to one another. The Input gives what the researchers intend to measure in this
study. These are the profile of respondents, causes and effect of tardiness, and ways to
solve tardiness. The process provides the mechanism that attempts to show how the input
variables are done. This is through the conduct of questionnaire and interview of the
targeted respondents. The output serves as a yardstick to determine the favorable results
of the study. This is manifested on improved attendance of students.
3
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Profile of the
respondents
Awareness of
Causes and Interviews, tardiness to all
Effect of Survey through Grade 12-
tardiness Questionnaire Students
Ways to solve
tardiness.
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study covers only the causes, effect and ways to lessen the tardiness of the
SHS students of Apayao State College, S.Y. 2019-2020 First Semester. The study will
not be covering other problems and questions that is not related to the student’s tardiness.
Significance of the Study
This study will benefit to the following:
ASC Administration. To add more knowledge on what is the cause of the
students tardiness and find a way to lessen it.
4
Students. The results will prove beneficial to the students because it will show
them that nothing good comes from being tardy. It will also help them minimize their
tardiness.
Teachers. The given data will guide the teachers on what to do with the students
who are always late. The teachers will be able to understand the reasons on why the
students are late.
Parents. Like teachers the parents too will understand why their children are
coming late to class through the given data. The given data would help them formulate
some preventive measures to help their children from coming late. It will also help them
understand the behavior of their children.
Future Researchers. This study is also beneficial to the future researchers for the
study can raise awareness and can give them additional knowledge about the effects of
tardiness to their lives and make them understand more about the value of punctuality.
5
CHAPTER II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Terms of Tardiness
As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), lateness can be defined as the
situation where an individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual time. It is
tantamount to “tardiness” which is defined to be being slow to act or respond. With the
meaning of lateness or tardiness now in our grasp, the cause of this delinquency should
be determined.
Dafiaghor (2011), said that literally the term lateness implies a situation where an
individual arrives after the proper, scheduled or usual time puts it as a term used to
describe people not showing up on time. It is obvious therefore that lateness could be
seen as a system of network breakdown a situation of not meeting up with program a
function of time is the criteria and determinant of lateness.
According to Bhamani, Ladhani and Malik (2013), the phenomenon of school
tardiness in the literature has been viewed as students coming late, not reaching school on
time, missing out initial time from the first period and primarily not being present in the
time set by the school. Educational psychologists took a great interest to find the causes
of and solutions to, tardiness and subsequently worked a lot to get the most accurate
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findings. They were more focused about discovering the root causes behind tardiness so
that this problem is addressed appropriately. There are many reasons for the students to
show tardiness in the school, few reasons are directly related to the student that is
students are not taking their breakfast on time, students are de-motivated to come to the
school and the young ones who find it extremely difficult to get up early in the morning.
Causes of Tardiness
Chukwudi (2015) children commonly miss their school or coming lately because
of their usual habits, such as waking up late due to laziness: rushing of undone
assignment, unprepared bath, breakfast or meals, clothes, their pack lunch etc. and
waiting for companions or friends coming to school the bus is late; and sometimes
because of some problems in their parent that affects them and interest in coming to
school seeing their with misunderstandings. A financial support is another too. Kids like
having many delightful possessions.
Tsao (2015) claims a controversial issue on the influence of beginning classes
later or earlier has sprung up recently. Some people consider that students should arrive
at school at 7:30 a.m. Others consider that school should begin classes one or two hours
later every morning. Schools should start classes one or two hours later every morning. If
students are required to come to school very early, but their brain does not function well,
it is actually harmful to them.
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Effects of Tardiness
On the word of Romualdez (2017), the feeling of being late for school will make
most kids nervous. Having to walk into a class full of your classmates staring at you
while you give an explanation to your teacher probably isn't anyone's idea of a good time.
However, the best excuses for being late can save you from embarrassment, especially if
the reason you give is something that was out of your control. Like, Car Broke Down,
Not Feeling Well, Forgot Something and Traffic.
As stated by Norman (2008), tardiness affects not only in child’s attendance
record and ability to learn, but it also impacts the school environment and relationship to
an individual. Being late to school can lead to legal problems for the parents and to the
child, and it also interrupts other students’ learning. Tardiness also adds up to absences in
many schools. For example, at Brier Elementary School in Brier, Wash., three tardiness
equal one absence. Preparing the night before and allowing a little extra time in the
morning can prevent most tardiness. The students must have legal reason when they are
late. Because it affects the child’s learning and also distract other classmate learning.
Being tardy can also affect their future career. It will become their hobby or parts their
lifestyle.
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Ways to Solve Tardiness
Reynolds (2017), thought that showing up on time to high school each day
benefits students' academic performance and future professional habits. Students who
arrive at school early have an advantage over classmates who stumble through the door
after class has begun. Consistent unexcused tardiness can mean short-term penalties and
lifelong consequences. High school students are well-advised to learn not just the
advantages of showing up early but also the pitfalls of showing up late. Arriving late to
school on a consistent basis can have longer-term academic effects. If showing up late to
school becomes a habit, students may develop the notion that tardiness is acceptable
behavior. This belief can negatively impact their future work ethic and employment
opportunities. Alternatively, showing up on time to school every day can help students
develop of the habit of being punctual with important commitments. This habit can serve
high school students well through college and into their future careers.
Related Studies
Causes of Tardiness
Zeiger (2007), said that schools stress the need of the schools to get to school and
class on time and with good reason. Studies conducted by the U.S. Department of
Education on truancy which is connected with tardiness show that school attendance is a
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major factor when it comes to school success and student’s behavior. The most crucial
learning hours of a school day are the morning hours, because they are when the students
are most attentive. Students who are tardy miss the beginning of their morning classes
and they also cause a distraction when they arrive late to class. Students who are
frequently tardy to school are also more apt to be fired from showing up late. When
students are tardy, they are negatively impact their teachers and students. Teachers are
often required to allow tardy students to make up work which often required material.
Tardiness takes other students attention away from a teacher’s lesson leading to more
behavior problems and missed instruction.
Alio(2003) highlighted social status and educational level of parent as factors that
may influence school attendance and late coming. The study further pointed out that,
geographical location of school, student’s attitude toward s the first subject of the day and
inadequate supervision of students’ activities by teachers and parents and poor teaching
methods among others may also affect lateness on the part of students.
Effects of Tardiness
Rodgers (2011), found that attendance has a small but statically significant effect
on performance in a sample of 167 introductory statistics course. They study the
determinants of levels of attendance at lectures and classes and the relationship with
exam performance in a sample 386 first year economics students, finding that hours
worked and travel time are the main determinants of class attendance, and that the Late in
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turn has a positive and diminishing marginal effect on grade. Among studies who reach
less robust conclusions about the positive effect of attendance on performance.
For their study of the relationship between selected risk factors and problems
behaviors, Najaka, Gottfredson, and Wilson (2001) reviewed existing research and chose
87 existing studies which were reviewed, combined, and the results quantitatively
summarized. The results signify a positive correlation exists among these problem
behaviors: poor attendance, crime, delinquency, alcohol and/or other drug use, conduct
problems.
Ways to Solve Tardiness
The study of Balfanz & Byrnes (2012), students need to attend school daily to
succeed. The good news of this report is that being in school leads to succeeding in
school. Achievement, especially in math is very sensitive to attendance and absence of
even two weeks during one school year’s matters. Attendance also strongly affects
attendance standardized test scores and graduation and dropout rates. Educators and
policymakers cannot truly understand achievement gaps or efforts to close them without
considering chronic absenteeism. The attendance rate schools use for state report cards
and federal accountability.
As cited by Lukkarenin (2016), students’ class attendance and engagement play
an important role in today’s higher education. Several previous studies have shown that
11
class attendance is an important predictor of academic outcomes in that students who
attend more classes earn higher final grades. In recent study, no statistically significant
relationship between class attendance and student performance was identified after
adjusting for control variables that included gender and age found that the influence of
regular attendance on examination on performance is more important for female students
that male students. Female students earning above average grades had attended more
classes than female students earning grades below class average. Female students earning
grades below class average. No such difference was identified for male students.
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CHAPTER III
Research Methodology
Research Design
The researchers will be using descriptive survey method of research.
Locale of the Study
The study will be conducted at Apayao State College located at Malama, Conner,
Apayao.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study will be all grade 12 students of Apayao
State College with a total number of 197 students.
Data Gathering Instrument
A questionnaire will be used in gathering data. The questionnaire has 4 parts this
are profile of the respondents, causes of being tardiness, effects of being tardiness and
possible ways to solve tardiness in order to collect, analyze and interpret data.
Data Gathering Procedure
First, the researcher will be getting permission to access pertinent documents, and
record of advisers. Next, to conduct the research, the researchers need to secure it through
13
a formal letter of request which will then be addressed to the SHS Program Coordinator
of Apayao State College. Lastly, if the coordinator will approve their request letter, then
they will distribute the questionnaire personally to the respondents and explain the
purpose in conducting the research.
Statistical Tools
The researchers will be using Frequency and Percentage for the respondent’s
profile, and Frequency and Ranking will be use to determine the causes and effects.
14
Bibliography
Alio, B.C (2003). Obstacles to effective secondary school mathematics in Education:
The Challenge of Mathematics Educators. Journal of Research Development
BNARD, 1, pp. 66-71.
Balfanz, R., & Byrnes, V. (2012). The Importance of being in school: A report on
absenteeism in the nation’s public schools.
Bhamani, S., Ladhani, S. and Malik, T. (2013). Decreasing student tardiness through
strategic reward system: an action research report.
Chukwudi, D. (2005). Causes and effect of lateness in school in primary school in ovia
south west local government area of edo state.
Dafiaghor, F. K. (2001). Lateness: major problem confronting school administrators in
Delta State, Nigeria
Lukkarenin, A. (2016). Relationship between class attendance and student performance.
Najaka, S. S., Gottfredson, D. C., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). A meta-analytic inquiry into
the relationship between selected risk factors and problem behavior. Prevention
science, 2(4), 257-271
Norman, L. (2008). Reasons why being tardy to school is bad.
Reynolds, B. (2017). The Advantages of Being on Time vs. Being late to School.
Rodgers, J. R. (2011). A panel-data study of the effect of student attendance on academic
performance, unpublished manuscript.
Romualdez, V. (2017). The Best Excuses for Being Late for School.
Tsao, J. (2015). The Advantages of Beginning classes late.
Zeiger, S. (2007). The Impact of tardiness on School Success.
15
APPENDIX A
(Request Letter)
16
MRS. ZENAIDA A. CRUZ

SHS-Coordinator
Apayao State college
Malama, Conner, Apayao
Dear Ma’am,
We the undersigned Grade 12 students of Apayao State College conducting a
research entitled “TARDINESS AMONG SENIOR HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENT OF
APAYAO STATE COLLEGE S.Y. 2019-2020”.
May we request your good office to allow us to conduct the said study in this
school by granting access to pertinent documents record of advisers; and by allowing us
to conduct surveys among the concerned students under your supervision.
Your permission will be highly valued. Thank you very much.
Respectfully yours,
GUMABAY, SHAWN CHRISTOPHER P.
BAYONGASAN, ARKEIN S.
MOLINA, RESTLY M.
LADERA, RALPH A.
DANAO, DODDZ R.
Noted by:
ESTEBAN I. PATTING III

Research Instructor
17
APPENDIX B
(Survey Questionnaire)
18
Dear Respondent,
Please complete the following questions to reflect your opinions as
accurately as possible and to answer factual questions to the best of your knowledge.
Your information will be kept strictly confidential. Thank you.
-The Researchers
PART I: Profile of the Respondents

TRACK:
SEX: AGE:
( ) ACADEMIC TRACK
( )M ( )15 ( )16 ( )17 ( )18 ( ) TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL LIVELIHOOD TRACK
( )F ( )19 ( )20 ( )21 ( )22 ( ) ARTS AND DESIGN TRACKS
( ) SPORTS TRACK
PART II: CAUSES OF BEING TARDINESS
The following statements are the causes of being late. Choose one cause
that you already experienced and tick your answer.
Waking up late due to laziness.
Waiting for companions.
Not interested in the first subject.
Rushing to prepare things needed for school.
The location of the school is far from home.
19
PART III: EFFECTS OF BEING TARDINESS
The following statements are the late of being late. Choose one effect and
tick your answer.
Distract other classmate’s concentration.
Lose interest in studying.
Leading to behavioral problems.
Dropout of school.
Low academic performance.
PART IV: POSSIBLE WAYS TO SOLVE TARDINESS
The following statements are the ways to solve tardiness. Shade the best
answer for you on solving tardiness.
Sleep early and wake up early.
Make a schedule for doing important task
Prepare needed assignments in advance.
Prepare things needed for school at night before going to bed.
Avoid playing games late at night.
Set rules and corresponding punishments if the rules are broken.
Set Priorities.
20
APPENDIX C
(Curriculum Vitae)
21
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : Arkein S. Bayongasan
Age : 17
Place of Birth : Itogon, Benguet
Date of Birth : February 9, 2002
Address : Manag, Conner, Apayao
Gender : Male
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Pentecost
Parent’s Name
Father’s Name : Aladin P. Bayongasan
Mother’s Name : Catherine S. Bayongasan
Educational Background
Elementary : Manag Elementary School
Junior High School : Conner Central National High School – Main
Senior High School : Apayao State College

22
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : Doddz R. Danao
Age : 18
Place of Birth : Battut, Rizal, Cagayan
Date of Birth : July 17, 2001
Address : Battut, Rizal, Cagayan
Gender : Male
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parent’s Name
Father’s Name : Alfonso B. Danao
Mother’s Name : Florida R. Danao
Elementary : Rizal Central School
Junior High School : Saint Francis Academy
23
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : Shawn Christopher P. Gumabay
Age : 19
Place of Birth : Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
Date of Birth : December 20, 1999
Address : Padda, Lenneng, Kabugao, Apayao
Gender : Male
Religion : Born Again
Parent’s Name
Father’s Name : Salvador C. Gumabay
Mother’s Name : Charlyn P. Gumabay
Elementary : Lenneng Elementary School
Junior High School : Kabugao National High School
24
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : Ralph A. Ladera
Age : 17
Place of Birth : Duyun, Rizal, Cagayan
Date of Birth : February 28, 2002
Address : Duyun, Rizal, Cagayan
Gender : Male
Religion : Roman Catholic
Parent’s Name
Father’s Name : Benito T. Ladera
Mother’s Name : Marissa A. Ladera
Elementary : Duyun Elementary School
Junior High School : Saint Francis Academy
25
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal Background
Name : Restly M. Molina
Age : 18
Place of Birth : Battut, Rizal, Cagayan
Date of Birth : August 7, 2001
Address : Battut, Rizal, Cagayan
Gender : Male
Religion : Inglesian Ni Cristo
Parent’s Name
Father’s Name : Fredie B. Molina
Mother’s Name : Carmen M. Molina
Elementary : Sinicking Elementary School
Junior High School : Conner Central National High School – Main
26

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Republic of the Philippines

APAYAO STATE COLLEGE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

The Problem and Its Background

slow, sluggish, dull or stupid.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Statement of the Problem

College, S.Y. 2019-2020.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of respondent in terms of:

2. What are the causes of tardiness among Grade 12 students?

3. What are the effects of tardiness among grade 12 students?

4. What are the possible ways to minimize tardiness among students?

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

In order to decrease tardiness among Grade 12 students and attain effective

becomes an integral part of classroom management. As a process, it is observed that

philosophy and teaching style directly affect/contribute to their effectiveness in managing

of the study. This is manifested on improved attendance of students.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

Scope and Limitation of the Study

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit to the following:

ASC Administration. To add more knowledge on what is the cause of the

students tardiness and find a way to lessen it.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

students are late.

understand the behavior of their children.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Review of Related Literature and Studies

As cited by Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), lateness can be defined as the

seen as a system of network breakdown a situation of not meeting up with program a

function of time is the criteria and determinant of lateness.

According to Bhamani, Ladhani and Malik (2013), the phenomenon of school

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

having many delightful possessions.

Tsao (2015) claims a controversial issue on the influence of beginning classes

it is actually harmful to them.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Not Feeling Well, Forgot Something and Traffic.

As stated by Norman (2008), tardiness affects not only in child’s attendance

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Ways to Solve Tardiness

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

behavior problems and missed instruction.

on performance in a sample of 167 introductory statistics course. They study the

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

less robust conclusions about the positive effect of attendance on performance.

Ways to Solve Tardiness

school. Achievement, especially in math is very sensitive to attendance and absence of

and federal accountability.

As cited by Lukkarenin (2016), students’ class attendance and engagement play

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

class attendance is an important predictor of academic outcomes in that students who

regular attendance on examination on performance is more important for female students

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

The researchers will be using descriptive survey method of research.

Locale of the Study

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be all grade 12 students of Apayao

State College with a total number of 197 students.

Data Gathering Instrument

Data Gathering Procedure