Course Plan

Semester: 4 - Semester Year: 2019

Course Title: LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS Course Code: EC107
Semester End Examination: 70 Continuous Internal Evaluation: 30
Lesson Plan Author: Ms. B SARITHA Last Modified Date: 25-11-2018

Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Understand and analyze the IC 741 operational amplifier and its characteristics.
2. Design the solution for linear & non-linear applications using IC741
3. Elucidate and design the active filters and oscillators.
4. Identify the needs of voltage regulators and timers
5. Comprehend & differentiate the working principle of various data converters.

Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (COs) with Program Outcomes
(POs)
Course Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO- PSO-2
(COs) / Program 1
Outcomes (POs)
1. Understand and 2 3 3
analyze the ic 741
operational amplifier
and its characteristics.
2. Design the solution 3 3 3 3 3
for linear & non-linear
applications using ic
741
3. Elucidate and design 3 3 3 3 3
the active filters and
oscillators.
4. Identify the needs of 2 3 3 3 3
voltage regulators and
timers
5. Comprehend & 2 3 3
differentiate the
working principle of
various data
converters.

Course Content

Content Hrs
Unit - 1
Chapter No. 1 - Introduction 9.00
Integrated Circuits: Classification, Chip Size and Circuit Complexity, OP-Amp hrs
symbol, terminals, packages and specifications, block diagram of OP-Amp, Ideal
and Practical Op-Amp, CMRR, Open Loop and Closed loop configurations, DC and
AC Characteristics of OP-Amp, 741 Op-Amp and its Features, Slew rate, PSRR,
Frequency Compensation Techniques- pole zero, dominant compensation
Unit – 2
Chapter No. 2 - Linear &Non Linear applications of Op-Amp 12.00
Linear applications of Op-Amp: Introduction, Inverting and Non Inverting hrs
amplifiers, Difference amplifier, voltage follower, sign changer, scale changer,
summing, averaging amplifiers, adder-sub tractor, Integrator and Differentiator,
Instrumentation amplifier, V to I and I to V Converters. Non Linear Applications of
Op-Amp: Sample & Hold Circuits, Comparators, Schmitt Trigger , Multivibrators-
Astable ,Monostable - Log and Anti Log amplifiers, Precision rectifiers, Clippers
and Clampers.
Unit - 3
Chapter No. 3 - Active filters &waveform generators 10.00
Introduction, comparision between passive and active filters, First Order and Second hrs
Order Active Low Pass, High Pass and Band Pass Filters- narrow band, wide band,
Band Reject- narrow band and wide band and all pass filters. waveform generators-
Principle of operation and types of Oscillators- RC, Wien Bridge Triangular and
Square wave Generators
Unit - 4
Chapter No. 4 - Regulators,Timers and Phase Locked Loops&PLL 6.00
Regulators: Basics of Voltage Regulators, series OP-Amp regulator - 723 general hrs
purpose regulator. Timers and Phase Locked Loops: Introduction to 555 timer,
functional diagram, Monostable and Astable operations and its applications, Schmitt
trigger, PLL: operation of basic PLL, description of Individual blocks of 565, 566
VCO
Unit - 5
Chapter No. 5 - D-A and A-D converters 6.00
D-A and A-D converters: Introduction, Basic DAC Techniques – Weighted Resistor hrs
type, R-2R Ladder type, Inverted R-2R Type. Different types of ADCs-Parallel
Comparator Type, Counter Type, Successive Approximation Register Type and Dual
Slope Type. DAC and ADC Specifications.

Text Books (List of books as mentioned in the approved syllabus)

1. D. Roy Chowdhury, Linear Integrated Circuits, 3rd Ed, New Age International (p) Ltd,
2008
2. Floyd and Jain, Digital Fundamentals , 8th Edition, Pearson Education, 2006
3. James M. Fiore, Cengage, Op-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuits, 2nd Ed, Jaico, 2009
References
1. Ramakanth A. Gayakwad, Op-Amp & Linear ICs, PHI, 1987
2. William D. Stanley, Operational Amplifiers with linear Integrated Circuits, 4th Ed,
Pearson Education India, 2009

Chapterwise Plan

Course Code and Title: EC107 / LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

Chapter Number and Title: 1 - Introduction

Learning Outcomes:-
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

Topic Learning Outcomes

1 Define integrated circuits

2 Classify Integrated circuits based on size, complexity and fabrication etc.
3
Define, Classify Operational Amplifier and its specifications.

4 Describe various characteristics of op-Amp such as AC& DC.

5 Discuss various compensation techniques to compensate imperfections in Op-Amp
Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour
1. :Integrated Circuits: Classification of IC’s, Chip Size and Circuit Complexity
2. OP-Amp symbol, terminals, packages and specifications.
3. Block diagram of OP-Amp, Explanation
4. Ideal and Practical characteristics of Op-Amp
5. Open Loop and Closed loop configurations
6. DC Characteristics of OP-Amp
7. 741 Op-Amp and its Features, Slew rate, PSRR, CMRR
8. AC Characteristics of OP-Amp
9. Frequency Compensation Techniques- Dominant pole & pole zero compensation

Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions
1. Mention the advantage of Integrated circuits as compared to the circuits with discrete components.
2. Define an integrated circuit and classify them
3. Classify the IC technology based on the number of discrete components, application and fabrication.
4. Mention the limitation of Monolithic ICs and how to overcome it.
5. What is an Op-Amp
6. List the terminal numbers of 14-pin IC 741 i) Inverting terminal ii) Output iii) Input Offset Voltage iv) Positive
7. What should be the ideal characteristics of OP-Amp? Name them, distinguish Virtual Ground and actual grou
measure it.
8. Why open loop configuration are not used in Linear applications.
9. For a given Op-Amp, CMRR=10 power 5 and differential gain is 10 power 3 Determine common mode gain.
10. What is slew rate of an op-amp whose output voltage is 30V in 4 micro seconds.
11. What are the various compensation techniques for DC characteristics
12. What are the limitations of Dominant pole compensation as compared to Pole zero compensation techniques.
13. Explain the terms Bias, Drift and Offset as applied to Op-amps
14. List out the factors that effecting on DC characteristics.

Course Code and Title: EC107 / LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

Chapter Number and Title: 2 - Linear &Non Linear applications of Op-Amp P

Learning Outcomes:-
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

Topic Learning Outcomes

1
Design & Develop a solution for Linear Applications of Op-Amps such as adder, scale changer, integr

2 Design & Develop a solution for Linear Applications of Op-Amps such as Schmitt Trigger, Sample &
amplifiers etc

Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction, Inverting amplifier
2. Non Inverting amplifiers, Difference amplifier, voltage follower
3. sign changer, scale changer, summing, averaging amplifiers
4. Adder-Subtractor circuits and Problems on it.
5. Ideal & Practical Integrator, Advantages, Applications.
6. Ideal & Practical Differentiator, Advantages, Applications.
7. Instrumentation amplifier, V to I and I to V Converters
8. Comparators, Schmitt Trigger
9. Astable & Monostable Multivibrator using 741 opamp
10. Log and Anti Log amplifiers
11. Precision rectifiers, Clippers and Clampers.
12. Integrator, Differentiator & Instrumentation amplifier
13. Non Linear Applications of Op-Amp: Sample & Hold Circuit

Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions
1. For the circuit shown in Find i. Find V0 in the above circuit if Rf = 10 k, R1 = 2 k and R2 = 5 k. ii. Find R1
and V2 and Rf = 10 k. Assume necessary data
2. For the non-inverting AC amplifier Rin = 50 , Ci = 0.1_f R1 = 1K, R0M = 820 ,RF = 5.6K and RL = 10K . D
the amplifier
3. Derive the expression s for the output loop voltage of an OP-AMP in closed loop Configuration (inverting)
4. A 741 op-Amp is used as an inverting amplifier with R1 =1kΩ , Rf = 100kΩ. What is the maximum output
offset voltage Vos. For 741, Vos=6mV.
5. Draw the circuit of a typical instrumentation amplifier. Why do we use two stage op-amp circuit as an instrum
6. What is the difference between a basic comparator and the Schmitt trigger? Construct a Schmitt trigger cir
threshold Voltages
7. Design a differentiator to differentiate an i/p signal that varies in frequency from 10 Hz to about 1 kHz. If a s
applied to this differentiator draw the o/p waveforms.
8. Why active differentiator circuit is not used in analog computer to solve differential equations?
9. Draw the frequencies response curve of a differentiator. How, is it modified when a small resistor is a convert
10. Find R1 and R2 in below figure, if Vo is the average of V1 and V2 and Rf =10KW.
11. Calculate Vo for the circuit of figure given below is V1=5v,V2 =2v
12. In the circuit of fig. it can be shown that Vo=a1V1+a2V2+a3V3 Find the value of a1, a2, a3, Also find the va
(ii) R4 removed (iii) R1 is short-circuited.
13. Prove that the circuit, is a non-inverting integrator with vo=2/RC ‫ﻠ‬v1dt
14. For the circuit shown in fig Vi=500mV peak 100Hz sine wave, R=100 ohm, Vz=6.2V, Vd=0.7V and suppl
output voltage swing and draw the output waveform.
15. For the non-inverting schematic comparator circuit shown in fig, calculate the threshold levels Vut and Vlt an
16. Design a square wave oscillator for F=1 KHz. this OP-AMP is a 741 with supply voltages ±15V.
17. Design a monostable multivibtrator with trigger pulse shaping which will drive a LED on for 0.5 second each
18. Draw a neat circuit diagram of an A.C. inverting amplifier. What are the major advantages and disadvantages

Course Code and Title: EC107 / LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

Chapter Number and Title: 3 - Active filters &waveform generators P

Learning Outcomes:-
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

Topic Learning Outcomes

1 Design & develop a solution for Active Filters of various orders using Op-Amps and Passive compone
2 Design an Oscillator circuit using op-amp.
3 Categorize various waveform generator circuits and calculate their time period

Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Introduction, comparison between passive and active filters
2. First Order Active Low Pass, High Pass filter Design
3. Second Order Active Low Pass filter Design
4. Second Order Active High Pass filter Design
5. Band Pass Filters- narrow band, wide band pass filter Design
6. Band Reject- Narrow band and wide band and all pass filters design
7. Overview of filter Design
8. Waveform generators- Principle of operation and types of Oscillators, RC Oscillator.
9. Wien Bridge Oscillator.
10. Triangular and Square wave Generators

Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions
1. Explain the design procedure (with suitable circuit diagram of a fourth order Butterworth low-pass filter).
2. For the all pass filter, determine the phase shift between input and output at f=2 kHz. To obtain a positive p
necessary in the circuit?
3. What are the gain constraints imposed on higher order flters? Explain
4. Define by means of a diagram the pass band, stop band, transition band and pass band ripple.
5. Sketch the ideal frequency-response characteristics of Low pass, high pass and band reject filters.
6. Design a second order low pass filter at a higher cut of frequency of 2KHz.
7. Draw the first order low-pass Butterworth filter and analyze the same by deriving the gain and phase angle equ
8. Design a notch filter for fo=8kHz and quality factor Q=10. Choose C=500pf and assume necessary data.
9. Determine the order of the Butterworth low-pass filter so that at ω = 1.5ω3dB, the magnitude response is down
10. Define Bessel, Butterworth and chebyshev filters, and compare their response.
11. What feedback is preferred for oscillators and why? What is the effect of negative feedback?
12. Design an OP-AMP based relaxation oscillator and derive the frequency of oscillation.
13. In the phase shift oscillator which operates at f = 80 kHz. Determine the value of resistance R?
14. For the circuit shown in fig Vi=500mV peak 100Hz sine wave, R=100 ohm, Vz=6.2V, Vd=0.7V and supply
output voltage swing and draw the output waveform.

Course Code and Title: EC107 / LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

Chapter Number and Title: 4 - Regulators, Timers and Phase Locked Loops & PLL

Learning Outcomes:-
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

Topic Learning Outcomes

1 Analyze Series voltage Regulators using Op-Amp

2 Design voltage regulators using IC 723
3 Understand the functional diagram of 555 timer.
4 Discuss Astable and Monostable configurations of IC 555 Timer.
5 Discuss various Applications of 555 Timer
6 Understand the functional Block diagram of PLL.

Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour
1. Regulators: Basics of voltage Regulators, series OP-Amp regulator. 723 general purpose regulator and Problem
2. Timers and Phase Locked Loops: Introduction to 555 timer, functional diagram,
3. Monostable operation and its applications
4. Astable operation and its applications ,Schmitt trigger
5. PLL: Operation of basic PLL, Description of Individual blocks of 565,
6. 566 VCO&555,PLL
Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions
1. What is a voltage regulator? Mention the Features of 723 Regulator.
2. List the important features of 555 timer
3. Explain the functions of each of pins in 555 timer.
4. Design a Monostable multivibrator using 555 timer to produce a pulse width of 100 m sec.
5. Design a 555 Astable multivibrator to operate at 10KHz with 40% duty cycle.
6. Define the following terms with reference to PLL. a. Lock range. b. Capture range. c. Pull-in-time
7. Describe any two applications of 555 timer
8. Draw the dc o/p voltage VCo v/s frequency characteristic of PLL indicating the capture and lock range clearly
9. State the relationship between lock ranges and capture range through a mathematical expression.
10. Give the block diagram of PLL and explain about each block in detail.
11. The function of the Diode D in the timer circuit shown in fig .What is diode equitation in it.
12. Circuit shown in fig represents. Obtain the Ra & Rb values when an o/p frequency is 1kHz, assume c = 0.1μF
13. In the VCO circuit calculate the change in output frequency if the supply voltage is varied between 9V and
ohm, Ct=75pf, R1=15k ohm and R2=100K ohm, Determine the control voltage Vc at lock if signal frequenc
frequency is 10.66 KHz and the voltage to frequency transfer coefficient of VCO is 6600 Hz/V.
14. In the Astable multivibrator of fig Ra=2.2 K ohm ,RB=6.8 K ohm and C=0.1 micro F. Calculate (i) t H
frequency (iv)duty cycle.
15. Give the block diagram of IC 566 VCO and explain its operation
16. Describe the 555 time monostable multivibrator applications in (i) Pulse stretching (ii) Frequency (iii) PWM.

Course Code and Title: EC107 / LINEAR IC APPLICATIONS

Chapter Number and Title: 5 - D-A and A-D converters

Learning Outcomes:-
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:

Topic Learning Outcomes

1 Understand the need of data converters.

2 Discuss the working principle of various DACs.
3 Discuss the working principle of various ADCs.
4 List and Discuss the specifications of ADC and DAC .
Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour
1. D-A and A-D converters: Introduction, Basic DAC Techniques Weighted Resistor type
2. R-2R Ladder type, Inverted R-2R Type.
3. Different types of ADCs-Parallel Comparator Type & Counter Type.
4. Successive Approximation Register Type
5. Dual Slope Type. DAC and ADC Specifications.
6. DAC and ADC Specifications.

Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions
1. Calculate the values of the LSB, MSB at full scale output for an 8 bit DAC for the 0 to 10 V range.
2. The LSB of a 6-bit D/A converter represents 0.1v. What voltage value will be representing by the following bi
3. Which is the fastest ADC, explain the operation and discuss its merits & de-merits?
4. Draw the circuit of Weighted Resistor DAC and derive expression for output analog voltage Vo.
5. A dual slope ADC uses a 12bit counter and a 8 MHz clock rate. The max input voltage is +10V. the maximum
-8V, when the counter has cycled through 2ncounts. The capacitor used in the integrator is 0.1μF. Find the value
6. Design a 4-bit weighted resistor DAC whose full-scale o/p voltage is 10 volts. Assume Rf = 10KΩ and logic
level as volts. What is the o/p voltage? When the input is 1011.
7. A 12 bits D to A converter has a full-scale range of 115V. Its maximum differential linearity error in ± 1/2
resolution? ii. What are the minimum and maximum possible values of the increment in its o/p voltage?
8. Compare the maximum conversion of an 8-bit digital ramp ADC with that of a successive approximation AD
How do these compare with that of a flash type ADC?
9. What is the major difference between A/D and D/A converters? Give one application of each.
10. Define the following terms for D/A converters: resolution, settling time, conversion time.
11. Explain the working of a 4-bit R-2R Ladder network D/A convertor . What are its advantages? and disad
voltage caused by input of 1101if Vr =5volts.
12. Calculate the no. of bits required to represent a full scale voltage of 10v with a resolution of 5mv approximat