Lolong, Carlo Jhan T.

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WHAT IS HOUSE WIRING?

Homes typically have several kinds of home wiring, including Electrical wiring for lighting
and power distribution, permanently installed and portable appliances, telephone, heating or
ventilation system control, and increasingly for home theatre and computer networks.

Safety regulations for wiring installation vary widely around the world, with national, regional,
and municipal rules sometimes in effect. Some places allow the homeowner to install some or all
of the wiring in a home; other jurisdictions require electrical wiring to be installed by licensed
electricians only.

Picture Definition and its uses

Side cutting pliers

Used to cut wire and to substitute for a set of pliers.

Linesman pliers
Used by electricians and other tradesman primarily for gripping,
twisting, bending and cutting wire cable.

Phillips screwdriver
A screwdriver having a head with a cross slot for the
corresponding screws.

Channel lock pliers

Type of slip-joint pliers. They have seratted jaws generally set 45
to 60 degrees from the handles.

Long nose pliers

Both cutting and holding pliers used by artisan, jewelry
designers, electricians, network engineers, and other tradesmen
to bend, re-position and snip wire.
Lolong, Carlo Jhan T.
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Wire striper
A small, hand-held device used to strip the electrical insulation
from electric wires.

Wire crimper
Joining 2 pieces of metal or other ductile materials (usually a
wire and a metal plate) by deforming one or both to hold the
other.

Allen wrenches
A hex key, Allen wrench or Allen key, is a simple tool used to
drive bolts and screws with hexagonal sockets in their heads.
The tool is usually formed of a single piece of hexagonal rod of
hard steel, with blunt ends that are meant to fit snugly into the
screw's socket, bent in an "L" shape with unequal arms. The tool
is usually held and twisted by the long arm, creating a
large torque at the tip of the short arm. Reversing the tool lets the
long arm reach screws in hard-to-reach places.
Oscilloscope
A device for viewing oscillations, as of electrical voltage or
current, by a display on the screen on the screen of a cathode ray
tube.

Signal generator
An electronic device that generates repeating or non-repeating
electronic signals in either the analog or the digital domain. It is
generally used in designing, testing, troubleshooting, and
repairing electronic or electroacoustic devices, though it often
has artistic uses as well.
Antistatic wristband or ground bracelet
An antistatic device used to safely ground a person working on a
very sensitive electronic equipment, to prevent the buildup of
static electricity on their body which can result in electrostatic
discharge (ESD).

Electrical tape
A type of pressure sensitive tape used to insulate electrical wires
and other materials that conduct electricity.
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Soldering gun (also soldering iron)

An approximately pistol-shaped, electrically powered equipment
for soldering metals using tin-based solder to achieve strong
mechanical bond with good electrical contact.

Tick tracer
Detects the presence of voltage in a wire or piece of equipment
without making direct contact with the conductor or energized
part.

Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter (or multimeter)

A VOM is battery powered and is used with the current turned
off. It's used to check continuity in a wire or component and to
measure the electrical current -- from 0 to 250 volts, AC
(alternating current, as in houses) or DC (direct current, as in
batteries) -- flowing through the wire or component.

TYPES OF SPLICING
Splicing is the process of combining 2 lengths of wires so they can carry a current. The
following are the common electrical wire splices and joints:

Y-Splice

This method of wrapping is generally used on small

cables because the strands are flexible and all can be
wrapped in one operation.

Knotted tap
Joint all the splices discussed up to this point are
known as butted splices. Each was made by joining the free
ends of the conductors together. Sometimes, however, it is
necessary to join a branch conductor to a continuous wire
called the main wire. Such a junction is called a tap joint.
Lolong, Carlo Jhan T.
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Plain tap joint

This is used where the tap wire is under

considerable tensile stress circuit.

Cross Joint

The same application is done as in plain tap and the

only difference is that this tap is a combination of two plain
taps place side by side with each other.

Duplex cross joint

This is a two-tap wire turned simultaneously and is

used where the two tap wire is under heavy tensile stress.

Western Union Short-tie Splice

This is the most widely used splice or joint in

interior wiring installation to extend the length of wire
from one point to another.

TABLE OF ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS

Symbol Component name Meaning

WIRE SYMBOLS

Electrical Wire Conductor of electrical current

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Connected Wires Connected crossing

Not Connected Wires Wires are not connected

SWITCH SYMBOLS AND RELAY SYMBOLS

SPST Toggle Switch Disconnects current when open

SPDT Toggle Switch Selects between two connections

Pushbutton Switch (N.O) Momentary switch - normally open

Pushbutton Switch (N.C) Momentary switch - normally closed

DIP Switch DIP switch is used for onboard configuration

SPST Relay
Relay open / close connection by an
electromagnet
SPDT Relay

Jumper Close connection by jumper insertion on pins.

Solder Bridge Solder to close connection

GROUND SYMBOLS

Used for zero potential reference and electrical

Earth Ground
shock protection.
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Chassis Ground Connected to the chassis of the circuit

Digital / Common Ground

RESISTOR SYMBOLS

Resistor (IEEE)

Resistor reduces the current flow.

Resistor (IEC)

Potentiometer (IEEE)

Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals.

Potentiometer (IEC)

Variable Resistor /
Rheostat (IEEE)
Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.
Variable Resistor /
Rheostat (IEC)

Trimmer Resistor Preset resistor

Thermal resistor - change resistance when

Thermistor
temperature changes

Photoresistor / Light Photo-resistor - change resistance with light

dependent resistor (LDR) intensity change

CAPACITOR SYMBOLS

Capacitor
Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts
as short circuit with AC and open circuit with
DC.
Capacitor
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Polarized Capacitor Electrolytic capacitor

Polarized Capacitor Electrolytic capacitor

Variable Capacitor Adjustable capacitance

INDUCTOR / COIL SYMBOLS

Inductor Coil / solenoid that generates magnetic field

Iron Core Inductor Includes iron

Variable Inductor

POWER SUPPLY SYMBOLS

Voltage Source Generates constant voltage

Current Source Generates constant current.

AC Voltage Source AC voltage source

Electrical voltage is generated by mechanical

Generator
rotation of the generator

Battery Cell Generates constant voltage

Battery Generates constant voltage

Generates voltage as a function of voltage or

Controlled Voltage Source
current of other circuit element.
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Generates current as a function of voltage or

Controlled Current Source
current of other circuit element.

METER SYMBOLS

Measures voltage. Has very high resistance.

Voltmeter
Connected in parallel.

Measures electric current. Has near zero

Ammeter
resistance. Connected serially.

Ohmmeter Measures resistance

Wattmeter Measures electric power

LAMP / LIGHT BULB SYMBOLS

Lamp / light bulb

Lamp / light bulb Generates light when current flows through

Lamp / light bulb

DIODE / LED SYMBOLS

Diode allows current flow in one direction only

Diode
- left (anode) to right (cathode).

Allows current flow in one direction, but also

Zener Diode can flow in the reverse direction when above
breakdown voltage

Schottky Diode Schottky diode is a diode with low voltage drop

Varactor / Varicap Diode Variable capacitance diode

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Tunnel Diode

Light Emitting Diode (LED) LED emits light when current flows through

Photodiode allows current flow when exposed

Photodiode
to light

TRANSISTOR SYMBOLS

Allows current flow when high potential at base

NPN Bipolar Transistor
(middle)

Allows current flow when low potential at base

PNP Bipolar Transistor
(middle)

Made from 2 bipolar transistors. Has total gain

Darlington Transistor
of the product of each gain.

JFET-N Transistor N-channel field effect transistor

JFET-P Transistor P-channel field effect transistor

NMOS Transistor N-channel MOSFET transistor

PMOS Transistor P-channel MOSFET transistor

MISC. SYMBOLS

Motor Electric motor

Change AC voltage from high to low or low to

Transformer
high.

Electric bell Rings when activated

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Buzzer Produce buzzing sound

Fuse
The fuse disconnects when current above
threshold. Used to protect circuit from high
currents.
Fuse

Bus

Contains several wires. Usually for data /

Bus
address.

Bus

Optocoupler / Opto-isolator Optocoupler isolates connection to other board

Loudspeaker Converts electrical signal to sound waves

Microphone Converts sound waves to electrical signal

Operational Amplifier Amplify input signal

Schmitt Trigger Operates with hysteresis to reduce noise.

Analog-to-digital converter
Converts analog signal to digital numbers
(ADC)

Digital-to-Analog converter
Converts digital numbers to analog signal
(DAC)

Crystal Oscillator Used to generate precise frequency clock signal

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Direct current is generated from constant

⎓ Direct current
voltage level

ANTENNA SYMBOLS

Antenna / aerial

Transmits & receives radio waves

Antenna / aerial

Dipole Antenna Two wires simple antenna

LOGIC GATES SYMBOLS

NOT Gate (Inverter) Outputs 1 when input is 0

AND Gate Outputs 1 when both inputs are 1.

Outputs 0 when both inputs are 1. (NOT +

NAND Gate
AND)

OR Gate Outputs 1 when any input is 1.

NOR Gate Outputs 0 when any input is 1. (NOT + OR)

Outputs 1 when inputs are different. (Exclusive

XOR Gate
OR)

D Flip-Flop Stores one bit of data

Multiplexer / Mux 2 to 1

Connects the output to selected input line.

Multiplexer / Mux 4 to 1
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Demultiplexer / Demux 1 to 4 Connects selected output to the input line.